Jixi
Encyclopedia
Jixi is a city in eastern Heilongjiang Province in the People's Republic of China
. At the 2010 census, 1,862,161 people resided within its administrative area of 22,351 square kilometers and 757,647 in its built up area made of 4 out of 6 urban districts (including Jiguan, Didao
, Hengshan
and Chengzihe
). Jixi is on Muling River
about 30 km from the border with Russia
and 120 km from Khanka Lake
. The mayor of Jixi is Zhu Deyi (朱德义) since July 2009. The area is one of the important coal mining
base in China. A crater on asteroid 253 Mathilde
, whose craters have been named after several famous coalfields from across the world, was named after the city.
people. By the Shang Dynasty
, dwellers here had began to communicated with people in Central Plain. It was in the Han Dynasty
that primitive agriculture in this region had made a great progress. During the Tang Dynasty
, Jixi was under the control of the Balhae
. As the Manchu
conquered the territories occupied by the Ming Dynasty
in 1644, the basin of the Amur River was blocked in order to protect the Manchu
people's place of origin. In this period, the population of the Jixi region experienced a sharp decrease. In 1662, the Kangxi Emperor set Ninguta General to dominate the territory. Since a large number of people engaged in reclaiming wasteland and collecting ginseng
, Jixi and the whole Ussuri River
basin became the base of medicinal materials gradually.
In the second half of 19th century, as Czarist Russia advanced through Siberia
and reached the Sea of Okhotsk
, the Qing officials like General Tepuqin (特普欽) made a proposal to open Manchuria for farming in order to oppose the conquest of Russia, and so the Qing government forsook the policy of blockading on the Northeast region of China. A large number of the Han Chinese
, especially from the Shandong Peninsula and Zhili
, migrated into Manchuria
. The Qing government set up Mishan
Prefecture in this territory in 1908. Coal
resources was discovered constantly in Jixi during this period. In September 1914, a merchant named Yuan Dazhang(袁大章) from Mukden was approved to set up the Mixi Coal Mine Company, which represents the regular production of coal in Jixi. However, construction of Chinese Eastern Railway
one of provisions bringed a nucleus of Russian Jews to northen Manchuria. In January 1924, Muling Coal Mine Corporation was operated jointly by the Jewish Solomon L. Skidelsky and Jilin Province government. The headquarter of the company was in Ashihe Street, Nangang District, Harbin. The output of Muling Colliery has reached 1.6 million tons in 1931. Since The Japanese invasion of Manchuria began on September 19, 1931, the whole Manchuria was seized by Japan following the Mukden Incident and in 1932, a sympathetic government, Manchukuo
, was established. the Jixi region became a colony of the Japanese
. On December 15, 1935, Jixi Railway Station's construction was completed by South Manchuria Railway
(SMR). On September 1, 1941, the Manchukuo
government established Jining(鶏寧) County, which means peaceful and safety. The first mayor of the county was Kubota Yutaka(久保田 豊). The Japanese settlers totally slaughtered more than 100 thousand miners in Jixi mining area, leving several mass graves in Didao. On August 9 ,1945, Togashi Ichiro(冨樫 一郎), the conductor of Didao
Colliery, ordered to destroy the coalpits in Hengshan
, Didao
and Muling as the Soviet Red Army
closed in.
Province as the Songjiang Province became part of Heilongjiang province.
During the First Five-Year Plan of China, several industrial projects including Chengzihe no.9 subvertical and the Chengzihe Coal Washery were constructed. By 1956, the population of Jixi had reached 234,154, and the output of coal rose to 5 million tons per year. On December 18, 1956, the State Council of China decided to set up Jixi City (Prefectural-Level) instead of Jixi County, administering 5 districts including Jiguan, Didao
, Mashan
, Hengshan
and Lishu
. On March 7, Jixi City was formally established. In 1970, Chengzihe District was established. In 1983, Jidong County
was put under Jixi's administration. The coal-mining industry was developing rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s. By 1991, the total coal output of Jixi ranked second in the Chinese Mainland. In the 1980s, Mishan and Hulin
were incorporated into Jixi's jurisdiction. Jixi has reached its current domain.
and the Wanda Mountains. The total area of the prefecture is 22351 sqkm. Within its borders, Khanka Lake
is the largest lake with an area of 4380 sqkm, while the Muling River
, Songacha River
and the Ussuri River
are the largest rivers in the prefecture.
reserves of Jixi is amount to 780 million tons, ranking first in Asia. With the Khanka Lake being shared with Russia and the Muling River running through the city, Chinese medicinal herbs and freshwater resources are also rich.
-influenced, humid continental climate
(Köppen
Dwa/Dwb), with bitter but dry winters, and warm, humid summers. However, due to the relative proximity to the Sea of Japan
, summer is comparatively cool and refreshing. Monthly averages range from −16.7 °C in January to 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 4 °C (39.2 °F). Sunny weather dominates year-round, even in summer, where most of the year's precipitation occurs.
The prefecture-level city of Jixi has direct jurisdiction over 6 districts (区 qu), 2 county-level cities (市 shi) and 1 county (县 xian):
to Mudanjiang and has branch lines running to the Russian border areas. In Jixi Railway Station, there are multiple daily departures to other cities in China such as Beijing
, Harbin, Qiqihar
and Mudanjiang. Jixi is also famous for its last remaining working steam locomotive in China, which attracts photographers from all over the world to take photos of steam locomotive.
, the Fangzheng-Hulin Highway and the busiest section in the city, the Jixi-Hulin-Jiansanjiang Expressway. This section connects the four major districts in Jixi including Jiguan District, Jidong, Mishan and Hulin.
Statistically, Jixi's GDP reached RMB 41.95 billion in 2010, representing a steady growth of 16.1% from a year earlier, ranked seventh among the 13 prefectures and prefecture-level cities in the province. In 2010, value-added industrial output generated by enterprises with designated size or above rose 42.6% to RMB 9.51 billion. In 2010, the foreign trade value of Jixi totaled US$710.01 million, up 41.7% year on year. Russia is the largest export destination.
The most important pillar industry in Jixi is coal mining. The economy of Jixi is mainly constructed round rich coal resources. Coal chemical industry, metallurgy and machinery are predominant. environmental protection industry, agriculture and tourist industry are also developing rapidly in recent years. However, Coal Economics still accounts for the main part of the entire economy system. Other pillar industries in Jixi include pharmaceuticals, food manufacturing, non-metal products and electricity production and supply. Large industrial companies are hosted in Jixi such as Huawei Wood and Heilongjiang Rixin Food, which is mainly engaged in edible fungus processing. The food company has annual processing capacity of 2,500 tons of edible fungus.
A few hours east of the city within the Jixi administrative region is the Russian lake and river border, a number of points along which are popular summer destinations for tourists, in particular:
is a largest tributary of Amur River(Heilongjiang River) on its right and an important boundary river between China and Russia. The length of Ussuri River is 905 km, with drainage area of 187,000 square kilometers. The river goes through the valley between the Wanda Mountains in China and the Sichote-Alin in Russia. Its beauty and natural landscapes are incomparable in China and it is among the few unpolluted rivers in China.
took place successively in large-scale armed conflict, which is a contradiction between the long-term friction between the Soviet Union by the Soviet side provoked a collision point. Now it has become a Nature Reserve and a National Forest Park.
, Hubei
Zhaoqing
, Guangdong
Xiamen
, Fujian
Changsha, Hunan
Anshan, Liaoning
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. At the 2010 census, 1,862,161 people resided within its administrative area of 22,351 square kilometers and 757,647 in its built up area made of 4 out of 6 urban districts (including Jiguan, Didao
Didao District
Didao District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China....
, Hengshan
Hengshan District
Hengshan District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China....
and Chengzihe
Chengzihe District
Chengzihe District is a district of Jixi, Heilongjiang, China....
). Jixi is on Muling River
Muling River
Muling or Muren is a river in Northeast China, a left tributary of Ussuri River.Its length is 577 km long, basin area is approximately 18,500 km². Jixi and Hulin are located on Muling River....
about 30 km from the border with Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
and 120 km from Khanka Lake
Khanka Lake
Khanka Lake , is a transboundary freshwater body located on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and Heilongjiang province, Northeast China . At its closest point, it is situated east of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang...
. The mayor of Jixi is Zhu Deyi (朱德义) since July 2009. The area is one of the important coal mining
Coal mining
The goal of coal mining is to obtain coal from the ground. Coal is valued for its energy content, and since the 1880s has been widely used to generate electricity. Steel and cement industries use coal as a fuel for extraction of iron from iron ore and for cement production. In the United States,...
base in China. A crater on asteroid 253 Mathilde
253 Mathilde
253 Mathilde is a main-belt asteroid about 50 km in diameter that was discovered by Johann Palisa in 1885. It has a relatively elliptical orbit that requires more than four years to circle the Sun. This asteroid has an unusually slow rate of rotation, requiring 17.4 days to complete a...
, whose craters have been named after several famous coalfields from across the world, was named after the city.
Ancient times
Jixi was a nomadic area of the Jurchen and GoguryeoGoguryeo
Goguryeo or Koguryŏ was an ancient Korean kingdom located in present day northern and central parts of the Korean Peninsula, southern Manchuria, and southern Russian Maritime province....
people. By the Shang Dynasty
Shang Dynasty
The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley...
, dwellers here had began to communicated with people in Central Plain. It was in the Han Dynasty
Han Dynasty
The Han Dynasty was the second imperial dynasty of China, preceded by the Qin Dynasty and succeeded by the Three Kingdoms . It was founded by the rebel leader Liu Bang, known posthumously as Emperor Gaozu of Han. It was briefly interrupted by the Xin Dynasty of the former regent Wang Mang...
that primitive agriculture in this region had made a great progress. During the Tang Dynasty
Tang Dynasty
The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
, Jixi was under the control of the Balhae
Balhae
Balhae was a Manchurian kingdom established after the fall of Goguryeo. After Goguryeo's capital and southern territories fell to Unified Silla, Dae Jo-yeong, a Mohe general, whose father was Dae Jung-sang, established Jin , later called Balhae.Balhae occupied southern parts of Manchuria and...
. As the Manchu
Manchu
The Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which...
conquered the territories occupied by the Ming Dynasty
Ming Dynasty
The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
in 1644, the basin of the Amur River was blocked in order to protect the Manchu
Manchu
The Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which...
people's place of origin. In this period, the population of the Jixi region experienced a sharp decrease. In 1662, the Kangxi Emperor set Ninguta General to dominate the territory. Since a large number of people engaged in reclaiming wasteland and collecting ginseng
Ginseng
Ginseng is any one of eleven species of slow-growing perennial plants with fleshy roots, belonging to the genus Panax of the family Araliaceae....
, Jixi and the whole Ussuri River
Ussuri River
The Usuri ula is a river in the south of the Outer Manchuria and east of Inner Manchuria . It rises in the Sikhote-Alin range, flowing north, forming part of the Sino-Russian border based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking in 1860, until it joins the Amur River at Khabarovsk . It is...
basin became the base of medicinal materials gradually.
Early modern period
Siberia
Siberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
and reached the Sea of Okhotsk
Sea of Okhotsk
The Sea of Okhotsk is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, lying between the Kamchatka Peninsula on the east, the Kuril Islands on the southeast, the island of Hokkaidō to the far south, the island of Sakhalin along the west, and a long stretch of eastern Siberian coast along the west and...
, the Qing officials like General Tepuqin (特普欽) made a proposal to open Manchuria for farming in order to oppose the conquest of Russia, and so the Qing government forsook the policy of blockading on the Northeast region of China. A large number of the Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
, especially from the Shandong Peninsula and Zhili
Zhili
Zhílì was a northern province in China from the Ming Dynasty until the province was dissolved in 1928 during the Republic of China era.-History:...
, migrated into Manchuria
Manchuria
Manchuria is a historical name given to a large geographic region in northeast Asia. Depending on the definition of its extent, Manchuria usually falls entirely within the People's Republic of China, or is sometimes divided between China and Russia. The region is commonly referred to as Northeast...
. The Qing government set up Mishan
Mishan
Mishan is a Chinese city in the province of Heilongjiang. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jixi.- Early medieval history :...
Prefecture in this territory in 1908. Coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
resources was discovered constantly in Jixi during this period. In September 1914, a merchant named Yuan Dazhang(袁大章) from Mukden was approved to set up the Mixi Coal Mine Company, which represents the regular production of coal in Jixi. However, construction of Chinese Eastern Railway
Chinese Eastern Railway
The Chinese Eastern Railway or was a railway in northeastern China . It connected Chita and the Russian Far East. English-speakers have sometimes referred to this line as the Manchurian Railway...
one of provisions bringed a nucleus of Russian Jews to northen Manchuria. In January 1924, Muling Coal Mine Corporation was operated jointly by the Jewish Solomon L. Skidelsky and Jilin Province government. The headquarter of the company was in Ashihe Street, Nangang District, Harbin. The output of Muling Colliery has reached 1.6 million tons in 1931. Since The Japanese invasion of Manchuria began on September 19, 1931, the whole Manchuria was seized by Japan following the Mukden Incident and in 1932, a sympathetic government, Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Manchukuo or Manshū-koku was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy. The region was the historical homeland of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Empire in China...
, was established. the Jixi region became a colony of the Japanese
Japanese people
The are an ethnic group originating in the Japanese archipelago and are the predominant ethnic group of Japan. Worldwide, approximately 130 million people are of Japanese descent; of these, approximately 127 million are residents of Japan. People of Japanese ancestry who live in other countries...
. On December 15, 1935, Jixi Railway Station's construction was completed by South Manchuria Railway
South Manchuria Railway
The , and operated within China in the Japanese-controlled South Manchuria Railway Zone. The railway itself ran from Lüshun Port at the southern tip of the Liaodong Peninsula to Harbin, where it connected to the Chinese Eastern Railway.-History:...
(SMR). On September 1, 1941, the Manchukuo
Manchukuo
Manchukuo or Manshū-koku was a puppet state in Manchuria and eastern Inner Mongolia, governed under a form of constitutional monarchy. The region was the historical homeland of the Manchus, who founded the Qing Empire in China...
government established Jining(鶏寧) County, which means peaceful and safety. The first mayor of the county was Kubota Yutaka(久保田 豊). The Japanese settlers totally slaughtered more than 100 thousand miners in Jixi mining area, leving several mass graves in Didao. On August 9 ,1945, Togashi Ichiro(冨樫 一郎), the conductor of Didao
Didao District
Didao District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China....
Colliery, ordered to destroy the coalpits in Hengshan
Hengshan District
Hengshan District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China....
, Didao
Didao District
Didao District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China....
and Muling as the Soviet Red Army
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army started out as the Soviet Union's revolutionary communist combat groups during the Russian Civil War of 1918-1922. It grew into the national army of the Soviet Union. By the 1930s the Red Army was among the largest armies in history.The "Red Army" name refers to...
closed in.
Modern era
On August 12, 1945, the Soviet Army captured Jining County, and the Military Headquarter commanded the Jixi mining area to resume production. On October 18, 1947, Jixi Mining Bereau was founded in order to control the collieries and the Coal Mine Machinery Factory. On July 30, 1949, the Northeast Executive Committee allowed Jining County to change its name to Jixi County, which was administered by Songjiang Province. On June 19, 1954, Jixi County was administered by HeilongjiangHeilongjiang
For the river known in Mandarin as Heilong Jiang, see Amur River' is a province of the People's Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. "Heilongjiang" literally means Black Dragon River, which is the Chinese name for the Amur. The one-character abbreviation is 黑...
Province as the Songjiang Province became part of Heilongjiang province.
During the First Five-Year Plan of China, several industrial projects including Chengzihe no.9 subvertical and the Chengzihe Coal Washery were constructed. By 1956, the population of Jixi had reached 234,154, and the output of coal rose to 5 million tons per year. On December 18, 1956, the State Council of China decided to set up Jixi City (Prefectural-Level) instead of Jixi County, administering 5 districts including Jiguan, Didao
Didao District
Didao District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China....
, Mashan
Mashan District
Mashan District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of the Jixi city....
, Hengshan
Hengshan District
Hengshan District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China....
and Lishu
Lishu District
Lishu District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China....
. On March 7, Jixi City was formally established. In 1970, Chengzihe District was established. In 1983, Jidong County
Jidong County
Jidong County is a county of southeastern Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. It is under the administration of Jixi City and is the location of Jixi Xingkaihu Airport....
was put under Jixi's administration. The coal-mining industry was developing rapidly during the 1970s and 1980s. By 1991, the total coal output of Jixi ranked second in the Chinese Mainland. In the 1980s, Mishan and Hulin
Hulin
Hulin is a city on the Muling River in southeastern Heilongjiang province, Northeast China. With a population of around 200,000, it is under the administration of Jixi. Nearby are Khanka Lake, to the southwest, the Usuri River, which forms the Russian border to the east...
were incorporated into Jixi's jurisdiction. Jixi has reached its current domain.
Topography
Jixi is located at the southern edge of the Sanjiang or Three Rivers Plain. Much of the prefecture area sits within the conjunction region between Changbai MountainBaekdu Mountain
Baekdu Mountain, also known in China as Changbai Mountain and Baitou Mountain , is a volcanic mountain on the border between North Korea and China, located at...
and the Wanda Mountains. The total area of the prefecture is 22351 sqkm. Within its borders, Khanka Lake
Khanka Lake
Khanka Lake , is a transboundary freshwater body located on the border between Primorsky Krai, Russia and Heilongjiang province, Northeast China . At its closest point, it is situated east of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang...
is the largest lake with an area of 4380 sqkm, while the Muling River
Muling River
Muling or Muren is a river in Northeast China, a left tributary of Ussuri River.Its length is 577 km long, basin area is approximately 18,500 km². Jixi and Hulin are located on Muling River....
, Songacha River
Songacha River
The Songacha or Sungacha River is a river marking part of the border between the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. It is a tributary of the Ussuri River, and the only outflow of Khanka Lake....
and the Ussuri River
Ussuri River
The Usuri ula is a river in the south of the Outer Manchuria and east of Inner Manchuria . It rises in the Sikhote-Alin range, flowing north, forming part of the Sino-Russian border based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking in 1860, until it joins the Amur River at Khabarovsk . It is...
are the largest rivers in the prefecture.
Mineral resources
Jixi is estimated to have about 8 billion tons of coal reserves, ranking 2nd out of 13 prefectures and prefecture-level cities in Heilongjiang Province. The graphiteGraphite
The mineral graphite is one of the allotropes of carbon. It was named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789 from the Ancient Greek γράφω , "to draw/write", for its use in pencils, where it is commonly called lead . Unlike diamond , graphite is an electrical conductor, a semimetal...
reserves of Jixi is amount to 780 million tons, ranking first in Asia. With the Khanka Lake being shared with Russia and the Muling River running through the city, Chinese medicinal herbs and freshwater resources are also rich.
Climate
Jixi has a monsoonMonsoon
Monsoon is traditionally defined as a seasonal reversing wind accompanied by corresponding changes in precipitation, but is now used to describe seasonal changes in atmospheric circulation and precipitation associated with the asymmetric heating of land and sea...
-influenced, humid continental climate
Humid continental climate
A humid continental climate is a climatic region typified by large seasonal temperature differences, with warm to hot summers and cold winters....
(Köppen
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
Dwa/Dwb), with bitter but dry winters, and warm, humid summers. However, due to the relative proximity to the Sea of Japan
Sea of Japan
The Sea of Japan is a marginal sea of the western Pacific Ocean, between the Asian mainland, the Japanese archipelago and Sakhalin. It is bordered by Japan, North Korea, Russia and South Korea. Like the Mediterranean Sea, it has almost no tides due to its nearly complete enclosure from the Pacific...
, summer is comparatively cool and refreshing. Monthly averages range from −16.7 °C in January to 21.8 °C (71.2 °F) in July, with an annual mean of 4 °C (39.2 °F). Sunny weather dominates year-round, even in summer, where most of the year's precipitation occurs.
Administrative divisions and population
List of Districts and zones in JixiThe prefecture-level city of Jixi has direct jurisdiction over 6 districts (区 qu), 2 county-level cities (市 shi) and 1 county (县 xian):
| # | Name | Hanzi | Hanyu Pinyin | Population (2003 est.) | Area (km2) | Density (/km2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jiguan District Jiguan District Jiguan District is a district and the seat of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.... |
鸡冠区 | Jīguān Qū | 331,814 | 144 | 2,292 |
| 2 | Hengshan District Hengshan District Hengshan District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.... |
恒山区 | Héngshān Qū | 173,545 | 587 | 307 |
| 3 | Didao District Didao District Didao District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang province, People's Republic of China.... |
滴道区 | Dīdào Qū | 117,735 | 515 | 233 |
| 4 | Lishu District Lishu District Lishu District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China.... |
梨树区 | Líshù Qū | 89,025 | 396 | 227 |
| 5 | Chengzihe District Chengzihe District Chengzihe District is a district of Jixi, Heilongjiang, China.... |
城子河区 | Chéngzǐhé Qū | 140,885 | 181 | 829 |
| 6 | Mashan District Mashan District Mashan District is a district of the city of Jixi, Heilongjiang, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of the Jixi city.... |
麻山区 | Máshān Qū | 36,624 | 411 | 97 |
| 7 | Hulin City Hulin Hulin is a city on the Muling River in southeastern Heilongjiang province, Northeast China. With a population of around 200,000, it is under the administration of Jixi. Nearby are Khanka Lake, to the southwest, the Usuri River, which forms the Russian border to the east... |
虎林市 | Hǔlín Shì | 293,760 | 9,329 | 32 |
| 8 | Mishan City Mishan Mishan is a Chinese city in the province of Heilongjiang. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Jixi.- Early medieval history :... |
密山市 | Mìshān Shì | 432,229 | 7,724 | 56 |
| 9 | Jidong County Jidong County Jidong County is a county of southeastern Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China. It is under the administration of Jixi City and is the location of Jixi Xingkaihu Airport.... |
鸡东县 | Jīdōng Xiàn | 295,415 | 3,753 | 80 |
Nationality
The 2000 national survey ethnic composition proportion| Nationality | Population | Ratio |
|---|---|---|
| Han Chinese Han Chinese Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the... |
1,852,345 | 95.19% |
| Korean | 50,580 | 2.6% |
| Manchu Manchu The Manchu people or Man are an ethnic minority of China who originated in Manchuria . During their rise in the 17th century, with the help of the Ming dynasty rebels , they came to power in China and founded the Qing Dynasty, which ruled China until the Xinhai Revolution of 1911, which... |
33,512 | 1.7% |
| Mongol | 4,184 | 0.22% |
| Hui Hui people The Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's... |
3,270 | 0.17% |
| Miao Miao people The Miao or ม้ง ; ) is an ethnic group recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the 55 official minority groups. Miao is a Chinese term and does not reflect the self-designations of the component nations of people, which include Hmong, Hmu, A Hmao, and Kho Xiong... |
408 | 0.02% |
| Xibe Xibe The Xibe or Sibo are a Tungusic ethnic group living mostly in northeast China and Xinjiang. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.- History :... |
356 | 0.02% |
| Zhuang | 308 | 0.02% |
| Tujia | 229 | 0.01% |
| Else | 865 | 0.05% |
Railway
Jixi is linked by rail to the line from JiamusiJiamusi
Jiamusi is a prefecture-level city in the province of Heilongjiang, in the People's Republic of China. Located on the riverside of the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, It faces Russia across the Ussuri River and the Heilongjiang River...
to Mudanjiang and has branch lines running to the Russian border areas. In Jixi Railway Station, there are multiple daily departures to other cities in China such as Beijing
Beijing
Beijing , also known as Peking , is the capital of the People's Republic of China and one of the most populous cities in the world, with a population of 19,612,368 as of 2010. The city is the country's political, cultural, and educational center, and home to the headquarters for most of China's...
, Harbin, Qiqihar
Qiqihar
- Subdivisions :Qiqihar is divided into 16 divisions: 7 districts , 8 counties and 1 county-level city .-Economy:...
and Mudanjiang. Jixi is also famous for its last remaining working steam locomotive in China, which attracts photographers from all over the world to take photos of steam locomotive.
Highway
Jixi is linked to the national highway network through the G11 Hegang–Dalian ExpresswayG11 Hegang–Dalian Expressway
The Hegang–Dalian Expressway , commonly referred to as the Heda Expressway is an expressway that connects the cities of Hegang, Heilongjiang, China, and Dalian, Liaoning. When fully complete, it will be in length....
, the Fangzheng-Hulin Highway and the busiest section in the city, the Jixi-Hulin-Jiansanjiang Expressway. This section connects the four major districts in Jixi including Jiguan District, Jidong, Mishan and Hulin.
Air
Jixi Xingkaihu(Khanka Lake in English) Airport (simplified Chinese: 鸡西兴凯湖机场; traditional Chinese:雞西興凱湖機場) opened in 2009 and serves as the main civilian airport for Jixi. It takes about 30 minutes to reach downtown from the airport. Domestic flights are available to several cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Harbin and Qingdao.Economy
- GDP and economic data
Statistically, Jixi's GDP reached RMB 41.95 billion in 2010, representing a steady growth of 16.1% from a year earlier, ranked seventh among the 13 prefectures and prefecture-level cities in the province. In 2010, value-added industrial output generated by enterprises with designated size or above rose 42.6% to RMB 9.51 billion. In 2010, the foreign trade value of Jixi totaled US$710.01 million, up 41.7% year on year. Russia is the largest export destination.
- Economic Features
The most important pillar industry in Jixi is coal mining. The economy of Jixi is mainly constructed round rich coal resources. Coal chemical industry, metallurgy and machinery are predominant. environmental protection industry, agriculture and tourist industry are also developing rapidly in recent years. However, Coal Economics still accounts for the main part of the entire economy system. Other pillar industries in Jixi include pharmaceuticals, food manufacturing, non-metal products and electricity production and supply. Large industrial companies are hosted in Jixi such as Huawei Wood and Heilongjiang Rixin Food, which is mainly engaged in edible fungus processing. The food company has annual processing capacity of 2,500 tons of edible fungus.
Tourism
Tourist sites in Jixi City itself include Jixi Museum in the west end of the city and Huayan Temple (华严寺) which almost faces the museum across Wenhua Road. Within roughly an hour's drive is the Qi Lin Shan (麒麟山) scenic area.A few hours east of the city within the Jixi administrative region is the Russian lake and river border, a number of points along which are popular summer destinations for tourists, in particular:
Hutou Fortress
Hutou Fortress is the military base of Japan's Kwantung Army in northeast China on the Sino-Soviet border which is known as "Oriental Maginot Line". The Japanese built a large scale military fortress in Hutou since it is regarded as a dagger facing the defense between Vladivostok and Ussurisk by the header of Kwantung Army. On August 26th, 1945, the Soviet Red Army finally captured the Fort. As the Hutou battle ended, Japan's unconditional surrender came 11 days later. Only 53 of the 1,400 Japanese soldiers survived. It was signed about "The end of World War II".Ussuri River
Ussuri RiverUssuri River
The Usuri ula is a river in the south of the Outer Manchuria and east of Inner Manchuria . It rises in the Sikhote-Alin range, flowing north, forming part of the Sino-Russian border based on the Sino-Russian Convention of Peking in 1860, until it joins the Amur River at Khabarovsk . It is...
is a largest tributary of Amur River(Heilongjiang River) on its right and an important boundary river between China and Russia. The length of Ussuri River is 905 km, with drainage area of 187,000 square kilometers. The river goes through the valley between the Wanda Mountains in China and the Sichote-Alin in Russia. Its beauty and natural landscapes are incomparable in China and it is among the few unpolluted rivers in China.
Zhenbao Island
Zhenbao Island stands for the Island of Treasure in Chinese Language. On March 2, 1969, Sino-Soviet Zhenbao IslandZhenbao Island
Zhenbao Island or Damansky Island is a small island measuring . It is located on the Ussuri River on the border between Russia and the People's Republic of China ....
took place successively in large-scale armed conflict, which is a contradiction between the long-term friction between the Soviet Union by the Soviet side provoked a collision point. Now it has become a Nature Reserve and a National Forest Park.
Influence of ethnic Koreans
The Jixi region is known for its Korean ethnic minority. Cold Noodle (Naengmyeon in Korean, Leng Mian in Chinese), a traditional Korean dish made from wheat or buckwheat, is particularly associated with Jixi. The contemporary dish is a fusion of Korean and Northeastern Chinese flavors and derives its name from its distinctly cold taste. The noodles are often served with dried bean curd, Campanulaceae, and Pollack, amongst other ingredients. Also consumed by locals is Korean-style dog meat and fish-kettle.Domestic
ShiyanShiyan
Shiyan is a prefecture-level city in northwestern Hubei province, People's Republic of China.-Geography:The Wudang Mountains run approximately east-west through the territory of the "Prefecture-level city" of Shiyan, crossing several of its county-level divisions...
, Hubei
Hubei
' Hupeh) is a province in Central China. The name of the province means "north of the lake", referring to its position north of Lake Dongting...
Zhaoqing
Zhaoqing
Zhaoqing is a prefecture-level city of Guangdong province in southern China.-Geography:Zhaoqing is located 110 km northwest of Guangzhou, in the west Pearl River Delta. It lies on the north shores of the Xijiang River, which is flows from west to east, and opposite of Gaoyao...
, Guangdong
Guangdong
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...
Xiamen
Xiamen
Xiamen , also known as Amoy , is a major city on the southeast coast of the People's Republic of China. It is administered as a sub-provincial city of Fujian province with an area of and population of 3.53 million...
, Fujian
Fujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...
Changsha, Hunan
Hunan
' is a province of South-Central China, located to the south of the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting...
Anshan, Liaoning
Liaoning
' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"...