List of MeSH codes (A11)
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of the "A" codes for MeSH
. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine
.
Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)
– cell line, tumor – caco-2 cells – hct116 cells – hela cells – kb cells – hl-60 cells – ht29 cells – jurkat cells
– k562 cells
– pc12 cells
– u937 cells
– cho cells – l cells (cell line) – llc-pk1 cells – 3t3 cells
– balb 3t3 cells – nih 3t3 cells – swiss 3t3 cells – 3t3-l1 cells – vero cells
– k562 cells
– pc12 cells
– u937 cells
– cell membrane
– cell membrane structures – cell-matrix junctions – focal adhesions – hemidesmosomes – coated pits, cell-membrane – caveolae
– glycocalyx
– intercellular junctions – adherens junctions – desmosomes – gap junctions – plasmodesmata
– synapses – neuroeffector junction
– neuromuscular junction
– motor endplate – presynaptic terminals – synaptic membranes – tight junctions – membrane microdomains – caveolae
– myelin sheath – nuclear envelope
– nuclear lamina
– phycobilisomes – ranvier's nodes – erythrocyte membrane – intracellular membranes
– mitochondrial membranes – nuclear envelope
– purple membrane – sarcolemma
– synaptic membranes
– cilia – dendrites – dendritic spines – growth cones – fimbriae, bacterial – flagella – sperm tail – microvilli – neurites – growth cones – pili, sex – pseudopodia
– chromosomes, human, pair 10 – chromosomes, human, pair 11 – chromosomes, human, pair 12 – chromosomes, human, x – chromosomes, human, 13-15 – chromosomes, human, pair 13 – chromosomes, human, pair 14 – chromosomes, human, pair 15 – chromosomes, human, 16-18 – chromosomes, human, pair 16 – chromosomes, human, pair 17 – chromosomes, human, pair 18 – chromosomes, human, 19-20 – chromosomes, human, pair 19 – chromosomes, human, pair 20 – chromosomes, human, 21-22 and y – chromosomes, human, pair 21 – chromosomes, human, pair 22 – philadelphia chromosome
– chromosomes, human, y – chromosomes, plant – isochromosomes – ring chromosomes – sex chromosomes – sex chromatin – x chromosome
– chromosomes, human, x – y chromosome
– chromosomes, human, y
– extracellular matrix
– glomerular basement membrane
– microfibrils – zona pellucida
– periplasm
– inclusion bodies
– erythrocyte inclusions – heinz bodies – inclusion bodies, viral – intranuclear inclusion bodies – lewy bodies
– cell nucleus structures – intranuclear space – cell nucleolus – chromosomes – chromosome structures – centromere
– kinetochores – chromatids – chromatin
– euchromatin
– heterochromatin
– sex chromatin – nucleosomes – nucleolus organizer region
– synaptonemal complex
– telomere
– coiled bodies – nuclear matrix
– nuclear lamina
– spliceosomes – nuclear envelope
– nuclear lamina
– nuclear pore
– macronucleus
– micronuclei, chromosome-defective – micronucleus, germline – cytoplasm
– cytoplasmic structures – cytoplasmic granules – chromaffin granules – melanosomes – microbodies – glyoxysomes – peroxisomes – nissl bodies – weibel-palade bodies – cytoskeleton
– intermediate filaments – microfilaments – stress fibers – microtubule-organizing center – centrosome
– centrioles – microtubules – neuropil threads – mitotic spindle apparatus – myofibrils – neurofibrils – neurofibrillary tangles – organelles – bacterial chromatophores – cell nucleus
– macronucleus
– micronuclei, chromosome-defective – micronucleus, germline – cytoplasmic vesicles – cytoplasmic granules – chromaffin granules – melanosomes – microbodies – glyoxysomes – peroxisomes – weibel-palade bodies – endosomes – lysosomes – acrosome
– phagosomes – transport vesicles – coated vesicles – caveolae
– clathrin-coated vesicles – cop-coated vesicles – secretory vesicles – synaptic vesicles – vacuoles – endoplasmic reticulum
– endoplasmic reticulum, rough – nissl bodies – endoplasmic reticulum, smooth – sarcoplasmic reticulum – golgi apparatus
– trans-golgi network – mitochondria – mitochondria, liver – mitochondria, muscle – mitochondria, heart – submitochondrial particles – plastids – chloroplasts – thylakoids – ribosomes – polyribosomes – endoplasmic reticulum, rough – nissl bodies – sarcomeres – vault ribonucleoprotein particles – cytosol
– intracellular fluid – cytosol
– intracellular fluid – cytosol
– intracellular membranes
– mitochondrial membranes – nuclear envelope
– nuclear lamina
– microsomes – microsomes, liver – mitochondria – mitochondria, liver – mitochondria, muscle – mitochondria, heart – submitochondrial particles – synaptosomes
– l cells (cell line) – 3t3 cells
– balb 3t3 cells – nih 3t3 cells – swiss 3t3 cells – 3t3-l1 cells – mesangial cells
– giant cells, foreign-body – giant cells, langhans – histiocytes – kupffer cells – macrophages, alveolar – macrophages, peritoneal – osteoclasts
– enteroendocrine cells
– enterochromaffin cells – enterochromaffin-like cells – gastrin-secreting cells – glucagon-secreting cells – insulin-secreting cells – pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cells – somatostatin-secreting cells
– megakaryocytes – reticulocytes
– ovum
– oocytes – oogonia – zona pellucida
– zygote
– sperm midpiece – sperm tail – spermatids – spermatocytes – spermatogonia
– giant cells, foreign-body – giant cells, langhans – histiocytes – kupffer cells – macrophages, alveolar – macrophages, peritoneal – osteoclasts – monocytes, activated killer – u937 cells
– retinal ganglion cells – retinal horizontal cells
– giant cells, foreign-body – giant cells, langhans – histiocytes – kupffer cells – macrophages, alveolar – macrophages, peritoneal
Mesh
Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...
. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine
United States National Library of Medicine
The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...
.
Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)
– b-lymphocytes
– b-lymphocyte subsets – plasma cells– erythrocytes
– erythrocyte membrane – erythrocytes, abnormal – acanthocytes – erythrocyte inclusions – heinz bodies – megaloblasts – spherocytes – reticulocytes– leukocytes
– granulocytes – basophils – eosinophils – neutrophils – leukocytes, mononuclear – lymphocytes – killer cells – killer cells, natural – killer cells, lymphokine-activated – lymphocyte subsets – b-lymphocyte subsets – t-lymphocyte subsets – b-lymphocytes – b-lymphocyte subsets – plasma cells – t-lymphocytes – cd4-positive t-lymphocytes – t-lymphocytes, helper-inducer – th1 cells – th2 cells – cd8-positive t-lymphocytes – t-lymphocytes, cytotoxic – t-lymphocyte subsets – lymphocytes, null – lymphocytes, tumor-infiltrating – monocytes – monocytes, activated killer– hematopoietic stem cells
– myeloid progenitor cells – erythroid progenitor cells – erythroblasts – megaloblasts – megakaryocytes – reticulocytes – granulocyte precursor cells– cell line
– cell line, transformed – cos cellsCOS cells
COS is a cell line often used by biologists when studying the monkey virus SV40. Cells from this line are also often transfected to produce recombinant proteins for molecular biology, biochemistry, and cell biology experiments...
– cell line, tumor – caco-2 cells – hct116 cells – hela cells – kb cells – hl-60 cells – ht29 cells – jurkat cells
Jurkat cells
Jurkat cells are an immortalized line of T lymphocyte cells that are used to study acute T cell leukemia, T cell signaling, and the expression of various chemokine receptors susceptible to viral entry, particularly HIV. Jurkat cells are also useful in science because of their ability to produce...
– k562 cells
K562 cells
K562 cells were the first human immortalised myelogenous leukemia line to be established. K562 cells are of the erythroleukemia type, and the line is derived from a 53 year old female CML patient in blast crisis....
– pc12 cells
PC12 cells
PC12 is a cell line derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla. PC12 cells stop dividing and terminally differentiate when treated with nerve growth factor...
– u937 cells
U937 cells
U937 cells are a model cell line used in biomedical research. They were isolated from the histiocytic lymphoma of a 37 year old male patient and are used to study the behaviour and differentiation of monocytes...
– cho cells – l cells (cell line) – llc-pk1 cells – 3t3 cells
3T3 cells
3T3 cells come from a cell line established in 1962 by two scientists then at the Department of Pathology in the New York University School of Medicine, George Todaro and Howard Green. The 3T3 cell line has become the standard fibroblast cell line...
– balb 3t3 cells – nih 3t3 cells – swiss 3t3 cells – 3t3-l1 cells – vero cells
Vero cells
Vero cells are lineages of cells used in cell cultures.The Vero lineage was isolated from kidney epithelial cells extracted from an African green monkey...
– tumor cells, cultured
– cell line, tumor – caco-2 cells – hct116 cells – hela cells – kb cells – hl-60 cells – ht29 cells – jurkat cellsJurkat cells
Jurkat cells are an immortalized line of T lymphocyte cells that are used to study acute T cell leukemia, T cell signaling, and the expression of various chemokine receptors susceptible to viral entry, particularly HIV. Jurkat cells are also useful in science because of their ability to produce...
– k562 cells
K562 cells
K562 cells were the first human immortalised myelogenous leukemia line to be established. K562 cells are of the erythroleukemia type, and the line is derived from a 53 year old female CML patient in blast crisis....
– pc12 cells
PC12 cells
PC12 is a cell line derived from a pheochromocytoma of the rat adrenal medulla. PC12 cells stop dividing and terminally differentiate when treated with nerve growth factor...
– u937 cells
U937 cells
U937 cells are a model cell line used in biomedical research. They were isolated from the histiocytic lymphoma of a 37 year old male patient and are used to study the behaviour and differentiation of monocytes...
– cell membraneCell membraneThe cell membrane or plasma membrane is a biological membrane that separates the interior of all cells from the outside environment. The cell membrane is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules and controls the movement of substances in and out of cells. It basically protects the cell...
– cell membrane structures – cell-matrix junctions – focal adhesions – hemidesmosomes – coated pits, cell-membrane – caveolaeCaveolae
In biology, caveolae , which are a special type of lipid raft, are small invaginations of the plasma membrane in many vertebrate cell types, especially in endothelial cells and adipocytes....
– glycocalyx
Glycocalyx
Glycocalyx is a general term referring to extracellular polymeric material produced by some bacteria, epithelia and other cells. The slime on the outside of a fish is considered a glycocalyx. The term was initially applied to the polysaccharide matrix excreted by epithelial cells forming a...
– intercellular junctions – adherens junctions – desmosomes – gap junctions – plasmodesmata
Plasmodesmata
Plasmodesmata are microscopic channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells and some algal cells, enabling transport and communication between them. Species that have plasmodesmata include members of the Charophyceae, Charales and Coleochaetales , as well as all embryophytes, better known...
– synapses – neuroeffector junction
Neuroeffector junction
A neuroeffector junction is the site where a motor neuron releases a neurotransmitter to affect a target cell. This junction functions like a synapse. Somatic efferent motor neurons innervate skeletal muscle, and are always excitatory. Visceral efferent neurons innervate smooth muscle, cardiac...
– neuromuscular junction
Neuromuscular junction
A neuromuscular junction is the synapse or junction of the axon terminal of a motor neuron with the motor end plate, the highly-excitable region of muscle fiber plasma membrane responsible for initiation of action potentials across the muscle's surface, ultimately causing the muscle to contract...
– motor endplate – presynaptic terminals – synaptic membranes – tight junctions – membrane microdomains – caveolae
Caveolae
In biology, caveolae , which are a special type of lipid raft, are small invaginations of the plasma membrane in many vertebrate cell types, especially in endothelial cells and adipocytes....
– myelin sheath – nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope
A nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer that encloses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear envelope also serves as the physical barrier, separating the contents of the nucleus from the cytosol...
– nuclear lamina
Nuclear lamina
The nuclear lamina is a dense fibrillar network inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is composed of intermediate filaments and membrane associated proteins. Besides providing mechanical support, the nuclear lamina regulates important cellular events such as DNA replication and cell division...
– phycobilisomes – ranvier's nodes – erythrocyte membrane – intracellular membranes
Intracellular membranes
Intracellular membranes are membranes inside the plasmalemma of the cell, comprising its endomembranous system. Typical examples include the nuclear envelope and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum....
– mitochondrial membranes – nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope
A nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer that encloses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear envelope also serves as the physical barrier, separating the contents of the nucleus from the cytosol...
– purple membrane – sarcolemma
Sarcolemma
The sarcolemma is the cell membrane of a muscle cell . It consists of a true cell membrane, called the plasma membrane, and an outer coat made up of a thin layer of polysaccharide material that contains numerous thin collagen fibrils...
– synaptic membranes
– cell surface extensions
– axons – growth cones – cellulosomesCellulosomes
Cellulosomes are complexes of cellulolytic enzymes created by bacteria such as Clostridium and Bacteroides. They consist of catalytic subunits such as glycoside hydrolases, polysaccharide lyases and carboxyl esterases bound together by scaffoldins consisting of cohesins connected to other...
– cilia – dendrites – dendritic spines – growth cones – fimbriae, bacterial – flagella – sperm tail – microvilli – neurites – growth cones – pili, sex – pseudopodia
– chromosomes
– chromosomes, archaeal – chromosomes, artificial – chromosomes, artificial, bacterial – chromosomes, artificial, mammalian – chromosomes, artificial, human – chromosomes, artificial, p1 bacteriophage – chromosomes, artificial, yeast – chromosomes, bacterial – chromosomes, artificial, bacterial – chromosomes, fungal – chromosomes, artificial, yeast – chromosomes, mammalian – chromosomes, artificial, mammalian – chromosomes, artificial, human – chromosomes, human – chromosomes, artificial, human – chromosomes, human, 1-3 – chromosomes, human, pair 1 – chromosomes, human, pair 2 – chromosomes, human, pair 3 – chromosomes, human, 4-5 – chromosomes, human, pair 4 – chromosomes, human, pair 5 – chromosomes, human, 6-12 and x – chromosomes, human, pair 6 – chromosomes, human, pair 7 – chromosomes, human, pair 8 – chromosomes, human, pair 9 – philadelphia chromosomePhiladelphia chromosome
Philadelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation is a specific chromosomal abnormality that is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia . It is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22, and is specifically designated t...
– chromosomes, human, pair 10 – chromosomes, human, pair 11 – chromosomes, human, pair 12 – chromosomes, human, x – chromosomes, human, 13-15 – chromosomes, human, pair 13 – chromosomes, human, pair 14 – chromosomes, human, pair 15 – chromosomes, human, 16-18 – chromosomes, human, pair 16 – chromosomes, human, pair 17 – chromosomes, human, pair 18 – chromosomes, human, 19-20 – chromosomes, human, pair 19 – chromosomes, human, pair 20 – chromosomes, human, 21-22 and y – chromosomes, human, pair 21 – chromosomes, human, pair 22 – philadelphia chromosome
Philadelphia chromosome
Philadelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation is a specific chromosomal abnormality that is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia . It is the result of a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 9 and 22, and is specifically designated t...
– chromosomes, human, y – chromosomes, plant – isochromosomes – ring chromosomes – sex chromosomes – sex chromatin – x chromosome
X chromosome
The X chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in many animal species, including mammals and is common in both males and females. It is a part of the XY sex-determination system and X0 sex-determination system...
– chromosomes, human, x – y chromosome
Y chromosome
The Y chromosome is one of the two sex-determining chromosomes in most mammals, including humans. In mammals, it contains the gene SRY, which triggers testis development if present. The human Y chromosome is composed of about 60 million base pairs...
– chromosomes, human, y
– extracellular space
– extracellular fluidExtracellular fluid
Extracellular fluid usually denotes all body fluid outside of cells. The remainder is called intracellular fluid.In some animals, including mammals, the extracellular fluid can be divided into two major subcompartments, interstitial fluid and blood plasma...
– extracellular matrix
Extracellular matrix
In biology, the extracellular matrix is the extracellular part of animal tissue that usually provides structural support to the animal cells in addition to performing various other important functions. The extracellular matrix is the defining feature of connective tissue in animals.Extracellular...
– glomerular basement membrane
Glomerular basement membrane
The glomerular basement membrane is the basal laminal portion of the glomerulus. The Glomerular capillary endothelial cells, the GBM and the filtration slits between the podocytes perform the filtration function of the glomerulus, separating the blood in the capillaries from the filtrate that...
– microfibrils – zona pellucida
Zona pellucida
The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but of essential importance to it...
– periplasm
– inclusion bodiesInclusion bodiesInclusion bodies are nuclear or cytoplasmic aggregates of stainable substances, usually proteins. They typically represent sites of viral multiplication in a bacterium or a eukaryotic cell and usually consist of viral capsid proteins...
– erythrocyte inclusions – heinz bodies – inclusion bodies, viral – intranuclear inclusion bodies – lewy bodies– intracellular space
– cell nucleusCell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these...
– cell nucleus structures – intranuclear space – cell nucleolus – chromosomes – chromosome structures – centromere
Centromere
A centromere is a region of DNA typically found near the middle of a chromosome where two identical sister chromatids come closest in contact. It is involved in cell division as the point of mitotic spindle attachment...
– kinetochores – chromatids – chromatin
Chromatin
Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell. The primary functions of chromatin are; to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and to control gene...
– euchromatin
Euchromatin
Euchromatin is a lightly packed form of chromatin that is rich in gene concentration, and is often under active transcription. Unlike heterochromatin, it is found in both cells with nuclei and cells without nuclei...
– heterochromatin
Heterochromatin
Heterochromatin is a tightly packed form of DNA, which comes in different varieties. These varieties lie on a continuum between the two extremes of constitutive and facultative heterochromatin...
– sex chromatin – nucleosomes – nucleolus organizer region
Nucleolus organizer region
The nucleolus organizer region or nucleolar organizer is a chromosomal region around which the nucleolus forms. This region is the particular part of a chromosome that is associated with a nucleolus after the nucleus divides. The region contains several tandem copies of ribosomal RNA genes...
– synaptonemal complex
Synaptonemal complex
The synaptonemal complex is a protein structure that forms between homologous chromosomes during meiosis and that is thought to mediate chromosome pairing, synapsis, and recombination . It is now evident that the synaptonemal complex is not required for genetic recombination...
– telomere
Telomere
A telomere is a region of repetitive DNA sequences at the end of a chromosome, which protects the end of the chromosome from deterioration or from fusion with neighboring chromosomes. Its name is derived from the Greek nouns telos "end" and merοs "part"...
– coiled bodies – nuclear matrix
Nuclear matrix
In biology, the nuclear matrix is the network of fibres found throughout the inside of a cell nucleus and is somewhat analogous to the cell cytoskeleton...
– nuclear lamina
Nuclear lamina
The nuclear lamina is a dense fibrillar network inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is composed of intermediate filaments and membrane associated proteins. Besides providing mechanical support, the nuclear lamina regulates important cellular events such as DNA replication and cell division...
– spliceosomes – nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope
A nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer that encloses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear envelope also serves as the physical barrier, separating the contents of the nucleus from the cytosol...
– nuclear lamina
Nuclear lamina
The nuclear lamina is a dense fibrillar network inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is composed of intermediate filaments and membrane associated proteins. Besides providing mechanical support, the nuclear lamina regulates important cellular events such as DNA replication and cell division...
– nuclear pore
Nuclear pore
Nuclear pores are large protein complexes that cross the nuclear envelope, which is the double membrane surrounding the eukaryotic cell nucleus. There are about on average 2000 nuclear pore complexes in the nuclear envelope of a vertebrate cell, but it varies depending on cell type and the stage in...
– macronucleus
Macronucleus
A macronucleus is the larger type of nucleus in ciliates. Macronuclei are polyploid and undergo direct division without mitosis. It controls the non-reproductive cell functions, the everyday tasks, such as metabolism...
– micronuclei, chromosome-defective – micronucleus, germline – cytoplasm
Cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is a small gel-like substance residing between the cell membrane holding all the cell's internal sub-structures , except for the nucleus. All the contents of the cells of prokaryote organisms are contained within the cytoplasm...
– cytoplasmic structures – cytoplasmic granules – chromaffin granules – melanosomes – microbodies – glyoxysomes – peroxisomes – nissl bodies – weibel-palade bodies – cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton
The cytoskeleton is a cellular "scaffolding" or "skeleton" contained within a cell's cytoplasm and is made out of protein. The cytoskeleton is present in all cells; it was once thought to be unique to eukaryotes, but recent research has identified the prokaryotic cytoskeleton...
– intermediate filaments – microfilaments – stress fibers – microtubule-organizing center – centrosome
Centrosome
In cell biology, the centrosome is an organelle that serves as the main microtubule organizing center of the animal cell as well as a regulator of cell-cycle progression. It was discovered by Edouard Van Beneden in 1883...
– centrioles – microtubules – neuropil threads – mitotic spindle apparatus – myofibrils – neurofibrils – neurofibrillary tangles – organelles – bacterial chromatophores – cell nucleus
Cell nucleus
In cell biology, the nucleus is a membrane-enclosed organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains most of the cell's genetic material, organized as multiple long linear DNA molecules in complex with a large variety of proteins, such as histones, to form chromosomes. The genes within these...
– macronucleus
Macronucleus
A macronucleus is the larger type of nucleus in ciliates. Macronuclei are polyploid and undergo direct division without mitosis. It controls the non-reproductive cell functions, the everyday tasks, such as metabolism...
– micronuclei, chromosome-defective – micronucleus, germline – cytoplasmic vesicles – cytoplasmic granules – chromaffin granules – melanosomes – microbodies – glyoxysomes – peroxisomes – weibel-palade bodies – endosomes – lysosomes – acrosome
Acrosome
The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa of many animals. It is a cap-like structure derived from the Golgi apparatus. Acrosome formation is completed during testicular maturation. In Eutherian mammals the acrosome contains digestive enzymes...
– phagosomes – transport vesicles – coated vesicles – caveolae
Caveolae
In biology, caveolae , which are a special type of lipid raft, are small invaginations of the plasma membrane in many vertebrate cell types, especially in endothelial cells and adipocytes....
– clathrin-coated vesicles – cop-coated vesicles – secretory vesicles – synaptic vesicles – vacuoles – endoplasmic reticulum
Endoplasmic reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae...
– endoplasmic reticulum, rough – nissl bodies – endoplasmic reticulum, smooth – sarcoplasmic reticulum – golgi apparatus
Golgi apparatus
The Golgi apparatus is an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. It was identified in 1898 by the Italian physician Camillo Golgi, after whom the Golgi apparatus is named....
– trans-golgi network – mitochondria – mitochondria, liver – mitochondria, muscle – mitochondria, heart – submitochondrial particles – plastids – chloroplasts – thylakoids – ribosomes – polyribosomes – endoplasmic reticulum, rough – nissl bodies – sarcomeres – vault ribonucleoprotein particles – cytosol
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside cells, that is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into compartments....
– intracellular fluid – cytosol
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside cells, that is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into compartments....
– subcellular fractions
– cell-free systemCell-free system
A cell-free system is an in vitro tool widely used to study biological reactions that happen within cells while reducing the complex interactions found in a whole cell. Subcellular fractions can be isolated by ultracentrifugation to provide molecular machinery that can be used in reactions in the...
– intracellular fluid – cytosol
Cytosol
The cytosol or intracellular fluid is the liquid found inside cells, that is separated into compartments by membranes. For example, the mitochondrial matrix separates the mitochondrion into compartments....
– intracellular membranes
Intracellular membranes
Intracellular membranes are membranes inside the plasmalemma of the cell, comprising its endomembranous system. Typical examples include the nuclear envelope and the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum....
– mitochondrial membranes – nuclear envelope
Nuclear envelope
A nuclear envelope is a double lipid bilayer that encloses the genetic material in eukaryotic cells. The nuclear envelope also serves as the physical barrier, separating the contents of the nucleus from the cytosol...
– nuclear lamina
Nuclear lamina
The nuclear lamina is a dense fibrillar network inside the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. It is composed of intermediate filaments and membrane associated proteins. Besides providing mechanical support, the nuclear lamina regulates important cellular events such as DNA replication and cell division...
– microsomes – microsomes, liver – mitochondria – mitochondria, liver – mitochondria, muscle – mitochondria, heart – submitochondrial particles – synaptosomes
– fibroblasts
– cos cellsCOS cells
COS is a cell line often used by biologists when studying the monkey virus SV40. Cells from this line are also often transfected to produce recombinant proteins for molecular biology, biochemistry, and cell biology experiments...
– l cells (cell line) – 3t3 cells
3T3 cells
3T3 cells come from a cell line established in 1962 by two scientists then at the Department of Pathology in the New York University School of Medicine, George Todaro and Howard Green. The 3T3 cell line has become the standard fibroblast cell line...
– balb 3t3 cells – nih 3t3 cells – swiss 3t3 cells – 3t3-l1 cells – mesangial cells
– macrophages
– epithelioid cells – foam cellsFoam cells
Foam cells are cells in an atheroma derived from both macrophages and smooth muscle. In chronic hyperlipidemia, lipoproteins aggregate within the intima of blood vessels and become oxidized by the action of oxygen free radicals generated either by macrophages or endothelial cells...
– giant cells, foreign-body – giant cells, langhans – histiocytes – kupffer cells – macrophages, alveolar – macrophages, peritoneal – osteoclasts
– chromatophores
– melanophores – melanosomes – enteroendocrine cellsEnteroendocrine cellsEnteroendocrine cells are specialized endocrine cells of the gastrointestinal tract. They produce hormones such as serotonin, somatostatin, motilin, cholecystokinin, gastric inhibitory peptide, neurotensin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and enteroglucagon....
– enterochromaffin cells – enterochromaffin-like cells – gastrin-secreting cells – glucagon-secreting cells – insulin-secreting cells – pancreatic polypeptide-secreting cells – somatostatin-secreting cells– neuroepithelial cells
– neuroepithelial bodies– erythrocytes
– erythrocytes, abnormal – acanthocytes – megaloblasts – spherocytes– erythroid progenitor cells
– erythroblasts – megaloblasts – k562 cellsK562 cells
K562 cells were the first human immortalised myelogenous leukemia line to be established. K562 cells are of the erythroleukemia type, and the line is derived from a 53 year old female CML patient in blast crisis....
– megakaryocytes – reticulocytes
– ovumOvumAn ovum is a haploid female reproductive cell or gamete. Both animals and embryophytes have ova. The term ovule is used for the young ovum of an animal, as well as the plant structure that carries the female gametophyte and egg cell and develops into a seed after fertilization...
– oocytes – oogonia – zona pellucidaZona pellucida
The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein membrane surrounding the plasma membrane of an oocyte. It is a vital constitutive part of the latter, external but of essential importance to it...
– zygote
Zygote
A zygote , or zygocyte, is the initial cell formed when two gamete cells are joined by means of sexual reproduction. In multicellular organisms, it is the earliest developmental stage of the embryo...
– spermatozoa
– sperm head – acrosomeAcrosome
The acrosome is an organelle that develops over the anterior half of the head in the spermatozoa of many animals. It is a cap-like structure derived from the Golgi apparatus. Acrosome formation is completed during testicular maturation. In Eutherian mammals the acrosome contains digestive enzymes...
– sperm midpiece – sperm tail – spermatids – spermatocytes – spermatogonia
– muscle fibers
– muscle fibers, fast-twitch – muscle fibers, slow-twitch – myofibrils– granulocytes
– basophils – eosinophils – granulocyte precursor cells – hl-60 cells – neutrophils– monocytes
– macrophages – epithelioid cells – foam cellsFoam cells
Foam cells are cells in an atheroma derived from both macrophages and smooth muscle. In chronic hyperlipidemia, lipoproteins aggregate within the intima of blood vessels and become oxidized by the action of oxygen free radicals generated either by macrophages or endothelial cells...
– giant cells, foreign-body – giant cells, langhans – histiocytes – kupffer cells – macrophages, alveolar – macrophages, peritoneal – osteoclasts – monocytes, activated killer – u937 cells
U937 cells
U937 cells are a model cell line used in biomedical research. They were isolated from the histiocytic lymphoma of a 37 year old male patient and are used to study the behaviour and differentiation of monocytes...
– myeloid progenitor cells
– granulocyte precursor cells– myoblasts, skeletal
– satellite cells, skeletal muscle– schwann cells
– myelin sheath – neurilemma – ranvier's nodes– autonomic fibers, postganglionic
– parasympathetic fibers, postganglionic – sympathetic fibers, postganglionic– autonomic fibers, preganglionic
– axons
– growth cones – mossy fibers, hippocampal – presynaptic terminals– dendrites
– dendritic spines – growth cones– interneurons
– amacrine cells – retinal bipolar cells– nerve fibers, myelinated
– myelin sheath – neurilemma – ranvier's nodes– neurons, afferent
– hair cells – hair cells, inner – hair cells, outer – hair cells, vestibular – olfactory receptor neurons – photoreceptors – photoreceptors, invertebrate – photoreceptors, vertebrate – cones (retina) – retinal ganglion cells – rods (retina) – rod outer segments – posterior horn cells – substantia gelatinosaSubstantia gelatinosa
Substantia gelatinosa can refer to:* Substantia gelatinosa of Rolando * Substantia gelatinosa centralisSubstantia gelatinosa is a structure involved in pain transmission....
– retinal ganglion cells – retinal horizontal cells
– neurons, efferent
– motor neurons – anterior horn cells – motor neurons, gamma– macrophages
– epithelioid cells – foam cellsFoam cells
Foam cells are cells in an atheroma derived from both macrophages and smooth muscle. In chronic hyperlipidemia, lipoproteins aggregate within the intima of blood vessels and become oxidized by the action of oxygen free radicals generated either by macrophages or endothelial cells...
– giant cells, foreign-body – giant cells, langhans – histiocytes – kupffer cells – macrophages, alveolar – macrophages, peritoneal