List of Fellows of the Royal Society
Encyclopedia
About 8,000 Fellows have been elected to the Royal Society of London since its inception in 1660. Below is an incomplete list of people who are or were notable Fellows or Foreign Members of the Royal Society. The date of election to the Fellowship follows the name. Dates in brackets relate to an award or event associated with the person.
Links to a complete alphabetic list are also provided. The Royal Society itself maintains complete online lists of current Fellows and of past and current Fellows.
Links to a complete alphabetic list are also provided. The Royal Society itself maintains complete online lists of current Fellows and of past and current Fellows.
Complete list
| A,B,C | D,E,F | G,H,I | J,K,L | M,N,O | P,Q,R | S,T,U,V | W,X,Y,Z |
|---|
A
- Edgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian of CambridgeEdgar Adrian, 1st Baron AdrianEdgar Douglas Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian OM PRS was a British electrophysiologist and recipient of the 1932 Nobel Prize for Physiology, won jointly with Sir Charles Sherrington for work on the function of neurons....
, 1923, President of the Royal Society (1950–1955) - Sir George Biddell Airy, 1836, President of the Royal Society (1871–1873)
- Emmanuel Ciprian Amoroso, 1957, Trinidadian physiologist
- Sir David Frederick Attenborough, 1983, naturalist and broadcaster
- John James AudubonJohn James AudubonJohn James Audubon was a French-American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He was notable for his expansive studies to document all types of American birds and for his detailed illustrations that depicted the birds in their natural habitats...
, 1830, naturalist and painter
B
- Charles BabbageCharles BabbageCharles Babbage, FRS was an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor and mechanical engineer who originated the concept of a programmable computer...
, 1816, mathematician and inventor, designed first programmable computer - Joseph BanksJoseph BanksSir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, GCB, PRS was an English naturalist, botanist and patron of the natural sciences. He took part in Captain James Cook's first great voyage . Banks is credited with the introduction to the Western world of eucalyptus, acacia, mimosa and the genus named after him,...
, 1766, naturalist, sailed with Captain Cook (1768-1771) - Max BornMax BornMax Born was a German-born physicist and mathematician who was instrumental in the development of quantum mechanics. He also made contributions to solid-state physics and optics and supervised the work of a number of notable physicists in the 1920s and 30s...
, physicist, 1939, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1954) - Sydney BrennerSydney BrennerSydney Brenner, CH FRS is a South African biologist and a 2002 Nobel prize in Physiology or Medicine laureate, shared with H...
, 1965, Nobel Prize (2002) - Isambard Kingdom BrunelIsambard Kingdom BrunelIsambard Kingdom Brunel, FRS , was a British civil engineer who built bridges and dockyards including the construction of the first major British railway, the Great Western Railway; a series of steamships, including the first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship; and numerous important bridges...
, 1830, engineer and inventor, built Great Western Railway - Alan BaddeleyAlan BaddeleyAlan David Baddeley FRS, CBE is a British psychologist. He is professor of psychology at the University of York. He is known for his work on working memory, in particular for his multiple components model.-Education:...
, 1993, Psychologist
C
- Henry John CarterHenry John CarterHenry John Carter, FRS was a surgeon working in Bombay, India, who carried out work in geology and zoology. He worked as an army surgeon in Bombay from 1859 on Her Majesty's Indian Service, Bombay Establishment. He edited a collection of geological papers on Western India, including a summary of...
, 1859, surgeon, geologist and zoologist - Henry CavendishHenry CavendishHenry Cavendish FRS was a British scientist noted for his discovery of hydrogen or what he called "inflammable air". He described the density of inflammable air, which formed water on combustion, in a 1766 paper "On Factitious Airs". Antoine Lavoisier later reproduced Cavendish's experiment and...
, 1760, discoverer of hydrogen - Sir Ernst Boris ChainErnst Boris ChainSir Ernst Boris Chain was a German-born British biochemist, and a 1945 co-recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine for his work on penicillin.-Biography:...
, 1949, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1965) - Sir Winston S. ChurchillWinston ChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice...
, 1941, politician - Sir James ChadwickJames ChadwickSir James Chadwick CH FRS was an English Nobel laureate in physics awarded for his discovery of the neutron....
, 1927, Nobel Prize (1935) - Sir Christopher CockerellChristopher CockerellSir Christopher Sydney Cockerell CBE FRS was an English engineer, inventor of the hovercraft.-Life:Cockerell was born in Cambridge, where his father, Sir Sydney Cockerell, was curator of the Fitzwilliam Museum, having previously been the secretary of William Morris. Christopher Cockerell was...
, 1967, inventor of the hovercraft - Captain James CookJames CookCaptain James Cook, FRS, RN was a British explorer, navigator and cartographer who ultimately rose to the rank of captain in the Royal Navy...
, 1775, explorer and cartographer - John Lodge CowleyJohn Lodge CowleyJohn Lodge Cowley was an English cartographer, geologist and Mathematician.John Cowley was a professor of mathematics at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich – London for a number of years between 1761 and 1773. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in April, 1768...
, 1768, cartographer, geologist and Mathematician. - Francis CrickFrancis CrickFrancis Harry Compton Crick OM FRS was an English molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, and most noted for being one of two co-discoverers of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953, together with James D. Watson...
, 1959, molecular biologist, co-discoverer of DNA
D
- Henry Daniels, President of the Royal Statistical SocietyPresident of the Royal Statistical SocietyThe President of the Royal Statistical Society is the head of the Royal Statistical Society , elected biannually by the Fellows of the Society. ....
(1980) - John DaltonJohn DaltonJohn Dalton FRS was an English chemist, meteorologist and physicist. He is best known for his pioneering work in the development of modern atomic theory, and his research into colour blindness .-Early life:John Dalton was born into a Quaker family at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth, Cumberland,...
, 1822, chemist, developed atomic theory, researched colour blindness. - Charles DarwinCharles DarwinCharles Robert Darwin FRS was an English naturalist. He established that all species of life have descended over time from common ancestry, and proposed the scientific theory that this branching pattern of evolution resulted from a process that he called natural selection.He published his theory...
, 1839, British naturalist - Dr Erasmus DarwinErasmus DarwinErasmus Darwin was an English physician who turned down George III's invitation to be a physician to the King. One of the key thinkers of the Midlands Enlightenment, he was also a natural philosopher, physiologist, slave trade abolitionist,inventor and poet...
, 1761, physician, poet, inventor (grandfather of Charles Darwin) - Sir Humphry DavyHumphry DavySir Humphry Davy, 1st Baronet FRS MRIA was a British chemist and inventor. He is probably best remembered today for his discoveries of several alkali and alkaline earth metals, as well as contributions to the discoveries of the elemental nature of chlorine and iodine...
, 1803, British chemist, PRS 1820-1827 - Richard DawkinsRichard DawkinsClinton Richard Dawkins, FRS, FRSL , known as Richard Dawkins, is a British ethologist, evolutionary biologist and author...
, 2001, evolutionary biologist - Benjamin Disraeli, 1876, politician
E
- Richard Lovell EdgeworthRichard Lovell EdgeworthRichard Lovell Edgeworth was an Anglo-Irish politician, writer and inventor.-Biography:Edgeworth was born in Pierrepont Street, Bath, England, grandson of Sir Salathiel Lovell through his daughter, Jane Lovell....
, 1781, writer, inventor - Sir Michael EpsteinAnthony EpsteinSir Michael Anthony Epstein CBE, FRS is one of the discoverers of the Epstein-Barr virus.Epstein was educated at St. Paul's School in London, Trinity College, Cambridge and Middlesex Hospital Medical School. Epstein was Professor of Pathology, 1968-85 , and Head of Department, 1968-82 at the...
, 1979, pathologist, virologist, Vice-President of the Royal Society (1986–1991)
F
- Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, 1724, German physicist and engineer
- Michael FaradayMichael FaradayMichael Faraday, FRS was an English chemist and physicist who contributed to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry....
, 1824, Chemist - Sir Monty FinnistonMonty FinnistonSir Harold Montague "Monty" Finniston was a British industrialist born in Glasgow, Scotland.Monty Finniston read metallurgical chemistry at Glasgow University, where he gained his PhD and then lectured in metallurgy. He spent the years of the Second World War in the Royal Naval Scientific Service...
, 1969, Vice-President of the Royal Society (1971–1972) - Sir Ronald FisherRonald FisherSir Ronald Aylmer Fisher FRS was an English statistician, evolutionary biologist, eugenicist and geneticist. Among other things, Fisher is well known for his contributions to statistics by creating Fisher's exact test and Fisher's equation...
, 1929, statistician and evolutionary biologist - Sir Alexander FlemingAlexander FlemingSir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy...
, 1943, discoverer of penicillin, Nobel Prize (1945) - Sir Otto FrankelOtto FrankelSir Otto Herzberg Frankel was an Austrian-born Australian geneticist.- Early life and family :...
, 1953, geneticist - Benjamin FranklinBenjamin FranklinDr. Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. A noted polymath, Franklin was a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, postmaster, scientist, musician, inventor, satirist, civic activist, statesman, and diplomat...
, 1756, nature of electricity, one of few colonial Fellows
G
- Dennis GaborDennis GaborDennis Gabor CBE, FRS was a Hungarian-British electrical engineer and inventor, most notable for inventing holography, for which he later received the 1971 Nobel Prize in Physics....
, 1952, physicist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1971) - H.J. GoughH.J. GoughHerbert John Gough, CB, MBE, FRS was a British engineer, and research director.-Life:Born Bermondsey, London, he attended the Regent Street Polytechnic, and won a scholarship to University College London. In 1909, he became an apprentice at Vickers, Sons in 1913. He graduated from the University...
, 1933, engineer at NPL, director of scientific research at the Ministry of SupplyMinistry of SupplyThe Ministry of Supply was a department of the UK Government formed in 1939 to co-ordinate the supply of equipment to all three British armed forces, headed by the Minister of Supply. There was, however, a separate ministry responsible for aircraft production and the Admiralty retained...
, and pioneer in metal fatigueMetal FatigueMetal Fatigue , is a futuristic science fiction, real-time strategy computer game developed by Zono Incorporated and published by Psygnosis and TalonSoft .-Plot:... - Henry GrayHenry GrayHenry Gray was an English anatomist and surgeon most notable for publishing the book Gray's Anatomy. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society at the age of 25.-Biography:...
, 1852, anatomist and surgeon - Augustus Bozzi GranvilleAugustus GranvilleAugustus Bozzi Granville MD, FRS was a physician, writer, and Italian patriot.Born in Milan, he studied medicine before leaving to avoid being enlisted in Napoleon's army. After practicing medicine in Greece, Turkey, Spain, and Portugal, he joined the British Navy and sailed to the West Indies...
, 1817, physician and writer
- Michael GreenMichael Green (physicist)Michael Boris Green FRS is a British physicist and one of the pioneers of string theory. Currently a professor in the Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics and a Fellow in Clare Hall at the University of Cambridge in England, he succeeded Stephen Hawking on 1 November 2009...
, 1989, string theorist - Sir Ludwig GuttmannLudwig GuttmannSir Ludwig "Poppa" Guttmann CBE, FRS was a German neurologist who founded the Paralympic Games while living in England, and is considered one of the founding fathers of organized physical activities for people with a disability....
, 1976, neurologist
H
- Stephen HawkingStephen HawkingStephen William Hawking, CH, CBE, FRS, FRSA is an English theoretical physicist and cosmologist, whose scientific books and public appearances have made him an academic celebrity...
, 1974, theoretical physicist - Sir William HerschelWilliam HerschelSir Frederick William Herschel, KH, FRS, German: Friedrich Wilhelm Herschel was a German-born British astronomer, technical expert, and composer. Born in Hanover, Wilhelm first followed his father into the Military Band of Hanover, but emigrated to Britain at age 19...
, 1781, astronomer, discoverer of Uranus - Sir Ian HeilbronIan HeilbronSir Ian Morris Heilbron DSO FRS was a British chemist and a Fellow of the Royal Society . He was knighted in 1946...
, 1931, chemist - Sir Peter HirschPeter HirschSir Peter Bernhard Hirsch FRS is a leading figure in British materials science who has made fundamental contributions to the application of transmission electron microscopy to metals....
, 1963, material science - Dorothy Hodgkin, 1947, chemist, proved structure of insulin, penicillin and vitamin B12. Nobel Prize (1964)
- Sir Fred HoyleFred HoyleSir Fred Hoyle FRS was an English astronomer and mathematician noted primarily for his contribution to the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis and his often controversial stance on other cosmological and scientific matters—in particular his rejection of the "Big Bang" theory, a term originally...
, 1957, astronomer and cosmologist, rejected "Big-bang theory" - Robert HookeRobert HookeRobert Hooke FRS was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath.His adult life comprised three distinct periods: as a scientific inquirer lacking money; achieving great wealth and standing through his reputation for hard work and scrupulous honesty following the great fire of 1666, but...
, 1664, natural philosopher, architect and polymath.
I
- Alick IsaacsAlick IsaacsAlick Isaacs was a British virologist. He is best remembered for his work on interferon, having been Head of the Laboratory for Research on Interferon, National Institute for Medical Research, 1964–7....
, 1966, virologist, interferonInterferonInterferons are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens—such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites—or tumor cells. They allow communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors.IFNs belong to... - Sir Alec Arnold Constantine Issigonis, 1967, engineer, designed the BMC Mini
J
- Daniel Ernst JablonskiDaniel Ernst JablonskiDaniel Ernst Jablonski , German theologian and reformer of Czech origin, known for his efforts to bring about a union between Lutheran and Calvinist Protestants.-Life:...
, 1713, German theologian, and reformer, - Edward JennerEdward JennerEdward Anthony Jenner was an English scientist who studied his natural surroundings in Berkeley, Gloucestershire...
, 1789, physician, pioneer of vaccination - Alexander Robert JohnstonAlexander Robert JohnstonAlexander Robert Campbell-Johnston was a British colonial official who served twice as acting administrator of the former British colony of Hong Kong from 1841 to 1842...
, 1845, diplomat - Dame Carole JordanCarole JordanProfessor Dame Carole Jordan, DBE, FRS, FInstP, was the first ever female president of the Royal Astronomical Society. She was also only the third female recipient of its Gold Medal .-Education:Carole Jordan was educated at Harrow County Grammar School for Girls and at University College London...
, 1990, astrophysicist - Brian David JosephsonBrian David JosephsonBrian David Josephson, FRS is a Welsh physicist. He became a Nobel Prize laureate in 1973 for the prediction of the eponymous Josephson effect....
, 1970, physicist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1973) - Anthony Trafford, JAMES CBE, PhD, formerly Head of Division of Biosciences, Unilever's Colworth House Laboratories. [1975]
K
- Sir Bernard KatzBernard KatzSir Bernard Katz, FRS was a German-born biophysicist, noted for his work on nerve biochemistry. He shared the Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine in 1970 with Julius Axelrod and Ulf von Euler...
, 1952, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for Medicine (1970) - Olga KennardOlga KennardOlga Kennard, née Weisz is a British crystallographer, and was Director of the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre from 1965 to 1997.She was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1987 and awarded the OBE in 1988...
, 1987, crystallographer - Sir Aaron KlugAaron KlugSir Aaron Klug, OM, PRS is a Lithuanian-born British chemist and biophysicist, and winner of the 1982 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes.-Biography:Klug was...
, 1969, chemist, Nobel Prize (1982), President of Royal Society (1995–2000) - Hans Kosterlitz, 1978, biochemist, Nobel Prize (1953)
- Sir John KrebsJohn KrebsJohn Richard Krebs, Baron Krebs FRS is a world leader in zoology and more specifically bird behaviour. He is currently the Principal of Jesus College, Oxford University...
, 1984, biologist - Harold KrotoHarold KrotoSir Harold Walter Kroto, FRS , born Harold Walter Krotoschiner, is a British chemist and one of the three recipients to share the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Robert Curl and Richard Smalley....
, 1990, chemist, Nobel Prize (1996) - Nicholas KurtiNicholas KurtiProfessor Nicholas Kurti FRS was a Hungarian-born physicist who lived in Oxford, UK, for most of his life. In his era, he was one of the leading experimental physicists....
, 1956, physicist, Vice-President of Royal Society (1965–67) - Ondrej KrivanekOndrej KrivanekOndrej L. Krivanek FRS is a Czech/British physicist resident in the United States, and a leading developer of electron-optical instrumentation....
, 2010, physicist
L
- Michael LandMichael F. LandMichael Francis Land FRS is a British neurobiologist. He is currently Emeritus Professor of Neurobiology in the Sussex Vision laboratory at the Sussex Centre for Neuroscience, University of Sussex, England....
, 1982, neurobiologist - Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, 1788, French chemist,recognised Oxygen, guillotined.
- Richard LeakeyRichard LeakeyRichard Erskine Frere Leakey is a politician, paleoanthropologist and conservationist. He is second of the three sons of the archaeologists Louis Leakey and Mary Leakey, and is the younger brother of Colin Leakey...
, 2007, paleoanthropologist - Frederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount CherwellFrederick Lindemann, 1st Viscount CherwellFrederick Alexander Lindemann, 1st Viscount Cherwell FRS PC CH was an English physicist who was an influential scientific adviser to the British government, particularly Winston Churchill...
, 1920, physicist - Carl Linnaeus, 1753, Swedish botanist and zoologist, developed taxonomy
- Joseph Lister, 1860, surgeon, pioneer of antiseptic surgery
- David LivingstoneDavid LivingstoneDavid Livingstone was a Scottish Congregationalist pioneer medical missionary with the London Missionary Society and an explorer in Africa. His meeting with H. M. Stanley gave rise to the popular quotation, "Dr...
, 1858, missionary and explorer - John LockeJohn LockeJohn Locke FRS , widely known as the Father of Liberalism, was an English philosopher and physician regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers. Considered one of the first of the British empiricists, following the tradition of Francis Bacon, he is equally important to social...
, 1668, philosopher and physician
M
- Stanley MandelstamStanley MandelstamStanley Mandelstam is a South African-born theoretical physicist. He introduced the relativistically invariant Mandelstam variables into particle physics in 1958 as a convenient coordinate system for formulating his double dispersion relations...
, 1962, theoretical physicist - James Clerk MaxwellJames Clerk MaxwellJames Clerk Maxwell of Glenlair was a Scottish physicist and mathematician. His most prominent achievement was formulating classical electromagnetic theory. This united all previously unrelated observations, experiments and equations of electricity, magnetism and optics into a consistent theory...
, 1861, physicist , developed electromagnetic theory - Sir Robert MenziesRobert MenziesSir Robert Gordon Menzies, , Australian politician, was the 12th and longest-serving Prime Minister of Australia....
, 1965, twelfth Prime Minister of AustraliaPrime Minister of AustraliaThe Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful... - Sir Robert MondRobert MondSir Robert Ludwig Mond FRS, FRSE was a British chemist and archaeologist.-Early life and education:Robert Mond was born at Farnworth, Widnes, Lancashire, the elder son of Ludwig Mond, chemist and industrialist...
, 1938, chemist and archaeologist - Sir Patrick MoorePatrick MooreSir Patrick Alfred Caldwell-Moore, CBE, FRS, FRAS is a British amateur astronomer who has attained prominent status in astronomy as a writer, researcher, radio commentator and television presenter of the subject, and who is credited as having done more than any other person to raise the profile of...
, 2001, astronomer and broadcaster
N
- John NelderJohn NelderJohn Ashworth Nelder FRS was a British statistician known for his contributions to experimental design, analysis of variance, computational statistics, and statistical theory.-Contributions:...
, 1976, statistician - Albert NeubergerAlbert NeubergerAlbert Neuberger CBE FRS FRCP was Professor of Chemical Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, University of London, 1955–1973, and later Emeritus Professor.-Education in Germany:...
, 1951, chemical pathologist - Michael NeubergerMichael NeubergerMichael Samuel Neuberger FRS is a British biochemist and immunologist.-Education:He was educated at Westminster School, and then read Natural Sciences at Trinity College, Cambridge as a scholar where he obtained a Master of Arts; he then obtained a PhD at Imperial College, London.-Career:He has...
, 1993, biochemist - Bernhard NeumannBernhard NeumannBernhard Hermann Neumann AC FRS was a German-born British mathematician who was one of the leading figures in group theory, greatly influencing the direction of the subject....
, 1959, mathematician - Sir Isaac NewtonIsaac NewtonSir Isaac Newton PRS was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, and theologian, who has been "considered by many to be the greatest and most influential scientist who ever lived."...
, 1672, PRS 1703-1727, natural philosopher, mathematician, astronomer, physicist - Sir Gustav NossalGustav NossalSir Gustav Victor Joseph Nossal, AC, CBE, FRS, FAA is an Australian research biologist.-Life and career:Gustav Nossal's family was from Vienna, Austria. He was born four weeks prematurely in Bad Ischl while his mother was on holiday...
, 1982, biologist
P
- Samuel PepysSamuel PepysSamuel Pepys FRS, MP, JP, was an English naval administrator and Member of Parliament who is now most famous for the diary he kept for a decade while still a relatively young man...
, 1665, administrator, MP and diarist. President of the Royal Society (1684–1686) - Max PerutzMax PerutzMax Ferdinand Perutz, OM, CH, CBE, FRS was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of hemoglobin and globular proteins...
, 1954, chemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1962) - John Charles PolanyiJohn Charles PolanyiJohn Charles Polanyi, PC, CC, FRSC, O.Ont, FRS, born January 23, 1929) is a Canadian chemist who won the 1986 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, for his research in chemical kinetics. Polanyi was educated at Manchester University, and did postdoctoral research at the National Research Council in Canada and...
, 1971, chemist, Nobel Prize (1986) - Martyn PoliakoffMartyn PoliakoffMartyn Poliakoff CBE FRS is a British chemist, working on gaining insights into fundamental chemistry and also on developing environmentally acceptable processes and materials. The core themes of his work are supercritical fluids , infrared spectroscopy and lasers. He is a Research Professor in...
, 2002, chemist - Sir Karl PopperKarl PopperSir Karl Raimund Popper, CH FRS FBA was an Austro-British philosopher and a professor at the London School of Economics...
, 1976, philosopher of science - Thomas PoveyThomas PoveyThomas Povey FRS, was a London merchant-politician who was active in colonial affairs from the 1650s, but neutral enough in his politics to be named a member from 1660 of Charles II's Council for Foreign Plantations, making him a powerful figure in the not-yet professionalized First English...
, original member - Joseph PriestleyJoseph PriestleyJoseph Priestley, FRS was an 18th-century English theologian, Dissenting clergyman, natural philosopher, chemist, educator, and political theorist who published over 150 works...
, 1766, natural philosopher, discoverer of oxygen.
R
- Srinivasa RamanujanSrinivasa RamanujanSrīnivāsa Aiyangār Rāmānujan FRS, better known as Srinivasa Iyengar Ramanujan was a Indian mathematician and autodidact who, with almost no formal training in pure mathematics, made extraordinary contributions to mathematical analysis, number theory, infinite series and continued fractions...
, 1918, Mathematician - India - Sir C.V. Raman, 1929, Nobel Laureate in physics - India
- Derek RobertsDerek RobertsDerek Roberts twice served as provost of University College London, firstly from 1989 to 1999 and later from 2002 to 2003....
, 1980, Engineer - Sir Joseph RotblatJoseph RotblatSir Joseph Rotblat, KCMG, CBE, FRS , was a Polish-born, British-naturalised physicist.His work on nuclear fallout was a major contribution to the agreement of the Partial Test Ban Treaty...
, 1995, founder of Pugwash conference, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for Peace (1995) - Dame Miriam Louisa Rothschild, 1985, entomologist, zoologist
- Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron RothschildVictor Rothschild, 3rd Baron RothschildNathaniel Mayer Victor Rothschild, 3rd Baron Rothschild, GBE, GM, FRS was a biologist by training, a cricketer and a member of the prominent Rothschild family...
, 1953 - Bertrand Russell, 3rd Earl Russell, 1908, philosopher
- Philip RussellPhilip RussellPhilip St. John Russell, FRS, is the Director of the third division of the Max Planck Research Group at the Institute of Optics, Information and Photonics at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg. His area of research is "photonics and new materials"...
, 2005, physicist - Baron Sir Ernest RutherfordErnest RutherfordErnest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson OM, FRS was a New Zealand-born British chemist and physicist who became known as the father of nuclear physics...
, 1903, nuclear physicist
S
- Adam SmithAdam SmithAdam Smith was a Scottish social philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. One of the key figures of the Scottish Enlightenment, Smith is the author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations...
, 1767, political economist - Julius von SachsJulius von SachsJulius von Sachs was a German botanist from Breslau, Prussian Silesia.At an early age he showed a taste for natural history, becoming acquainted with the Breslau physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně. In 1851 he began studying at Charles University in Prague...
, 1888, German botanist - Sir Robert Hermann SchomburgkRobert Hermann SchomburgkSir Robert Hermann Schomburgk , was a German-born explorer for Great Britain who carried out geographical, ethnological and botanical studies in South America and the West Indies, and also fulfilled diplomatic missions for Great Britain in the Dominican Republic and Thailand.-Biography:Schomburgk...
, 1859, German explorerExplorationExploration is the act of searching or traveling around a terrain for the purpose of discovery of resources or information. Exploration occurs in all non-sessile animal species, including humans... - Sir Peter Markham Scott, 1987, naturalist and painter
- Robert StephensonRobert StephensonRobert Stephenson FRS was an English civil engineer. He was the only son of George Stephenson, the famed locomotive builder and railway engineer; many of the achievements popularly credited to his father were actually the joint efforts of father and son.-Early life :He was born on the 16th of...
,1849, pioneer railway engineer - Satyendra Nath BoseSatyendra Nath BoseSatyendra Nath Bose FRS was an Indian mathematician and physicist noted for his collaboration with Albert Einstein in developing a theory regarding the gaslike qualities of electromagnetic radiation. He is best known for his work on quantum mechanics in the early 1920s, providing the foundation...
, 1958, physicist - India
T
- William Henry Fox Talbot, 1831, pioneer of photography
- Richard TaylorRichard Taylor (mathematician)-External links:**...
, 1995, mathematician - Baroness Lady Margaret ThatcherMargaret ThatcherMargaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, was Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1979 to 1990...
, 1983, chemist and politician - Sir J.J. Thomson, 1884, physicist, discovered the electron, Nobel Prize (1906)
- William Thomson, 1st Baron KelvinWilliam Thomson, 1st Baron KelvinWilliam Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin OM, GCVO, PC, PRS, PRSE, was a mathematical physicist and engineer. At the University of Glasgow he did important work in the mathematical analysis of electricity and formulation of the first and second laws of thermodynamics, and did much to unify the emerging...
, 1851, physicist and engineer
V
- Sir John Vane, 1974, medicine, Nobel Prize (1982)
- S. R. Srinivasa VaradhanS. R. Srinivasa VaradhanSathamangalam Ranga Iyengar Srinivasa Varadhan FRS is an Indian-American mathematician from Madras , Tamil Nadu, India.-Biography:...
, 1998, mathematics, Abel Prize (2007) - Baron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, 1861, botanist
W
- Sir Robert Alexander Watson-Watt, 1941, electronics engineer, pioneer of radar
- Sir Frank WhittleFrank WhittleAir Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, CB, FRS, Hon FRAeS was a British Royal Air Force engineer officer. He is credited with independently inventing the turbojet engine Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE, CB, FRS, Hon FRAeS (1 June 1907 – 9 August 1996) was a British Royal Air...
, 1947, aircraft engineer, jet-engine pioneer - James WattJames WattJames Watt, FRS, FRSE was a Scottish inventor and mechanical engineer whose improvements to the Newcomen steam engine were fundamental to the changes brought by the Industrial Revolution in both his native Great Britain and the rest of the world.While working as an instrument maker at the...
, 1785, inventor and engineer - Josiah WedgwoodJosiah WedgwoodJosiah Wedgwood was an English potter, founder of the Wedgwood company, credited with the industrialization of the manufacture of pottery. A prominent abolitionist, Wedgwood is remembered for his "Am I Not A Man And A Brother?" anti-slavery medallion. He was a member of the Darwin–Wedgwood family...
, 1783, pottery manufacturer - Sir Isaac WolfsonIsaac WolfsonSir Isaac Wolfson, 1st Baronet FRS was a businessman and philanthropist. He was managing director of Great Universal Stores 1932-1947 and chairman 1947-1987. He established the Wolfson Foundation to distribute most of his fortune to good causes. Great Universal Stores was a mail order business...
, 1963, businessman and philanthropist - Sir Christopher WrenChristopher WrenSir Christopher Wren FRS is one of the most highly acclaimed English architects in history.He used to be accorded responsibility for rebuilding 51 churches in the City of London after the Great Fire in 1666, including his masterpiece, St. Paul's Cathedral, on Ludgate Hill, completed in 1710...
, 1663, architect, designed St Pauls Cathedral
Y
- Magdi YacoubMagdi YacoubSir Magdi Habib Yacoub, FRS , is Professor of Cardiothoracic Surgery at Imperial College London.Yacoub's major achievements may be summarised:1. Established Heart Transplantation in UK and became leading transplant surgeon in the world....
, 1999, heart surgeon - Thomas YoungThomas Young (scientist)Thomas Young was an English polymath. He is famous for having partly deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics before Jean-François Champollion eventually expanded on his work...
, 1794, physicist
Z
- Oliver ZangwillOliver ZangwillOliver Louis Zangwill FRS was an influential British neuropsychologist. He was Professor of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, 1952-81, then Professor Emeritus. He was the son of Israel Zangwill and the grandson of William Edward Ayrton...
, 1967, psychologist - Solly Zuckerman, life Baron ZuckermanSolly ZuckermanSolly Zuckerman, Baron Zuckerman, OM, KCB, FRS was a British public servant, zoologist, and scientific advisor who is best remembered as an advisor to the Allies on bombing strategy in World War II, for his work to advance the cause of nuclear non-proliferation, and for his role in bringing...
, 1943, anatomist, evolutionist
A
- Anatole AbragamAnatole AbragamAnatole Abragam was a French physicist who wrote The Principles of Nuclear Magnetism and has made significant contributions to the field of nuclear magnetic resonance. Originally from Russia, Abragam and his family emigrated to France in 1925.After being educated at the University of Paris, , he...
, 1983, French physicist, Lorentz MedalLorentz MedalLorentz Medal is a prize awarded every four years by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences. It was established in 1925 on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the doctorate of Hendrik Lorentz. This solid gold medal is given for important contributions to theoretical physics, though...
(1982), leader in study of nuclear magnetic resonanceNuclear magnetic resonanceNuclear magnetic resonance is a physical phenomenon in which magnetic nuclei in a magnetic field absorb and re-emit electromagnetic radiation... - Alexei Alexeyevich AbrikosovAlexei Alexeyevich AbrikosovAlexei Alexeyevich Abrikosov is a Soviet and Russian theoretical physicist whose main contributions are in the field of condensed matter physics. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2003.- Biography :...
, 2001, Russian physicist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(2003) - Per Oskar AndersenPer AndersenPer Oskar Andersen is a Norwegian brain researcher at the University of Oslo. Research by his lab, specifically by Terje Lømo , led to the discovery of long-term potentiation in 1966.He is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters.He is also a fellow at the Royal...
, 2002, Norwegian neurologist - Julius AxelrodJulius AxelrodJulius Axelrod was an American biochemist. He won a share of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1970 along with Bernard Katz and Ulf von Euler...
, 1979, biochemist, pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1970) - Atta ur RahmanAtta ur RahmanAtta-ur-Rahman, D.Phil., TI, SI HI, NI, is a leading scientist and scholar in the field of organic chemistry from Pakistan, especially renowned for his research in the various areas relating to natural product chemistry...
, 2006, PhD Organic Chemistry, Pakistani leading Scientist
B
- David BaltimoreDavid BaltimoreDavid Baltimore is an American biologist, university administrator, and Nobel laureate in Physiology or Medicine. He served as president of the California Institute of Technology from 1997 to 2006, and is currently the Robert A. Millikan Professor of Biology at Caltech...
, 1987, U.S. biologist, retroviruses, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1975) - Grigory BarenblattGrigory BarenblattGrigory Isaakovich Barenblatt is a Russian mathematician. He graduated in 1950 from Moscow State University, Department of Mechanics and Mathematics. He received his Ph.D. in 1953 from Moscow State University under the supervision of A. N. Kolmogorov. He also received a D.Sc. from Moscow State...
, 2000, Russian-U.S. mathematician - Seymour BenzerSeymour BenzerSeymour Benzer was an American physicist, molecular biologist and behavioral geneticist. His career began during the molecular biology revolution of the 1950s, and he eventually rose to prominence in the fields of molecular and behavioral genetics. He led a productive genetics research lab both at...
, 1976, U.S. biophysicist, genetics - Paul BergPaul BergPaul Berg is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. He was the recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1980, along with Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger. The award recognized their contributions to basic research involving nucleic acids...
, 1992, chemist, Head of Human Genome Project, Nobel Prize (1980) - Hans BetheHans BetheHans Albrecht Bethe was a German-American nuclear physicist, and Nobel laureate in physics for his work on the theory of stellar nucleosynthesis. A versatile theoretical physicist, Bethe also made important contributions to quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics, solid-state physics and...
, 1957, German-U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize (1967) - Konrad Bloch, 1985, German biochemist, Nobel Prize (1964)
- Michael Stuart BrownMichael Stuart BrownMichael Stuart Brown is an American geneticist and Nobel Laureate. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine with Joseph L. Goldstein in 1985 for describing the regulation of cholesterol metabolism.- Life and career :...
, 1991, U.S. medicine Nobel Prize (1985)
C
- Melvin CalvinMelvin CalvinMelvin Ellis Calvin was an American chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle along with Andrew Benson and James Bassham, for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He spent most of his five-decade career at the University of California, Berkeley.- Life :Calvin was born...
, 1959, U.S. photosynthesis, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1961) - Ferdinand CohnFerdinand CohnFerdinand Julius Cohn was a German biologist.Cohn was born in Breslau in the Prussian Province of Silesia. At the age of 10 he suffered hearing impairment. He received a degree in botany in 1847 at the age of nineteen at the University of Berlin. He was a teacher and researcher at University of...
, 1897, botanist, founder of the science of bacteriology
E
- Albert EinsteinAlbert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was a German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of general relativity, effecting a revolution in physics. For this achievement, Einstein is often regarded as the father of modern physics and one of the most prolific intellects in human history...
, 1921, German-U.S. physicist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1921) - Thomas EisnerThomas EisnerThomas Eisner was a German-American entomologist and ecologist, known as the "father of chemical ecology."He was a Jacob Gould Schurman Professor of Chemical Ecology at Cornell University, and Director of the Cornell Institute for Research in Chemical Ecology...
, 1997, evolutionary biology - Paul EhrlichPaul EhrlichPaul Ehrlich was a German scientist in the fields of hematology, immunology, and chemotherapy, and Nobel laureate. He is noted for curing syphilis and for his research in autoimmunity, calling it "horror autotoxicus"...
, 1910, immunology, haematology, Nobel Prize (1908) - Gertrude Elion, 1995, medicine, Nobel Prize (1988)
- Paul ErdősPaul ErdosPaul Erdős was a Hungarian mathematician. Erdős published more papers than any other mathematician in history, working with hundreds of collaborators. He worked on problems in combinatorics, graph theory, number theory, classical analysis, approximation theory, set theory, and probability theory...
, 1989, Hungarian-born Israeli U.S. mathematician
F
- Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, 1724, physicist
- Ugo FanoUgo FanoUgo Fano was an Italian American physicist, a leader in theoretical physics in the 20th century.- Biography :Ugo Fano was born into a wealthy Jewish family in Turin, Italy...
, physicist - Richard FeynmanRichard FeynmanRichard Phillips Feynman was an American physicist known for his work in the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, the theory of quantum electrodynamics and the physics of the superfluidity of supercooled liquid helium, as well as in particle physics...
, physicist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1965) - James FranckJames FranckJames Franck was a German Jewish physicist and Nobel laureate.-Biography:Franck was born to Jacob Franck and Rebecca Nachum Drucker. Franck completed his Ph.D...
, 1964, German-born U.S. physicist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1925) - Sigmund FreudSigmund FreudSigmund Freud , born Sigismund Schlomo Freud , was an Austrian neurologist who founded the discipline of psychoanalysis...
, 1936, neurologist, founder of psychoanalysis - Otto Frisch, 1948, Austrian-born British physicist
G
- Herbert Gasser, 1946, medicine, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1944) - Murray Gell-MannMurray Gell-MannMurray Gell-Mann is an American physicist and linguist who received the 1969 Nobel Prize in physics for his work on the theory of elementary particles...
, 1978, U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize (1969) - Walter GilbertWalter GilbertWalter Gilbert is an American physicist, biochemist, molecular biology pioneer, and Nobel laureate.-Biography:Gilbert was born in Boston, Massachusetts, on March 21, 1932...
, 1987, U.S. chemist, Nobel Prize (1980) - Vitaly GinzburgVitaly GinzburgVitaly Lazarevich Ginzburg ForMemRS was a Soviet theoretical physicist, astrophysicist, Nobel laureate, a member of the Russian Academy of Sciences and one of the fathers of Soviet hydrogen bomb...
, 1987, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize (2003) - Roy Glauber, 1997, U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize (2005)
- Salome Gluecksohn-WaelschSalome Gluecksohn-WaelschSalome Gluecksohn-Waelsch was a German-born U.S. geneticist and co-founder of developmental genetics.- Life and scientific career :...
, 1995, German-born U.S. geneticist, co-founder of developmental genetics - Peter GoldreichPeter GoldreichPeter Goldreich is an American astrophysicist whose research focuses on celestial mechanics, planetary rings, helioseismology and neutron stars. He is currently the Lee DuBridge Professor of Astrophysics and Planetary Physics at California Institute of Technology. Since 2005 he has also been a...
, 1904, U.S. astrophysicist - Victor GoldschmidtVictor GoldschmidtVictor Moritz Goldschmidt was a mineralogist considered to be the founder of modern geochemistry and crystal chemistry, developer of the Goldschmidt Classification of elements.-Early life & career:Goldschmidt was born in Zürich...
, 1943, Swiss-born U.S. chemist, founder of modern geochemistry - Joseph L. GoldsteinJoseph L. GoldsteinJoseph L. Goldstein from Kingstree, South Carolina is a Nobel Prize winning biochemist and geneticist, and a pioneer in the study of cholesterol metabolism.-Biography:...
, 1991, U.S. biologist, Nobel Prize (1985)
H
- George de HevesyGeorge de HevesyGeorge Charles de Hevesy, Georg Karl von Hevesy, was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role in the development of radioactive tracers to study chemical processes such as in the metabolism of animals.- Early years :Hevesy György was born in Budapest,...
, 1939, Hungarian-born Swedish chemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1943) - Roald HoffmannRoald HoffmannRoald Hoffmann is an American theoretical chemist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He currently teaches at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York.-Escape from the Holocaust:...
, 1984, Polish-born U.S. chemist, electronic structures, Nobel Prize (1981) - Erwin HahnErwin HahnErwin L. Hahn is a U.S. physicist, best known for his work on nuclear magnetic resonance . In 1950 he discovered the spin echo....
, 2000, U.S. physicist, nuclear spin echoes, nuclear magnetic resonance
J
- Francois JacobFrançois JacobFrançois Jacob is a French biologist who, together with Jacques Monod, originated the idea that control of enzyme levels in all cells occurs through feedback on transcription. He shared the 1965 Nobel Prize in Medicine with Jacques Monod and André Lwoff.-Childhood and education:François Jacob is...
, 1973, French biologist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1965) - Carl Gustav Jakob JacobiCarl Gustav Jakob JacobiCarl Gustav Jacob Jacobi was a German mathematician, widely considered to be the most inspiring teacher of his time and is considered one of the greatest mathematicians of his generation.-Biography:...
, also called Karl Jacobi, 1833, German mathematician
K
- Theodore von KármánTheodore von KarmanTheodore von Kármán was a Hungarian-American mathematician, aerospace engineer and physicist who was active primarily in the fields of aeronautics and astronautics. He is responsible for many key advances in aerodynamics, notably his work on supersonic and hypersonic airflow characterization...
, 1946, Hungarian-born U.S. aeronautical engineer - Martin KarplusMartin KarplusMartin Karplus is an Austrian-born American theoretical chemist. He has been Theodore William Richards Professor of Chemistry at Harvard University since 1979...
, Austrian-born American theoretical chemist, pioneer of molecular dynamics of biological molecules. - Ephraim KatzirEphraim KatzirEphraim Katzir was an Israeli biophysicist and former Israeli Labor Party politician. He was the fourth President of Israel from 1973 until 1978.-Biography:...
, 1977, Ukrainian-born Israeli chemist, fourth President of IsraelIsraelThe State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea... - Joseph KellerJoseph KellerJoseph B. Keller is an American mathematician who specializes in applied mathematics. He is best known for his work on the "Geometrical Theory of Diffraction" ....
, 1986, U.S. mathematician - Isaak Markovich KhalatnikovIsaak Markovich KhalatnikovIsaak Markovich Khalatnikov is a leading Soviet physicist, well known for his role in developing the BKL conjecture in general relativity.Khalatnikov was born in Dnipropetrovsk and graduated from Dnipropetrovsk State University with a degree in Physics in 1941. He has been a member of the...
, 1994, Russian physicist - Motoo KimuraMotoo Kimurawas a Japanese biologist best known for introducing the neutral theory of molecular evolution in 1968. He became one of the most influential theoretical population geneticists. He is remembered in genetics for his innovative use of diffusion equations to calculate the probability of fixation of...
, 1993, Japanese biologist, evolutionary geneticist - Marc KirschnerMarc KirschnerProfessor Marc W. Kirschner is an American cell biologist.- Biography :Kirschner graduated from Northwestern University in 1966 and in 1971 received his doctorate from the University of California, Berkeley. He held post-doc positions at Berkeley and at the University of Oxford in England. He...
, 1999, U.S. cell biologist - Walter KohnWalter KohnWalter Kohn is an Austrian-born American theoretical physicist.He was awarded, with John Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. The award recognized their contributions to the understandings of the electronic properties of materials...
, 1998, Austrian-born U.S. chemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1998) - Arthur KornbergArthur KornbergArthur Kornberg was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1959 for his discovery of "the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid " together with Dr. Severo Ochoa of New York University...
, 1970, U.S. chemist, Nobel Prize for Medicine (1959) - Martin KruskalMartin KruskalMartin David Kruskal was an American mathematician and physicist. He made fundamental contributions in many areas of mathematics and science, ranging from plasma physics to general relativity and from nonlinear analysis to asymptotic analysis...
, 1997, U.S. physicist
L
- Edwin Land, 1986, U.S. inventor
- Lev LandauLev LandauLev Davidovich Landau was a prominent Soviet physicist who made fundamental contributions to many areas of theoretical physics...
, 1960, Azebarjan-born Russian physicist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1962) - Karl LandsteinerKarl LandsteinerKarl Landsteiner , was an Austrian-born American biologist and physician of Jewish origin. He is noted for having first distinguished the main blood groups in 1900, having developed the modern system of classification of blood groups from his identification of the presence of agglutinins in the...
, 1941, Austrian-born U.S. biologist, Nobel Prize (1930) - Joshua LederbergJoshua LederbergJoshua Lederberg ForMemRS was an American molecular biologist known for his work in microbial genetics, artificial intelligence, and the United States space program. He was just 33 years old when he won the 1958 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for discovering that bacteria can mate and...
, 1979, U.S. scientist medicine, Nobel Prize (1958) - Solomon LefschetzSolomon LefschetzSolomon Lefschetz was an American mathematician who did fundamental work on algebraic topology, its applications to algebraic geometry, and the theory of non-linear ordinary differential equations.-Life:...
, 1961, Russian-born U.S. mathematician, topology - Tullio Levi-CivitaTullio Levi-CivitaTullio Levi-Civita, FRS was an Italian mathematician, most famous for his work on absolute differential calculus and its applications to the theory of relativity, but who also made significant contributions in other areas. He was a pupil of Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro, the inventor of tensor calculus...
, 1930, Italian mathematician - Rita Levi-MontalciniRita Levi-MontalciniRita Levi-Montalcini , Knight Grand Cross is an Italian neurologist who, together with colleague Stanley Cohen, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their discovery of nerve growth factor...
, 1995, Italian-born U.S. scientist, Nobel Prize for Medicine (1986) - Evgeny LifshitzEvgeny LifshitzEvgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz was a leading Soviet physicist of Jewish origin and the brother of physicist Ilya Mikhailovich Lifshitz. Lifshitz is well known in general relativity for coauthoring the BKL conjecture concerning the nature of a generic curvature...
, 1982, Russian physicist and astronomer - Fritz Lipmann, 1962, German-born U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize (1962)
- Gabriel LippmannGabriel LippmannJonas Ferdinand Gabriel Lippmann was a Franco-Luxembourgish physicist and inventor, and Nobel laureate in physics for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference....
, 1896, Luxembourg-born French physicist, Nobel Prize (1908) - Otto LoewiOtto LoewiOtto Loewi was a German born pharmacologist whose discovery of acetylcholine helped enhance medical therapy. The discovery earned for him the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1936 which he shared with Sir Henry Dale, whom he met in 1902 when spending some months in Ernest Starling's...
, 1954, German-born U.S. biochemist and pharmacologist, Nobel Prize (1936) - Andre Lwoff, 1958, French scientist, Nobel Prize (1965)
M
- David H. MacLennan, Canadian-born biochemist
- Rudolph Marcus, 1987, Canadian-born U.S. chemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1992) - Lise MeitnerLise MeitnerLise Meitner FRS was an Austrian-born, later Swedish, physicist who worked on radioactivity and nuclear physics. Meitner was part of the team that discovered nuclear fission, an achievement for which her colleague Otto Hahn was awarded the Nobel Prize...
, 1955, Austrian-born Swedish physicist nuclear fission - Ilya Ilyich MechnikovIlya Ilyich MechnikovIlya Ilyich Mechnikov was a Russian biologist, zoologist and protozoologist, best remembered for his pioneering research into the immune system. Mechnikov received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1908, shared with Paul Ehrlich, for his work on phagocytosis...
, als called Elie Metchnikoff, 1895, Ukrainian-born Russian French scientist, Nobel Prize for Medicine (1908) - Otto Meyerhof, 1937, German-born U.S. scientist, Nobel Prize (1922)
- Elliot MeyerowitzElliot MeyerowitzElliot Meyerowitz is an American biologist.He is George W. Beadle Professor of Biology, Division of Biology at the California Institute of Technology, he served as Chair of the Biology Division from 2000 to 2010....
, 2004, U.S. plant biologist - Albert Michelson, 1902, Polish-born U.S. physicist, Nobel Prize (1907)
- Henri MoissanHenri MoissanFerdinand Frederick Henri Moissan was a French chemist who won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds.-Biography:...
, 1905, French chemist, artificial diamonds, Nobel Prize (1906) - Hermann Joseph MullerHermann Joseph MullerHermann Joseph Muller was an American geneticist, educator, and Nobel laureate best known for his work on the physiological and genetic effects of radiation as well as his outspoken political beliefs...
- Walter MunkWalter MunkWalter Heinrich Munk is an American physical oceanographer. He is professor of geophysics emeritus and holds the Secretary of the Navy/Chief of Naval Operations Oceanography Chair at Scripps Institution of Oceanography in La Jolla, California.-Early life:Born in 1917 in Vienna, Austria-Hungary,...
, 1976, Austrian-born U.S. geophysicist
O
- George Olah, 1997, Hungarian-born U.S. chemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1994) - J. Robert Oppenheimer, U.S. Physicist
P
- Wolfgang PauliWolfgang PauliWolfgang Ernst Pauli was an Austrian theoretical physicist and one of the pioneers of quantum physics. In 1945, after being nominated by Albert Einstein, he received the Nobel Prize in Physics for his "decisive contribution through his discovery of a new law of Nature, the exclusion principle or...
, 1953, Austrian-born U.S. Swedish physicist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1945) - Alexander PinesAlexander PinesAlexander Pines is the Glenn T. Seaborg Professor of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley, Senior Scientist in the Materials Sciences Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory , and a member of the California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences and the Department of...
, 2002, chemist, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance - Frank PressFrank PressFrank Press is an American geophysicist.Born in Brooklyn, New York, Press was science advisor to President Jimmy Carter from1976 to 1980,and president of the U.S. NationalAcademy of Sciences from 1981 to 1993...
, 1985, U.S. geophysicist, President of United States National Academy of Sciences (1981–1993) - Stanley Prusiner, 1997, U.S. scientist, Nobel Prize for Medicine (1997)
R
- Tadeus ReichsteinTadeus ReichsteinTadeusz Reichstein was a Polish-born Swiss chemist and Nobel laureate.Reichstein was born into a Jewish family at Włocławek, Congress Poland, and spent his early childhood at Kiev, where his father was an engineer...
, 1952, Polish-born Switzerland chemist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for Medicine (1950)
S
- Julius von SachsJulius von SachsJulius von Sachs was a German botanist from Breslau, Prussian Silesia.At an early age he showed a taste for natural history, becoming acquainted with the Breslau physiologist Jan Evangelista Purkyně. In 1851 he began studying at Charles University in Prague...
, 1888, German founder of experimental plant physiology - Edwin Salpeter, 1993, Austrian-born Australian U.S. astronomer
- Martin SchwarzschildMartin SchwarzschildMartin Schwarzschild was a German American astronomer. He was the son of famed astrophysicist Karl Schwarzschild and the nephew of the Swiss astrophysicist Robert Emden.-Biography:...
, 1996, German-born U.S. astronomer - Gilbert StorkGilbert StorkGilbert Stork is a U.S. organic chemist. He is the Eugene Higgins Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Columbia University. The Stork enamine synthesis is named in his honor.-Education:...
, 1999, Belgian-born U.S. organic chemist - Satyam Vergish, 2011, Plant Molecular Biologist - India
T
- Valentine TelegdiValentine TelegdiValentine Louis Telegdi FRS was a Hungarian-born U.S. physicist.He was the Enrico Fermi Distinguished Service Professor of Physics at the University of Chicago before he moved to ETH Zürich...
, 2003, Hungarian-born Switzerland U.S. physicist - Howard Temin, 1988, U.S. scientist, retroviruses, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
(1975)
V
- Janez Vajkard ValvasorJanez Vajkard ValvasorJohann Weichard Freiherr von Valvasor or simply Valvasor was a Slovenian nobleman, scientist and polymath, and a fellow of the Royal Society in London.-Biography:...
, 1687, Slovenian polymath - Harold E. VarmusHarold E. VarmusHarold Elliot Varmus is an American Nobel Prize-winning scientist and the 14th and current Director of the National Cancer Institute, a post he was appointed to by President Barack Obama. He was a co-recipient Harold Elliot Varmus (born December 18, 1939) is an American Nobel Prize-winning...
, 2005, U.S. scientist, Nobel PrizeNobel PrizeThe Nobel Prizes are annual international awards bestowed by Scandinavian committees in recognition of cultural and scientific advances. The will of the Swedish chemist Alfred Nobel, the inventor of dynamite, established the prizes in 1895...
for Medicine (1989)
W
- Otto WarburgOtto Heinrich WarburgOtto Heinrich Warburg , son of physicist Emil Warburg, was a German physiologist, medical doctor and Nobel laureate. He served as an officer in the elite Uhlan during the First World War and won the Iron Cross for bravery. Warburg was one of the twentieth century's leading biochemists...
, 1934, German chemist, Nobel Prize for Medicine (1931) - André WeilAndré WeilAndré Weil was an influential mathematician of the 20th century, renowned for the breadth and quality of his research output, its influence on future work, and the elegance of his exposition. He is especially known for his foundational work in number theory and algebraic geometry...
, 1966, French U.S. mathematician group theory, algebraic geometry - Steven WeinbergSteven WeinbergSteven Weinberg is an American theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate in Physics for his contributions with Abdus Salam and Sheldon Glashow to the unification of the weak force and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles....
, 1981, U.S. physicist, electroweak force, Nobel Prize (1979) - Charles WeissmannCharles WeissmannCharles Weissmann is a Hungarian-born Swiss molecular biologist.Weissmann went to Zurich University and obtained his MD in 1956 and Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry in 1961. Weissmann was director of the Institute for Molecular Biology in Zurich, President of the Roche Research Foundation and...
, 1983, Hungarian-born Switzerland British molecular biologist - Frank WestheimerFrank WestheimerFrank Henry Westheimer was an American chemist. He was the Morris Loeb Professor of Chemistry Emeritus at Harvard University, and the Westheimer medal is named in his honour....
, 1983, U.S. chemist
Z
- Richard ZareRichard ZareRichard Neil Zare is an American physical chemist. He is Professor of Chemistry at Stanford University.-Education:Zare earned his B.A. in 1961 and his Ph.D...
, 1999, U.S. physicist - Yakov Zeldovich, 1979, Belarusian-born Russian physicist, astronomer
External links
- The Royal Society website
- Archive of MacTutor History of Mathematics archiveMacTutor History of Mathematics archiveThe MacTutor History of Mathematics archive is a website maintained by John J. O'Connor and Edmund F. Robertson and hosted by the University of St Andrews in Scotland...