This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH

Mesh

Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...

. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine

United States National Library of Medicine

The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...

.

Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)

--- cyclodextrins

--- alpha-cyclodextrins --- beta-cyclodextrins --- gamma-cyclodextrins

--- lactams, macrocyclic

--- maytansine

Maytansine

Maytansine is a cytotoxic agent. It inhibits the assembly of microtubules by binding to tubulin at the rhizoxin binding site.It is a macrolide of the ansamycin type and can be isolated from plants of the genus Maytenus....

 --- rifamycins --- rifabutin

Rifabutin

Rifabutin is a bactericidal antibiotic drug primarily used in the treatment of tuberculosis. The drug is a semi-synthetic derivative of rifamycin S. Its effect is based on blocking the DNA-dependent RNA-polymerase of the bacteria. It is effective against Gram-positive and some Gram-negative...

 --- streptovaricin

Streptovaricin

Streptovaricins are a group of structurally-related macrolide antibiotics. They belong to the larger class of antibiotics known as ansamycins....

 --- rifampin

--- macrolides

--- amphotericin b

Amphotericin B

Amphotericin B is a polyene antifungal drug, often used intravenously for systemic fungal infections...

 --- antimycin a

Antimycin A

Antimycins are a group of secondary metabolites produced by Streptomyces bacteria.-Uses:It is the active ingredient in Fintrol, a chemical piscicide used in fisheries management and in the catfish industry.-Mechanism of action:...

 --- brefeldin a

Brefeldin A

Brefeldin A is a lactone antibiotic produced by fungal organisms such as Eupenicillium brefeldianum. Brefeldin A inhibits transport of proteins from ER to Golgi and induces retrograde protein transport from the Golgi apparatus to the endoplasmic reticulum. This leads to proteins accumulating inside...

 --- candicidin

Candicidin

Candicidin is an antibiotic....

 --- cytochalasins --- cytochalasin b

Cytochalasin B

Cytochalasin B is a cell-permeable mycotoxin. It inhibits cytoplasmic division by blocking the formation of contractile microfilaments. It inhibits cell movement and induces nuclear extrusion. Cytochalasin B shortens actin filaments by blocking monomer addition at the fast-growing end of polymers....

 --- cytochalasin d

Cytochalasin D

Cytochalasin D is a member of the class of mycotoxins known as cytochalasins. Cytochalasin D is an alkaloid produced by Helminthosporium and other molds....

 --- epothilones --- erythromycin

Erythromycin

Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic that has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including mycoplasma and...

 --- azithromycin

Azithromycin

Azithromycin is an azalide, a subclass of macrolide antibiotics. Azithromycin is one of the world's best-selling antibiotics...

 --- clarithromycin

Clarithromycin

Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat pharyngitis, tonsillitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, pneumonia , skin and skin structure infections...

 --- erythromycin estolate --- erythromycin ethylsuccinate --- ketolides

Ketolides

Ketolides are antibiotics belonging to the macrolide group. Ketolides are derived from erythromycin by substituting the cladinose sugar with a keto-group and attaching a cyclic carbamate group in the lactone ring. These modifications give ketolides much broader spectrum than other macrolides...

 --- roxithromycin

Roxithromycin

Roxithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic. It is used to treat respiratory tract, urinary and soft tissue infections. Roxithromycin is derived from erythromycin, containing the same 14-membered lactone ring. However, an N-oxime side chain is attached to the lactone ring...

 --- ivermectin --- josamycin

Josamycin

Josamycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is synthesized from strains of Streptomyces narbonensis var. josamyceticus var. novaCurrently sold in various countries.Brand examples are:...

 --- leucomycins --- kitasamycin

Kitasamycin

Kitasamycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is produced by streptomyces kitasatoensis. The drug has antimicrobial activity against a wide spectrum of pathogens....

 --- spiramycin

Spiramycin

Spiramycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is used to treat toxoplasmosis. Although used in Europe, Canada and Mexico, spiramycin is still considered an experimental drug in the United States, but can sometimes be obtained by special permission from the FDA for toxoplasmosis in the first trimester of...

 --- lucensomycin --- mepartricin

Mepartricin

Mepartricin is a stomatological and urological preparation.It has been studied for use in treating CPPS.-References:...

 --- miocamycin

Miocamycin

Miocamycin is a macrolide antibiotic....

 --- natamycin

Natamycin

Natamycin , also known as pimaricin, is a naturally occurring antifungal agent produced during fermentation by the bacterium Streptomyces natalensis, commonly found in soil. Natamycin has a very low solubility in water, however, natamycin is effective at very low levels. Most molds have an MIC of...

 --- nystatin

Nystatin

Nystatin is a polyene antifungal medication to which many molds and yeast infections are sensitive, including Candida. Due to its toxicity profile, there are currently no injectable formulations of this drug on the US market...

 --- oleandomycin

Oleandomycin

Oleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is synthesized from strains of Streptomyces antibioticus. It is weaker than erythromycin.It used to be sold under the brand name Sigmamycine, combined with Tetracycline, and made by the company Rosa-Phytopharma in France....

 --- troleandomycin

Troleandomycin

Troleandomycin is a macrolide antibiotic. It is currently sold in Italy and Turkey.Side effects: It is a CYP3A4 inhibitor....

 --- oligomycins --- rutamycin --- sirolimus

Sirolimus

Sirolimus , also known as rapamycin, is an immunosuppressant drug used to prevent rejection in organ transplantation; it is especially useful in kidney transplants. A macrolide, sirolimus was first discovered as a product of the bacterium Streptomyces hygroscopicus in a soil sample from Easter...

 --- tacrolimus

Tacrolimus

Tacrolimus is an immunosuppressive drug that is mainly used after allogeneic organ transplant to reduce the activity of the patient's immune system and so lower the risk of organ rejection...

 --- tylosin

Tylosin

Tylosin is a macrolide-class antibiotic used in veterinary medicine. It has a broad spectrum of activity against gram positive organisms and a limited range of gram negative organisms...

--- peptides, cyclic

--- alamethicin

Alamethicin

Alamethicin is a peptide antibiotic, produced by the fungus Trichoderma viride. It contains the non-proteinogenic amino acid 2-aminoisobutyric acid , which strongly induces helical peptide structures...

 --- amanitins --- bacitracin

Bacitracin

Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy, isolation of which was first reported in 1945....

 --- capreomycin sulfate --- cyclosporins

Cyclosporins

The cyclosporins are a group of macrolides isolated from fungi.*Cyclosporin A *Cyclosporin B*Cyclosporin C*Cyclosporin D*Cyclosporin E*Cyclosporin F*Cyclosporin G...

 --- cyclosporine --- dactinomycin --- daptomycin

Daptomycin

Daptomycin is a novel lipopeptide antibiotic used in the treatment of certain infections caused by Gram-positive organisms. It is a naturally occurring compound found in the soil saprotroph Streptomyces roseosporus. Its distinct mechanism of action means that it may be useful in treating infections...

 --- depsipeptides --- valinomycin

Valinomycin

Valinomycin is a dodecadepsipeptide antibiotic.Valinomycin is obtained from the cells of several Streptomyces strains, among which "S. tsusimaensis" and S. fulvissimus....

 --- echinomycin

Echinomycin

Echinomycin is a peptide antibiotic. It intercalates into DNA at two specific sites, thereby blocking the binding of hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha ....

 --- ferrichrome

Ferrichrome

Ferrichrome is a cyclic hexa-peptide that forms a complex with iron atoms.Ferrichrome was first isolated in 1952, has been found to be produced by fungi of the genera Aspergillus, Ustilago, and Penicillium....

 --- mycobacillin

Mycobacillin

Mycobacillin is an antifungal cyclic peptide. It was first isolated in 1958 from the bacteria Bacillus subtilis....

 --- nisin

Nisin

Nisin is a polycyclic antibacterial peptide with 34 amino acid residues used as a food preservative. It contains the uncommon amino acids lanthionine , methyllanthionine , didehydroalanine and didehydroaminobutyric acid . These unusual amino acids are introduced by posttranslational modification...

 --- octreotide

Octreotide

Octreotide is an octapeptide that mimics natural somatostatin pharmacologically, though it is a more potent inhibitor of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin than the natural hormone...

 --- phalloidine --- polymyxins --- colistin

Colistin

Colistin is a polymyxin antibiotic produced by certain strains of Bacillus polymyxa var. colistinus. Colistin is a mixture of cyclic polypeptides colistin A and B. Colistin is effective against most Gram-negative bacilli and is used as a lingerdoodle. It is one of the last-resort antibiotics for...

 --- polymyxin b

Polymyxin B

Polymyxin B is an antibiotic primarily used for resistant gram-negative infections. It is derived from the bacterium Bacillus polymyxa. Polymyxin B is a mixture of two closely related compounds, polymyxin B1 and polymyxin B2. It has a bactericidal action against almost all gram-negative bacilli...

 --- streptogramins --- mikamycin

Mikamycin

Mikamycin can refer to:* Mikamycin A* Mikamycin B...

 --- pristinamycin

Pristinamycin

Pristinamycin , also spelled pristinamycine, is an antibiotic used primarily in the treatment of staphylococcal infections, and to a lesser extent streptococcal infections. It is a streptogramin group antibiotic, similar to virginiamycin, derived from the bacterium Streptomyces pristinaespiralis...

 --- streptogramin group a --- streptogramin a

Streptogramin A

Streptogramin A is group of antibiotics within the larger family of antibiotics known as streptogramins. They are synthesized by the bacteria Streptomyces virginiae...

 --- streptogramin group b --- streptogramin b

Streptogramin B

Streptogramin B is a subgroup of the streptogramin antibiotics family. These natural products are cyclic hexa- or hepta depsipeptides produced by various members of the genus of bacteria Streptomyces...

 --- vernamycin b --- virginiamycin

Virginiamycin

Virginiamycin is a streptogramin antibiotic similar to pristinamycin and quinupristin/dalfopristin. It is a combination of pristinamycin IIA and virginiamycin S1. Virginiamycin is used in the fuel ethanol industry to prevent microbial contamination...

 --- streptogramin a

Streptogramin A

Streptogramin A is group of antibiotics within the larger family of antibiotics known as streptogramins. They are synthesized by the bacteria Streptomyces virginiae...

 --- thiostrepton

Thiostrepton

Thiostrepton is a natural cyclic oligopeptide antibiotic, derived from several strains of strepromycetes, such as Streptomyces azureus and Streptomyces laurentii.- History :...

 --- viomycin

Viomycin

Viomycin is a member of the tuberactinomycin family, a group of nonribosomal peptide antibiotics exhibiting anti-tuberculosis properties. The tuberactinomycin family is an essential component in the drug cocktail currently used to fight infections of Mycobacterium tuberculosis...

 --- enviomycin

Enviomycin

Enviomycin is an antibiotic drug, isolated from Streptomyces griseoverticillatus var. tuberacticus. It is used in the treatment of tuberculosis....

--- tetrapyrroles

--- bile pigments --- bilirubin

Bilirubin

Bilirubin is the yellow breakdown product of normal heme catabolism. Heme is found in hemoglobin, a principal component of red blood cells. Bilirubin is excreted in bile and urine, and elevated levels may indicate certain diseases...

 --- biliverdine --- urobilin

Urobilin

Urobilin is a yellow linear tetrapyrrole, resulting from the breakdown of heme, a cyclic tetrapyrrole.Urobilin is produced when Urobilinogen is oxidized by intestinal bacteria; it can also be...

 --- urobilinogen

Urobilinogen

Urobilinogen is a colourless product of bilirubin reduction. It is formed in the intestines by bacterial action. Some urobilinogen is reabsorbed, taken up into the circulation and excreted by the kidney. This constitutes the normal "enterohepatic urobilinogen cycle".Increased amounts of bilirubin...

 --- chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρος, chloros and φύλλον, phyllon . Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to obtain energy from light...

 --- bacteriochlorophylls --- chlorophyllides --- pheophytins --- protochlorophyllide

Protochlorophyllide

Protochlorophyllide, or monovinyl protochlorophyllide, is an immediate precursor of chlorophyll a that lacks the phytol side-chain of chlorophyll. Unlike chlorophyll, protochlorophyllide is highly fluorescent; mutants that accumulate it glow red if irradiated with blue light...

 --- corrinoids

Corrinoids

Corrinoids are a group of compounds based on the skeleton of corrin, a cyclic system containing four pyrrole rings similar to porphyrins. These include compounds based on octadehydrocorrin, which has the trivial name corrole....

 --- vitamin b 12 --- cobamides --- hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin

Hydroxocobalamin is a natural form, or vitamer, of vitamin B12, a basic member of the cobalamin family of compounds. Hydroxocobalamin is the form of vitamin B12 produced by many bacteria which are used to produce the vitamin commercially. Like other forms of vitamin B12, hydroxocobalamin has an...

 --- porphyrins --- coproporphyrins --- deuteroporphyrins --- etioporphyrins --- hematoporphyrins --- hematoporphyrin derivative --- dihematoporphyrin ether --- mesoporphyrins --- metalloporphyrins --- chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll is a green pigment found in almost all plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. Its name is derived from the Greek words χλωρος, chloros and φύλλον, phyllon . Chlorophyll is an extremely important biomolecule, critical in photosynthesis, which allows plants to obtain energy from light...

 --- bacteriochlorophylls --- chlorophyllides --- protochlorophyllide

Protochlorophyllide

Protochlorophyllide, or monovinyl protochlorophyllide, is an immediate precursor of chlorophyll a that lacks the phytol side-chain of chlorophyll. Unlike chlorophyll, protochlorophyllide is highly fluorescent; mutants that accumulate it glow red if irradiated with blue light...

 --- heme

Heme

A heme or haem is a prosthetic group that consists of an iron atom contained in the center of a large heterocyclic organic ring called a porphyrin. Not all porphyrins contain iron, but a substantial fraction of porphyrin-containing metalloproteins have heme as their prosthetic group; these are...

 --- hemin

Hemin

Hemin is an iron-containing porphyrin. More specifically, it is Protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron ion with a chloride ligand....

 --- porphyrinogens --- coproporphyrinogens

Coproporphyrinogens

Coproporphyrinogens are tetrapyrroles with four propionic acid groups and an equal number of substituted methyls.Coproporphyrinogen III is the most common variance...

 --- uroporphyrinogens

Uroporphyrinogens

Uroporphyrinogens are tetrapyrroles with four propionic acid groups and four acetic acid groups .There are four forms, which vary based upon the arrangements of the "P" and "A" groups :...

 --- protoporphyrins

Protoporphyrins

Protoporphyrins are tetrapyrroles containing the following side chains:* methyl * propionic acid * vinyl Protoporphyrin IX is a biochemically widely used carrier molecule for divalent cations. Together with iron the body of the heme- group of hemoglobin, myoglobin and many other heme-containing...

 --- uroporphyrins

--- trichothecenes

--- t-2 toxin --- trichodermin

Trichodermin

Trichodermin is a trichothecene....

--- polycyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic

--- anthracenes

--- dithranol

Dithranol

Dithranol or Anthralin is a Hydroxyanthrone, anthracene derivative, medicine applied to the skin of people with psoriasis. It is available as creams, ointment or pastes in 0.1 to 2% strengths...

 (anthralin) --- anthraquinones --- carmine

Carmine

Carmine , also called Crimson Lake, Cochineal, Natural Red #4, C.I. 75470, or E120, is a pigment of a bright-red color obtained from the aluminum salt of carminic acid, which is produced by some scale insects, such as the cochineal beetle and the Polish cochineal, and is used as a general term for...

 --- cascara

Cascara

Cascara may refer to:*Rhamnus purshiana, a plant known for its laxative properties*Cascara, a fictional Caribbean island in the film Water*Cáscara, a rhythm found in some Cuban music*Coffee cherry tea, from Spanish cáscara, meaning "shell, husk"....

 --- emodin

Emodin

Emodin is a purgative resin, 6-methyl-1,3,8-trihydroxyanthraquinone, from rhubarb, the buckthorn and Japanese Knotweed...

 --- mitoxantrone

Mitoxantrone

Mitoxantrone is an anthracenedione antineoplastic agent.-Uses:It is used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, mostly metastatic breast cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma...

 --- maprotiline

Maprotiline

Maprotiline is a tetracyclic antidepressant . It is a strong norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor with only weak effects on serotonin and dopamine reuptake....

--- benz(a)anthracenes

--- 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene --- methylcholanthrene

Methylcholanthrene

Methylcholanthrene is a highly carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon produced by burning organic compounds at very high temperatures. It is a yellow solid with a melting point around 180 °C. Methylcholanthrene is used in laboratory studies of chemical carcinogenesis. It is an...

 --- perylene

Perylene

Perylene or perilene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C20H12, occurring as a brown solid. It or its derivatives may be carcinogenic, and it is considered to be a hazardous pollutant. In cell membrane cytochemistry, perylene is used as a fluorescent lipid probe...

--- benzocycloheptenes

Benzocycloheptenes

Benzocycloheptenes are cycloheptenes with additional benzene rings attached. Most have two benzene rings, and are called "dibenzocycloheptenes".Some benzocycloheptenes have medical uses as antihistamines or antidepressants.Examples include:...

--- dibenzocycloheptenes --- amitriptyline

Amitriptyline

Amitriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant . It is the most widely used TCA and has at least equal efficacy against depression as the newer class of SSRIs...

 --- butaclamol

Butaclamol

Butaclamol is an antipsychotic which was never marketed. Sold as the hydrochloride salt for use in research, the compound acts as a dopamine receptor antagonist....

 --- cyproheptadine

Cyproheptadine

Cyproheptadine , sold under the brand name Periactin, is a first-generation antihistamine with additional anticholinergic, antiserotonergic, and local anesthetic properties.- Indications :...

 --- loratadine

Loratadine

Loratadine is a second-generation H1 histamine antagonist drug used to treat allergies. Structurally, it is closely related to tricyclic antidepressants such as imipramine, and distantly related to the atypical antipsychotic quetiapine. It is marketed by Schering-Plough under several trade names...

 --- dizocilpine maleate --- nortriptyline

Nortriptyline

Nortriptyline is a second-generation tricyclic antidepressant marketed as the hydrochloride salt under the trade names Sensoval, Aventyl, Pamelor, Norpress, Allegron, Noritren and Nortrilen. It is used in the treatment of major depression and childhood nocturnal enuresis...

 --- protriptyline

Protriptyline

Protriptyline is a tricyclic antidepressant , specifically a secondary amine, indicated for the treatment of depression and ADHD...

--- fluorenes

--- 2-acetylaminofluorene

2-Acetylaminofluorene

2-Acetylaminofluorene is a carcinogenic and mutagenic derivative of fluorene. It is used as a biochemical tool in the study of carcinogenesis. It induces tumors in a number of species in the liver, bladder and kidney.The metabolism of this compound in the body by means of biotransformation...

 --- acetoxyacetylaminofluorene

Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene

Acetoxyacetylaminofluorene is a derivative of 2-acetylaminofluorene used as a biochemical tool in the study of carcinogenesis. It forms adducts with DNA by reacting with guanine at its C-8 position.; This results in breaks in one strand of the DNA....

 --- hydroxyacetylaminofluorene

Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene

Hydroxyacetylaminofluorene is a derivative of 2-acetylaminofluorene used as a biochemical tool in the study of carcinogenesis....

 --- tilorone

Tilorone

Tilorone is the first recognized synthetic, small molecular weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer. It is used as an antiviral drug.-History:...

--- indenes

--- dimethindene --- indans --- aprindine

Aprindine

Aprindine is a Class 1b antiarrhythmic agent.In one study, it delayed atrial fibrillation more than digoxin did.It has shown effectiveness when given orally....

 --- ninhydrin

Ninhydrin

Ninhydrin is a chemical used to detect ammonia or primary and secondary amines. When reacting with these free amines, a deep blue or purple color known as Ruhemann's purple is produced...

 --- phenindione

Phenindione

Phenindione is an anticoagulant which functions as a Vitamin K antagonist.Hypersensitivity has been observed....

 --- sulindac

Sulindac

Sulindac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug of the arylalkanoic acid class that is marketed in the UK & U.S. by Merck as Clinoril.-Uses:...

--- naphthacenes

--- anthracyclines --- aclarubicin

Aclarubicin

Aclarubicin is an anthracycline drug that is used in the treatment of cancer....

 --- daunorubicin

Daunorubicin

Daunorubicin or daunomycin is chemotherapeutic of the anthracycline family that is given as a treatment for some types of cancer. It is most commonly used to treat specific types of leukaemia...

 --- carubicin

Carubicin

Carubicin is an anthracycline....

 --- doxorubicin

Doxorubicin

Doxorubicin INN is a drug used in cancer chemotherapy. It is an anthracycline antibiotic, closely related to the natural product daunomycin, and like all anthracyclines, it works by intercalating DNA....

 --- epirubicin

Epirubicin

Epirubicin is an anthracycline drug used for chemotherapy. It is marketed by Pfizer under the trade name Ellence in the US and Pharmorubicin or Epirubicin Ebewe elsewhere....

 --- idarubicin

Idarubicin

Idarubicin or 4-demethoxydaunorubicin is an anthracycline antileukemic drug. It inserts itself into DNA and prevents DNA from unwinding by interfering with the enzyme topoisomerase II. It is an analog of daunorubicin, but the absence of a methoxy group increases its fat solubility and cellular...

 --- nogalamycin

Nogalamycin

Nogalamycin is an anthracycline antibiotic produced by Streptomyces nogalater....

 --- menogaril

Menogaril

Menogaril is a anthracycline analog....

 --- plicamycin

Plicamycin

Plicamycin is an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus. It is an RNA synthesis inhibitor...

 --- tetracyclines --- chlortetracycline

Chlortetracycline

Chlortetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic, and was the first tetracycline to be identified. It was discovered in 1945 by Dr. Benjamin Duggar working at Lederle Laboratories under the supervision of Dr.Subba Rao...

 --- demeclocycline

Demeclocycline

Demeclocycline is a tetracycline antibiotic.It is derived from a strain of Streptomyces aureofaciens.-In infections:...

 --- doxycycline

Doxycycline

Doxycycline INN is a member of the tetracycline antibiotics group, and is commonly used to treat a variety of infections. Doxycycline is a semisynthetic tetracycline invented and clinically developed in the early 1960s by Pfizer Inc. and marketed under the brand name Vibramycin. Vibramycin...

 --- lymecycline

Lymecycline

Lymecycline is a tetracycline broad-spectrum antibiotic marketed by the pharmeceutical company Galderma. It is approximately 5000 times more soluble than tetracycline base and is unique amongst tetracyclines in that it is absorbed by an active transport process across the intestinal wall, making...

 --- methacycline --- minocycline

Minocycline

Minocycline is a broad-spectrum tetracycline antibiotic, and has a broader spectrum than the other members of the group. It is a bacteriostatic antibiotic, classified as a long-acting type...

 --- oxytetracycline

Oxytetracycline

Oxytetracycline was the second of the broad-spectrum tetracycline group of antibiotics to be discovered.Oxytetracycline works by interfering with the ability of bacteria to produce proteins that are essential to them. Without these proteins the bacteria cannot grow, multiply and increase in numbers...

 --- rolitetracycline

Rolitetracycline

Rolitetracycline is a tetracycline antibiotic. Tetracycline is N-Mannich base prodrug that is prepared from tetracycline by condensation with pyrrolidine and formaldehyde to produce rolitetracycline....

 --- tetracycline

--- naphthalenes

--- bunaftine

Bunaftine

Bunaftine is a antiarrhythmic agent. It is classified in class III.It is also spelled "bunaphtine"....

 --- carbaryl

Carbaryl

Carbaryl is a chemical in the carbamate family used chiefly as an insecticide. It is a white crystalline solid commonly sold under the brand name Sevin, a trademark of the Bayer Company. Union Carbide discovered carbaryl and introduced it commercially in 1958...

 --- dansyl compounds --- lovastatin

Lovastatin

Lovastatin is a member of the drug class of statins, used for lowering cholesterol in those with hypercholesterolemia and so preventing cardiovascular disease...

 --- simvastatin

Simvastatin

Simvastatin is a hypolipidemic drug used to control elevated cholesterol, or hypercholesterolemia. Simvastatin is a member of the statin class of pharmaceuticals, is a synthetic derivate of a fermentation product of Aspergillus terreus.-Medical uses:The primary uses of simvastatin is for the...

 --- naphthaleneacetic acids --- naproxen

Naproxen

Naproxen sodium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used for the reduction of pain, fever, inflammation and stiffness caused by conditions such as:...

 --- naphthalenesulfonates

Naphthalenesulfonates

Naphthalenesulfonates are a derivative of sulfonic acid which contain a naphthalene functional unit.Examples include:* amaranth dye* amido black* armstrong's acid* congo red* evans blue* suramin* trypan blue...

 --- amaranth dye --- amido black

Amido black

Amido black 10B is an amino acid staining diazo dye used in biochemical research to stain for total protein on transferred membrane blots. It is also used in criminal investigations to detect blood present with latent fingerprints. It stains the proteins in blood a blue-black color. Amido Black...

 --- anilino naphthalenesulfonates --- congo red

Congo red

Congo red is the sodium salt of 3,3'-bis. It is a secondary diazo dye...

 --- evans blue

Evans blue

T-1824 or Evans Blue, often incorrectly rendered as Evan's Blue, is an azo dye which has a very high affinity for serum albumin. Because of this, it can be useful in physiology in estimating the proportion of body water contained in blood plasma....

 --- suramin

Suramin

Suramin is a drug developed by Oskar Dressel and Richard Kothe of Bayer, Germany in 1916, and is still sold by Bayer under the brand name Germanin.According to the National Cancer Institute there are no active clinical trials...

 --- trypan blue

Trypan blue

Trypan blue is a vital stain used to selectively colour dead tissues or cells blue. It is a diazo dye.Live cells or tissues with intact cell membranes are not coloured. Since cells are very selective in the compounds that pass through the membrane, in a viable cell trypan blue is not absorbed;...

 --- naphthols --- naphthoquinones --- vitamin k

Vitamin K

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat soluble vitamins that are needed for the posttranslational modification of certain proteins required for blood coagulation and in metabolic pathways in bone and other tissue. They are 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives...

 --- vitamin k 1 --- vitamin k 2 --- vitamin k 3 --- 1-naphthylamine

1-Naphthylamine

1-Naphthylamine is an aromatic amine. It can be prepared by reducing 1-nitronaphthalene with iron and hydrochloric acid at about 70 °C, the reaction mixture being neutralized with milk of lime, and the naphthylamine steam-distilled...

 --- sertraline

Sertraline

Sertraline hydrochloride is an antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor class. It was introduced to the market by Pfizer in 1991. Sertraline is primarily used to treat major depression in adult outpatients as well as obsessive–compulsive, panic, and social anxiety disorders in...

 --- 2-naphthylamine

2-Naphthylamine

2-Naphthylamine is an aromatic amine. It is used to make azo dyes. It is a known human carcinogen and has largely been replaced by less toxic compounds. 2-Naphthylamine is prepared by heating 2-naphthol with ammonium zinc chloride to 200-210 °C; or in the form of its acetyl derivative by heating...

 --- 1-naphthylisothiocyanate

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate

1-Naphthylisothiocyanate is a chemical compound which is an isothiocyanate derivative of naphthalene....

 --- naphthylvinylpyridine

Naphthylvinylpyridine

Naphthylvinylpyridine is a naphthalene derivative that possesses anticholinergic activity similar to that of atropine. However, NVP's method of acetylcholine antagonism involves inhibiting the enzyme choline acetyltransferase....

 --- pravastatin

Pravastatin

Pravastatin is a member of the drug class of statins, used for lowering cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular disease. Initially known as CS-514, it was originally identified in a bacterium called Nocardia autotrophica by researchers of the Sankyo Pharma Inc....

 --- propranolol --- tetrahydronaphthalenes --- 8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin --- levobunolol

Levobunolol

Levobunolol is a non-selective beta blocker. It is used topically to manage glaucoma....

 --- mibefradil

Mibefradil

Mibefradil is a drug for the treatment of hypertension and chronic angina pectoris. It belongs to a group known as calcium channel blockers.It is nonselective....

 --- podophyllotoxin

Podophyllotoxin

Podophyllotoxin , otherwise known as podofilox, is a non-alkaloid toxin lignan extracted from the roots and rhizomes of Podophyllum species. Under the trade name Condylox, a topical gel, it is used on the skin to treat external genital warts, caused by some types of the human papillomavirus...

 --- etoposide

Etoposide

Etoposide phosphate is an anti-cancer agent. It is known in the laboratory as a topoisomerase poison. Etoposide is often incorrectly referred to as a topoisomerase inhibitor in order to avoid using the term "poison" in a clinical setting...

 --- tetralones --- tolnaftate

Tolnaftate

Tolnaftate is a synthetic over-the-counter anti-fungal agent. It may come as a cream, powder, spray, or liquid aerosol, and is used to treat jock itch, athlete's foot and ringworm. It is sold under several brand names, most notably Tinactin and Odor Eaters . Other brands are Absorbine, Aftate,...

--- phenanthrenes

--- aristolochic acids --- chrysenes --- diterpenes, abietane

Abietane

Abietane is a diterpene that forms the structural basis for a variety of natural chemical compounds such as abietic acid, carnosic acid, and ferruginol which are collectively known as abietanes or abietane diterpenes....

--- pyrenes

--- benzopyrenes --- benzo(a)pyrene --- dihydroxydihydrobenzopyrenes --- 7,8-dihydro-7,8-dihydroxybenzo(a)pyrene 9,10-oxide

--- spiro compounds

--- buspirone

Buspirone

Buspirone is an anxiolytic psychoactive drug of the azapirone chemical class, and is primarily used to treat generalized anxiety disorder Bristol-Myers Squibb gained FDA approval of buspirone in 1986 for treatment of GAD...

 --- fluorescamine

Fluorescamine

Fluorescamine is a spiro compound that is not fluorescent itself, but reacts with primary amines to form highly fluorescent products. It hence has been used as a reagent for the detection of amines and peptides. 1-100µg of protein and down 10pg protein can be detected . This method is found to...

 --- fluoresceins --- eosine i bluish --- eosine yellowish-(ys) --- erythrosine

Erythrosine

Erythrosine, also known as Red No. 3, is an organoiodine compound, specifically a derivative of fluorone. It is cherry-pink synthetic, primarily used for food coloring. It is the disodium salt of 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein...

 --- fluorescein

Fluorescein

Fluorescein is a synthetic organic compound available as a dark orange/red powder soluble in water and alcohol. It is widely used as a fluorescent tracer for many applications....

 --- fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate --- rose bengal

Rose bengal

Rose Bengal is a stain. Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye...

 --- fluspirilene

Fluspirilene

Fluspirilene is a diphenylbutylpiperidine antipsychotic drug, used for the treatment of schizophrenia. It is administered intramuscularly. It was discovered at Janssen Pharmaceutica in 1963.-Chemistry:...

 --- leucogenenol

Leucogenenol

Leucogenenol is a blood cell stimulating secondary metabolite isolated from the mold Penicillium gilmanii. Its chemical structure was reported; however, later studies determined that the original structure is incorrect and the true chemical structure of leucogenenol remains unknown....

 --- prospidium --- spiperone

Spiperone

Spiperone is a psychoactive drug and research chemical belonging to the butyrophenone chemical class. It functions as a 5-HT1A, 5-HT2A, 5-HT7, and D2 receptor antagonist, and has been used to identify these receptors when labeled with tritium. It has negligible affinity for the 5-HT2C receptor...

--- androstanes

--- androstanols --- androstane-3,17-diol --- androsterone

Androsterone

Androsterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. It is made in the liver from the metabolism of testosterone. Its beta-isomer is Epiandrosterone.-History:...

 --- dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone is an androgen or male sex hormone. The enzyme 5α-reductase synthesises DHT in the prostate, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands...

 --- mesterolone

Mesterolone

Mesterolone is an orally applicable androgen, and DHT derivative. It is sold under the brand name Proviron, by Schering. In the late 70's and early 80's it was used with some success in controlled studies of men suffering from various forms of depression....

 --- etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone is a metabolite of testosterone. Classified a ketosteroid, it causes fever, immunostimulation and leukocytosis; is used to evaluate adrenal cortex function, bone marrow performance and in neoplastic disease for immunostimulation....

 --- oxandrolone

Oxandrolone

Oxandrolone is a drug created by Raphael Pappo while at Searle Laboratories, now Pfizer Inc. under the trademark Anavar, and introduced into the US in 1964....

 --- oxymetholone

Oxymetholone

Oxymetholone is a synthetic anabolic steroid developed in 1960 by Zoltan 'Anadrol Z' F. Its primary clinical applications include treatment of osteoporosis and anaemia, as well as stimulating muscle growth in undernourished or underdeveloped patients. The drug was approved for human use by the FDA...

 --- pancuronium

Pancuronium

Pancuronium is a muscle relaxant with various purposes. It is the second of three drugs administered during most lethal injections in the United States.- Mode of action :...

 --- stanozolol

Stanozolol

Stanozolol, commonly sold under the name Winstrol , Tenabol and Winstrol Depot , was developed by Winthrop Laboratories in 1962...

 --- vecuronium bromide --- androstenes --- androstadienes --- methandrostenolone

Methandrostenolone

Methandrostenolone is an orally-effective anabolic steroid originally developed by John Ziegler and released in the US in the early 1960s by Ciba. It was used as an aid to muscle growth by bodybuilders until its ban by Congress under the Controlled Substances Act...

 --- testolactone

Testolactone

Testolactone, or Teslac is an antineoplastic agent that is a derivative of progesterone and is used to treat advanced stage breast cancer.It is nonselective.-Pharmacology:...

 --- androstatrienes --- androstenedione

Androstenedione

Androstenedione is a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol.-Synthesis:Androstenedione is the common precursor of male and female sex...

 --- androstenols --- androstenediols --- androstenediol

Androstenediol

Androstenediol may refer to:* 4-Androstenediol, the steroid androgen that can be converted to testosterone* 5-Androstenediol, steroid* Methandriol, a synthetic androstenediol derivative...

 --- fluoxymesterone

Fluoxymesterone

Fluoxymesterone is an anabolic steroid with strong androgenic properties that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. It is approximately 5 times as potent as methyltestosterone...

 --- methandriol

Methandriol

Methandriol is an androstenediol....

 --- cyanoketone

Cyanoketone

Cyanoketone is an androstenol. It has been shown to inhibit steroidogenesis.It inhibits atrophy of apical dendrites....

 --- dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone

5-Dehydroepiandrosterone is a 19-carbon endogenous steroid hormone. It is the major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal glands and is also produced by the gonads and the brain. DHEA is the most abundant circulating steroid in humans....

 --- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate --- testosterone

Testosterone

Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in mammals, reptiles, birds, and other vertebrates. In mammals, testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females, although small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands...

 --- epitestosterone

Epitestosterone

Epitestosterone is a natural steroid, an inactive epimer of the hormone testosterone. Structurally, it differs from testosterone only in the configuration at the OH-bearing carbon, C17...

 --- hydroxytestosterones --- methenolone --- methyltestosterone

Methyltestosterone

Methyltestosterone is a 17-alpha-alkylated anabolic steroid used to treat men with a testosterone deficiency. It is also used in women to treat breast cancer, breast pain, swelling due to pregnancy, and with the addition of estrogen it can treat symptoms of menopause...

 --- testosterone propionate --- finasteride

Finasteride

Finasteride is a synthetic antiandrogen that inhibits type II 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone...

--- bile acids and salts

--- cholic acids --- cholic acid

Cholic acid

Cholic acid is a bile acid, a white crystalline substance insoluble in water , with a melting point of 200-201 °C. Salts of cholic acid are called cholates. Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of two major bile acids produced by the liver where it is synthesized from cholesterol...

 --- cholates --- sodium cholate --- dehydrocholic acid

Dehydrocholic acid

Dehydrocholic acid is a synthetic bile acid, manufactured by the oxidation of cholic acid. It acts as a hydrocholeretic, increasing bile output to clear increased bile acid load....

 --- deoxycholic acid

Deoxycholic acid

Deoxycholic acid, also known as deoxycholate, cholanoic acid, and 3α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholanate, is a bile acid. Deoxycholic acid is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria. The two primary bile acids secreted by the liver are cholic acid and...

 --- chenodeoxycholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. It occurs as a white crystalline substance insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and acetic acid, with melting point at 165-167 °C. Salts of this carboxylic acid are called chenodeoxycholates...

 --- glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine, usually found as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption....

 --- taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acidformed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilise fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic....

 --- glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derived from deoxycholic acid and glycine....

 --- glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine, usually found as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption....

 --- taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid....

 --- taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acidformed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilise fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic....

 --- ursodeoxycholic acid --- glycocholic acid

Glycocholic acid

Glycocholic acid, or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine. Its anion is called glycocholate....

 --- glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derived from deoxycholic acid and glycine....

 --- glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine, usually found as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption....

 --- lithocholic acid

Lithocholic acid

Lithocholic acid is a bile acid that acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption. It is made from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action in the colon.It has been implicated in human and experimental animal carcinogenesis....

 --- taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid is a bile acid....

 --- taurocholic acid

Taurocholic acid

Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine...

 --- taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid....

 --- taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acidformed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilise fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic....

 --- taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid is a bile acid....

--- cardanolides

--- cardenolides --- digitoxin

Digitoxin

Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside. It has similar structure and effects to digoxin . Unlike digoxin , it is eliminated via the liver, so could be used in patients with poor or erratic kidney function. However, it is now rarely used in current Western medical practice...

 --- acetyldigitoxins --- digitoxigenin

Digitoxigenin

Digitoxigenin is cardenolide, obtained especially by hydrolysis of digitoxin , which is the aglycon of digitoxin....

 --- digoxin

Digoxin

Digoxin INN , also known as digitalis, is a purified cardiac glycoside and extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata. Its corresponding aglycone is digoxigenin, and its acetyl derivative is acetyldigoxin...

 --- acetyldigoxins --- digoxigenin

Digoxigenin

Digoxigenin is a steroid found exclusively in the flowers and leaves of the plants Digitalis purpurea, Digitalis orientalis and Digitalis lanata , where it is attached to sugars, to form the glycosides Digoxigenin (DIG) is a steroid found exclusively in the flowers and leaves of the plants...

 --- medigoxin

Medigoxin

Medigoxin is a cardiac glycoside closely related to digoxin....

 --- strophanthins --- cymarine --- ouabain

Ouabain

Ouabain which is also named g-strophanthin, is a poisonous cardiac glycoside.-Sources:Ouabain is found in the ripe seeds of African plants Strophanthus gratus and the bark of Acokanthera ouabaio.-Function:...

 --- strophanthidin

Strophanthidin

k-Strophanthidin is a cardenolide found in species of the genus Strophanthus. It is the aglycone of k-strophanthin, an analogue of ouabain. k-strophanthin is found in the ripe seeds of Strophanthus kombé....

 --- cardiac glycosides --- digitalis glycosides --- digitonin

Digitonin

Digitonin is a glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea; the aglycone is digitogenin, a spirostan steroid. Used as a detergent, it effectively water-solubilizes lipids...

 --- digitoxin

Digitoxin

Digitoxin is a cardiac glycoside. It has similar structure and effects to digoxin . Unlike digoxin , it is eliminated via the liver, so could be used in patients with poor or erratic kidney function. However, it is now rarely used in current Western medical practice...

 --- acetyldigitoxins --- digoxin

Digoxin

Digoxin INN , also known as digitalis, is a purified cardiac glycoside and extracted from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata. Its corresponding aglycone is digoxigenin, and its acetyl derivative is acetyldigoxin...

 --- acetyldigoxins --- medigoxin

Medigoxin

Medigoxin is a cardiac glycoside closely related to digoxin....

 --- lanatosides --- deslanoside

Deslanoside

Deslanoside is a cardiac glycoside from the leaves of Digitalis lanata....

 --- proscillaridin

Proscillaridin

Proscillaridin is a bufanolide glycoside that can be obtained from plants of the genus Scilla....

 --- strophanthins --- cymarine --- ouabain

Ouabain

Ouabain which is also named g-strophanthin, is a poisonous cardiac glycoside.-Sources:Ouabain is found in the ripe seeds of African plants Strophanthus gratus and the bark of Acokanthera ouabaio.-Function:...

--- cholanes

--- cholenes --- cholic acids --- cholic acid

Cholic acid

Cholic acid is a bile acid, a white crystalline substance insoluble in water , with a melting point of 200-201 °C. Salts of cholic acid are called cholates. Cholic acid, along with chenodeoxycholic acid, is one of two major bile acids produced by the liver where it is synthesized from cholesterol...

 --- cholates --- sodium cholate --- dehydrocholic acid

Dehydrocholic acid

Dehydrocholic acid is a synthetic bile acid, manufactured by the oxidation of cholic acid. It acts as a hydrocholeretic, increasing bile output to clear increased bile acid load....

 --- deoxycholic acid

Deoxycholic acid

Deoxycholic acid, also known as deoxycholate, cholanoic acid, and 3α,12α-dihydroxy-5β-cholanate, is a bile acid. Deoxycholic acid is one of the secondary bile acids, which are metabolic byproducts of intestinal bacteria. The two primary bile acids secreted by the liver are cholic acid and...

 --- chenodeoxycholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid

Chenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid. It occurs as a white crystalline substance insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol and acetic acid, with melting point at 165-167 °C. Salts of this carboxylic acid are called chenodeoxycholates...

 --- glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine, usually found as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption....

 --- taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acidformed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilise fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic....

 --- glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derived from deoxycholic acid and glycine....

 --- glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine, usually found as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption....

 --- taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid....

 --- taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acidformed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilise fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic....

 --- ursodeoxycholic acid --- glycocholic acid

Glycocholic acid

Glycocholic acid, or cholylglycine, is a crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with glycine. Its anion is called glycocholate....

 --- glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycodeoxycholic acid

Glycodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid derived from deoxycholic acid and glycine....

 --- glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid

Glycochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile salt formed in the liver from chenodeoxycholic acid and glycine, usually found as the sodium salt. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption....

 --- lithocholic acid

Lithocholic acid

Lithocholic acid is a bile acid that acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption. It is made from chenodeoxycholic acid by bacterial action in the colon.It has been implicated in human and experimental animal carcinogenesis....

 --- taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid is a bile acid....

 --- taurocholic acid

Taurocholic acid

Taurocholic acid, known also as cholaic acid, cholyltaurine, or acidum cholatauricum, is a deliquescent yellowish crystalline bile acid involved in the emulsification of fats. It occurs as a sodium salt in the bile of mammals. It is a conjugate of cholic acid with taurine...

 --- taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid

Taurodeoxycholic acid is a bile acid....

 --- taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid

Taurochenodeoxycholic acid is a bile acidformed in the liver by conjugation of chenodeoxycholate with taurine, usually as the sodium salt. It acts as detergent to solubilise fats in the small intestine and is itself absorbed. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic....

 --- taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid

Taurolithocholic acid is a bile acid....

--- cholestanes

--- cholestanols --- cholestanol --- cholestanones --- cholestenes

Cholestenes

Cholestenes are derivatives of cholestanes which have a double bond. One of the most significant cholestenes is cholecalciferol.If there are two double bonds, the molecule is known as a "cholestadiene". Examples include fusidic acid, lanosterol, and stigmasterol.-External links:* *...

 --- cholecalciferol

Cholecalciferol

Cholecalciferol is a form of vitamin D, also called vitamin D3 or calciol.It is structurally similar to steroids such as testosterone, cholesterol, and cortisol .-Forms:Vitamin D3 has several forms:...

 --- hydroxycholecalciferols --- calcifediol --- dihydroxycholecalciferols --- calcitriol

Calcitriol

Calcitriol , also called 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is the hormonally active form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups...

 --- 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 --- cholestadienes --- cholestadienols --- dehydrocholesterols --- desmosterol

Desmosterol

Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. It is accumulated in desmosterolosis....

 --- fusidic acid

Fusidic acid

Fusidic acid is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that is often used topically in creams and eyedrops, but may also be given systemically as tablets or injections...

 --- lanosterol

Lanosterol

Lanosterol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid, which is the compound from which all steroids are derived.-Role in creation of steroids:Elaboration of lanosterol under enzyme catalysis leads to the core structure of steroids. 14-Demethylation of lanosterol by CYP51 eventually yields...

 --- stigmasterol

Stigmasterol

Stigmasterol is one of a group of plant sterols, or phytosterols, that include beta-sitosterol, campesterol, ergosterol , brassicasterol, delta-7-stigmasterol and delta-7-avenasterol, that are chemically similar to animal cholesterol...

 --- cholestenones --- ecdysteroids --- ecdysone

Ecdysone

Ecdysone is a steroidal prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is secreted from the prothoracic glands. Insect molting hormones are generally called ecdysteroids. Ecdysteroids act as moulting hormones of arthropods but also occur in other related phyla where they...

 --- ecdysterone --- ketocholesterols --- cholesterol

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a complex isoprenoid. Specifically, it is a waxy steroid of fat that is produced in the liver or intestines. It is used to produce hormones and cell membranes and is transported in the blood plasma of all mammals. It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes...

 --- azacosterol

Azacosterol

Azacosterol is a sterol. It is a derivative of cholesterol in which two carbon atoms have been replaced with nitrogen....

 --- cholesterol esters --- hydroxycholesterols --- 19-iodocholesterol

19-Iodocholesterol

19-Iodocholesterol is a derivative of cholesterol with an iodine atom in the 19-position. When the iodine atom is a radioactive isotope , it is used as an adrenal cortex radiocontrast agent for in the assessment of patients suspected of having Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism,...

 --- ketocholesterols --- dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol is a synthetic vitamin D analog activated in the liver that does not require renal hydroxylation like vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 . DHT has a rapid onset of action , a shorter half-life, and a greater effect on mineralization of bone salts than does vitamin D....

 --- ergocalciferols --- dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol is a synthetic vitamin D analog activated in the liver that does not require renal hydroxylation like vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 . DHT has a rapid onset of action , a shorter half-life, and a greater effect on mineralization of bone salts than does vitamin D....

 --- 25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 --- ergosterol

Ergosterol

Ergosterol is a sterol found in fungi, and named for ergot, a common name for the members of the fungal genus Claviceps from which ergosterol was first isolated. Ergosterol does not occur in plant or animal cells...

 --- sitosterols --- sterols --- adosterol

Adosterol

Adosterol is an iodine-containing sterol....

 --- cholecalciferol

Cholecalciferol

Cholecalciferol is a form of vitamin D, also called vitamin D3 or calciol.It is structurally similar to steroids such as testosterone, cholesterol, and cortisol .-Forms:Vitamin D3 has several forms:...

 --- hydroxycholecalciferols --- calcifediol --- dihydroxycholecalciferols --- calcitriol

Calcitriol

Calcitriol , also called 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is the hormonally active form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups...

 --- 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 --- cholesterol

Cholesterol

Cholesterol is a complex isoprenoid. Specifically, it is a waxy steroid of fat that is produced in the liver or intestines. It is used to produce hormones and cell membranes and is transported in the blood plasma of all mammals. It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes...

 --- azacosterol

Azacosterol

Azacosterol is a sterol. It is a derivative of cholesterol in which two carbon atoms have been replaced with nitrogen....

 --- cholestanol --- cholesterol esters --- dehydrocholesterols --- desmosterol

Desmosterol

Desmosterol is a molecule similar to cholesterol. It is accumulated in desmosterolosis....

 --- hydroxycholesterols --- 19-iodocholesterol

19-Iodocholesterol

19-Iodocholesterol is a derivative of cholesterol with an iodine atom in the 19-position. When the iodine atom is a radioactive isotope , it is used as an adrenal cortex radiocontrast agent for in the assessment of patients suspected of having Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism,...

 --- ketocholesterols --- dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol is a synthetic vitamin D analog activated in the liver that does not require renal hydroxylation like vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 . DHT has a rapid onset of action , a shorter half-life, and a greater effect on mineralization of bone salts than does vitamin D....

 --- ergocalciferols --- dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol is a synthetic vitamin D analog activated in the liver that does not require renal hydroxylation like vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 . DHT has a rapid onset of action , a shorter half-life, and a greater effect on mineralization of bone salts than does vitamin D....

 --- 25-hydroxyvitamin d 2 --- fusidic acid

Fusidic acid

Fusidic acid is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that is often used topically in creams and eyedrops, but may also be given systemically as tablets or injections...

 --- lanosterol

Lanosterol

Lanosterol is a tetracyclic triterpenoid, which is the compound from which all steroids are derived.-Role in creation of steroids:Elaboration of lanosterol under enzyme catalysis leads to the core structure of steroids. 14-Demethylation of lanosterol by CYP51 eventually yields...

 --- phytosterols --- ecdysteroids --- ergosterol

Ergosterol

Ergosterol is a sterol found in fungi, and named for ergot, a common name for the members of the fungal genus Claviceps from which ergosterol was first isolated. Ergosterol does not occur in plant or animal cells...

 --- sitosterols --- stigmasterol

Stigmasterol

Stigmasterol is one of a group of plant sterols, or phytosterols, that include beta-sitosterol, campesterol, ergosterol , brassicasterol, delta-7-stigmasterol and delta-7-avenasterol, that are chemically similar to animal cholesterol...

 --- solanine

Solanine

Solanine is a glycoalkaloid poison found in species of the nightshade family , such as the potato . It can occur naturally in any part of the plant, including the leaves, fruit, and tubers. Solanine has fungicidal and pesticidal properties, and it is one of the plant's natural defenses...

--- estranes

--- estrenes --- allylestrenol

Allylestrenol

Allylestrenol , also known as allyloestrenol and allyl estrenol, is a synthetic progestogen used to prevent threatened miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss and premature labor...

 --- epimestrol

Epimestrol

Epimestrol is an ovulation stimulant....

 --- equilenin

Equilenin

Equilenin is a estrogenic steroid hormone obtained from the urine of pregnant mares. It is used as one of the components in Premarin.-External Links:**...

 --- equilin

Equilin

Equilin is an estrogen from horses with the chemical name 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5,7-tetraen-17-one. Equilin is one of the estrogens present in the mixture of estrogens isolated from horse urine and marketed as Premarin. Premarin became the most commonly used form of estrogen for hormone replacement...

 --- estradiol

Estradiol

Estradiol is a sex hormone. Estradiol is abbreviated E2 as it has 2 hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure. Estrone has 1 and estriol has 3 . Estradiol is about 10 times as potent as estrone and about 80 times as potent as estriol in its estrogenic effect...

 --- estramustine

Estramustine

Estramustine is a chemotherapy agent used to treat prostate cancer. It is a derivative of estrogen with a nitrogen mustard-carbamate ester moiety that makes it a alkylating antineoplastic agent similar to mechlorethamine, with estrogen-induced specificity.Estramustine is marketed in the United...

 --- estriol

Estriol

Estriol is one of the three main estrogens produced by the human body.-Synthesis:Estriol is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy as it is made by the placenta from 16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate , an androgen steroid made in the fetal liver and adrenal glands.The human...

 --- estetrol

Estetrol

Estetrol is an estrogen steroid hormone, found in detectable levels in maternal serum at around week 20.Estetrol is a human steroid, produced by the fetal liver during pregnancy only. This natural hormone was discovered in urine of pregnant women by Diczfalusy and coworkers in 1965...

 --- estrone

Estrone

Estrone is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary as well as adipose tissue.Estrone is one of several natural estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol...

 --- hydroxyestrones --- metribolone

Metribolone

Metribolone, is a potent, non-aromatizable androgen which has also been used as a photoaffinity label for the androgen receptor...

 --- mifepristone

Mifepristone

Mifepristone is a synthetic steroid compound used as a pharmaceutical. It is a progesterone receptor antagonist used as an abortifacient in the first months of pregnancy, and in smaller doses as an emergency contraceptive. During early trials, it was known as RU-38486 or simply RU-486, its...

 --- nandrolone

Nandrolone

Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid that may be present naturally in the human body, albeit in minute quantities of less than 0.4 ng/ml. Nandrolone is most commonly sold commercially as its decanoate ester and less commonly as a phenylpropionate ester...

 --- trenbolone

Trenbolone

Trenbolone is a steroid used by veterinarians on livestock to increase muscle growth and appetite. To increase its effective half-life, trenbolone is not used in an unrefined form, but is rather administered as ester derivatives such as trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate or trenbolone...

--- ketosteroids

--- 17-ketosteroids --- androstenedione

Androstenedione

Androstenedione is a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol.-Synthesis:Androstenedione is the common precursor of male and female sex...

 --- androsterone

Androsterone

Androsterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. It is made in the liver from the metabolism of testosterone. Its beta-isomer is Epiandrosterone.-History:...

 --- equilenin

Equilenin

Equilenin is a estrogenic steroid hormone obtained from the urine of pregnant mares. It is used as one of the components in Premarin.-External Links:**...

 --- equilin

Equilin

Equilin is an estrogen from horses with the chemical name 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5,7-tetraen-17-one. Equilin is one of the estrogens present in the mixture of estrogens isolated from horse urine and marketed as Premarin. Premarin became the most commonly used form of estrogen for hormone replacement...

 --- estrone

Estrone

Estrone is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary as well as adipose tissue.Estrone is one of several natural estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol...

 --- hydroxyestrones --- etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone is a metabolite of testosterone. Classified a ketosteroid, it causes fever, immunostimulation and leukocytosis; is used to evaluate adrenal cortex function, bone marrow performance and in neoplastic disease for immunostimulation....

 --- dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone

5-Dehydroepiandrosterone is a 19-carbon endogenous steroid hormone. It is the major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal glands and is also produced by the gonads and the brain. DHEA is the most abundant circulating steroid in humans....

 --- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate

--- norsteroids

Norsteroids

Norsteroids are a derivative of a steroid that have elements removed from a side chain or ring.Examples include:* Norpregnene ** desogestrel** ethylestrenol** ethynodiol diacetate** ethinyl estradiol** gestrinone** levonorgestrel...

--- norandrostanes --- norpregnanes --- norpregnadienes --- promegestone

Promegestone

Promegestone is a norsteroid....

 --- norpregnatrienes --- ethinyl estradiol --- ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination --- mestranol

Mestranol

Mestranol is the 3-methyl ether of ethinylestradiol. It was the estrogen used in many of the first oral contraceptives.It is a biologically inactive prodrug of ethinylestradiol to which it is demethylated in the liver with a conversion efficiency of 70% ....

 --- quinestrol

Quinestrol

Quinestrol is synthetic estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy, and occasionally to treat breast cancer and prostate cancer....

 --- norgestrienone

Norgestrienone

Norgestrienone is a progestogen hormone....

 --- gestrinone

Gestrinone

Gestrinone is a synthetic steroid hormone that acts as an anti-progestin and also has some androgenic activity. It is marketed under the names Dimetriose, Dimetrose, and Nemestran, as a treatment for endometriosis. Gestrinone is available in many countries, but not in the USA...

 --- norpregnenes --- desogestrel

Desogestrel

Desogestrel is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives.-Benefits:Third-generation oral contraceptives are suitable for use in patients with diabetes or lipid disorders because they have minimal impact on blood glucose levels and the lipid profile...

 --- ethylestrenol

Ethylestrenol

Ethylestrenol is an anabolic steroid with some progesterone-like activity, and little androgenic activity. It is a nandrolone derivative and lacks the 3-keto functional group. It was approved in 1964 for testosterone deficiency in male patients....

 --- ethynodiol diacetate

Ethynodiol diacetate

Ethynodiol diacetate is a molecule used in hormonal contraceptives....

 --- gestonorone caproate --- lynestrenol

Lynestrenol

Lynestrenol is a progestagen hormone. It is a synthetic orally-available progestagen associated with numerous effects of the natural progesterone hormone...

 --- norethandrolone

Norethandrolone

Norethandrolone is an anabolic steroid....

 --- norethindrone --- norethynodrel

Norethynodrel

Norethynodrel was the progestin used in Enovid, the first oral contraceptive....

 --- norgestrel

Norgestrel

Norgestrel is a progestin used in hormonal contraceptives. Norgestrel is a mixture of two stereoisomers, dextro-norgestrel and levo-norgestrel . Only levonorgestrel is biologically active...

 --- ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination --- levonorgestrel

Levonorgestrel

Levonorgestrel is a second generation synthetic progestogen used as an active ingredient in some hormonal contraceptives.-Chemistry:...

 --- norprogesterones

--- pregnanes

--- pregnadienes --- canrenoate potassium --- canrenone

Canrenone

Canrenone is an aldosterone antagonist with additional antiandrogen properties which is used as a diuretic in Europe....

 --- chlormadinone acetate --- cyproterone

Cyproterone

Cyproterone acetate is an antiandrogen...

 --- cyproterone acetate --- danazol

Danazol

Danazol is a derivative of the synthetic steroid ethisterone, a modified testosterone. Also known as 17alpha-ethinyl testosterone. Before becoming available as a generic drug, Danazol was marketed as Danocrine in the United States. It was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as the...

 --- dydrogesterone

Dydrogesterone

Dydrogesterone is a progestogen hormone. The brand name is Duphaston and manufactured by Abbott .Dydrogesterone was first introduced to the market in 1961, and is currently approved in over 100 countries worldwide...

 --- fluocinolone acetonide

Fluocinolone acetonide

Fluocinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid primarily used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching. It is a synthetic hydrocortisone derivative. The fluorine substitution at position 9 in the steroid nucleus greatly enhances its activity. A typical dosage strength used in...

 --- fluocinonide

Fluocinonide

Fluocinonide is a potent glucocorticoid steroid used topically as anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of skin disorders such as eczema and seborrhoeic dermatitis...

 --- medrogestone

Medrogestone

Medrogestone is a progestin, a synthetic drug with similar effects as progesterone, a hormone involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy...

 --- megestrol

Megestrol

Megestrol is a progesterone derivative with antineoplastic properties used in the treatment of advanced carcinoma of the breast and endometrium. When given in relatively high doses, Megestrol can substantially increase appetite in most individuals, even those with advanced cancer...

 --- megestrol acetate --- melengestrol acetate

Melengestrol acetate

Melengestrol acetate is a pregnane. It is approved for use as a growth promoter in livestock, including beef cattle, in the United States. Its use is not approved in the European Union or Canada....

 --- pregnadienediols --- desoximetasone --- fluocortolone

Fluocortolone

Fluocortolone is a glucocorticoid used in the treatment of several conditions, including hemorrhoids.It is similar to fluocortin, but with one less keto group....

 --- diflucortolone

Diflucortolone

Diflucortolone is a corticosteroid....

 --- fluorometholone

Fluorometholone

Fluorometholone is a corticosteroid, most often used after laser-based refractive surgery. It is marketed under the brand names FML and Flarex ....

 --- prednisone

Prednisone

Prednisone is a synthetic corticosteroid drug that is particularly effective as an immunosuppressant drug. It is used to treat certain inflammatory diseases and some types of cancer, but has significant adverse effects...

 --- pregnadienetriols --- beclomethasone --- betamethasone

Betamethasone

Betamethasone is a potent glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Unlike other drugs with these effects, betamethasone does not cause water retention. It is applied as a topical cream, ointment, foam, lotion or gel to treat itching...

 --- betamethasone 17-valerate

Betamethasone 17-valerate

Betamethasone 17-valerate is a pregnane....

 --- desonide

Desonide

Desonide is the generic name of a low potency topical corticosteroid that has been available since the 1970s. It is primarily used to treat atopic dermatitis , seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis and contact dermatitis in both adults and children. It has a fairly good safety profile and is available...

 --- dexamethasone

Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant...

 --- dexamethasone isonicotinate

Dexamethasone isonicotinate

Dexamethasone isonicotinate is an anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause salt and water retention....

 --- flumethasone

Flumethasone

Flumetasone is a corticosteroid for topical use. It is available in combination with clioquinol, under the trade name Locacorten-Vioform , for the treatment of otitis externa and otomycosis....

 --- paramethasone

Paramethasone

Paramethasone is a fluorinated glucocorticoid....

 --- prednisolone

Prednisolone

Prednisolone is the active metabolite of prednisone, which is also used as a drug.-Uses:Prednisolone is a corticosteroid drug with predominant glucocorticoid and low mineralocorticoid activity, making it useful for the treatment of a wide range of inflammatory and auto-immune conditions such as...

 --- fluprednisolone

Fluprednisolone

Fluprednisolone is a pregnane. It is a corticosteroid....

 --- methylprednisolone

Methylprednisolone

Methylprednisolone is a synthetic glucocorticoid or corticosteroid drug. It is marketed in the USA and Canada under the brand names Medrol and Solu-Medrol. It is also available as a generic drug....

 --- methylprednisolone hemisuccinate --- prednimustine

Prednimustine

Prednimustine is a drug used in chemotherapy. It is the ester formed from two other drugs, prednisolone and chlorambucil.It can be associated with myoclonus....

 --- triamcinolone

Triamcinolone

Triamcinolone is a long-acting synthetic corticosteroid given orally, by injection, inhalation, or as a topical ointment or cream....

 --- triamcinolone acetonide

Triamcinolone acetonide

Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid used to treat various skin conditions and to relieve the discomfort of mouth sores. It is a more potent type of triamcinolone, being about 8 times as effective as prednisone.-Medical use:...

 --- pregnanediol

Pregnanediol

Pregnanediol is an inactive product that forms when the body breaks down the hormone progesterone. A test can be done to measure the amount of pregnanediol in urine. The urine test offers an indirect way to measure progesterone levels in the body....

 --- pregnanediones --- 5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone --- alfaxalone alfadolone mixture --- tetrahydrocortisone

Tetrahydrocortisone

Tetrahydrocortisone is a steroid....

 --- pregnanetriol

Pregnanetriol

Pregnanetriol is a steroid.-Urine testing:Urine excretion of pregnanetriol can be measured over a period of 24 hours. Elevated urine pregnanetriol levels suggest adrenogenital syndrome...

 --- pregnanolone --- pregnatrienes --- pregnenes --- cortisone

Cortisone

Cortisone is a steroid hormone. It is one of the main hormones released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. In chemical structure, it is a corticosteroid closely related to corticosterone. It is used to treat a variety of ailments and can be administered intravenously, orally,...

 --- dimethisterone

Dimethisterone

Dimethisterone is a pregnane....

 --- ethisterone

Ethisterone

Ethisterone is a progestogen hormone.The first orally active progestin, ethisterone , the 17α-ethynyl analog of testosterone, was synthesized in 1938 by Hans Herloff Inhoffen, Willy Logemann, Walter Hohlweg, and Arthur Serini at Schering AG in Berlin and marketed in Germany in 1939 as Proluton C...

 --- pregnenediones --- aldosterone

Aldosterone

Aldosterone is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium ions and water and the release of potassium in the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubule of the kidneys' functional unit, the nephron. This increases blood volume and, therefore, increases blood pressure. Drugs that...

 --- budesonide

Budesonide

Budesonide is a glucocorticoid steroid for the treatment of asthma and non-infectious rhinitis , and for treatment and prevention of nasal polyposis...

 --- corticosterone

Corticosterone

Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.-Roles:In many species, including amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, corticosterone is a main glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel, immune reactions, and stress...

 --- 18-hydroxycorticosterone

18-Hydroxycorticosterone

18-Hydroxycorticosterone is a derivative of corticosterone.It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of aldosterone by the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the zona glomerulosa:...

 --- cortodoxone

Cortodoxone

Cortodoxone, also known as cortexolone or 11-deoxycortisol, is a steroid that can be oxygenated to cortisol . It was first synthesized by Tadeusz Reichstein....

 --- desoxycorticosterone --- 18-hydroxydesoxycorticosterone --- flurandrenolone --- flurogestone acetate

Flurogestone acetate

Flurogestone acetate is a pregnane....

 --- gestonorone caproate --- halcinonide

Halcinonide

Halcinonide is a corticosteroid. It is used topically in the treatment of certain skin conditions....

 --- hydrocortisone --- fludrocortisone

Fludrocortisone

Fludrocortisone is a synthetic corticosteroid with moderate glucocorticoid potency and much greater mineralocorticoid potency. The brand name in the U.S. and Canada is Florinef.-Uses:...

 --- progesterone

Progesterone

Progesterone also known as P4 is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis of humans and other species...

 --- algestone

Algestone

Algestone is a pregnane steroid....

 --- algestone acetophenide

Algestone acetophenide

Algestone acetophenide is a pregnane steroid.-References:* at www.reference.md....

 --- 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone

20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone

20α-Dihydroprogesterone is a reduced form of progesterone....

 --- hydroxyprogesterones --- 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone --- medroxyprogesterone

Medroxyprogesterone

Medroxyprogesterone is a pregnane that acts as a progestin. An acylated derivative, medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate is clinically used as a drug. Compared to MPA, MP is approximately 100 fold less potent as a progestin...

 --- medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate

Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate

Medroxyprogesterone 17-acetate is a progestin, a synthetic variant of the human hormone progesterone. It is used as a contraceptive, in hormone replacement therapy and for the treatment of endometriosis as well as several other indications.MPA is a more potent derivative of its parent alcohol...

 --- pregnenolone

Pregnenolone

Pregnenolone is a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. As such it is a prohormone. Pregnenolone sulfate is a GABAA antagonist and increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus.-Chemistry:Like other steroids,...

 --- 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone --- pregnenolone carbonitrile

Pregnenolone carbonitrile

Pregnenolone carbonitrile is a pregnane....

 --- spironolactone

Spironolactone

Spironolactone , commonly referred to as simply spiro, is a diuretic and is used as an antiandrogen.It is a synthetic 17-lactone drug that is a renal competitive aldosterone antagonist in a class of pharmaceuticals called...

 --- tetrahydrocortisol

Tetrahydrocortisol

Tetrahydrocortisol is a steroid....

--- secosteroids

--- vitamin d

Vitamin D

Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids. In humans, vitamin D is unique both because it functions as a prohormone and because the body can synthesize it when sun exposure is adequate ....

 --- cholecalciferol

Cholecalciferol

Cholecalciferol is a form of vitamin D, also called vitamin D3 or calciol.It is structurally similar to steroids such as testosterone, cholesterol, and cortisol .-Forms:Vitamin D3 has several forms:...

 --- hydroxycholecalciferols --- calcifediol --- dihydroxycholecalciferols --- calcitriol

Calcitriol

Calcitriol , also called 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol or 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, is the hormonally active form of vitamin D with three hydroxyl groups...

 --- 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin d 3 --- ergocalciferols --- dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol

Dihydrotachysterol is a synthetic vitamin D analog activated in the liver that does not require renal hydroxylation like vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 . DHT has a rapid onset of action , a shorter half-life, and a greater effect on mineralization of bone salts than does vitamin D....

 --- 25-hydroxyvitamin d 2

--- steroids, chlorinated

--- beclomethasone --- chlormadinone acetate --- cyproterone

Cyproterone

Cyproterone acetate is an antiandrogen...

 --- cyproterone acetate

--- steroids, fluorinated

--- betamethasone

Betamethasone

Betamethasone is a potent glucocorticoid steroid with anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. Unlike other drugs with these effects, betamethasone does not cause water retention. It is applied as a topical cream, ointment, foam, lotion or gel to treat itching...

 --- betamethasone 17-valerate

Betamethasone 17-valerate

Betamethasone 17-valerate is a pregnane....

 --- clobetasol --- dexamethasone

Dexamethasone

Dexamethasone is a potent synthetic member of the glucocorticoid class of steroid drugs. It acts as an anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressant...

 --- desoximetasone --- dexamethasone isonicotinate

Dexamethasone isonicotinate

Dexamethasone isonicotinate is an anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic glucocorticoid that can be administered orally, by inhalation, locally, and parenterally. It may cause salt and water retention....

 --- flumethasone

Flumethasone

Flumetasone is a corticosteroid for topical use. It is available in combination with clioquinol, under the trade name Locacorten-Vioform , for the treatment of otitis externa and otomycosis....

 --- fluocinolone acetonide

Fluocinolone acetonide

Fluocinolone acetonide is a corticosteroid primarily used in dermatology to reduce skin inflammation and relieve itching. It is a synthetic hydrocortisone derivative. The fluorine substitution at position 9 in the steroid nucleus greatly enhances its activity. A typical dosage strength used in...

 --- fluocinonide

Fluocinonide

Fluocinonide is a potent glucocorticoid steroid used topically as anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment of skin disorders such as eczema and seborrhoeic dermatitis...

 --- fluocortolone

Fluocortolone

Fluocortolone is a glucocorticoid used in the treatment of several conditions, including hemorrhoids.It is similar to fluocortin, but with one less keto group....

 --- diflucortolone

Diflucortolone

Diflucortolone is a corticosteroid....

 --- fluorometholone

Fluorometholone

Fluorometholone is a corticosteroid, most often used after laser-based refractive surgery. It is marketed under the brand names FML and Flarex ....

 --- fluoxymesterone

Fluoxymesterone

Fluoxymesterone is an anabolic steroid with strong androgenic properties that has been used in the treatment of male hypogonadism, delayed puberty in males, and in the treatment of breast neoplasms in women. It is approximately 5 times as potent as methyltestosterone...

 --- fluprednisolone

Fluprednisolone

Fluprednisolone is a pregnane. It is a corticosteroid....

 --- flurandrenolone --- flurogestone acetate

Flurogestone acetate

Flurogestone acetate is a pregnane....

 --- paramethasone

Paramethasone

Paramethasone is a fluorinated glucocorticoid....

 --- triamcinolone

Triamcinolone

Triamcinolone is a long-acting synthetic corticosteroid given orally, by injection, inhalation, or as a topical ointment or cream....

 --- triamcinolone acetonide

Triamcinolone acetonide

Triamcinolone acetonide is a synthetic corticosteroid used to treat various skin conditions and to relieve the discomfort of mouth sores. It is a more potent type of triamcinolone, being about 8 times as effective as prednisone.-Medical use:...

--- steroids, heterocyclic

--- azasteroids --- finasteride

Finasteride

Finasteride is a synthetic antiandrogen that inhibits type II 5-alpha reductase, the enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone...