The following is a list of the "G" codes for MeSH

Mesh

Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...

. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine

United States National Library of Medicine

The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...

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Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)

--- biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition

--- binding sites

--- allosteric site --- bay region (chemistry) --- binding, competitive --- binding sites, antibody

--- body composition

Body composition

In physical fitness, body composition is used to describe the percentages of fat, bone and muscle in human bodies. Because muscular tissue takes up less space in our body than fat tissue, our body composition, as well as our weight, determines leanness...

--- body fat distribution --- adiposity --- body fluid compartments

--- calcification, physiologic

--- tooth calcification

--- energy transfer

Energy transfer

Energy transfer is the transfer of energy from one body to another.There are a few main ways that energy transfer occurs:*Radiant energy *Heat conduction*Convection*Electrical power transmission*Mechanical work...

--- linear energy transfer

Linear energy transfer

Linear energy transfer is a measure of the energy transferred to material as an ionizing particle travels through it. Typically, this measure is used to quantify the effects of ionizing radiation on biological specimens or electronic devices....

--- molecular structure

Molecular structure

The molecular structure of a substance is described by the combination of nuclei and electrons that comprise its constitute molecules. This includes the molecular geometry , the electronic properties of the...

--- amino acid sequence --- amino acid motifs --- f-box motifs --- catalytic domain --- exteins --- histone code

Histone code

The histone code is a hypothesis that the transcription of genetic information encoded in DNA is in part regulated by chemical modifications to histone proteins, primarily on their unstructured ends. Together with similar modifications such as DNA methylation it is part of the epigenetic code...

 --- immunoglobulin variable region --- complementarity determining regions --- inteins --- peptide library

Peptide library

A peptide library is a newly developed technique for protein related study. A peptide library contains a great number of peptides that have a systematic combination of amino acids. Usually, peptide library is synthesized on solid phase, mostly on resin, which can be made as flat surface or beads...

 --- protein sorting signals --- nuclear export signals --- nuclear localization signals --- repetitive sequences, amino acid --- ankyrin repeat

Ankyrin repeat

The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and Drosophila Notch. Ankyrin repeats mediate protein–protein interactions and are among the most common structural motifs in known proteins...

 --- base sequence --- at rich sequence --- gc rich sequence --- cpg islands --- matrix attachment regions --- regulatory sequences, nucleic acid --- enhancer elements (genetics) --- e-box elements --- hiv enhancer --- response elements --- serum response element --- vitamin d response element --- insulator elements --- locus control region

Locus Control Region

Locus control regions are defined by their ability to enhance the expression of linked genes to physiological levels in a tissue-specific and copy number-dependent manner at ectopic chromatin sites...

 --- operator regions (genetics) --- promoter regions (genetics) --- response elements --- serum response element --- vitamin d response element --- tata box

TATA box

The TATA box is a DNA sequence found in the promoter region of genes in archaea and eukaryotes; approximately 24% of human genes contain a TATA box within the core promoter....

 --- regulatory sequences, ribonucleic acid --- rna 3' polyadenylation signals --- rna splice sites --- rna 5' terminal oligopyrimidine sequence --- silencer elements, transcriptional --- terminator regions (genetics) --- repetitive sequences, nucleic acid --- interspersed repetitive sequences --- dna transposable elements --- integrons --- genomic islands --- retroelements --- endogenous retroviruses --- genes, intracisternal a-particle --- long interspersed nucleotide elements --- short interspersed nucleotide elements --- alu elements --- tandem repeat sequences --- dna repeat expansion --- trinucleotide repeat expansion

Trinucleotide repeat expansion

Trinucleotide repeat expansion, also known as triplet repeat expansion, is the DNA mutation responsible for causing any type of disorder categorized as a trinucleotide repeat disorder. These are labelled in dynamical genetics as dynamic mutations. Triplet expansion is caused by slippage during DNA...

 --- dna, satellite --- microsatellite repeats --- dinucleotide repeats --- trinucleotide repeats --- trinucleotide repeat expansion

Trinucleotide repeat expansion

Trinucleotide repeat expansion, also known as triplet repeat expansion, is the DNA mutation responsible for causing any type of disorder categorized as a trinucleotide repeat disorder. These are labelled in dynamical genetics as dynamic mutations. Triplet expansion is caused by slippage during DNA...

 --- minisatellite repeats --- terminal repeat sequences --- hiv long terminal repeat --- hiv enhancer --- carbohydrate sequence --- conserved sequence

Conserved sequence

In biology, conserved sequences are similar or identical sequences that occur within nucleic acid sequences , protein sequences, protein structures or polymeric carbohydrates across species or within different molecules produced by the same organism...

 --- consensus sequence

Consensus sequence

In molecular biology and bioinformatics, consensus sequence refers to the most common nucleotide or amino acid at a particular position after multiple sequences are aligned. A consensus sequence is a way of representing the results of a multiple sequence alignment, where related sequences are...

 --- molecular conformation --- carbohydrate conformation

Carbohydrate conformation

Carbohydrate conformation is the characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate. Conformations of monosaccharide and oligosaccharide heavily influence their reactivity and recognition by other molecules, which are essential to mammals and other organisms....

 --- nucleic acid conformation --- base pairing --- protein conformation --- protein structure, quaternary --- protein structure, secondary --- amino acid motifs --- ankyrin repeat

Ankyrin repeat

The ankyrin repeat is a 33-residue motif in proteins consisting of two alpha helices separated by loops, first discovered in signaling proteins in yeast Cdc10 and Drosophila Notch. Ankyrin repeats mediate protein–protein interactions and are among the most common structural motifs in known proteins...

 --- at-hook motifs --- cystine knot motifs --- f-box motifs --- helix-loop-helix motifs --- ef hand motifs --- helix-turn-helix motifs --- leucine zippers --- zinc fingers --- protein structure, tertiary --- hmg-box domains --- kringles --- src homology domains --- structural homology, protein

--- sequence homology

--- sequence homology, amino acid --- structural homology, protein --- sequence homology, nucleic acid --- synteny

Synteny

In classical genetics, synteny describes the physical co-localization of genetic loci on the same chromosome within an individual or species. The concept is related to genetic linkage: Linkage between two loci is established by the observation of lower-than-expected recombination frequencies...

--- signal transduction

Signal transduction

Signal transduction occurs when an extracellular signaling molecule activates a cell surface receptor. In turn, this receptor alters intracellular molecules creating a response...

--- ion channel gating --- map kinase signaling system --- mechanotransduction, cellular --- phototransduction --- second messenger systems --- calcium signaling

Calcium signaling

Calcium is a common signaling mechanism, as once it enters the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins...

 --- synaptic transmission

--- structure-activity relationship

Structure-activity relationship

The structure–activity relationship is the relationship between the chemical or 3D structure of a molecule and its biological activity. The analysis of SAR enables the determination of the chemical groups responsible for evoking a target biological effect in the organism...

--- quantitative structure-activity relationship

Quantitative structure-activity relationship

Quantitative structure–activity relationship or QSPR is the process by which chemical structure is quantitatively correlated with a well defined process, such as biological activity or chemical reactivity.For example, biological activity can be expressed quantitatively as the concentration of a...

--- water-electrolyte balance

--- kallikrein-kinin system --- water loss, insensible

--- absorption

--- intestinal absorption --- skin absorption

Absorption (skin)

Skin absorption is a route by which substances can enter the body through the skin. Along with inhalation, ingestion and injection, dermal absorption is a route of exposure for toxic substances and route of administration for medication...

--- acylation

Acylation

In chemistry, acylation is the process of adding an acyl group to a compound. The compound providing the acyl group is called the acylating agent....

--- acetylation

Acetylation

Acetylation describes a reaction that introduces an acetyl functional group into a chemical compound...

 --- aminoacylation

Aminoacylation

Aminoacylation is the process of adding an aminoacyl group to a compound.-See also:*Acylation*tRNA aminoacylation*Transfer RNA-like structures...

 --- transfer rna aminoacylation

--- alkylation

Alkylation

Alkylation is the transfer of an alkyl group from one molecule to another. The alkyl group may be transferred as an alkyl carbocation, a free radical, a carbanion or a carbene . Alkylating agents are widely used in chemistry because the alkyl group is probably the most common group encountered in...

--- methylation

Methylation

In the chemical sciences, methylation denotes the addition of a methyl group to a substrate or the substitution of an atom or group by a methyl group. Methylation is a form of alkylation with, to be specific, a methyl group, rather than a larger carbon chain, replacing a hydrogen atom...

 --- dna methylation

DNA methylation

DNA methylation is a biochemical process that is important for normal development in higher organisms. It involves the addition of a methyl group to the 5 position of the cytosine pyrimidine ring or the number 6 nitrogen of the adenine purine ring...

--- biological transport

--- biological transport, active --- active transport, cell nucleus --- membrane potentials --- capillary permeability --- cell membrane permeability --- cytoplasmic streaming

Cytoplasmic streaming

Cytoplasmic streaming is the directed flow of cytosol and organelles around large fungal and plant cells. This movement aids in the delivery of nutrients, metabolites, genetic information, and other materials to all parts of the cell...

 --- axonal transport --- ion transport --- calcium signaling

Calcium signaling

Calcium is a common signaling mechanism, as once it enters the cytoplasm it exerts allosteric regulatory effects on many enzymes and proteins...

 --- protein transport --- active transport, cell nucleus --- respiratory transport --- pulmonary gas exchange --- rna transport

--- carbohydrate metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms....

--- fermentation

Fermentation (biochemistry)

Fermentation is the process of extracting energy from the oxidation of organic compounds, such as carbohydrates, using an endogenous electron acceptor, which is usually an organic compound. In contrast, respiration is where electrons are donated to an exogenous electron acceptor, such as oxygen,...

 --- gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis

Gluconeogenesis is a metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from non-carbohydrate carbon substrates such as lactate, glycerol, and glucogenic amino acids....

 --- glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis

Glycogenolysis is the conversion of glycogen polymers to glucose monomers. Glycogen is catabolized by removal of a glucose monomer through cleavage with inorganic phosphate to produce glucose-1-phosphate...

 --- glycolysis

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...

 --- pentose phosphate pathway

Pentose phosphate pathway

The pentose phosphate pathway is a process that generates NADPH and pentoses . There are two distinct phases in the pathway. The first is the oxidative phase, in which NADPH is generated, and the second is the non-oxidative synthesis of 5-carbon sugars...

--- energy metabolism

--- basal metabolism --- citric acid cycle

Citric acid cycle

The citric acid cycle — also known as the tricarboxylic acid cycle , the Krebs cycle, or the Szent-Györgyi-Krebs cycle — is a series of chemical reactions which is used by all aerobic living organisms to generate energy through the oxidization of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and...

 --- glycolysis

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C6H12O6, into pyruvate, CH3COCOO− + H+...

 --- oxidation-reduction --- electron transport --- lipid peroxidation

Lipid peroxidation

Lipid peroxidation refers to the oxidative degradation of lipids. It is the process in which free radicals "steal" electrons from the lipids in cell membranes, resulting in cell damage. This process proceeds by a free radical chain reaction mechanism...

 --- oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate . Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP,...

 --- pentose phosphate pathway

Pentose phosphate pathway

The pentose phosphate pathway is a process that generates NADPH and pentoses . There are two distinct phases in the pathway. The first is the oxidative phase, in which NADPH is generated, and the second is the non-oxidative synthesis of 5-carbon sugars...

 --- photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is a chemical process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight. Photosynthesis occurs in plants, algae, and many species of bacteria, but not in archaea. Photosynthetic organisms are called photoautotrophs, since they can...

 --- photophosphorylation

Photophosphorylation

The production of ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions...

 --- proton-motive force --- substrate cycling

--- lipid metabolism

Lipid metabolism

Lipid metabolism refers to the processes that involve the intercourse and degradation of lipids.The types of lipids involved include:* Bile salts* Cholesterols* Eicosanoids* Glycolipids* Ketone bodies* Fatty acids - see also fatty acid metabolism...

--- lipogenesis

Lipogenesis

Lipogenesis is the process by which acetyl-CoA is converted to fats. The former is an intermediate stage in metabolism of simple sugars, such as glucose, a source of energy of living organisms. Through lipogenesis, the energy can be efficiently stored in the form of fats...

 --- lipolysis

Lipolysis

Lipolysis is the breakdown of lipids and involves the hydrolysis of triglycerides into free fatty acids followed by further degradation into acetyl units by beta oxidation. The process produces Ketones, which are found in large quantities in ketosis, a metabolic state that occurs when the liver...

 --- lipid mobilization

--- oxidative stress

Oxidative stress

Oxidative stress represents an imbalance between the production and manifestation of reactive oxygen species and a biological system's ability to readily detoxify the reactive intermediates or to repair the resulting damage...

--- protein carbonylation

--- oxygen consumption

--- anaerobic threshold --- respiratory burst

Respiratory burst

Respiratory burst is the rapid release of reactive oxygen species from different types of cells....

--- peptide biosynthesis

--- aminoacylation

Aminoacylation

Aminoacylation is the process of adding an aminoacyl group to a compound.-See also:*Acylation*tRNA aminoacylation*Transfer RNA-like structures...

 --- transfer rna aminoacylation --- peptide biosynthesis, nucleic acid-independent --- protein biosynthesis

Protein biosynthesis

Protein biosynthesis is the process in which cells build or manufacture proteins. The term is sometimes used to refer only to protein translation but more often it refers to a multi-step process, beginning with amino acid synthesis and transcription of nuclear DNA into messenger RNA, which is then...

 --- frameshifting, ribosomal --- peptide chain elongation, translational --- peptide chain initiation, translational --- peptide chain termination, translational --- protein modification, translational --- protein processing, post-translational --- protein isoprenylation --- protein splicing

Protein splicing

Protein splicing is an intramolecular reaction of a particular protein in which an internal protein segment is removed from a precursor protein with a ligation of C-terminal and N-terminal external proteins on both sides...

 --- transfer rna aminoacylation

--- pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics

Pharmacokinetics, sometimes abbreviated as PK, is a branch of pharmacology dedicated to the determination of the fate of substances administered externally to a living organism...

--- area under curve --- biological availability --- biotransformation

Biotransformation

Biotransformation is the chemical modification made by an organism on a chemical compound. If this modification ends in mineral compounds like CO2, NH4+, or H2O, the biotransformation is called mineralisation....

 --- metabolic clearance rate --- metabolic detoxication, drug --- metabolic detoxication, phase i --- metabolic detoxication, phase ii --- therapeutic equivalency --- tissue distribution

--- phosphorylation

Phosphorylation

Phosphorylation is the addition of a phosphate group to a protein or other organic molecule. Phosphorylation activates or deactivates many protein enzymes....

--- oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation

Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce adenosine triphosphate . Although the many forms of life on earth use a range of different nutrients, almost all aerobic organisms carry out oxidative phosphorylation to produce ATP,...

 --- photophosphorylation

Photophosphorylation

The production of ATP using the energy of sunlight is called photophosphorylation. Only two sources of energy are available to living organisms: sunlight and reduction-oxidation reactions...

--- rna processing, post-transcriptional

--- rna 3' end processing --- polyadenylation

Polyadenylation

Polyadenylation is the addition of a poly tail to an RNA molecule. The poly tail consists of multiple adenosine monophosphates; in other words, it is a stretch of RNA that has only adenine bases. In eukaryotes, polyadenylation is part of the process that produces mature messenger RNA for translation...

 --- rna editing

RNA editing

The term RNA editing describes those molecular processes in which the information content in an RNA molecule is altered through a chemical change in the base makeup. To date, such changes have been observed in tRNA, rRNA, mRNA and microRNA molecules of eukaryotes but not prokaryotes...

 --- rna splicing

RNA splicing

In molecular biology and genetics, splicing is a modification of an RNA after transcription, in which introns are removed and exons are joined. This is needed for the typical eukaryotic messenger RNA before it can be used to produce a correct protein through translation...

 --- alternative splicing

Alternative splicing

Alternative splicing is a process by which the exons of the RNA produced by transcription of a gene are reconnected in multiple ways during RNA splicing...

 --- trans-splicing

Trans-splicing

Trans-splicing is a special form of RNA processing in eukaryotes where exons from two different primary RNA transcripts are joined end to end and ligated....

--- child nutrition

--- adolescent nutrition --- infant nutrition --- bottle feeding --- breast feeding --- weaning

Weaning

Weaning is the process of gradually introducing a mammal infant, either human or animal, to what will be its adult diet and withdrawing the supply of its mother's milk.The process takes place only in mammals, as only mammals produce milk...

--- diet

Diet

Diet, in relation to food, might mean:*Diet , the sum of the food consumed by an organism or group*Dieting, the deliberate selection of food to control body weight or nutrient intake*Diet food, foods that aid in dieting...

--- diet, mediterranean --- diet, vegetarian --- diet, macrobiotic --- energy intake --- caloric restriction

--- maternal nutrition

Maternal nutrition

Maternal nutrition is the dietary intake and habits of expectant mothers with dual emphasis on the health of the mother and the physical and mental development of infants...

--- prenatal nutrition