Jane Annie
Encyclopedia
Jane Annie, or The Good Conduct Prize is an opera
written in 1893 by J. M. Barrie
and Arthur Conan Doyle
, with music by Ernest Ford
, a conductor and occasional composer.
When the Gilbert and Sullivan
partnership disbanded after the production of The Gondoliers
in 1889, impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte
was forced to find new works to present at the Savoy Theatre. Barrie was then a journalist and a novelist with a few popular books to his credit. He had not yet created his classic Peter Pan, and his only stage productions included a biography that closed after one night, a parody of new-to-London Henrik Ibsen
, and in 1892 his first real success, Walker, London for Toole's Theatre.
Barrie brought his idea for Jane Annie to D'Oyly Carte, who suggested that Arthur Sullivan
collaborate with him, but Sullivan suggested his former pupil Ford, instead. Ford had composed several operettas, including the one-act Mr. Jericho
(premiered at the Savoy in 1893). Barrie did not finish the libretto, suffering a nervous breakdown. His friend Conan Doyle was already popular for his Sherlock Holmes mysteries. He finished the piece but was constrained by Barrie's earlier work.
, London, on 13 May 1893 and was an immediate failure there. Barrie and Doyle made revisions, but the piece closed after a run of only 50 performances, despite a strong cast that included such Savoy favourites as Rutland Barrington
, Walter Passmore
, Rosina Brandram
, Emmie Owen
, and Decima Moore
. The opera was the Savoy Theatre's first real flop.
Jane Annie closed at the Savoy on 1 July 1893 and went on tour to Bradford, Newcastle, Manchester and Birmingham, until 26 August 1893. The tour was far more successful than the show had been in London. Barrington, a life-long golf enthusiast, speculated that one reason for the failure of Jane Annie in London was that the game of golf was not yet popular there. Jane Annie has not been professionally revived.
Opera
Opera is an art form in which singers and musicians perform a dramatic work combining text and musical score, usually in a theatrical setting. Opera incorporates many of the elements of spoken theatre, such as acting, scenery, and costumes and sometimes includes dance...
written in 1893 by J. M. Barrie
J. M. Barrie
Sir James Matthew Barrie, 1st Baronet, OM was a Scottish author and dramatist, best remembered today as the creator of Peter Pan. The child of a family of small-town weavers, he was educated in Scotland. He moved to London, where he developed a career as a novelist and playwright...
and Arthur Conan Doyle
Arthur Conan Doyle
Sir Arthur Ignatius Conan Doyle DL was a Scottish physician and writer, most noted for his stories about the detective Sherlock Holmes, generally considered a milestone in the field of crime fiction, and for the adventures of Professor Challenger...
, with music by Ernest Ford
Ernest Ford
Ernest A. Claire Ford was an English composer of operas and ballet music and a conductor.-Life and career:Ford was born in Warminster, Wiltshire, England, the son of the vestry clerk and organist there. From 1868-73, he sang in the chorus at Salisbury Cathedral...
, a conductor and occasional composer.
When the Gilbert and Sullivan
Gilbert and Sullivan
Gilbert and Sullivan refers to the Victorian-era theatrical partnership of the librettist W. S. Gilbert and the composer Arthur Sullivan . The two men collaborated on fourteen comic operas between 1871 and 1896, of which H.M.S...
partnership disbanded after the production of The Gondoliers
The Gondoliers
The Gondoliers; or, The King of Barataria is a Savoy Opera, with music by Arthur Sullivan and libretto by W. S. Gilbert. It premiered at the Savoy Theatre on 7 December 1889 and ran for a very successful 554 performances , closing on 30 June 1891...
in 1889, impresario Richard D'Oyly Carte
Richard D'Oyly Carte
Richard D'Oyly Carte was an English talent agent, theatrical impresario, composer and hotelier during the latter half of the Victorian era...
was forced to find new works to present at the Savoy Theatre. Barrie was then a journalist and a novelist with a few popular books to his credit. He had not yet created his classic Peter Pan, and his only stage productions included a biography that closed after one night, a parody of new-to-London Henrik Ibsen
Henrik Ibsen
Henrik Ibsen was a major 19th-century Norwegian playwright, theatre director, and poet. He is often referred to as "the father of prose drama" and is one of the founders of Modernism in the theatre...
, and in 1892 his first real success, Walker, London for Toole's Theatre.
Barrie brought his idea for Jane Annie to D'Oyly Carte, who suggested that Arthur Sullivan
Arthur Sullivan
Sir Arthur Seymour Sullivan MVO was an English composer of Irish and Italian ancestry. He is best known for his series of 14 operatic collaborations with the dramatist W. S. Gilbert, including such enduring works as H.M.S. Pinafore, The Pirates of Penzance and The Mikado...
collaborate with him, but Sullivan suggested his former pupil Ford, instead. Ford had composed several operettas, including the one-act Mr. Jericho
Mr. Jericho
Mr. Jericho is a comic opera in one act with words by Harry Greenbank and music by Ernest Ford.The work was first performed at the Savoy Theatre, London, on 18 March 1893 as a curtain raiser to Arthur Sullivan's Haddon Hall in March and April 1893, and to Ford's Jane Annie in June and July 1893,...
(premiered at the Savoy in 1893). Barrie did not finish the libretto, suffering a nervous breakdown. His friend Conan Doyle was already popular for his Sherlock Holmes mysteries. He finished the piece but was constrained by Barrie's earlier work.
Productions
Jane Annie premiered at the Savoy TheatreSavoy Theatre
The Savoy Theatre is a West End theatre located in the Strand in the City of Westminster, London, England. The theatre opened on 10 October 1881 and was built by Richard D'Oyly Carte on the site of the old Savoy Palace as a showcase for the popular series of comic operas of Gilbert and Sullivan,...
, London, on 13 May 1893 and was an immediate failure there. Barrie and Doyle made revisions, but the piece closed after a run of only 50 performances, despite a strong cast that included such Savoy favourites as Rutland Barrington
Rutland Barrington
Rutland Barrington was an English singer, actor, comedian, and Edwardian musical comedy star. Best remembered for originating the lyric baritone roles in the Gilbert and Sullivan operas from 1877 to 1896, his performing career spanned more than four decades...
, Walter Passmore
Walter Passmore
Walter Henry Passmore was an English singer and actor best known as the first successor to George Grossmith in the comic baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company....
, Rosina Brandram
Rosina Brandram
Rosina Brandram was an English opera singer and actress primarily known for creating many of the contralto roles in the Savoy operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company....
, Emmie Owen
Emmie Owen
Emmie Owen was an English opera singer and actress, best known for her performances in soprano roles of the Savoy Operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company...
, and Decima Moore
Decima Moore
Lilian Decima, Lady Moore-Guggisberg, CBE , better known by her stage name Decima Moore, was an English singer and actress, known for her performances in soprano roles with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and in musical comedies. She was the youngest of ten siblings...
. The opera was the Savoy Theatre's first real flop.
Jane Annie closed at the Savoy on 1 July 1893 and went on tour to Bradford, Newcastle, Manchester and Birmingham, until 26 August 1893. The tour was far more successful than the show had been in London. Barrington, a life-long golf enthusiast, speculated that one reason for the failure of Jane Annie in London was that the game of golf was not yet popular there. Jane Annie has not been professionally revived.
Roles and original cast
- The Proctor, in love with Miss Sims (bass-baritoneBass-baritoneA bass-baritone is a high-lying bass or low-lying "classical" baritone voice type which shares certain qualities with the true baritone voice. The term arose in the late 19th century to describe the particular type of voice required to sing three Wagnerian roles: the Dutchman in Der fliegende...
) - Rutland BarringtonRutland BarringtonRutland Barrington was an English singer, actor, comedian, and Edwardian musical comedy star. Best remembered for originating the lyric baritone roles in the Gilbert and Sullivan operas from 1877 to 1896, his performing career spanned more than four decades...
What are Proctors and bulldogs?
The Proctor explains his role in his first song:
- I'll tell to you what 'tis we do,
- We stalk the undergrad.
- When he perceives our velvet sleeves,
- He runs away like mad.
- Then follow we by deputy,
- These men I now describe;
- My bulldogs sound pull him to ground,
- They never take a bribe.
- Sim, a bulldog (baritoneBaritoneBaritone is a type of male singing voice that lies between the bass and tenor voices. It is the most common male voice. Originally from the Greek , meaning deep sounding, music for this voice is typically written in the range from the second F below middle C to the F above middle C Baritone (or...
) - Lawrence Grindley - Greg, a bulldog (baritoneBaritoneBaritone is a type of male singing voice that lies between the bass and tenor voices. It is the most common male voice. Originally from the Greek , meaning deep sounding, music for this voice is typically written in the range from the second F below middle C to the F above middle C Baritone (or...
) - Walter PassmoreWalter PassmoreWalter Henry Passmore was an English singer and actor best known as the first successor to George Grossmith in the comic baritone roles in Gilbert and Sullivan operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company.... - Tom, a press student (tenorTenorThe tenor is a type of male singing voice and is the highest male voice within the modal register. The typical tenor voice lies between C3, the C one octave below middle C, to the A above middle C in choral music, and up to high C in solo work. The low extreme for tenors is roughly B2...
) - Charles KenninghamCharles KenninghamCharles Kenningham was an English opera singer best remembered for his roles in the 1890s with the D’Oyly Carte Opera Company.... - Jack, a soldier (baritoneBaritoneBaritone is a type of male singing voice that lies between the bass and tenor voices. It is the most common male voice. Originally from the Greek , meaning deep sounding, music for this voice is typically written in the range from the second F below middle C to the F above middle C Baritone (or...
) - R. Scott FisheR. Scott FisheRobert Scott Fishe was an English operatic baritone best remembered for creating roles in the 1890s with the D’Oyly Carte Opera Company.-Early career:... - Caddie, a page (trebleBoy sopranoA boy soprano is a young male singer with an unchanged voice in the soprano range. Although a treble, or choirboy, may also be considered to be a boy soprano, the more colloquial term boy soprano is generally only used for boys who sing, perform, or record as soloists, and who may not necessarily...
) - Harry Rignold - First Student (non-singing) - Bowden Haswell
- Second Student (non-singing) - Herbert Crimp
- Third Student (non-singing) - Sidwell Jones
- Miss Sims, the headmistress (contraltoContraltoContralto is the deepest female classical singing voice, with the lowest tessitura, falling between tenor and mezzo-soprano. It typically ranges between the F below middle C to the second G above middle C , although at the extremes some voices can reach the E below middle C or the second B above...
) - Rosina BrandramRosina BrandramRosina Brandram was an English opera singer and actress primarily known for creating many of the contralto roles in the Savoy operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company.... - Jane Annie, a good girl (mezzo-sopranoMezzo-sopranoA mezzo-soprano is a type of classical female singing voice whose range lies between the soprano and the contralto singing voices, usually extending from the A below middle C to the A two octaves above...
) - Dorothy Vane - Bab, a bad girl (sopranoSopranoA soprano is a voice type with a vocal range from approximately middle C to "high A" in choral music, or to "soprano C" or higher in operatic music. In four-part chorale style harmony, the soprano takes the highest part, which usually encompasses the melody...
) - Decima MooreDecima MooreLilian Decima, Lady Moore-Guggisberg, CBE , better known by her stage name Decima Moore, was an English singer and actress, known for her performances in soprano roles with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company and in musical comedies. She was the youngest of ten siblings... - Milly, an average girl (sopranoSopranoA soprano is a voice type with a vocal range from approximately middle C to "high A" in choral music, or to "soprano C" or higher in operatic music. In four-part chorale style harmony, the soprano takes the highest part, which usually encompasses the melody...
) - Florence PerryFlorence PerryFlorence Perry was an English opera singer and actress best known for her performances with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company.-Biography:... - Rose, another (mezzo-sopranoMezzo-sopranoA mezzo-soprano is a type of classical female singing voice whose range lies between the soprano and the contralto singing voices, usually extending from the A below middle C to the A two octaves above...
) - Emmie OwenEmmie OwenEmmie Owen was an English opera singer and actress, best known for her performances in soprano roles of the Savoy Operas with the D'Oyly Carte Opera Company... - Meg, another (non-singing) - José Shalders
- Maud, another (non-singing) - May Bell
- Jenny, another (non-speaking)
- Chorus of Schoolgirls, Press Students and Lancers
Note on Terminology:
A ProctorProctorProctor, a variant of the word procurator, is a person who takes charge of, or acts for, another. The word proctor is frequently used to describe someone who oversees an exam or dormitory.The title is used in England in three principal senses:...
is a senior member of the university staff responsible for discipline, including assigning fines, as well as general administration. Bulldogs are the nickname of the university police, the officials who act on the proctor's behalf. A page is a young servant, usually in his teens, with responsibility for minor household tasks.
Synopsis
Jane Annie is set at a girls' boarding school near a famous English university town (implied to be Oxford).
Act I: The first floor of "The Seminary for Little Things That Grow Into Women", Night.
The girls are bidding good night to each other when there is a knock at the front door. Miss Sims, the headmistress, shows three men into her study and plugs up the keyhole. Bab, a "bad girl", begins to tell the girls about a secret she has, but is interrupted by Jane Annie, the school's "good girl" tattletale, who promptly goes to tell Miss Sims what she heard. Bab hastily fills the other girls in on her plan to elope that night with Jack, a soldier. When Jane Annie returns with Miss Sims, Bab pretends her secret was how tired she was, and pretends to go to bed. Miss Sims introduces her guests as the Proctor and his bulldogs, who are at the school to capture a student who is "carrying on a flirtation". With the help of Miss Sims, after the girls retire for the night, the Proctor hides inside the grandfather clock, substituting his face for the clock face, and awaits his prey. Tom, a press (journalism) student from the university, enters through the window. He is another suitor of Bab's and meets with her, but she breaks off their relationship. The Proctor emerges from his hiding place and scares Tom back out the window. A moment later, a note is thrown through the window, and Bab suggests that it is from Miss Sims, who used to be the Proctor's sweetheart. As he departs, Jane Annie comes downstairs and lowers the lights, when Jack enters, in a cloak. He discovers he has addressed the wrong girl and drops the cloak as he runs.
Jane Annie disguises herself in the cloak and pretends to be Jack when Bab comes downstairs with her luggage. Bab faints into her arms, Jane Annie screams, and the whole house is alerted. The press studentsJournalism schoolA journalism school is a school or department, usually part of an established university, where journalists are trained. An increasingly used term for a journalism department, school or college is 'J-School'...
from the university, who have been following the Proctor to get a story out of him, are near enough to hear the scream, so they join the girls and Miss Sims in finding Bab in Jane Annie's arms, fainted from fright. Miss Sims sends the girls to their rooms (they remain on the balcony instead), and the Proctor enters furiously. The press students ambush him with an interview and they repeatedly misinterpret his statements and his attempted corrections, so he invents a story to avoid scandal. Greg and Sim announce that they caught someone - but he's not the undergraduate they were after. Jack appears, swearing revenge for false arrest, and Miss Sims decides to reward Jane Annie for foiling Bab's elopement. Jane Annie requests the Good Conduct Prize, and Miss Sims agrees. While Miss Sims is getting the prize, Jane Annie reveals that she has the powers of hypnotism, and, now that the Good Conduct Prize is safely hers, she is free to be as bad as she likes and will begin the very next day.
Act II: A golf course attached to the school. An arbour and small waterway visible.
The next day, which is the last day of the semester, Caddie, a young servant, is taking Bab out to the golf course to let her see what she is missing, since she is being punished by not being allowed to play. Jane Annie, in a moment alone with her, tells Bab that she has chosen one of Bab's suitors, Jack, for her lover, although she hasn't told him yet.
The girls enter, playing at the hole, and Miss Sims, hypnotised by Jane Annie, decides that some men may be admitted as part of their end-of-semester celebration. To liven things up further, she adds that the girls may assume the character of men. When she's alone with Jane Annie, Miss Sims says that she had the oddest dream of writing several letters that morning, which Caddie delivered. The result of letter one is quickly realised, when the press students arrive in cap and gown. They produce Miss Sims' letter, which she identifies as her writing. When the whiskey and soda arrive (letter number two!), Caddie smells a rat and threatens to tell on Jane Annie if he doesn't get a kiss from her.
The girls meet the press students, and since all the girls have decided to be men, the students become girls to oblige them. Just when the fun begins, the Proctor appears and scares off the real men. The girls continue their deception until the Proctor threatens to gate them all, and the girls drop their caps and gowns. Embarrassed, he fines himself a shilling, which Greg and Sim pay. Jack and the soldiers appear by Miss Sims' invitation, and more letters are revealed, to her annoyance. Jane Annie finds Jack and tells him that he will elope with her, something he'd rather not do. Tom and Jack meet face to face and insult each other's intelligence. They nonetheless prepare to run off together, but discover that Caddie has hidden the key to the boatshed. As they formulate their plan, Bab reconciles with Tom, finding Jack arrogant and too idealistic. The Proctor catches Bab in Tom's arms, but she uses her charms to weaken the Proctor's will. She eventually ties him up with her boa and locks him in the arbour.
The carriage has arrived to take the lovers away, but they can't cross the river without the boat. Jane Annie hypnotises Caddie, who has hidden the key in an undisclosed location on his person. When he gives up the key, Miss Sims catches them. Jane Annie hypnotizes her into giving her blessing, and then she hypnotizes the Proctor into paying for their expenses. Jack refuses to accompany Jane Annie, so she hypnotizes him as well, and he agrees to love her. The happy couples escape, and when the spell is broken, Miss Sims and the Proctor realise that a joke has been played on them, and their reputations are ruined. The Proctor attempts to get a moral out of it, but since he can't recall it, he suggests "you'd best go home without it". Caddie would suggest that the moral is "no more Good Conduct prizes", but the others don't allow him get a word in on the matter.
Critical and audience reception
At the opening night performance, the majority of the audience showed their disappointment. During the second act, Barrie and Doyle left their private box. Ford was applauded for his music, but the audience did not call for the authors. "Towards the end it became more and more apparent that the audience were getting rather bored, and the final verdict... was far from enthusiastic."
The critics generally condemned the opera, calling the authors to task for a boring story and criticising Ford for his highly derivative score. The Stage wrote that, "Dramatically, Jane Annie is simply a sketch of schoolgirl caprice and persistent waywardness". The paper lamented that the opera was funnier to read than to see on stage. The TimesThe TimesThe Times is a British daily national newspaper, first published in London in 1785 under the title The Daily Universal Register . The Times and its sister paper The Sunday Times are published by Times Newspapers Limited, a subsidiary since 1981 of News International...
had a more favourable view of the piece. The cast and crew were praised by some critics for their efforts at working such unworthy parts. "However hard [Moore] worked, she remained thoroughly embarrassed by the whole thing. As curtain-calls were being taken, she refused to come out of her dressing-room, though pit and gallery shouted for her for five minutes; and when at length the piece was taken on tour, she absolutely refused to go with it."
List of musical numbers
- Introduction
- Act I
- "Good night" (Milly and Girls)
- "I'm not a sneak for praise or pelf" (Jane Annie and Girls)
- "Bright-eyed Bab I used to be" (Bab, Miss Sims, Jane Annie and Girls)
- "There was a time when we were not...Name and college!" (Proctor with Bab, Miss Sims, Jane Annie, Sim and Greg)
- "Approach her thus" (Miss Sims, Proctor, Sim and Greg)
- "When a bulldog I became" (Greg and Sim)
- "It was the time of thistledown" (Tom)
- "What are the gifts that love may bring?" (Bab, Tom and Proctor)
- "Little maiden, pause and ponder" (Voices in the air)
- Act 1 Finale
- "Madam, do not think us rude in" (Press Students and Girls)
- "There once was a man in a seaside town" (Proctor and Chorus)
- "An officer I, strolling by" (Jack)
- "When I was a little piccaninny" (Jane Annie and Chorus)
- "Hail, Jane Annie, hail!" (Milly, Rose, Miss Sims, Caddie, Proctor, Sim, Greg and Chorus)
- Act 2
- Introduction..."A page boy am I" (Caddie and Bab)
- "To golf is staid for bashful maid" (Girls)
- "A girl again I seem to be" (Miss Sims)
- "Where the willows shade the river" (Press Students)
- "When I was a" (Sim and Greg)
- "We are conscious that we slightly condescend" (Jack and Soldiers)
- "You and I, dear Jack, will show" (Jane Annie, Jack and Chorus)
- Ballet
- "Last night when we were forced to part" (Bab and Tom)
- "I'm a man of erudition" (Proctor and Bab)
- "You're now a sentimental maid" (Jane Annie, Miss Sims, Bab, Tom, Jack, Proctor and Chorus)
- "The moral of this story is" (Milly, Miss Sims, Proctor and Chorus)
External links