List of Chinese cultural relics forbidden to be exhibited abroad
Encyclopedia
The list of Chinese cultural relics forbidden to be exhibited abroad comprises a list of antiquities
and archaeological artefacts
held by various museums and other institutions in the People's Republic of China
, which the Chinese government has officially prohibited, since 2003, from being taken abroad for exhibition.
Many of the relics on the list symbolize the breakthrough of archaeological discoveries that were made in China since the mid-20th century, when archaeology as a modern science began to take a footing in China. These items are among the most important excavated treasures in China, and have a particular historical, cultural or artistic significance. However the list does not include several of the most recognizable forms of Chinese art, such as scroll paintings, calligraphy
, porcelain
, and any of the vast collection of imperial Chinese art
that are housed in several museums in China, especially the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Decree No.377) promulgated on 18 May 2003:
A first list of cultural relics that are forbidden to be exhibited abroad, comprising 64 items, was published by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage
on 19 January 2002 (a year before the above regulation was enacted). Although a number of significant archaeological discoveries were made after this list was published, it had not been superseded and remained the only list of cultural relics forbidden to be exhibited abroad to have been published by the Chinese government.
In addition to the list of 64 items explicitly prohibited from being exhibited abroad, cultural relics that fall within one of the following five categories are also prohibited from being exhibited outside of China:
Furthermore, cultural relics may not be sent abroad for exhibition if they have not previously been officially exhibited within China.
Antiquities
Antiquities, nearly always used in the plural in this sense, is a term for objects from Antiquity, especially the civilizations of the Mediterranean: the Classical antiquity of Greece and Rome, Ancient Egypt and the other Ancient Near Eastern cultures...
and archaeological artefacts
Artifact (archaeology)
An artifact or artefact is "something made or given shape by man, such as a tool or a work of art, esp an object of archaeological interest"...
held by various museums and other institutions in the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
, which the Chinese government has officially prohibited, since 2003, from being taken abroad for exhibition.
Many of the relics on the list symbolize the breakthrough of archaeological discoveries that were made in China since the mid-20th century, when archaeology as a modern science began to take a footing in China. These items are among the most important excavated treasures in China, and have a particular historical, cultural or artistic significance. However the list does not include several of the most recognizable forms of Chinese art, such as scroll paintings, calligraphy
Calligraphy
Calligraphy is a type of visual art. It is often called the art of fancy lettering . A contemporary definition of calligraphic practice is "the art of giving form to signs in an expressive, harmonious and skillful manner"...
, porcelain
Porcelain
Porcelain is a ceramic material made by heating raw materials, generally including clay in the form of kaolin, in a kiln to temperatures between and...
, and any of the vast collection of imperial Chinese art
Chinese art
Chinese art is visual art that, whether ancient or modern, originated in or is practiced in China or by Chinese artists or performers. Early so-called "stone age art" dates back to 10,000 BC, mostly consisting of simple pottery and sculptures. This early period was followed by a series of art...
that are housed in several museums in China, especially the Palace Museum in Beijing.
Government regulations prohibiting exhibition abroad
According to Article 49 of the Regulations for the Implementation of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Protection of Cultural Relics (State CouncilState Council of the People's Republic of China
The State Council of the People's Republic of China , which is largely synonymous with the Central People's Government after 1954, is the chief administrative authority of the People's Republic of China. It is chaired by the Premier and includes the heads of each governmental department and agency...
Decree No.377) promulgated on 18 May 2003:
The only existing or fragile relics among the grade-one relics are prohibited from being taken out of the country for exhibition. The catalogue of cultural relics prohibited from being taken out of the country for exhibition shall be made public on a regular basis by the competent cultural relics administrative department of the State Council.
A first list of cultural relics that are forbidden to be exhibited abroad, comprising 64 items, was published by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage
State Administration of Cultural Heritage
State Administration of Cultural Heritage is an administrative agency subordinate to the Ministry of Culture. It is responsible for relics and managing museums on mainland China...
on 19 January 2002 (a year before the above regulation was enacted). Although a number of significant archaeological discoveries were made after this list was published, it had not been superseded and remained the only list of cultural relics forbidden to be exhibited abroad to have been published by the Chinese government.
In addition to the list of 64 items explicitly prohibited from being exhibited abroad, cultural relics that fall within one of the following five categories are also prohibited from being exhibited outside of China:
- ancient human remains
- the main object of reverence at a place of religious observation
- first-grade cultural relics that are unique and easily damaged
- objects listed in the catalogue of cultural relics that are prohibited from being exhibited abroad
- cultural relics that are not suitable to be exhibited abroad because of their state of preservation
Furthermore, cultural relics may not be sent abroad for exhibition if they have not previously been officially exhibited within China.
List of items prohibited from being exhibited abroad
The following list of items is based on the official catalogue of cultural relics that are forbidden to be taken out of China for exhibition abroad that was published by the State Administration of Cultural Heritage in 2002.| Name | Period | Where found | When found | Current location | Image |
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| Coloured pottery pot depicting a stork, a fish, and a stone axe (彩绘鹳鱼石斧图陶缸) |
Neolithic | 1978 | National Museum of China National Museum of China The National Museum of China flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The mission of the museum is to educate about the arts and history of China... , Beijing |
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| Pottery ding Ding (vessel) A ding is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other. They were made in two shapes with round vessels having three legs and rectangular ones four.... vessel in the form of an eagle, from the Yangshao culture Yangshao culture The Yangshao culture was a Neolithic culture that existed extensively along the central Yellow River in China. The Yangshao culture is dated from around 5000 BC to 3000 BC. The culture is named after Yangshao, the first excavated representative village of this culture, which was discovered in 1921... (陶鹰鼎) |
Neolithic | 1958 | National Museum of China National Museum of China The National Museum of China flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The mission of the museum is to educate about the arts and history of China... , Beijing |
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| Bronze ding Ding (vessel) A ding is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other. They were made in two shapes with round vessels having three legs and rectangular ones four.... vessel used for sacrifices to Queen Mother Wu (司母戊铜鼎) |
Shang Dynasty Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley... (1600–1046 BCE) |
1939 | National Museum of China National Museum of China The National Museum of China flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The mission of the museum is to educate about the arts and history of China... , Beijing |
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| Bronze wine cup with an inscription commemorating King Wu of Zhou King Wu of Zhou King Wu of Zhōu or King Wu of Chou was the first sovereign, or ruler of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The dates of his reign are 1046-1043 BCE or 1049/45-1043. Various sources quoted that he died at the age of 93, 54 or 43. He was considered a just and able leader. Zhou Gong Dan was one of his... 's overthrowal of King Zhou of Shang King Zhou of Shang Emperor Xin of Shang was the last king of the Shang Dynasty. He was later given the pejorative posthumous name Zhòu . He is also called Zhou Xin or King Zhou . He may also be referred to by adding "Shang" in front of any of his names... (利簋) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
1976 | National Museum of China National Museum of China The National Museum of China flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The mission of the museum is to educate about the arts and history of China... , Beijing |
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| Bronze ding Ding (vessel) A ding is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other. They were made in two shapes with round vessels having three legs and rectangular ones four.... vessel cast by someone called Yu, with an inscription dated the 23rd year of the reign of King Kang of Zhou King Kang of Zhou King Kang of Zhou or King K'ang of Chou was the third sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The dates of his reign are 1020-996 BC or 1005-978 BC .... (大盂鼎) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
National Museum of China National Museum of China The National Museum of China flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The mission of the museum is to educate about the arts and history of China... , Beijing |
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| Bronze trough with an inscription commemorating the defeat of Xianyun Xianyun The Xianyun is the name of an ancient nomadic tribe that invaded China during legenary times.They are usually associated with the Xiongnu.-Overview:... people by Duke Xuan of Guo Western Guo (state) The State of Western Guo was a vassal state in China during the Zhou Dynasty. "Guo" seems to have been a kinship group that held at least five pieces of territory within the Zhou realm at various times.... in the 12th year of the reign of King Xuan of Zhou King Xuan of Zhou King Xuan of Zhou was the eleventh sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Estimated dates of his reign are 827-782 BC or 827/25-782 BC.He worked to restore royal authority after the Gong He interregnum. He fought the 'Western Barbarians' and another group on the Huai River to the southeast. In... (虢季子白盘) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
National Museum of China National Museum of China The National Museum of China flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The mission of the museum is to educate about the arts and history of China... , Beijing |
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| Four phoenix crown Phoenix crown A Phoenix crown is a Chinese traditional headgear for women. It was worn by noblewomen in the Ming Dynasty on ceremonies or official occasions. It is also the traditional headgear for brides. It is adorned with gold dragons, phoenixes made with kingfisher feathers, beaded pheasants, pearls and... s from the tomb Ming Dynasty Tombs The Ming Dynasty Tombs are located some 51.35 kilometers due north of central Beijing, within the suburban Changping District of Beijing municipality... of the Wanli Emperor Wanli Emperor The Wanli Emperor was emperor of China between 1572 and 1620. His era name means "Ten thousand calendars". Born Zhu Yijun, he was the Longqing Emperor's third son... (凤冠) |
Ming Dynasty Ming Dynasty The Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic... (1368–1644) |
1957 | National Museum of China National Museum of China The National Museum of China flanks the eastern side of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China. The mission of the museum is to educate about the arts and history of China... , Beijing |
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| Ivory cup inlaid with turquoise, from the tomb of Fu Hao Fu Hao Fu Hao , posthumously Mu Xin , was one of the many wives of King Wu Ding of the Shang Dynasty and, unusually for that time, also served as a military general and high priestess.... (嵌绿松石象牙杯) |
Shang Dynasty Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley... (1600–1046 BCE) |
1976 | Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Chinese Academy of Social Sciences The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences , established in 1977, is the premier and highest academic research organization in the fields of philosophy and social sciences as well as a national center for comprehensive studies in the People's Republic of China. It was described by Foreign Policy... Institute of Archaeology |
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| Set of 16 ceremonial bronze bells Bianzhong Bianzhong is an ancient Chinese musical instrument consisting of a set of bronze bells, played melodically. These sets of chime bells were used as polyphonic musical instruments and some of these bells have been dated at between 2,000 to 3,600 years old. They were hung in a wooden frame and... from the tomb of the Marquis Xian of Jin Marquis Xian of Jin Marquis Xian of Jin , Ancestral name is Ji, given name is Ji or su , was the eighth ruler of the state of Jin during the Western Zhou Dynasty. After his father, Marquis Lí of Jin died in 823 BCE, he ascended the throne of Jin.... (晋侯苏钟) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
Shanxi Shanxi ' is a province in Northern China. Its one-character abbreviation is "晋" , after the state of Jin that existed here during the Spring and Autumn Period.... |
Shanghai Museum Shanghai Museum The Shanghai Museum is a museum of ancient Chinese art, situated on the People's Square in the Huangpu District of Shanghai, People's Republic of China.-History:... |
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| Bronze ding Ding (vessel) A ding is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other. They were made in two shapes with round vessels having three legs and rectangular ones four.... vessel cast by someone called Ke during the reign of King Xiao of Zhou King Xiao of Zhou King Xiao of Zhou or King Hsiao of Chou was the eighth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Estimated dates of his reign are 891–886 BC or 872–866 BC .... (大克鼎) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
1890 | Shanghai Museum Shanghai Museum The Shanghai Museum is a museum of ancient Chinese art, situated on the People's Square in the Huangpu District of Shanghai, People's Republic of China.-History:... |
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| Bronze ding Ding (vessel) A ding is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other. They were made in two shapes with round vessels having three legs and rectangular ones four.... vessel cast by the minister Duke Shao during the reign of King Cheng of Zhou King Cheng of Zhou King Cheng of Zhou or King Ch'eng of Chou was the second sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The dates of his reign are 1042-1021 BC or 1042/35-1006 BC King Cheng was young when he ascended the throne... (太保鼎) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
Tianjin Museum Tianjin Museum Tianjin Museum is the largest museum in Tianjin, China, exhibiting a range of cultural and historical relics significant to Tianjin. The museum lies in Yinhe Plaza in the Hexi District of Tianjin and covers an area of about 50,000 sq metres... |
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| Red lacquered bowl from the Hemudu culture Hemudu culture The Hemudu culture was a Neolithic culture that flourished just south of the Hangzhou Bay in Jiangnan in modern Yuyao, Zhejiang, China. The site at Hemudu, 22 km north-west of Ningbo, was discovered in 1973... (河姆渡出土朱漆碗) |
Neolithic | 1977 | Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou Hangzhou Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people... |
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| Pottery stove from the Hemudu culture Hemudu culture The Hemudu culture was a Neolithic culture that flourished just south of the Hangzhou Bay in Jiangnan in modern Yuyao, Zhejiang, China. The site at Hemudu, 22 km north-west of Ningbo, was discovered in 1973... (河姆渡出土陶灶) |
Neolithic | 1977 | Zhejiang Provincial Museum, Hangzhou Hangzhou Hangzhou , formerly transliterated as Hangchow, is the capital and largest city of Zhejiang Province in Eastern China. Governed as a sub-provincial city, and as of 2010, its entire administrative division or prefecture had a registered population of 8.7 million people... |
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| Jade cong Cong (jade) A cong is a form of jade artifact from ancient China. The earliest cong were produced by the Liangzhu culture ; later examples date mainly from the Shang and Zhou dynasties.... from the Liangzhu culture Liangzhu culture The Liangzhu culture was the last Neolithic jade culture in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Its area of influence extended from around Lake Tai north to Nanjing and the Chang Jiang, east to Shanghai and the sea, and south to Hangzhou... (良渚出土玉琮王) |
Neolithic | 1986 | Zhejiang Institute of Archaeology | ||
| Crystal cup (水晶杯) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1990 | Zhejiang Institute of Archaeology | ||
| Bronze stand for ceremonial vessels from the tomb of the son of King Zhuang of Chu King Zhuang of Chu King Zhuāng of Chǔ was a monarch of the Zhou Dynasty vassal State of Chu during the Spring and Autumn Period of Chinese history... (淅川出土铜禁) |
Spring and Autumn Period (771–403 BCE) | 1978 | Henan Museum Henan Museum The Henan Museum or Henan Provincial Museum , located in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, is a history and art museum. It has a collection of more than 130,000 pieces of cultural relics through the ages... , Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Zhengzhou , is the capital and largest city of Henan province in north-central China. A prefecture-level city, it also serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational centre of the province, as well as a major transportation hub for Central China... |
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| Pair of square bronze jars from the tomb of the Duke of Zheng Zheng (state) Zheng （) was a vassal state in China during the Zhou Dynasty located in the centre of ancient China in modern day Henan Province on the North China Plain about east of the royal capital at Luoyang. It was the most powerful of the vassal states at the beginning of the Eastern Zhou... (新郑出土莲鹤铜方壶) |
Spring and Autumn Period (771–403 BCE) | 1923 | Palace Museum Forbidden City The Forbidden City was the Chinese imperial palace from the Ming Dynasty to the end of the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the middle of Beijing, China, and now houses the Palace Museum... , Beijing Henan Museum Henan Museum The Henan Museum or Henan Provincial Museum , located in Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China, is a history and art museum. It has a collection of more than 130,000 pieces of cultural relics through the ages... , Zhengzhou Zhengzhou Zhengzhou , is the capital and largest city of Henan province in north-central China. A prefecture-level city, it also serves as the political, economic, technological, and educational centre of the province, as well as a major transportation hub for Central China... |
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| Rectangular bronze mirror from the tomb of the Prince of Qi (齐王墓青铜方镜) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | 1980 | Zibo Museum | ||
| Bronze ding Ding (vessel) A ding is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other. They were made in two shapes with round vessels having three legs and rectangular ones four.... vessel from the tomb of the King of Chu Chu (state) The State of Chu was a Zhou Dynasty vassal state in present-day central and southern China during the Spring and Autumn period and Warring States Period . Its ruling house had the surname Nai , and clan name Yan , later evolved to surname Mi , and clan name Xiong... (铸客大铜鼎) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1933 | Anhui Provincial Museum, Hefei Hefei Hefei is the capital and largest city of Anhui Province in Eastern China. A prefecture-level city, it is the political, economic, and cultural centre of Anhui... |
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| Lacquered wooden platform shoes from the tomb of Zhu Ran Zhu Ran Zhu Ran was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Despite being a childhood friend of the first emperor of Eastern Wu, Sun Quan, he was never tasked with important position nor assignment before Lü Meng's invasion of southern Jing Province in 219,... (朱然墓出土漆木屐) |
Three Kingdoms Three Kingdoms The Three Kingdoms period was a period in Chinese history, part of an era of disunity called the "Six Dynasties" following immediately the loss of de facto power of the Han Dynasty rulers. In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the foundation of the state of Wei in 220 and the... (Eastern Wu Eastern Wu Eastern Wu, also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan region of China... ) |
1984 | Ma'anshan Museum | ||
| Lacquered picture plate from the tomb of Zhu Ran Zhu Ran Zhu Ran was a military general of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms era of Chinese history. Despite being a childhood friend of the first emperor of Eastern Wu, Sun Quan, he was never tasked with important position nor assignment before Lü Meng's invasion of southern Jing Province in 219,... (朱然墓出土贵族生活图漆盘) |
Three Kingdoms Three Kingdoms The Three Kingdoms period was a period in Chinese history, part of an era of disunity called the "Six Dynasties" following immediately the loss of de facto power of the Han Dynasty rulers. In a strict academic sense it refers to the period between the foundation of the state of Wei in 220 and the... (Eastern Wu Eastern Wu Eastern Wu, also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan region of China... ) |
1984 | Ma'anshan Museum | ||
| Painted lacquer wooden screen depicting scenes of filial sons and virtuous women in Chinese history, from the tomb of Sima Jinlong (司马金龙墓出土漆屏) |
Northern Wei Northern Wei The Northern Wei Dynasty , also known as the Tuoba Wei , Later Wei , or Yuan Wei , was a dynasty which ruled northern China from 386 to 534 . It has been described as "part of an era of political turbulence and intense social and cultural change"... (386–534) |
1965 | Datong Museum | ||
| Mural depicting horse riders from the tomb of Lou Rui (娄睿墓鞍马出行图壁画) |
Northern Qi Northern Qi The Northern Qi Dynasty was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577.-History:The Chinese state of Northern Qi was the successor state of the Chinese/Xianbei state of Eastern Wei and was founded by Emperor Wenxuan... (550–577) |
1979 | Shanxi Institute of Archaeology |  |
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| Memorial stone engraved with illustrations of Buddhist Stories (涅槃变相碑) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
Shanxi Provincial Museum, Taiyuan Taiyuan Taiyuan is the capital and largest city of Shanxi province in North China. At the 2010 census, it had a total population of 4,201,591 inhabitants on 6959 km² whom 3,212,500 are urban on 1,460 km². The name of the city literally means "Great Plains", referring to the location where the Fen River... |
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| Stone sculpture of a Daoist Taoism Taoism refers to a philosophical or religious tradition in which the basic concept is to establish harmony with the Tao , which is the mechanism of everything that exists... deity (常阳太尊石像) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
Shanxi Provincial Museum, Taiyuan Taiyuan Taiyuan is the capital and largest city of Shanxi province in North China. At the 2010 census, it had a total population of 4,201,591 inhabitants on 6959 km² whom 3,212,500 are urban on 1,460 km². The name of the city literally means "Great Plains", referring to the location where the Fen River... |
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| Jade ceremonial dagger-axe Dagger-axe The dagger-axe is a type of weapon that was in use from Shang dynasty until at least Han dynasty China. It consists of a dagger-shaped blade made of jade , bronze, or later iron, mounted by the tang of the dagger to a perpendicular wooden shaft with a spear point... (大玉戈) |
Shang Dynasty Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley... (1600–1046 BCE) |
1974 | Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum is one of the best-known museums in China, with a large amount of State-level historic and cultural relics. Established in 1953, the museum moved to its present location in 1960 and gained its present name in 1963... , Wuhan Wuhan Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers... |
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| Set of 64 ceremonial bronze bells Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng The Bianzhong of Marquis Yi of Zeng , or Zenghouyi Bells, were bianzhong unearthed in 1978 in the Zeng-hou-yi Tomb in Sui County, Hubei Province, China. The bianzhong were made in 433 B.C..... from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng The Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng is an important archaeological site in Suizhou, Hubei, China, dated sometime after 433 BCE. The tomb contained the remains of Marquis Yi of Zeng... (曾侯乙编钟) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1978 | Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum is one of the best-known museums in China, with a large amount of State-level historic and cultural relics. Established in 1953, the museum moved to its present location in 1960 and gained its present name in 1963... , Wuhan Wuhan Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers... |
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| Carved and lacquered wooden outer coffin from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng The Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng is an important archaeological site in Suizhou, Hubei, China, dated sometime after 433 BCE. The tomb contained the remains of Marquis Yi of Zeng... (曾侯乙墓外棺) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1978 | Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum is one of the best-known museums in China, with a large amount of State-level historic and cultural relics. Established in 1953, the museum moved to its present location in 1960 and gained its present name in 1963... , Wuhan Wuhan Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers... |
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| Pair of intricately decorated bronze food and wine vessels cast using the lost-wax process from the tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng The Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng is an important archaeological site in Suizhou, Hubei, China, dated sometime after 433 BCE. The tomb contained the remains of Marquis Yi of Zeng... (曾侯乙青铜尊盘) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1978 | Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum is one of the best-known museums in China, with a large amount of State-level historic and cultural relics. Established in 1953, the museum moved to its present location in 1960 and gained its present name in 1963... , Wuhan Wuhan Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers... |
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| Wooden screen with carved images of phoenix Fenghuang Fenghuang are mythological birds of East Asia that reign over all other birds. The males are called Feng and the females Huang. In modern times, however, such a distinction of gender is often no longer made and the Feng and Huang are blurred into a single feminine entity so that the bird can be... es and deer, decorated with polychromatic lacquer (彩漆木雕小座屏) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1965 | Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum Hubei Provincial Museum is one of the best-known museums in China, with a large amount of State-level historic and cultural relics. Established in 1953, the museum moved to its present location in 1960 and gained its present name in 1963... , Wuhan Wuhan Wuhan is the capital of Hubei province, People's Republic of China, and is the most populous city in Central China. It lies at the east of the Jianghan Plain, and the intersection of the middle reaches of the Yangtze and Han rivers... |
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| Clay sculpture of the head of a goddess, inlaid with jade eyes, from the Hongshan culture Hongshan culture The Hongshan culture was a Neolithic culture in northeastern China. Hongshan sites have been found in an area stretching from Inner Mongolia to Liaoning, and dated from about 4700 BC to 2900 BC.... temple at Niuheliang Niuheliang Niuheliang is a Neolithic archaeological site in China, located in the northeastern province of Liaoning in Manchuria along the middle and upper reaches of the Laoha River and the Yingjin River. Discovered in 1983, Niuheliang is an exemplary site of the Hongshan culture... (红山文化女神像) |
Neolithic | 1983 | Liaoning Institute of Archaeology | ||
| Duck-shaped glass object (鸭形玻璃注) |
Northern Yan Northern Yan The Northern Yan was a state of Han Chinese during the era of Sixteen Kingdoms in China.The second Emperor of Northern Yan, Feng Ba, was Han chinese.All rulers of the Northern Yan declared themselves "emperors".-Rulers of the Northern Yan:... (407–436) |
1965 | Liaoning Province Museum Liaoning Province Museum The Liaoning Provincial Museum a prominent museum of history and fine arts located in Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.-History:Shenyang was taken by the communist troops on November 2 1948. Upon the approval of the Northeast People's Government, the Northeast Museum was created and was opened... , Shenyang Shenyang Shenyang , or Mukden , is the capital and largest city of Liaoning Province in Northeast China. Currently holding sub-provincial administrative status, the city was once known as Shengjing or Fengtianfu... |
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| 4 metre tall bronze tree with a dragon curling up the trunk, and leaves, fruit and birds on the branches (青铜神树) |
Shang Dynasty Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley... (1600–1046 BCE) |
1986 | Sichuan Institute of Archaeology | ||
| Ceremonial jade object with engraved drawings of stylized human figures (三星堆出土玉边璋) |
Shang Dynasty Shang Dynasty The Shang Dynasty or Yin Dynasty was, according to traditional sources, the second Chinese dynasty, after the Xia. They ruled in the northeastern regions of the area known as "China proper" in the Yellow River valley... (1600–1046 BCE) |
1986 | Sichuan Institute of Archaeology | ||
| 2 metre tall bronze tree with coins on its branches and a phoenix perched at the top (摇钱树) |
Eastern Han (25–220) | 1990 | Mianyang Museum | ||
| Bronze sculpture of a galloping horse (铜奔马) |
Eastern Han (25–220) | 1969 | Gansu Provincial Museum, Lanzhou Lanzhou Lanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu Province in Northwest China. A prefecture-level city, it is a key regional transportation hub, allowing areas further west to maintain railroad connections to the eastern half of the country.... |
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| Two half-scale bronze sculptures of chariots, each pulled by four horses, from the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor Terracotta Army The Terracotta Army or the "Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses", is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China... (铜车马) |
Qin Dynasty Qin Dynasty The Qin Dynasty was the first imperial dynasty of China, lasting from 221 to 207 BC. The Qin state derived its name from its heartland of Qin, in modern-day Shaanxi. The strength of the Qin state was greatly increased by the legalist reforms of Shang Yang in the 4th century BC, during the Warring... (221–206 BCE) |
1980 | Museum of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shihuang Terracotta Army The Terracotta Army or the "Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses", is a collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China... , Lintong |
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| Bronze washbowl with an inscription commemorating the ancestors of a court historian called Qiang (墙盘) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
1967 | Fufeng Zhouyuan Museum | ||
| Large bronze ding Ding (vessel) A ding is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other. They were made in two shapes with round vessels having three legs and rectangular ones four.... vessel with three handles and ox-head decoration (淳化大鼎) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
1979 | Chunhua Museum | ||
| Bronze zun Zun The zun or yi is an ancient type of Chinese bronze or ceramic wine vessel with a round or square vase-like form, and sometimes in the shape of an animal, dating from the Shang Dynasty. Used in religious ceremonies to hold wine, the zun has a wide lip to facilitate pouring. Vessels have been... wine vessel with an inscription recording the construction of the capital at Luoyang Luoyang Luoyang is a prefecture-level city in western Henan province of Central China. It borders the provincial capital of Zhengzhou to the east, Pingdingshan to the southeast, Nanyang to the south, Sanmenxia to the west, Jiyuan to the north, and Jiaozuo to the northeast.Situated on the central plain of... by King Cheng of Zhou King Cheng of Zhou King Cheng of Zhou or King Ch'eng of Chou was the second sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The dates of his reign are 1042-1021 BC or 1042/35-1006 BC King Cheng was young when he ascended the throne... (何尊) |
Western Zhou Western Zhou The Western Zhōu period was the first half of the Zhou Dynasty of ancient China. It began when King Wu of Zhou overthrew the Shang Dynasty at the Battle of Muye. C.H... (1046–771 BCE) |
1963 | Baoji Museum | ||
| Stone sculptures from the tomb of Huo Qubing Huo Qubing Huo Qubing , born in Linfen, Shanxi, was a general of the western Han dynasty under Emperor Wu. Being the illegitimate son of Wei Shaoer, he was the nephew of Wei Qing and Empress Wei Zifu.... at the mausoleum of Emperor Wu of Han Emperor Wu of Han Emperor Wu of Han , , personal name Liu Che , was the seventh emperor of the Han Dynasty of China, ruling from 141 BC to 87 BC. Emperor Wu is best remembered for the vast territorial expansion that occurred under his reign, as well as the strong and centralized Confucian state he organized... at Maoling (茂陵石雕) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | Maoling Museum, Xianyang | |
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| Nestorian Stele Nestorian Stele The Nestorian Stele is aTang Chinese stele erected in 781 that documents 150 years of history of early Christianity in China. It is a 279-cm tall limestone block with text in both Chinese and Syriac, describing the existence of Christian communities in several cities in northern China... — a stele Stele A stele , also stela , is a stone or wooden slab, generally taller than it is wide, erected for funerals or commemorative purposes, most usually decorated with the names and titles of the deceased or living — inscribed, carved in relief , or painted onto the slab... recording the introduction of Christianity Nestorianism Nestorianism is a Christological doctrine advanced by Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople from 428–431. The doctrine, which was informed by Nestorius's studies under Theodore of Mopsuestia at the School of Antioch, emphasizes the disunion between the human and divine natures of Jesus... into China in 635 (大秦景教流行中国碑) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
Shaanxi Shaanxi ' is a province in the central part of Mainland China, and it includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River in addition to the Qinling Mountains across the southern part of this province... |
1623 | Xi'an Beilin Museum Stele Forest The Stele Forest, or Xi'an Beilin Museum , is a museum for steles and stone sculptures which is located in Xi'an, China. Founded in 1944, it was the principal museum for Shaanxi province on the site of what was formerly an 11th century Confucius Temple... , Xi'an |
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| Gilt silver jug imitating the shape of a leather water bottle, with a design of prancing horses (舞马衔杯仿皮囊式银壶) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
1970 | Shaanxi History Museum Shaanxi History Museum Shaanxi History Museum, which located to the northwest of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the ancient city Xi'an, in the Shaanxi province of China, is one of the first huge state museums with modern facilities in China. The museum houses over 300,000 items including murals, paintings, pottery,... , Xi'an |
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| Zoomorphic drinking horn Rhyton A rhyton is a container from which fluids were intended to be drunk, or else poured in some ceremony such as libation. Rhytons were very common in ancient Persia, where they were called takuk... made from agate (兽首玛瑙杯) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
1970 | Shaanxi History Museum Shaanxi History Museum Shaanxi History Museum, which located to the northwest of the Giant Wild Goose Pagoda in the ancient city Xi'an, in the Shaanxi province of China, is one of the first huge state museums with modern facilities in China. The museum houses over 300,000 items including murals, paintings, pottery,... , Xi'an |
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| Bronze bell cast in 711, weighing 6,500 kg, originally from the bell tower at the Tang capital Chang'an Chang'an Chang'an is an ancient capital of more than ten dynasties in Chinese history, today known as Xi'an. Chang'an literally means "Perpetual Peace" in Classical Chinese. During the short-lived Xin Dynasty, the city was renamed "Constant Peace" ; yet after its fall in AD 23, the old name was restored... (景云铜钟) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
Xi'an Beilin Museum Stele Forest The Stele Forest, or Xi'an Beilin Museum , is a museum for steles and stone sculptures which is located in Xi'an, China. Founded in 1944, it was the principal museum for Shaanxi province on the site of what was formerly an 11th century Confucius Temple... , Xi'an |
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| Gilt and silvered monk's staff donated to Famen Temple Famen Temple Famen Temple is located in Famen town, Fufeng County, 120 kilometers west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi province. It was widely regarded as the "ancestor of pagoda temples in Guanzhong area".-History:... by Emperor Yizong of Tang Emperor Yizong of Tang Emperor Yizong of Tang , né Li Wen , later changed to Li Cui , was an emperor of the Tang dynasty of China. He reigned from 859 to 873. Yizong was the eldest son of Emperor Xuānzong... in 873 (银花双轮十二环锡杖) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
1987 | Famen Temple Museum Famen Temple Famen Temple is located in Famen town, Fufeng County, 120 kilometers west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi province. It was widely regarded as the "ancestor of pagoda temples in Guanzhong area".-History:... , Fufeng |
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| Set of eight nested relic boxes Reliquary A reliquary is a container for relics. These may be the physical remains of saints, such as bones, pieces of clothing, or some object associated with saints or other religious figures... containing a relic supposed to be a finger bone from Śākyamuni Buddha Gautama Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama was a spiritual teacher from the Indian subcontinent, on whose teachings Buddhism was founded. In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha Siddhārtha Gautama (Sanskrit: सिद्धार्थ गौतम; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher from the Indian... , from Famen Temple Famen Temple Famen Temple is located in Famen town, Fufeng County, 120 kilometers west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi province. It was widely regarded as the "ancestor of pagoda temples in Guanzhong area".-History:... (八重宝函) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
1987 | Famen Temple Museum Famen Temple Famen Temple is located in Famen town, Fufeng County, 120 kilometers west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi province. It was widely regarded as the "ancestor of pagoda temples in Guanzhong area".-History:... , Fufeng |
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| Bronze model pagoda from Famen Temple Famen Temple Famen Temple is located in Famen town, Fufeng County, 120 kilometers west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi province. It was widely regarded as the "ancestor of pagoda temples in Guanzhong area".-History:... (铜浮屠) |
Tang Dynasty Tang Dynasty The Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire... (618–907) |
1987 | Famen Temple Museum Famen Temple Famen Temple is located in Famen town, Fufeng County, 120 kilometers west of Xi'an City, Shaanxi province. It was widely regarded as the "ancestor of pagoda temples in Guanzhong area".-History:... , Fufeng |
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| Brocade arm protector embroided with the words "Five stars rise in the east, benefitting China" (“五星出东方”护膊) |
Eastern Han (25–220) to Jin (265–420) | 1995 | Xinjiang Institute of Archaeology | ||
| Bronze table frame inlaid with gold and silver, decorated with figures of four dragons and four phoenixes (铜错金银四龙四凤方案) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1974 | Hebei Institute of Cultural Relics | ||
| Bronze ding Ding (vessel) A ding is an ancient Chinese cauldron with legs, a lid and two handles opposite each other. They were made in two shapes with round vessels having three legs and rectangular ones four.... vessel with iron feet from the tomb of the King of Zhongshan Zhongshan (state) Zhongshan was a Di state created by the nomadic Xianyu tribe in China during the later Zhou Dynasty, in the Chinese written sources it is referred to as a state of the Bai Di .)... (中山王铁足铜鼎) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1977 | Hebei Institute of Cultural Relics | ||
| Jade burial suit Jade burial suit A Jade burial suit is a ceremonial suit made of pieces of jade in which royal members in Han Dynasty China were buried.-Structure of a jade burial suit:... from the tomb of the Prince Jing of Zhongshan Liu Sheng Liu Sheng , Prince Jing of Zhongshan , was a Chinese prince of the Western Han dynasty. His father was Emperor Jing, and he was the elder brother of Emperor Wu of Han... (刘胜金缕玉衣) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | 1968 | Hebei Provincial Museum, Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang is the capital and largest city of North China's Hebei province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about south of Beijing... |
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| Gilt bronze lamp in the shape of a serving girl, from the tomb of the wife of Prince Jing of Zhongshan Liu Sheng Liu Sheng , Prince Jing of Zhongshan , was a Chinese prince of the Western Han dynasty. His father was Emperor Jing, and he was the elder brother of Emperor Wu of Han... (长信宫灯) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | 1968 | Hebei Provincial Museum, Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang Shijiazhuang is the capital and largest city of North China's Hebei province. Administratively a prefecture-level city, it is about south of Beijing... |
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| Five bronze pieces from an otherwise decayed folding screen Folding Screen A folding screen , is a piece of free-standing furniture which consists of several frames or panels connected by hinges. It can be made in a variety of designs and with different kinds of materials. Screens have many practical and decorative uses... , from the tomb of the King of Nanyue (铜屏风构件5件) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | 1983 | Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King, Guangzhou | ||
| Horn-shaped jade cup from the tomb of the King of Nanyue (角形玉杯) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | 1983 | Museum of the Mausoleum of the Nanyue King, Guangzhou | ||
| Silk painting depicting a man riding a dragon (人物御龙帛画) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1949 | Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum is the provincial museum of Hunan province in China built in 1951 and opened to the public in July 1956. It is located in the city capital of Changsha at No... , Changsha |
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| Silk painting depicting a man with a dragon and a phoenix (人物龙凤帛画) |
Warring States Period Warring States Period The Warring States Period , also known as the Era of Warring States, or the Warring Kingdoms period, covers the Iron Age period from about 475 BC to the reunification of China under the Qin Dynasty in 221 BC... (475–221 BCE) |
1949 | Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum is the provincial museum of Hunan province in China built in 1951 and opened to the public in July 1956. It is located in the city capital of Changsha at No... , Changsha |
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| Plain gauze robe from the tomb of the Marquis of Dai at Mawangdui (直裾素纱禅衣) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | 1972 | Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum is the provincial museum of Hunan province in China built in 1951 and opened to the public in July 1956. It is located in the city capital of Changsha at No... , Changsha |
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| Wooden outer coffin from the tomb of the Marquis of Dai at Mawangdui (马王堆一号墓木棺椁) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | 1972 | Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum is the provincial museum of Hunan province in China built in 1951 and opened to the public in July 1956. It is located in the city capital of Changsha at No... , Changsha |
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| T-shaped silk funeral banner from the tomb of the Marquis of Dai at Mawangdui (马王堆一号墓T型帛画) |
Western Han (206 BCE – 9 CE) | 1972 | Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum Hunan Provincial Museum is the provincial museum of Hunan province in China built in 1951 and opened to the public in July 1956. It is located in the city capital of Changsha at No... , Changsha |
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| Brocade banner depicting the Sun God and hunting scenes (红地云珠日天锦) |
Northern Dynasties Northern dynasties The Northern Dynasties included Northern Wei Dynasty, Eastern Wei Dynasty, Western Wei Dynasty, Northern Qi Dynasty, Northern Zhou Dynasty.Also see Southern and Northern Dynasties.-External links:*... (386–581) |
1983 | Qinghai Institute of Archaeology | ||
| Nine volumes of Buddhist texts Auspicious Tantra of All-Reaching Union The Auspicious Tantra of All-Reaching Union is the title of a set of nine volumes of Buddhist printed texts written in the Tangut language and script which was discovered in the ruins of the Baisigou Square Pagoda in Helan County, Ningxia, China in 1991 after it... written in the Tangut language Tangut language Tangut is an ancient northeastern Tibeto-Burman language once spoken in the Western Xia Dynasty, also known as the Tangut Empire. It is classified by some linguists as one of the Qiangic languages, which also include Qiang and rGyalrong, among others... that were printed using wooden movable type, from Baisigou Square Pagoda Baisigou Square Pagoda Baisigou Square Pagoda was a brick pagoda in Helan County, Ningxia, China, built during the Western Xia period . It is situated in an isolated location about 10 km into the Baisigou Valley on the eastern side of the Helan Mountains, northwest of Yinchuan, but may have been the site of an... (西夏文佛经《吉祥遍至口和本续》纸本) |
Western Xia Western Xia The Western Xia Dynasty or the Tangut Empire, was known to the Tanguts and the Tibetans as Minyak.The state existed from 1038 to 1227 AD in what are now the northwestern Chinese provinces of Ningxia, Gansu, eastern Qinghai, northern Shaanxi, northeastern Xinjiang, southwest Inner Mongolia, and... (1038–1227) |
1991 | Ningxia Institute of Archaeology | |
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| Red-glazed pottery model of a granary (青花釉里红瓷仓) |
Yuan Dynasty Yuan Dynasty The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an... (1271–1368) |
1974 | Jiangxi Provincial Museum, Nanchang Nanchang Nanchang is the capital of Jiangxi Province in southeastern China. It is located in the north-central portion of the province. As it is bounded on the west by the Jiuling Mountains, and on the east by Poyang Lake, it is famous for its scenery, rich history and cultural sites... |
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| Picture of the Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove The Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove were a group of Chinese Taoist Qingtan scholars, writers, and musicians who came together in the 3rd century CE. Although the individual members all existed, their interconnection is not entirely certain... composed from more than 300 moulded bricks (竹林七贤砖印模画) |
Southern Dynasties Southern dynasties The Southern dynasties comprise the Liu Song, Southern Qi, Liang Dynasty and Chen Dynasty, whose capital were at Jiankang , and Emperor Yuan of Liang, as well as the later Western Liang emperors , also set their... (420–589) |
1960 | Nanjing Museum Nanjing Museum Nanjing Museum is located in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China, on East Zhongshan Road, about 3 km from the Xinjiekou traffic circle to the east, just inside Zhongshan Gate... |
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