Italian Peruvian
Encyclopedia
An Italian Peruvian is a Peru
vian citizen of Italian descent
. The phrase may refer to someone born in Peru
of Italian descent or to someone who has immigrated to Peru from Italy
. Among European Peruvians, Italians were the second largest group of immigrants to settle in the country.
(Viceroyalty of Peru) and Callao
, mostly from Liguria
and Tuscany
, such as Martin from Florence
, Pietro Catagno, Pietro Martín from Sicily
(all of them involved in Atahualpa's capture), Juan Bautista Pastene
, born in Genoa
in 1505 and also present since the beginning of the Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire
. It is worthy to say that, in 1584, the first printing press was brought to the Viceroyalty of Peru
by an Italian named Antonio Ricciardi Pedemontanus.
Radicati di Primeglio has done an exhaustive research about Italians in Lima and he found the well-documented existence of 343 Italians in Lima between 1532 and 1650 (this number can vary because many Italians were not registered). From these 343 Italians: 124 were from Genoa
, 28 from Venice
, 28 from Corsica
, 15 from Naples
, 11 from Milan
, 10 from Rome
, 5 from Sicily
and the rest from other Italian states. Italians from Genoa
used to work in the transport of passengers and merchandises between Callao
and other Viceroyalty harbors to Panama. We can mention to Captains Giustiniani y Vicenzo Pascuale, who founded many navigation and trade enterprises between Callao and Valparaiso; Giovanni di Malta, Nicolo da Bonifilio, Alvaro Pastrello, Giovanni Gaetano; Enrique Porri from Milan
, Lucas de Astra from Genoa
; Nicoroso y Marcos Corso, captain Alessandro Malaspina.
There were also marines from Venice
and from the Aegean Islands
, like Pedro from Heraklion
and Francisco from Cyprus
(these places were under the venetian dominion from 1204 to 1669); Anello Oliva, Ludovico Bertonio, Francesco Carletti, and the Prince of Santo Buono and Viceroy of Peru; Carmine Nicolao Caracciolo, born in Naples
and Dr. Federico Bottoni who published a treaty about sanguineous circulation, in 1723.
During the last decades of Spanish dominion in Perú, the number of Italians in Peru grew faster than in previous centuries (most of them came from Genoa
). The richest ones were related to the marine commerce while the rest of Italians worked at small family-run business (such as grocery stores) or in larger enterprises along with their fellow Italians, as they were relatively skilled.
The pioneers of the Italian immigration to Peru were Antonio Dagnino, who established in Callao in 1802 and Felix Valega, who arrived, in 1806. The same ship brought to the musician Andrea Bolognesi, father of the Peruvian National Hero "Francisco Bolognesi
".
The first wave of Italian immigration to Peru occurred during the period 1840–1866 (the "Guano" Era): not less than 15,000 Italians arrived to Peru during this period (without counting the non-registered Italians) and established mainly in the coastal cities, especially, in Lima
and Callao
. They came, mostly, from the northern states (Liguria
, Piedmont
, Tuscany
and Lombardy
). Giuseppe Garibaldi
arrived to Peru in 1851, as well as other Italians who participated in the Milan rebellion
like Giuseppe Eboli, Steban Siccoli, Antonio Raimondi
, Arrigoni, etc.
In 1872, the Sociedad de Inmigración Europea ("European Immigration Society") was founded in Peru. Its objective was promoting Old World
immigration
by covering the costs of their journeys and financially supporting them during their first settler years in Peru. Furthermore many Italians came in search for a better future, upon the arrival they established themselves in small business.
During the second world war waves of Italian families started to immigrate to Peru; these families mainly settled in Lima. (Godbersen, 2006)
Many Italian Peruvians intermarried and many Italian Peruvian families are related. Most Italian Peruvians live in the metropolitan area of Lima and the coastal cities. The Peruvian cuisine has been largely influenced by the Italian cuisine. In Chanchamayo there is an Italian colony in the Province of La Merced, founded by Italian immigrants.
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
vian citizen of Italian descent
Italian people
The Italian people are an ethnic group that share a common Italian culture, ancestry and speak the Italian language as a mother tongue. Within Italy, Italians are defined by citizenship, regardless of ancestry or country of residence , and are distinguished from people...
. The phrase may refer to someone born in Peru
Peru
Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
of Italian descent or to someone who has immigrated to Peru from Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
. Among European Peruvians, Italians were the second largest group of immigrants to settle in the country.
History
Between 1532 and 1560, 50 Italians established in LimaLima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
(Viceroyalty of Peru) and Callao
Callao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
, mostly from Liguria
Liguria
Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. Its capital is Genoa. It is a popular region with tourists for its beautiful beaches, picturesque little towns, and good food.-Geography:...
and Tuscany
Tuscany
Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....
, such as Martin from Florence
Florence
Florence is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany and of the province of Florence. It is the most populous city in Tuscany, with approximately 370,000 inhabitants, expanding to over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area....
, Pietro Catagno, Pietro Martín from Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
(all of them involved in Atahualpa's capture), Juan Bautista Pastene
Juan Bautista Pastene
Giovanni Battista Pastene was a Genoese maritime explorer who while in the service of the Spanish crown, explored the coasts of Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Chile as far south as to the archipelago of Chiloé....
, born in Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
in 1505 and also present since the beginning of the Spanish Conquest of the Inca Empire
Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire
The Spanish conquest of the Inca Empire was one of the most important campaigns in the Spanish colonization of the Americas. This historic process of military conquest was made by Spanish conquistadores and their native allies....
. It is worthy to say that, in 1584, the first printing press was brought to the Viceroyalty of Peru
Viceroyalty of Peru
Created in 1542, the Viceroyalty of Peru was a Spanish colonial administrative district that originally contained most of Spanish-ruled South America, governed from the capital of Lima...
by an Italian named Antonio Ricciardi Pedemontanus.
Radicati di Primeglio has done an exhaustive research about Italians in Lima and he found the well-documented existence of 343 Italians in Lima between 1532 and 1650 (this number can vary because many Italians were not registered). From these 343 Italians: 124 were from Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
, 28 from Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
, 28 from Corsica
Corsica
Corsica is an island in the Mediterranean Sea. It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia....
, 15 from Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
, 11 from Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, 10 from Rome
Rome
Rome is the capital of Italy and the country's largest and most populated city and comune, with over 2.7 million residents in . The city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, on the Tiber River within the Lazio region of Italy.Rome's history spans two and a half...
, 5 from Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
and the rest from other Italian states. Italians from Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
used to work in the transport of passengers and merchandises between Callao
Callao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
and other Viceroyalty harbors to Panama. We can mention to Captains Giustiniani y Vicenzo Pascuale, who founded many navigation and trade enterprises between Callao and Valparaiso; Giovanni di Malta, Nicolo da Bonifilio, Alvaro Pastrello, Giovanni Gaetano; Enrique Porri from Milan
Milan
Milan is the second-largest city in Italy and the capital city of the region of Lombardy and of the province of Milan. The city proper has a population of about 1.3 million, while its urban area, roughly coinciding with its administrative province and the bordering Province of Monza and Brianza ,...
, Lucas de Astra from Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
; Nicoroso y Marcos Corso, captain Alessandro Malaspina.
There were also marines from Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
and from the Aegean Islands
Aegean Islands
The Aegean Islands are the group of islands in the Aegean Sea, with mainland Greece to the west and north and Turkey to the east; the island of Crete delimits the sea to the south, those of Rhodes, Karpathos and Kasos to the southeast...
, like Pedro from Heraklion
Heraklion
Heraklion, or Heraclion is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete, Greece. It is the 4th largest city in Greece....
and Francisco from Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
(these places were under the venetian dominion from 1204 to 1669); Anello Oliva, Ludovico Bertonio, Francesco Carletti, and the Prince of Santo Buono and Viceroy of Peru; Carmine Nicolao Caracciolo, born in Naples
Naples
Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples...
and Dr. Federico Bottoni who published a treaty about sanguineous circulation, in 1723.
During the last decades of Spanish dominion in Perú, the number of Italians in Peru grew faster than in previous centuries (most of them came from Genoa
Genoa
Genoa |Ligurian]] Zena ; Latin and, archaically, English Genua) is a city and an important seaport in northern Italy, the capital of the Province of Genoa and of the region of Liguria....
). The richest ones were related to the marine commerce while the rest of Italians worked at small family-run business (such as grocery stores) or in larger enterprises along with their fellow Italians, as they were relatively skilled.
Francisco Bolognesi
Francisco Bolognesi Cervantes was a Peruvian military hero. He is considered national hero in Peru and was declared patron of the Army of Peru by the government of Peru on January 2 of 1951.- Early life and education :...
".
The first wave of Italian immigration to Peru occurred during the period 1840–1866 (the "Guano" Era): not less than 15,000 Italians arrived to Peru during this period (without counting the non-registered Italians) and established mainly in the coastal cities, especially, in Lima
Lima
Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...
and Callao
Callao
Callao is the largest and most important port in Peru. The city is coterminous with the Constitutional Province of Callao, the only province of the Callao Region. Callao is located west of Lima, the country's capital, and is part of the Lima Metropolitan Area, a large metropolis that holds almost...
. They came, mostly, from the northern states (Liguria
Liguria
Liguria is a coastal region of north-western Italy, the third smallest of the Italian regions. Its capital is Genoa. It is a popular region with tourists for its beautiful beaches, picturesque little towns, and good food.-Geography:...
, Piedmont
Piedmont
Piedmont is one of the 20 regions of Italy. It has an area of 25,402 square kilometres and a population of about 4.4 million. The capital of Piedmont is Turin. The main local language is Piedmontese. Occitan is also spoken by a minority in the Occitan Valleys situated in the Provinces of...
, Tuscany
Tuscany
Tuscany is a region in Italy. It has an area of about 23,000 square kilometres and a population of about 3.75 million inhabitants. The regional capital is Florence ....
and Lombardy
Lombardy
Lombardy is one of the 20 regions of Italy. The capital is Milan. One-sixth of Italy's population lives in Lombardy and about one fifth of Italy's GDP is produced in this region, making it the most populous and richest region in the country and one of the richest in the whole of Europe...
). Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Giuseppe Garibaldi was an Italian military and political figure. In his twenties, he joined the Carbonari Italian patriot revolutionaries, and fled Italy after a failed insurrection. Garibaldi took part in the War of the Farrapos and the Uruguayan Civil War leading the Italian Legion, and...
arrived to Peru in 1851, as well as other Italians who participated in the Milan rebellion
Five Days of Milan
The Five Days of Milan was a major event in the Revolutionary Year of 1848 and the start of the First Italian War of Independence. On March 18th, the city of Milan, rose, and in five days of street fighting drove Marshal Radetzky and his men from the city....
like Giuseppe Eboli, Steban Siccoli, Antonio Raimondi
Antonio Raimondi
Antonio Raimondi was a prominent Italian-born Peruvian geographer and scientist. Born in Milan, Raimondi emigrated to Peru, arriving on July 28, 1850 at the port of Callao. In 1851 he became a professor of natural history...
, Arrigoni, etc.
In 1872, the Sociedad de Inmigración Europea ("European Immigration Society") was founded in Peru. Its objective was promoting Old World
Old World
The Old World consists of those parts of the world known to classical antiquity and the European Middle Ages. It is used in the context of, and contrast with, the "New World" ....
immigration
Immigration
Immigration is the act of foreigners passing or coming into a country for the purpose of permanent residence...
by covering the costs of their journeys and financially supporting them during their first settler years in Peru. Furthermore many Italians came in search for a better future, upon the arrival they established themselves in small business.
During the second world war waves of Italian families started to immigrate to Peru; these families mainly settled in Lima. (Godbersen, 2006)
Many Italian Peruvians intermarried and many Italian Peruvian families are related. Most Italian Peruvians live in the metropolitan area of Lima and the coastal cities. The Peruvian cuisine has been largely influenced by the Italian cuisine. In Chanchamayo there is an Italian colony in the Province of La Merced, founded by Italian immigrants.
Italian Peruvian institutions and associations
- Colegio Antonio Raimondi
- Asociación de descendientes de Italianos en el Perú
- Instituto Cultural Italo-Peruano
- Società Italiana d'IStruzione "Scuola Santa Margherita".
- Associazione Lombardi del Peru
- Associazione Liguri del Peru
- Associazione Siciliani del Peru
- Circolo Sportivo Italiano. Societta Canottieri "ITALIA"
- Circolo Tentrino di Lima
- Associazione Nazionale Alpini
- Associazione Piemontesi del Perú
- Associazione Toscana del Perú
- Associazione Sarda del Perú
- Associazione Veneti nel Mondo
- Camera di Comercio Italiana
- Societá Italiana di Benefincenza e Assitenza (SIBA)
- Asociación Italiana Peruana Monopoli-Bari "Regione Puglia".
Famous Italian Peruvians
- Claudio PizarroClaudio PizarroClaudio Miguel Pizarro Bosio is a Peruvian football forward. Pizarro plays for Werder Bremen of the German Bundesliga...
Football Player her mother's lastname is Bossio, Bundesliga top foreign born goalscorer
- Laura BozzoLaura BozzoLaura Cecilia Bozzo Rotondo is a television talk show host, best known for hosting Spanish-language talk show Laura en América that was broadcasted in the United States on the Telemundo television network...
lawyer, tv host - Tula Vattuone opera singer, actress
- Silvia Bonechi DailyWebTV - Production Coordinator and freelance video producer
- Mariela Balbi journalist, tv host
- Luis Solari politician, lawyer
- Francisco BolognesiFrancisco BolognesiFrancisco Bolognesi Cervantes was a Peruvian military hero. He is considered national hero in Peru and was declared patron of the Army of Peru by the government of Peru on January 2 of 1951.- Early life and education :...
National hero - Francesco Petrozzi lyric tenor
- Maritere Braschi tv host
- Gloria Maria Solari actress
- Guillermina Maggiolo director of the National Symphony Orchestra
- Clelia Francesconi model, actress
- Jorge Chiarella actor, journalist, writer and classic composer
- Alessandra Zignago model
- Morella Petrozzi dancer
- Luciano Figallo musician, composer
- Cécica Bernasconi actress
- Raul OrlandiniRaúl OrlandiniRaúl Orlandini was a Peruvian racecar driver....
automobilistic competitor - Mario TestinoMario Testino-Early Life:Testino grew up in Lima, the eldest son of a businessman. When he was young he wanted to be a priest. Testino recalls being unpopular at school because of his flamboyance. He was good at math and went on to study economics at Universidad del Pacífico, where his insistence on wearing...
photographer - Tomas Cenzano actor
- Gabriela Billoti actress
- Raul GorritiRaúl GorritiRaúl Enrique Gorriti Drago is a retired professional football midfielder from Peru. He competed for the Peru national football team at the 1978 FIFA World Cup and obtained a total number of 11 caps for his native country, scoring one goal, in the years 1976 to 1979.-See also:*1978 FIFA World Cup...
soccer player - Sebastian Monteghirfo actor
- René Gastelumendi journalist
- Marco Aurelio DenegriMarco Aurelio DenegriMarco Aurelio Denegri Santagadea is a Peruvian intellectual, critic of literature, sexologist and linguist. He studied in Colegio San Andrés, the former Anglo-Peruvian School....
writer - Maggie Martinelli gymnastic trainer
- Attilia Boschetti actress
- Ana Cecilia Natteri actress
- Enrique Ghersi politician, lawyer
- Juana Manuela GorritiJuana Manuela GorritiJuana Manuela Gorriti was an Argentine writer with extensive political and literary links to Bolivia and Peru.-Biography:Juana Manuela Gorriti was born in Salta near the Bolivian border. She came from a wealthy upper class family, and attended a convent school when she was eight...
writer - Manuel ScorzaManuel ScorzaManuel Scorza was an important Peruvian novelist, poet, and political activist, exiled under the regime of Manuel Odría. He was born in Lima....
novelist - Lucila Boggiano socialité
- Felipe Sassone writer
- Julio Marcone actor
- Mario Falcone actor
- Guido Gallia chef
- Julio Vento Senior Member IEEE
- Cristina AicardiCristina AicardiCristina Aicardi is a female badminton player from Peru.She played at the 2005 World Badminton Championships in Anaheim. In the women's singles event she lost in the first round to Elena Nozdran of Ukraine.-References:...
badminton player - Remigio Hernani Melone politician
- Aldo Salvini actor, tv series director
- Mario Bassino photographer
- Domenico Chiappe writer
- Mauricio Fernandini journalist