Konrad I of Olesnica
Encyclopedia
Konrad I of Oleśnica (ca. 1294 – 22 December 1366) was a Duke of Żagań
, Ścinawa
, etc., during 1309–1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), Duke of Oleśnica
, Namysłów, Gniezno
and Kalisz
during 1312–1313 (with his brother as co-ruler), Duke of Kalisz during 1313–1314 (alone), Duke of Namysłów since 1313 (alone) and Duke of Oleśnica since 1321 until his death (alone).
He was the second son of Henry III (I)
, Duke of Głogów, by his wife Matilda
, daughter of Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
.
until 1312.
Despite his minority, on 3 March 1310 in Berlin
, Konrad I was present alongside with his brothers Henry IV and Bolesław, when they solemnly renounced to their rights over Gdańsk Pomerania
to Brandenburg in exchange to a monetary compensation. In order to have good relations with the House of Ascania, they pledge the towns of Krosno Odrzańskie
and Żagań
to them (they will recover these territories in 1319).
On 29 February 1312, was made the formal division of the Duchy. Konrad I and Bolesław obtained as co-rulers the eastern part of the Duchy (Oleśnica
, Namysłów and Kluczbork
), and the regions of Kalisz
and Gniezno
. Henry IV, Jan and Przemko II retained the regions of Ścinawa
, Żagań
and Greater Poland
. Their mother Matilda kept Głogów as her Oprawa wdowia. One year later, in 1313, Konrad I and Bolesław decided to divide their own domains: Konrad I received Namysłów and Kalisz.
The situation of Henry III's sons was precarious. In 1313, Konrad I lost Kalisz after a revolt of the nobility. The same year, the Dukes of Legnica obtained Uraz
. In 1314, supported by the local nobility who opposes to territorial division of Henry III, Władysław I the Elbow-high take almost all Greater Poland
.
In 1321, when his brother Bolesław died without issue, Konrad I inherited Oleśnica. While Władysław I the Elbow-high and Bolesław III the Generous engaged in looting in the territory of the Duchy of Oleśnica (from 1321 to 1323), Konrad married with Elisabeth, daughter of Henry VI the Good
, removing any threat from Duchy of Wrocław.
A peace treaty with Władysław I and Bolesław III was concluded in Kraków
on 10 August 1323. Konrad I received Wołów, Lubiąż
and Smogorzów
, but in exchange was forced to give Namysłów to Bolesław III. In 1328, he paid homage to King John of Bohemia.
In summer 1343, King Casimir III the Great of Poland
launched an attack against Konrad I, Jan of Ścinawa
and Henry V of Iron
. Konrad I inflicted defeated the Polish army which was in the walls of Oleśnica and concludes a peace treaty with King Casimir III. In 1345, Conrad and his nephew Henry V trying unsuccessfully to recover Wschowa
from Poland. In retaliation, the King of Poland launches an attack against the Duchy of Oleśnica.
In 1355 Konrad I took control over the Duchy of Koźle (Kosel)
. On 8 December 1357, the Duchy of Bytom (Beuthen)
was divided between him and Duke Casimir I of Cieszyn
. The following year, he bought Milicz
to the Bishopric of Wrocław.
In 1361, after the death of Jan de Ścinawa, Konrad I and Henry V entered in a dispute over his inheritance. The conflict was resolved in 1365 through the mediation of Ludwik I the Fair
, Duke of Brzeg
.
Konrad I died on 22 December 1366 and was buried in the Chapel of St. Hedwig in the monastery of Trzebnica
.
, Duke of Wrocław. They had no children.
By 2 March 1333 Konrad I married secondly with Euphemia (b. 1313? - d. 3 January 1378), daughter of Władysław
, Duke of Koźle
-Bytom
. They had two children:
Zagan
Zagan may refer to:*Zagan - a demon in the Ars Goetia*Żagań - a town in west Poland...
, Ścinawa
Scinawa
Ścinawa is a town and municipality on the Oder river in the Lower Silesian region of Poland. The town features a number of historic monuments including city hall and the town church . The Ścinawa train station is a key gateway for travel throughout the region, connecting major destinations such...
, etc., during 1309–1312 (with his brothers as co-rulers), Duke of Oleśnica
Olesnica
Oleśnica is a town in the Trzebnickie Hills in southwestern Poland with 36,951 inhabitants . It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship...
, Namysłów, Gniezno
Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 70,000 people. One of the Piasts' chief cities, it was mentioned by 10th century A.D. sources as the capital of Piast Poland however the first capital of Piast realm was most likely Giecz built around...
and Kalisz
Kalisz
Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants , the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce...
during 1312–1313 (with his brother as co-ruler), Duke of Kalisz during 1313–1314 (alone), Duke of Namysłów since 1313 (alone) and Duke of Oleśnica since 1321 until his death (alone).
He was the second son of Henry III (I)
Henry III, Duke of Silesia-Glogau
Henry III of Głogów was a Duke of Głogów from 1274 to his death and also Duke of parts of Greater Poland during 1306–1309....
, Duke of Głogów, by his wife Matilda
Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Matilda of Brunswick-Lüneburg was a German princess, member of the House of Welf and by marriage Duchess of Glogów, Ścinawa, etc....
, daughter of Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Albert I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Albert the Tall , of the House of Welf, was Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg from 1252 to 1269 and the first ruler of the newly created Principality of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel from 1269 until his death.-Life:...
.
Life
After his father's early death in 1309, Konrad I succeeded him in all his lands with his brothers as co-rulers; but, because he was a minor at that time, he remained under the care of his mother and older brother Henry IV the FaithfulHenry IV the Faithful
Henry IV the Faithful was a Duke of Żagań and parts of Greater Poland from 1309 until 1317 , Duke of Głogów from 1318 until 1321 and sole ruler over Żagań from 1321 until his death.He was the oldest son of Henry III , Duke of Głogów, by...
until 1312.
Despite his minority, on 3 March 1310 in Berlin
Berlin
Berlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, Konrad I was present alongside with his brothers Henry IV and Bolesław, when they solemnly renounced to their rights over Gdańsk Pomerania
Gdańsk Pomerania
For the medieval duchy, see Pomeranian duchies and dukesGdańsk Pomerania or Eastern Pomerania is a geographical region in northern Poland covering eastern part of Pomeranian Voivodeship...
to Brandenburg in exchange to a monetary compensation. In order to have good relations with the House of Ascania, they pledge the towns of Krosno Odrzańskie
Krosno Odrzanskie
Krosno Odrzańskie is a city on the east bank of Oder River, at the confluence with the Bóbr. The town in Western Poland with 12,500 inhabitants is the capital of Krosno County...
and Żagań
Zagan
Zagan may refer to:*Zagan - a demon in the Ars Goetia*Żagań - a town in west Poland...
to them (they will recover these territories in 1319).
On 29 February 1312, was made the formal division of the Duchy. Konrad I and Bolesław obtained as co-rulers the eastern part of the Duchy (Oleśnica
Olesnica
Oleśnica is a town in the Trzebnickie Hills in southwestern Poland with 36,951 inhabitants . It is situated in Lower Silesian Voivodeship...
, Namysłów and Kluczbork
Kluczbork
Kluczbork is a town in southwestern Poland with 26,670 inhabitants , situated in the Opole Voivodeship. It is the capital of Kluczbork County and an important railroad junction. In Kluczbork the major rail line from Katowice splits into two directions - westwards to Wroclaw and northwards to Poznań...
), and the regions of Kalisz
Kalisz
Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants , the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce...
and Gniezno
Gniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 70,000 people. One of the Piasts' chief cities, it was mentioned by 10th century A.D. sources as the capital of Piast Poland however the first capital of Piast realm was most likely Giecz built around...
. Henry IV, Jan and Przemko II retained the regions of Ścinawa
Scinawa
Ścinawa is a town and municipality on the Oder river in the Lower Silesian region of Poland. The town features a number of historic monuments including city hall and the town church . The Ścinawa train station is a key gateway for travel throughout the region, connecting major destinations such...
, Żagań
Zagan
Zagan may refer to:*Zagan - a demon in the Ars Goetia*Żagań - a town in west Poland...
and Greater Poland
Greater Poland
Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history...
. Their mother Matilda kept Głogów as her Oprawa wdowia. One year later, in 1313, Konrad I and Bolesław decided to divide their own domains: Konrad I received Namysłów and Kalisz.
The situation of Henry III's sons was precarious. In 1313, Konrad I lost Kalisz after a revolt of the nobility. The same year, the Dukes of Legnica obtained Uraz
Uraz
Uraz may refer to the following places in Poland:*Uraz, Lower Silesian Voivodeship *Uraz, West Pomeranian Voivodeship...
. In 1314, supported by the local nobility who opposes to territorial division of Henry III, Władysław I the Elbow-high take almost all Greater Poland
Greater Poland
Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history...
.
In 1321, when his brother Bolesław died without issue, Konrad I inherited Oleśnica. While Władysław I the Elbow-high and Bolesław III the Generous engaged in looting in the territory of the Duchy of Oleśnica (from 1321 to 1323), Konrad married with Elisabeth, daughter of Henry VI the Good
Henry VI the Good
Henry VI the Good was a Duke of Wrocław since 1296 ....
, removing any threat from Duchy of Wrocław.
A peace treaty with Władysław I and Bolesław III was concluded in Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
on 10 August 1323. Konrad I received Wołów, Lubiąż
Lubiaz
Lubiąż is a village on the east bank of the Odra River, in the administrative district of Gmina Wołów, within Wołów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Wołów, and west of the regional capital Wrocław. The village has a population of...
and Smogorzów
Smogorzów
Smogorzów may refer to the following places:*Smogorzów, Lublin Voivodeship *Smogorzów, Masovian Voivodeship *Smogorzów, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship *Smogorzów, Opole Voivodeship...
, but in exchange was forced to give Namysłów to Bolesław III. In 1328, he paid homage to King John of Bohemia.
In summer 1343, King Casimir III the Great of Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
launched an attack against Konrad I, Jan of Ścinawa
Jan of Scinawa
John was a Duke of Żagań, Ścinawa, etc. during 1309-1317 , Duke of Poznań during 1312-1314 and sole Duke of Ścinawa since....
and Henry V of Iron
Henry V of Iron
Henry V of Iron , was a Duke of Żagań since 1342, from 1349 Duke of half-Głogów, and from 1363 Duke of half-Ścinawa.He was the only son of Henry IV the Faithful, Duke of Żagań, by his wife Matilda, daughter of Herman, Margrave of Brandenburg-Salzwedel.-Life:The young Henry V gained his political...
. Konrad I inflicted defeated the Polish army which was in the walls of Oleśnica and concludes a peace treaty with King Casimir III. In 1345, Conrad and his nephew Henry V trying unsuccessfully to recover Wschowa
Wschowa
Wschowa is a town in the Lubusz Voivodeship in Poland with 14,607 inhabitants . It is the capital of Wschowa County.-History:Wschowa was originally a border fortress in a region disputed by the Polish dukes of Silesia and Greater Poland. After German colonists had established a settlement nearby,...
from Poland. In retaliation, the King of Poland launches an attack against the Duchy of Oleśnica.
In 1355 Konrad I took control over the Duchy of Koźle (Kosel)
Kozle
Koźle is a district of Kędzierzyn-Koźle and is at the junction of the Kłodnica and Odra rivers, 29 Ifl. southeast of Opole by rail. The district has a Roman Catholic church, a medieval chateau, remains of a 19th century fortress and a high school...
. On 8 December 1357, the Duchy of Bytom (Beuthen)
Bytom
Bytom is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The central-western district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Bytom is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bytomka river .The city belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship since...
was divided between him and Duke Casimir I of Cieszyn
Cieszyn
Cieszyn is a border-town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has 36,109 inhabitants . Cieszyn lies on the Olza River, a tributary of the Oder river, opposite Český Těšín....
. The following year, he bought Milicz
Milicz
Milicz is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship, in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Milicz County, and of the smaller administrative district called Gmina Milicz...
to the Bishopric of Wrocław.
In 1361, after the death of Jan de Ścinawa, Konrad I and Henry V entered in a dispute over his inheritance. The conflict was resolved in 1365 through the mediation of Ludwik I the Fair
Ludwik I the Fair
Ludwik I the Fair or Louis I the Fair also known as the Wise, the Right or of Brzeg , was a Duke of Legnica two times: first during 1342-1345 and secondly during 1345-1346 , and Duke of Brzeg from 1358...
, Duke of Brzeg
Brzeg
Brzeg is a town in southwestern Poland with 38,496 inhabitants , situated in Silesia in the Opole Voivodeship on the left bank of the Oder...
.
Konrad I died on 22 December 1366 and was buried in the Chapel of St. Hedwig in the monastery of Trzebnica
Trzebnica
Trzebnica is a town in Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is the seat of Trzebnica County, and of the smaller administrative district called Gmina Trzebnica. Prior to 1945 it was in Germany...
.
Marriages and Issue
By 10 January 1322 Konrad I married firstly with Elisabeth (b. ca. 1311 - d. 20 February? 1328), daughter of Henry VI the GoodHenry VI the Good
Henry VI the Good was a Duke of Wrocław since 1296 ....
, Duke of Wrocław. They had no children.
By 2 March 1333 Konrad I married secondly with Euphemia (b. 1313? - d. 3 January 1378), daughter of Władysław
Władysław of Bytom
Władysław of Bytom , was a Duke of Koźle during 1303-1334, Duke of Bytom from 1316, Duke of Toszek since 1329 and Duke of Siewierz during 1328-1337.He was the second son of Duke Casimir of Bytom by his wife Helena.-Life:...
, Duke of Koźle
Kozle
Koźle is a district of Kędzierzyn-Koźle and is at the junction of the Kłodnica and Odra rivers, 29 Ifl. southeast of Opole by rail. The district has a Roman Catholic church, a medieval chateau, remains of a 19th century fortress and a high school...
-Bytom
Bytom
Bytom is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. The central-western district of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - metropolis with the population of 2 millions. Bytom is located in the Silesian Highlands, on the Bytomka river .The city belongs to the Silesian Voivodeship since...
. They had two children:
- Hedwig (b. ca. 25 March 1338 - d. ca. 1351), married by 11 August 1345 to Duke Nikolaus II of OpawaOpawaOpawa is an inner suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand, located 2.5 kilometres south-east of the city centre.The name is a contraction of Opaawaho, which means a place of an outer pā or outpost in Māori. Opaawaho or Ōpāwaho is the Māori name for the Heathcote River....
(Troppau). - Konrad II the GrayKonrad II the GrayKonrad II the Gray was a Duke of Oleśnica, Koźle and half of Bytom since 1366 and Duke of half of Ścinawa since 1397 until his death....
(b. ca. 1340 - d. 10 June 1403).