Liang (surname)
Encyclopedia
Liang is a Chinese surname
common in Taiwan
and southern China. Meaning "a beam", "a bridge", or "an elevation", or "a mast", the surname is often transliterated as Leung (in Hong Kong) or Leong (in Macau) according to its Cantonese
pronunciation, or Neo / Nio / Niu (Hokkien
, Teochew, Hainan
). It is also common in Korea, where it is pronounced Yang. In Vietnamese, it is known as Lương
. To Chinese Indonesians, it is known as Neonardi or Antonio. In Tibet, it is known as Tenzin.
It ranks 20th of the top 100 in Wikipedia's List of common Chinese surnames as of 2006.
During the Eastern Han period, a time when the Han Dynasty was in chaos and decline, a power struggle ensued between three rival groups, the powerful eunuchs, the clique
s of officials and the consort
families of which the Liang was one. This was largely due to the fact that starting in 88 AD, minors were placed on the throne and hence effective control of the Dynasty was in the hands of Regents. There were three successive empresses starting with Liang Na, Liang Ji and Liang Mengnu.
According to Witold Rodziński
's The Walled Kingdom (1984), "the Liang family, by providing three empresses, became the effective ruler of the country by the middle of the second century, and its members accumulated a vast number of key posts. However, its rivals, the eunuchs, were able, due to their influence on the new emperor, to bring about its downfall, and the whole Liang clan was reduced in 159AD."
In 159AD a eunuch gang in the service of Emperor Huan of Han
slaughtered relatives of the Empress Dowager Liang, effectively bringing an end to the Imperial aspirations of the Liang family.
bearing the surname, Delta Ophiuchi
. In the Chinese star-chart
, within the Eastern (Azure Dragon) quadrant of the sky, on the "Youyuan (Right Wall)" constellation
of the "Heavenly Market Enclosure" group is a star called Liang. This star in the western star-chart corresponds to the star Yed Prior of the Ophiuchus
(Serpent-bearer) constellation. Its coordinates are R.A. 16h15m Dec. -3.7 degrees, has a brightness
of Magnitude 2.76 and is 172 light years from Earth.
Alex Mathew Leung- Newpark Rugby Player
Chinese surname
Chinese family names have been historically used by Han Chinese and Sinicized Chinese ethnic groups in mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and among overseas Chinese communities. In ancient times two types of surnames, family names and clan names , existed.The colloquial expressions laobaixing...
common in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
and southern China. Meaning "a beam", "a bridge", or "an elevation", or "a mast", the surname is often transliterated as Leung (in Hong Kong) or Leong (in Macau) according to its Cantonese
Cantonese
Cantonese is a dialect spoken primarily in south China.Cantonese may also refer to:* Yue Chinese, the Chinese language that includes Cantonese* Cantonese cuisine, the cuisine of Guangdong province...
pronunciation, or Neo / Nio / Niu (Hokkien
Min Nan
The Southern Min languages, or Min Nan , are a family of Chinese languages spoken in southern Fujian, eastern Guangdong, Hainan, Taiwan, and southern Zhejiang provinces of China, and by descendants of emigrants from these areas in diaspora....
, Teochew, Hainan
Hainan
Hainan is the smallest province of the People's Republic of China . Although the province comprises some two hundred islands scattered among three archipelagos off the southern coast, of its land mass is Hainan Island , from which the province takes its name...
). It is also common in Korea, where it is pronounced Yang. In Vietnamese, it is known as Lương
Luong
Lương is a Vietnamese family name or given name. It came from the Chinese surname Liang ....
. To Chinese Indonesians, it is known as Neonardi or Antonio. In Tibet, it is known as Tenzin.
It ranks 20th of the top 100 in Wikipedia's List of common Chinese surnames as of 2006.
History
The first Liang was Liang Kang Hou who was the ruler of the State of Liang, in what is now Gansu Province in the northwestern part of China. The State of Liang existed during the Zhou Dynasty of 1027 BC to 221 BC. The descendants of Liang Kang Hou retained the name Liang as their surname in memory of the Liang state when it was annexed by the neighboring State of Qin in 641 BC.During the Eastern Han period, a time when the Han Dynasty was in chaos and decline, a power struggle ensued between three rival groups, the powerful eunuchs, the clique
Clique
A clique is an exclusive group of people who share common interests, views, purposes, patterns of behavior, or ethnicity. A clique as a reference group can be either normative or comparative. Membership in a clique is typically exclusive, and qualifications for membership may be social or...
s of officials and the consort
Consort clan
The consort clan is the family, clan of or group related to an empress dowager or a spouse of a Chinese dynastic ruler or a warlord. The leading figure of the clan was either a sibling, cousin, or parent of the empress or consort.- Han Dynasty :...
families of which the Liang was one. This was largely due to the fact that starting in 88 AD, minors were placed on the throne and hence effective control of the Dynasty was in the hands of Regents. There were three successive empresses starting with Liang Na, Liang Ji and Liang Mengnu.
According to Witold Rodziński
Witold Rodziński
Witold Rodziński was a Polish historian, sinologist and diplomat.He was born in 1918 in Lviv, son of the renowned conductor Artur Rodziński...
's The Walled Kingdom (1984), "the Liang family, by providing three empresses, became the effective ruler of the country by the middle of the second century, and its members accumulated a vast number of key posts. However, its rivals, the eunuchs, were able, due to their influence on the new emperor, to bring about its downfall, and the whole Liang clan was reduced in 159AD."
In 159AD a eunuch gang in the service of Emperor Huan of Han
Emperor Huan of Han
Emperor Huan of Han, ch. 漢桓帝, py. hàn húan dì, wg. Han Huan-ti, was an emperor of the Chinese Han Dynasty. He was a great-grandson of Emperor Zhang....
slaughtered relatives of the Empress Dowager Liang, effectively bringing an end to the Imperial aspirations of the Liang family.
Trivia
The Liang family has a starStar
A star is a massive, luminous sphere of plasma held together by gravity. At the end of its lifetime, a star can also contain a proportion of degenerate matter. The nearest star to Earth is the Sun, which is the source of most of the energy on Earth...
bearing the surname, Delta Ophiuchi
Delta Ophiuchi
Delta Ophiuchi is a star in the constellation Ophiuchus. It has the traditional name Yed Prior ....
. In the Chinese star-chart
Chinese astrology
Chinese astrology is based on the traditional astronomy and calendars. The development of Chinese astrology is tied to that of astronomy, which came to flourish during the Han Dynasty ....
, within the Eastern (Azure Dragon) quadrant of the sky, on the "Youyuan (Right Wall)" constellation
Constellation
In modern astronomy, a constellation is an internationally defined area of the celestial sphere. These areas are grouped around asterisms, patterns formed by prominent stars within apparent proximity to one another on Earth's night sky....
of the "Heavenly Market Enclosure" group is a star called Liang. This star in the western star-chart corresponds to the star Yed Prior of the Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus
Ophiuchus is a large constellation located around the celestial equator. Its name is from the Greek "serpent-bearer", and it is commonly represented as a man grasping the snake that is represented by the constellation Serpens. Ophiuchus was one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century...
(Serpent-bearer) constellation. Its coordinates are R.A. 16h15m Dec. -3.7 degrees, has a brightness
Brightness
Brightness is an attribute of visual perception in which a source appears to be radiating or reflecting light. In other words, brightness is the perception elicited by the luminance of a visual target...
of Magnitude 2.76 and is 172 light years from Earth.
Notable people with the surname 梁
- Alan LeongAlan LeongKah Kit Alan Leong , SC is a member of the Hong Kong Legislative Council, representing the Kowloon East geographical constituency and leader of the Civic Party. He is also vice-chairperson of the Independent Police Complaints Council.-Early career:...
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, banker and former Financial SecretaryFinancial secretaryFinancial secretary is an administrative and executive government position within the governance of a State, corporation, private or public organization, small group or other body with financial assets....
of Hong Kong - Clarence Leung, actor (USA)
- Cody Leung, Tuba player
- Edmond Leung 梁漢文Edmond LeungEdmond Leung Hon-man is a Chinese singer-songwriter, record producer, actor, and television host from Hong Kong. At age 17, Leung became a finalist in the 8th annual New Talent Singing Awards in 1989, which won him a contract with Capital Artists. He made his recording debut in 1990 with the...
, Hong Kong Singer, actor and a quarter of Big FourBig Four (band)The Big Four is an all-male Hong Kong musical group formed by Dicky Cheung, Andy Hui, William So, and Edmond Leung in 2009. They released their first self-titled single in 2009, in which the single topped most of Hong Kong's music charts...
and a finalist of the 8th annual New Talent Singing AwardsNew Talent Singing AwardsNew Talent Singing Awards or NTSA for short, later re-organized into New Talent Singing Awards International Finals or NTSA International Finals for short), and most currently re-named TVB8 International Chinese New Talent Singing Championship is an annual singing...
. - Edwaard LiangEdwaard LiangEdwaard Liang is a Tawanese-American dancer and choreographer. He grew up in Marin County, California.-Training:He began dance training at the age of five at Marin Ballet. In 1989, Liang entered the School of American Ballet....
, choreographer, ballet dancer with Morphoses/The Wheeldon Company and former soloist with New York City Ballet - Elsie LeungElsie LeungElsie Leung Oi-sie, GBM JP, was the Secretary for Justice of Hong Kong from 1997 to 2005, and was a member of the Executive Council of Hong Kong. She was succeeded by Wong Yan Lung, SC, on 20 October 2005.-Education:...
, solicitor and Secretary for JusticeSecretary for JusticeThe Secretary for Justice is a member of the Hong Kong Government responsible for prosecutions and legal matters. He or she heads the Department of Justice....
of Hong Kong - Gigi LeungGigi LeungGigi Leung Wing-kei is a Hong Kong Cantopop singer and actress.-Biography:Given the name Leung Bik-Zi at birth, at the age of 7 her mother changed her name changed to 'Wing-Kei' for superstitious reasons; as a child, Leung suffered from frequent asthma attacks and it was believed a change of name...
, Hong Kong Cantopop singer and actress - Fish LeongFish LeongFish Leong is the stage name of Jasmine Leong, a Malaysian Chinese singer in the Mandarin pop scene who has had much success in Taiwan, Mainland China, Hong Kong, Malaysia, Singapore and Japan...
, Famous female singer - Gabriel Matthew Leung, JP, Under Secretary for Food and Health of Hong Kong
- Geoffrey C. Leung, Construction lawyer, Toronto, Canada
- Hoi-Yiu Leung, First Chinese Female Judo Black-Belt 8 Dan (USJA), USA
- Jason LeungJason LeungJason Leung or Leung Chun Sum, Jason is the business reporter/anchor for OMNI.2's OMNI News Cantonese Edition in Toronto, Ontario. For the most part, Leung is a news reader of business stories and business-related stories from other English language media and file stories shared amongst OMNI2 and...
, Business Reporter/Anchor of OMNI.2, Toronto, Canada - Jonathan Luong Basketball player
- Joshua Leong, Head of Protocol, Ministry of Defence, Singapore
- Ken LeungKen LeungKenneth "Ken" Leung is an American actor best known for his role as Miles Straume in the ABC television series Lost and roles in such films as Shanghai Kiss, Rush Hour, X-Men: The Last Stand, and Saw.-Early life:...
, actor - Lawrence LeungLawrence LeungLawrence Leung is an Australian comedian, writer and director from Melbourne, Victoria. He is best known for his television series Lawrence Leung's Choose Your Own Adventure based on his one man shows that tell stories around his obsessions such as breakdancing, ghosts, the Rubik's Cube and his...
, comedian - Leung Kwok-hungLeung Kwok-hungLeung Kwok-hung , also known as Long Hair , is a member of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong , a founding member of the League of Social Democrats and a democratic political activist.-Biography:Leung is a self-proclaimed Trotskyist and a member of April Fifth Action, a radical socialist...
, Member of the Legislative Council of Hong KongLegislative Council of Hong KongThe Legislative Council is the unicameral legislature of Hong Kong.-History:The Legislative Council of Hong Kong was set up in 1843 as a colonial legislature under British rule... - Liang GuanglieLiang GuanglieLiang Guanglie is the current Minister for National Defense in the People's Republic of China and serves as a general in the People's Liberation Army of China.-Biography:...
, Minister of National Defense in the People's Republic of ChinaPeople's Republic of ChinaChina , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
and serves as a general in the People's Liberation Army of China. - Liang QichaoLiang QichaoLiang Qichao |Styled]] Zhuoru, ; Pseudonym: Rengong) was a Chinese scholar, journalist, philosopher and reformist during the Qing Dynasty , who inspired Chinese scholars with his writings and reform movements...
, scholar, philosopher, journalist and reformist - Liang Shih-ChiuLiang Shih-ChiuLiang Shih-chiu , a renowned educator, writer, translator, literary theorist and lexicographer.-Biography:Liang was born in Beijing in 1903. His father, Liang Xianxi , was a Xiucai in the Qing Dynasty. He was educated at Tsinghua College in Beijing from 1915 to 1923...
(1903–1987), scholar and writer - Liang WenboLiang WenboLiang Wenbo is a Chinese professional snooker player. He is left-handed and ranked as China's number 2 player, after Ding Junhui. Liang is based at the World Snooker Academy in Sheffield, England, United Kingdom.-Career:...
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(15 June 1914 - 25 March 1997) was a Vietnamese catholic priest, scholar and philosopher. - Liang YushengLiang YushengChen Wentong , better known by his pen name Liang Yusheng , is a Chinese writer of wuxia novels.He is credited as the pioneer of the "new school" wuxia genre in the 20th century, as well as one of the three most esteemed wuxia writers in the second half of the 20th century .-Biography:Chen was...
(1926–2009), Chinese wuxia novelist - Michelle Leung Dancer/Actor
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journalist - Steven K Leung, Husband of Maira Barriga and New York Socialite and Speed Dating Host for www.nyeasydates.com
- Tony Leung (Leung Chiu Wai)Tony Leung Chiu WaiTony Leung Chiu-Wai is a Hong Kong film actor and former TVB actor. A major film star since the 1990s, Leung has won nine Hong Kong Film Awards and three Golden Horse Best Actor awards...
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- Yang Yonghi, documentary film director, Japan
- Dominic Mai LuongDominic Mai LuongDominic Dinh Mai Luong is a Vietnamese-born prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is currently an auxiliary bishop of the Diocese of Orange, serving since 2003.-Early life and education:...
: auxiliary bishopAuxiliary bishopAn auxiliary bishop, in the Roman Catholic Church, is an additional bishop assigned to a diocese because the diocesan bishop is unable to perform his functions, the diocese is so extensive that it requires more than one bishop to administer, or the diocese is attached to a royal or imperial office...
of the Diocese of OrangeDiocese of OrangeDiocese of Orange may refer to:*Roman Catholic Diocese of Orange in California*Ancient Diocese of Orange, in France... - Kien LuongKien LuongKien Luong is a district of Kien Giang Province in the Mekong River Delta region of Vietnam.-Divisions:The district is divided into communes:...
, professional hustler, England - Kathleen LuongKathleen LuongKathleen Luong is a Vietnamese American actress and model, usually credited as Katie Luong.In 1979 her family left Vietnam by boat to escape Communism, and sailed to Malaysia...
: Vietnamese American actress and model - Luong Bich HuuLuong Bich HuuLương Bích Hữu, born September 1, 1984, is a Vietnamese singer of Chinese ancestry. Before working with the Entertainment World Company , Huu was one of the Nguyen Productions singers...
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Alex Mathew Leung- Newpark Rugby Player
Historical people with the surname 梁
- Liang Hongyu was a female general and the wife of a mighty Song Dynasty general, Han ShizhongHan ShizhongHan Shizhong was a Chinese general of the late Northern Song Dynasty and the early Southern Song Dynasty. He dedicated his whole life to serving the Song Dynasty, and performed many legendary deeds. It is said that he had scars all over his body and, by the time he retired, there were only four...
. Even today, it is said that, standing on Golden Mountain, one can still hear her beating the mighty war drum which stirred the hearts of her Song soldiers.
- Green Pearl (d. AD 300), whose surname was Liang, was a native of Bobai and the favourite concubine of a wealthy man, Shi Chong who lived during the Western Jin Dynasty (AD 265-316). Her tale is one of devotion and loyalty.
- Liang Ju-yuan (1527–1579 AD) a 16th century scholar better known for his pseudonym Ho Hsin-yin, advocated and attempted to implement the conception of the ideal state, known as Clan Communism. In an essay, "Concerning the Theory: Fatherlessness and the Absence of Princes Are Not Identical with Parricide and Regicide" (Pien wu-fu wu-chun fei shih-fu shih-chun), he illustrated that Man has a consciousness of hierarchy and moral obligation. In 1553AD, he built the "Hall for Gathering in Harmony" (Chu-ho tang) in the Yang-feng district (Kiangsi province). He proposed that the powerful and far-flung Liang clan set up a kind of family commune with two principal areas of activity, a communal educational system, and the common cultivation of the fields.
- Lương Thế Vinh (梁世榮) (1441–1496) was a mathematician, Buddhism, Vietnamese scholar and poet
- Lương Đắc Bằng (梁得朋 1472 - 1522 ), Vietnamese scholar, teacher of Nguyen Binh Khiem
- Liang Fa, also known as 'Ah Fa', was the first Chinese Pastor in a Protestant church. Born in Gao He of Guangdong in 1784, Liang traveled to Guangzhou to study the technology of block printing in 1804. He met Robert Morrison (1782–1834) in 1810 and began to print Bibles for Mr. Morrison, despite the ban by the Qing government. In 1815, Liang joined the British Missionary and was baptized the following year. Morrison made Liang the first Chinese pastor in Macao in 1824 and Liang later returned to preach in Guangzhou. Liang was also known for his work in editing and distributing Christian booklets (e.g., the Bible Homework, etc.) and flyers, and he turned his house into a meeting place for Christians. Liang died in Guangzhou in 1854. Liang's work had quite a bit of impact on Hong Xiu Quan who initiated the Taiping Rebellion (1851 AD).
- Liang Hong who together with his wife, Meng Guang comes a story of love and respect. The Chinese phrase "holding the tray level with the eyebrows" pays tribute to the couple, and is used to this day, to characterize married couples who treat each other with love and respect.
- Liang Shanbo in the Butterfly LoversButterfly LoversThe Butterfly Lovers is a Chinese legend of a tragic love story of a pair of lovers, Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai , whose names form the title of the story...
. The most famous Chinese traditional love story is about 梁山伯 Liang Shanbo and 祝英台 Zhu Yingtai. A well known legend and tale of tragic love. This tale is a well told tale immortalized in song and dance, tribute to the "Romeo and Juliet" of the Ancient Chinese.
- Liang K'ai (1140? – 1210?) lived during the Song Dynasty in the 13th century. His works hail as some of the greatest works of Chinese classical art. Liang K'ai pioneered an expressive and simplified style of ink painting. After becoming a Zen monk, he turned from his earlier landscapes to concentrate mainly on figure paintings done in a new technique using a wide, soft brush with a few deft and seemingly spontaneous strokes. Among these works is The Poet Li T'ai Po (National Museum, Tokyo). Liang K'ai has been immortalised by having a crater on Mercury named after him!
- Liang Ling-tsan, an 8th century, military engineer who together with learned Buddhist monk I-hsing, in trying to devise a more precise calendar, constructed a great astronomical clock on the grounds of the palace in Ch'ang-an. This ancestor of all modern clocks, completed in AD 721, was the first machine known to employ an escapement, the basic device that is still used to regulated clocks. It divided the power from a water-wheel into exactly similar unit impulses so that the apparent motions of stars and the less regular wanderings of the planets could be duplicated by the measurable movements of a bronze microcosm of rings and little spheres, while wooden figures struck out the sequence of the hours.
- Liang Shi Du(King) - a person from Xiazhou of Sui Dynasty who started an uprising against Sui and self-proclaimed as emperor. His national symbol was Liang and his year symbol was Yonglong. He was the ruler of a Turk Vassal state north of Chang-an on the border of the Ordos Desert in Northern Shensi from AD 617-628. He was the last rebel from the Sui Period to be destroyed by the Tang in AD 628.
- Liang Chung-i was a Rebel Governor in Hsiang Yang Province during the Ho Pei Rebellions from AD 781-786.
- Liang Shou-chien was a Eunuch who was the first Commissioner of Privy Affairs (Shu-mi Shih) in AD 810
- Liang Te-Kuei (AD 1259–1304) was a Chinese administrator in Temur's Court
- Hsiao Hsien from the Liang Imperial family declared himself "Emperor of Liang" in Southern China from AD 617-621.
- Liang I-Mai (Empress) to Liang Chi-Pu (Prime Minister) - The Liang clan held control of a Tangut state of Hsia during the Northern Sung, through a succession of Liang Empresses and Prime Ministers.
- Liang Chenyu (AD 1520–1593) Chinese playwright and author of the first play of the K'un school (k'un-ch'�) of dramatic singing. He was born in K'un-shan in Kiangsu Province. When his great actor-friend Wei Liang-fu developed a new, more subtle and quiet style of dramatic singing, he asked Liang Ch'en-y� to create a showcase for his new style, and Liang complied by writing the "Huan sha chi"
- Liang Menglung (AD 1527–1602) was the Governor of Shantung Province who, with Tu Tsemin the Governor of Fukien Province, petitioned and got the Ming Government to lift the ban on Maritime activity, resulting in the great age of travel, culminating in the journeys of Admiral Cheng Ho.
- Liang DeshengLiang DeshengLiang Desheng was a Chinese poet and writer active during the Qing Dynasty. She was the wife of a prominent intellectual from Hangzhou. Since her sister died young, Liang Desheng acted as a surrogate mother for her niece Wang Duan, who would become an editor...
(AD 1771–1847) (Writer) - She completed the tanci Zai sheng yuan (The destiny of rebirth), left unfinished by Chen Duangshen.
- Liang Tingnan of the Qing Dynasty compiled the Tenghuating or Mirror Catalogue.
- Liang Shi Cheng (Judge) - Song Dynasty
- Liang Shang (??? – AD 141) was a Regent and the father of the consort during the Han.
- Liang Chi (??? – AD 159) (Regent) - Han Dynasty tyrant whose excesses led the to tragic downfall of the entire Liang Clan at the hands of the Han Court Eunuchs
- Liang Qing (General) - Song Dynasty
- Liang Guo Zhi (General) - Qing Dynasty
- Liang Si Cheng (Engineer, Architect) - a person of Guangdong Xinhui who participated in countless designing of important structures in China, Beijing.
- Liang Shiyi (Politician) - appointed Prime Minister in AD 1921 for the government of Beiyang.
- Liang Xiao (Empress) from a leading southern Liang family, Empress to Emperor Yangdi (AD 581-604) of the Sui Dynasty.
- Liang Yi & Liang Hong (Officials) - Spring-Autumn period in the Jin Kingdom.
- Liang Gonghong (Doctor) - Spring-Autumn period in the Chu Kingdom.
- Liang Zhang Ju passed the Imperial Examination during the reign of Emperor Jia Qing (AD 1796-1820) and became a Jin Shi. He was appointed an official and eventually became the Governor of the two provinces of Jiangsu and Jiangxi. He had written many books.
- Liang Xing (??? – AD.219) was a rebel leader in the Chang'an area who was defeated and killed by Xiahou Yuan during the Three Kingdoms era. He was one of the few Liang of significance after the slaughter of the Liang Clan by the Han Court Eunuchs.