List of Roman deities
Encyclopedia
This is a list of deities of ancient Rome
, including those who are known to have received cult within the city of Rome, the ager Romanus
, or the provinces of the Empire
under a Latin or Latinized name. A comprehensive alphabetical list follows a survey of theological groups as constructed by the Romans themselves. For cult pertaining to deified Roman emperor
s, see Imperial cult
.
of the Twelve Great Gods in 217 BC, the Augustan
historian
Livy
places the deities in gender-balanced pairs:
Divine male-female complements such as these, as well as the anthropomorphic influence
of Greek mythology
, contributed to a tendency in Latin literature
to represent the gods as "married" couples or (as in the case of Venus and Mars) lovers.
Varro
uses the name Dii Consentes
for the 12 deities, six male-female pairs, whose gilded images stood in the forum
. Although individual names are not listed, they are assumed to be the deities of the lectisternium. A fragment from Ennius
, within whose lifetime the lectisternium occurred, lists the same 12 deities by name, though in a different order from that of Livy: Juno, Vesta, Minerva, Ceres, Diana, Venus, Mars, Mercurius, Jove, Neptunus, Vulcanus, Apollo.
The Dii Consentes are sometimes seen as the Roman equivalent of the Greek Olympians
. The meaning of Consentes is subject to interpretation, but is usually taken to mean that they form a council or consensus of deities.
At the beginning of his treatise on farming
, Varro
gives a list of twelve deities who are vital to agriculture. These make up a conceptual or theological grouping, and are not known to have received cult collectively. They are:
In his Georgics
, a collection of poetry on agrarian themes, Vergil gives a list influenced by literary Hellenization
and Augustan
ideology:
The poet proposes that the divus Julius Caesar
be added as a thirteenth.
Varro, who was himself of Sabine
origin, gives a list of Sabine gods who were adopted by the Romans:
Elsewhere, Varro claims Sol Indiges, who had a sacred grove
at Lavinium
, as Sabine but at the same time equates him with Apollo
. Of those listed, he writes, "several names have their roots in both languages, as trees that grow on a property line creep into both fields. Saturn, for instance, can be said to have another origin here, and so too Diana." Varro makes various claims for Sabine origins throughout his works, some more plausible than others, and his list should not be taken at face value. But the importance of the Sabines in the early cultural formation of Rome is evidenced, for instance, by the bride abduction of the Sabine women by Romulus
's men, and in the Sabine ethnicity of Numa Pompilius
, second king of Rome
, to whom are attributed many of Rome's religious and legal institutions. Varro, however, says that the altars to most of these gods were established at Rome by King Tatius
as the result of a vow (votum
).
Augusta
"The elevated or august one" (feminine form), an honorific and title associated with the development and dissemination of Rome's Imperial cult
and applied to Roman Empresses, whether living, deceased or deified as divi. The first Augusta was Livia
, wife of Octavian, and the title is then shared by various state goddess including Bona Dea
, Ceres
, Juno
Minerva
and Ops
; and by many minor, local goddesses and the personifications of Imperial virtues such as Pax
and Victoria
, both held to be essentially female.
Augustus
"The elevated or august one" (masculine form), a honorific and title awarded to Octavian in recognition of his unique status, the extraordinary range of his powers, and the apparent divine approval of his principate
. After his death and deification, the title was awarded to each of his successors. It also became a near ubiquitous title or honour for various minor local deities, including the Lares Augusti of local communities, and obscure provincial deities such as the North African Marazgu Augustus; and for divine personifications of the Emperor's virtues. The extension of this Imperial honorific to major and minor deities of Rome and her provinces is considered a ground-level feature of Imperial cult
.
, Isis
, Juno
, Venus
and other goddesses share the title, as different aspects of a single, supreme heavenly Goddess (Dea Caelestis), identified with the constellation of the Virgin
who holds the divine balance of justice
.
(Mother of the Lares
). From the middle Imperial era, the reigning Empress becomes symbolic Mother of Rome's military camps, its Senate and State (Mater castrorum et senatus et patriae). See also Magna Mater (Great Mother) below.
in her Roman cult, though not exclusive to her. Some Roman literary sources accord the same title to Maia
, inferring that both goddesses are aspects of a supreme "Great Mother".
, Jupiter
and Liber Pater, among others.
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Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
, including those who are known to have received cult within the city of Rome, the ager Romanus
Ager Romanus
Geographically, the Ager Romanus is the name given to the immense rural area around the city of Rome. Politically and historically, it has represented the area of influence of Rome's municipal government...
, or the provinces of the Empire
Roman province
In Ancient Rome, a province was the basic, and, until the Tetrarchy , largest territorial and administrative unit of the empire's territorial possessions outside of Italy...
under a Latin or Latinized name. A comprehensive alphabetical list follows a survey of theological groups as constructed by the Romans themselves. For cult pertaining to deified Roman emperor
Roman Emperor
The Roman emperor was the ruler of the Roman State during the imperial period . The Romans had no single term for the office although at any given time, a given title was associated with the emperor...
s, see Imperial cult
Imperial cult (ancient Rome)
The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority of the Roman State...
.
Triads
- Archaic Triad: JupiterJupiter (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and myth, Jupiter or Jove is the king of the gods, and the god of the sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon....
, MarsMars (mythology)Mars was the Roman god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome. He was second in importance only to Jupiter, and he was the most prominent of the military gods worshipped by the Roman legions...
, QuirinusQuirinusIn Roman mythology, Quirinus was an early god of the Roman state. In Augustan Rome, Quirinus was also an epithet of Janus, as Janus Quirinus. His name is derived from Quiris meaning "spear."-History:...
. - Capitoline TriadCapitoline TriadIn ancient Roman religion, the Capitoline Triad was a group of three supreme deities who were worshipped in an elaborate temple on Rome's Capitoline Hill, the Capitolium. Two distinct Capitoline Triads were worshipped at various times in Rome's history, both originating in ancient traditions...
: Jupiter, JunoJuno (mythology)Juno is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Juno also looked after the women of Rome. Her Greek equivalent is Hera...
, MinervaMinervaMinerva was the Roman goddess whom Romans from the 2nd century BC onwards equated with the Greek goddess Athena. She was the virgin goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, crafts, magic... - Plebeian or Aventine TriadAventine TriadThe Aventine Triad is a modern term for the joint cult of the Roman deities Ceres, Liber and Libera. The cult was established ca. 493 BC within a sacred district on or near the Aventine Hill, traditionally associated with the Roman plebs...
: CeresCeres (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
, LiberLiberIn ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber , also known as Liber Pater was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad. His festival of Liberalia became associated with free speech and the rights...
, LiberaLibera (mythology)Libera is a fertility goddess in ancient Roman religion. Her origins are unknown; she may have been a fertility goddess of archaic or pre-Roman Magna Graecia. Her Latin name is the feminine form of Liber,...
, dating to 493 BC.
Lectisternium
In describing the lectisterniumLectisternium
In ancient Roman religion, the lectisternium was a propitiatory ceremony, consisting of a meal offered to gods and goddesses. The word derives from lectum sternere, "to spread a couch." The deities were represented by their busts or statues, or by portable figures of wood, with heads of bronze,...
of the Twelve Great Gods in 217 BC, the Augustan
Augustan literature (ancient Rome)
Augustan literature is the period of Latin literature written during the reign of Augustus , the first Roman emperor. In literary histories of the first part of the 20th century and earlier, Augustan literature was regarded along with that of the Late Republic as constituting the Golden Age of...
historian
Roman historiography
Roman Historiography is indebted to the Greeks, who invented the form. The Romans had great models to base their works upon, such as Herodotus and Thucydides. Roman historiographical forms are different from the Greek ones however, and voice very Roman concerns. Unlike the Greeks, Roman...
Livy
Livy
Titus Livius — known as Livy in English — was a Roman historian who wrote a monumental history of Rome and the Roman people. Ab Urbe Condita Libri, "Chapters from the Foundation of the City," covering the period from the earliest legends of Rome well before the traditional foundation in 753 BC...
places the deities in gender-balanced pairs:
- Jupiter-Juno
- NeptuneNeptune (mythology)Neptune was the god of water and the sea in Roman mythology and religion. He is analogous with, but not identical to, the Greek god Poseidon. In the Greek-influenced tradition, Neptune was the brother of Jupiter and Pluto, each of them presiding over one of the three realms of the universe,...
-Minerva - Mars-VenusVenus (mythology)Venus is a Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty, sex,sexual seduction and fertility, who played a key role in many Roman religious festivals and myths...
- ApolloApolloApollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in Greek and Roman mythology...
-DianaDiana (mythology)In Roman mythology, Diana was the goddess of the hunt and moon and birthing, being associated with wild animals and woodland, and having the power to talk to and control animals. She was equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, though she had an independent origin in Italy... - VulcanVulcan (mythology)Vulcan , aka Mulciber, is the god of beneficial and hindering fire, including the fire of volcanoes in ancient Roman religion and Roman Neopaganism. Vulcan is usually depicted with a thunderbolt. He is known as Sethlans in Etruscan mythology...
-VestaVesta (mythology)Vesta was the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion. Vesta's presence was symbolized by the sacred fire that burned at her hearth and temples... - MercuryMercury (mythology)Mercury was a messenger who wore winged sandals, and a god of trade, the son of Maia Maiestas and Jupiter in Roman mythology. His name is related to the Latin word merx , mercari , and merces...
-Ceres
Divine male-female complements such as these, as well as the anthropomorphic influence
Interpretatio graeca
Interpretatio graeca is a Latin term for the common tendency of ancient Greek writers to equate foreign divinities to members of their own pantheon. Herodotus, for example, refers to the ancient Egyptian gods Amon, Osiris and Ptah as "Zeus", "Dionysus" and "Hephaestus", respectively.-Roman...
of Greek mythology
Greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece...
, contributed to a tendency in Latin literature
Latin literature
Latin literature includes the essays, histories, poems, plays, and other writings of the ancient Romans. In many ways, it seems to be a continuation of Greek literature, using many of the same forms...
to represent the gods as "married" couples or (as in the case of Venus and Mars) lovers.
Dii Consentes
Varro
Varro was a Roman cognomen carried by:*Marcus Terentius Varro, sometimes known as Varro Reatinus, the scholar*Publius Terentius Varro or Varro Atacinus, the poet*Gaius Terentius Varro, the consul defeated at the battle of Cannae...
uses the name Dii Consentes
Dii Consentes
The Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
for the 12 deities, six male-female pairs, whose gilded images stood in the forum
Forum (Roman)
A forum was a public square in a Roman municipium, or any civitas, reserved primarily for the vending of goods; i.e., a marketplace, along with the buildings used for shops and the stoas used for open stalls...
. Although individual names are not listed, they are assumed to be the deities of the lectisternium. A fragment from Ennius
Ennius
Quintus Ennius was a writer during the period of the Roman Republic, and is often considered the father of Roman poetry. He was of Calabrian descent...
, within whose lifetime the lectisternium occurred, lists the same 12 deities by name, though in a different order from that of Livy: Juno, Vesta, Minerva, Ceres, Diana, Venus, Mars, Mercurius, Jove, Neptunus, Vulcanus, Apollo.
The Dii Consentes are sometimes seen as the Roman equivalent of the Greek Olympians
Twelve Olympians
The Twelve Olympians, also known as the Dodekatheon , in Greek mythology, were the principal deities of the Greek pantheon, residing atop Mount Olympus. Zeus, Hera, Poseidon, Demeter, Hestia, and Hades were siblings. Ares, Hermes, Hephaestus, Athena, Apollo, and Artemis were children of Zeus...
. The meaning of Consentes is subject to interpretation, but is usually taken to mean that they form a council or consensus of deities.
Varro, De re rustica
At the beginning of his treatise on farming
Roman agriculture
Agriculture in ancient Rome was not only a necessity, but was idealized among the social elite as a way of life. Cicero considered farming the best of all Roman occupations...
, Varro
Varro
Varro was a Roman cognomen carried by:*Marcus Terentius Varro, sometimes known as Varro Reatinus, the scholar*Publius Terentius Varro or Varro Atacinus, the poet*Gaius Terentius Varro, the consul defeated at the battle of Cannae...
gives a list of twelve deities who are vital to agriculture. These make up a conceptual or theological grouping, and are not known to have received cult collectively. They are:
- JupiterJupiter (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and myth, Jupiter or Jove is the king of the gods, and the god of the sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon....
-Tellus - SolSol (mythology)Sol was the solar deity in Ancient Roman religion. It was long thought that Rome actually had two different, consecutive sun gods. The first, Sol Indiges, was thought to have been unimportant, disappearing altogether at an early period. Only in the late Roman Empire, scholars argued, did solar cult...
-Luna - CeresCeres (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
-LiberLiberIn ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber , also known as Liber Pater was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad. His festival of Liberalia became associated with free speech and the rights... - RobigusRobigaliaIn ancient Roman religion, the Robigalia was a festival held April 25. Its main ritual was a dog sacrifice to protect grain fields from disease. Games in the form of "major and minor" races were held...
-FloraFlora (mythology)In Roman mythology, Flora was a goddess of flowers and the season of spring. While she was otherwise a relatively minor figure in Roman mythology, being one among several fertility goddesses, her association with the spring gave her particular importance at the coming of springtime... - MinervaMinervaMinerva was the Roman goddess whom Romans from the 2nd century BC onwards equated with the Greek goddess Athena. She was the virgin goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, crafts, magic...
-VenusVenus (mythology)Venus is a Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty, sex,sexual seduction and fertility, who played a key role in many Roman religious festivals and myths... - LymphaLymphaThe Lympha is an ancient Roman deity of fresh water. She is one of twelve agricultural deities listed by Varro as "leaders" of Roman farmers, because "without water all agriculture is dry and poor." The Lymphae are often connected to Fons, "Source" or "Font," a god of fountains and wellheads...
-Bonus Eventus
Vergil, Georgics
In his Georgics
Georgics
The Georgics is a poem in four books, likely published in 29 BC. It is the second major work by the Latin poet Virgil, following his Eclogues and preceding the Aeneid. It is a poem that draws on many prior sources and influenced many later authors from antiquity to the present...
, a collection of poetry on agrarian themes, Vergil gives a list influenced by literary Hellenization
Hellenization
Hellenization is a term used to describe the spread of ancient Greek culture, and, to a lesser extent, language. It is mainly used to describe the spread of Hellenistic civilization during the Hellenistic period following the campaigns of Alexander the Great of Macedon...
and Augustan
Augustan literature (ancient Rome)
Augustan literature is the period of Latin literature written during the reign of Augustus , the first Roman emperor. In literary histories of the first part of the 20th century and earlier, Augustan literature was regarded along with that of the Late Republic as constituting the Golden Age of...
ideology:
- Sol-Luna
- Liber-Ceres
- FauniFaunusIn ancient Roman religion and myth, Faunus was the horned god of the forest, plains and fields; when he made cattle fertile he was called Inuus. He came to be equated in literature with the Greek god Pan....
-Dryads - Neptune
- AristaeusAristaeusA minor god in Greek mythology, which we read largely through Athenian writers, Aristaeus or Aristaios , "ever close follower of the flocks", was the culture hero credited with the discovery of many useful arts, including bee-keeping; he was the son of Apollo and the huntress Cyrene...
- PanPan (mythology)Pan , in Greek religion and mythology, is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music, as well as the companion of the nymphs. His name originates within the Greek language, from the word paein , meaning "to pasture." He has the hindquarters, legs,...
-Minerva - TriptolemusTriptolemusBuzyges redirects here. For the genus of grass skipper butterflies, see Buzyges .Triptolemus , in Greek mythology always connected with Demeter of the Eleusinian Mysteries, might be accounted the son of King Celeus of Eleusis in Attica, or, according to the Pseudo-Apollodorus , the son of Gaia and...
- SilvanusSilvanus (mythology)Silvanus was a Roman tutelary deity of woods and fields. As protector of forests , he especially presided over plantations and delighted in trees growing wild. He is also described as a god watching over the fields and husbandmen, protecting in particular the boundaries of fields...
The poet proposes that the divus Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar
Gaius Julius Caesar was a Roman general and statesman and a distinguished writer of Latin prose. He played a critical role in the gradual transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire....
be added as a thirteenth.
Di selecti
Varro gives a list of twenty principal gods of Roman religion:- JanusJanus-General:*Janus , the two-faced Roman god of gates, doors, doorways, beginnings, and endings*Janus , a moon of Saturn*Janus Patera, a shallow volcanic crater on Io, a moon of Jupiter...
- Jupiter
- SaturnSaturn (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and myth, Saturn was a major god presiding over agriculture and the harvest time. His reign was depicted as a Golden Age of abundance and peace by many Roman authors. In medieval times he was known as the Roman god of agriculture, justice and strength. He held a sickle in...
- GeniusGenius (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, the genius was the individual instance of a general divine nature that is present in every individual person, place or thing.-Nature of the genius:...
- Mercury
- Apollo
- Mars
- Vulcan
- Neptune
- Sol
- OrcusOrcusOrcus was a Roman god of the underworld.Orcus can also refer to:* Orcus , a demon prince in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game*90482 Orcus, a Trans-Neptunian object* Orcus , a genus of ladybird...
- LiberLiberIn ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber , also known as Liber Pater was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad. His festival of Liberalia became associated with free speech and the rights...
- Tellus
- Ceres
- Juno
- Luna
- Diana
- Minerva
- Venus
- Vesta
Sabine gods
Sabine
The Sabines were an Italic tribe that lived in the central Appennines of ancient Italy, also inhabiting Latium north of the Anio before the founding of Rome...
origin, gives a list of Sabine gods who were adopted by the Romans:
- FeroniaFeronia (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Feronia was a goddess broadly associated with fertility and abundance. She was especially honored among plebeians and freedmen...
- Minerva
- Novensides
- PalesPalesIn Roman mythology, Pales was a deity of shepherds, flocks and livestock. Regarded as a male by some sources and a female by others, and even possibly as a pair of deities ....
- SalusSalusSalus was a minor Roman goddess. She was the personification of well-being of both the individual and the state. She is sometimes erroneously associated with the Greek goddess Hygieia....
(goddess) - FortunaFortunaFortuna can mean:*Fortuna, the Roman goddess of luck -Geographical:*19 Fortuna, asteroid*Fortuna, California, town located on the north coast of California*Fortuna, United States Virgin Islands...
- FonsFontusIn ancient Roman religion, Fontus or Fons was a god of wells and springs. A religious festival called the Fontinalia was held on October 13 in his honor. Throughout the city, fountains and wellheads were adorned with garlands.Fons was the son of Juturna and Janus...
- Fides
- OpsOpsIn ancient Roman religion, Ops or Opis, was a fertility deity and earth-goddess of Sabine origin.-Mythology:Her husband was Saturn, the bountiful monarch of the Golden Age. Just as Saturn was identified with the Greek deity Cronus, Opis was identified with Rhea, Cronus' wife...
- Flora
- Vediovis
- SaturnSaturn (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and myth, Saturn was a major god presiding over agriculture and the harvest time. His reign was depicted as a Golden Age of abundance and peace by many Roman authors. In medieval times he was known as the Roman god of agriculture, justice and strength. He held a sickle in...
- SolSol (mythology)Sol was the solar deity in Ancient Roman religion. It was long thought that Rome actually had two different, consecutive sun gods. The first, Sol Indiges, was thought to have been unimportant, disappearing altogether at an early period. Only in the late Roman Empire, scholars argued, did solar cult...
- Luna
- Vulcan
- SummanusSummanusIn ancient Roman religion, Summanus was the god of nocturnal thunder, as counterposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal thunder. His precise nature was unclear even to Ovid....
- LarundaLarundaLarunda was a naiad or nymph, daughter of the river Almo in Ovid's Fasti. She was famous for both beauty and loquacity . She was incapable of keeping secrets, and so revealed to Jupiter's wife Juno his affair with Juturna...
- Terminus
- Quirinus
- VortumnusVertumnusIn Roman mythology, Vertumnus — also Vortumnus or Vertimnus — is the god of seasons, change and plant growth, as well as gardens and fruit trees...
- LaresLaresLares , archaically Lases, were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion. Their origin is uncertain; they may have been guardians of the hearth, fields, boundaries or fruitfulness, hero-ancestors, or an amalgam of these....
- Diana
- Lucina
Elsewhere, Varro claims Sol Indiges, who had a sacred grove
Sacred grove
A sacred grove is a grove of trees of special religious importance to a particular culture. Sacred groves were most prominent in the Ancient Near East and prehistoric Europe, but feature in various cultures throughout the world...
at Lavinium
Lavinium
Lavinium was a port city of Latium, to the south of Rome, at a median distance between the Tiber river at Ostia and Anzio. The coastline then, as now, was a long strip of beach. Lavinium was on a hill at the southernmost edge of the Silva Laurentina, a dense laurel forest, and the northernmost...
, as Sabine but at the same time equates him with Apollo
Apollo
Apollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in Greek and Roman mythology...
. Of those listed, he writes, "several names have their roots in both languages, as trees that grow on a property line creep into both fields. Saturn, for instance, can be said to have another origin here, and so too Diana." Varro makes various claims for Sabine origins throughout his works, some more plausible than others, and his list should not be taken at face value. But the importance of the Sabines in the early cultural formation of Rome is evidenced, for instance, by the bride abduction of the Sabine women by Romulus
Romulus
- People:* Romulus and Remus, the mythical founders of Rome* Romulus Augustulus, the last Western Roman Emperor* Valerius Romulus , deified son of the Roman emperor Maxentius* Romulus , son of the Western Roman emperor Anthemius...
's men, and in the Sabine ethnicity of Numa Pompilius
Numa Pompilius
Numa Pompilius was the legendary second king of Rome, succeeding Romulus. What tales are descended to us about him come from Valerius Antias, an author from the early part of the 1st century BC known through limited mentions of later authors , Dionysius of Halicarnassus circa 60BC-...
, second king of Rome
King of Rome
The King of Rome was the chief magistrate of the Roman Kingdom. According to legend, the first king of Rome was Romulus, who founded the city in 753 BC upon the Palatine Hill. Seven legendary kings are said to have ruled Rome until 509 BC, when the last king was overthrown. These kings ruled for...
, to whom are attributed many of Rome's religious and legal institutions. Varro, however, says that the altars to most of these gods were established at Rome by King Tatius
Titus Tatius
The traditions of ancient Rome held that Titus Tatius was the Sabine king of Cures, who, after the rape of the Sabine women, attacked Rome and captured the Capitol with the treachery of Tarpeia. The Sabine women, however, convinced Tatius and the Roman king, Romulus, to reconcile and subsequently...
as the result of a vow (votum
Votum
In ancient Roman religion, a votum, plural vota, is a vow or promise made to a deity. The word comes from the past participle of the Latin verb voveo, vovere, "vow, promise." As the result of this verbal action, a votum is also that which fulfills a vow, that is, the thing promised, such as...
).
Shared titles and honorifics
Certain honorifics and titles could be shared by different gods, divine personifications, demi-gods and divi (deified mortals).AugustaAugusta (honorific)Augusta was the imperial honorific title of empresses. It was given to the women of the Roman and Byzantine imperial families. In the third century, Augustae could also receive the titles of Mater castrorum and Mater Patriae .The title implied the greatest prestige, with the Augustae able to...
"The elevated or august one" (feminine form), an honorific and title associated with the development and dissemination of Rome's Imperial cultImperial cult (ancient Rome)
The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority of the Roman State...
and applied to Roman Empresses, whether living, deceased or deified as divi. The first Augusta was Livia
Livia
Livia Drusilla, , after her formal adoption into the Julian family in AD 14 also known as Julia Augusta, was a Roman empress as the third wife of the Emperor Augustus and his adviser...
, wife of Octavian, and the title is then shared by various state goddess including Bona Dea
Bona Dea
Bona Dea was a divinity in ancient Roman religion. She was associated with chastity and fertility in women, healing, and the protection of the Roman state and people...
, Ceres
Ceres (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
, Juno
Juno (mythology)
Juno is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Juno also looked after the women of Rome. Her Greek equivalent is Hera...
Minerva
Minerva
Minerva was the Roman goddess whom Romans from the 2nd century BC onwards equated with the Greek goddess Athena. She was the virgin goddess of poetry, medicine, wisdom, commerce, weaving, crafts, magic...
and Ops
Ops
In ancient Roman religion, Ops or Opis, was a fertility deity and earth-goddess of Sabine origin.-Mythology:Her husband was Saturn, the bountiful monarch of the Golden Age. Just as Saturn was identified with the Greek deity Cronus, Opis was identified with Rhea, Cronus' wife...
; and by many minor, local goddesses and the personifications of Imperial virtues such as Pax
Pax
Pax may refer to:* Pax , the Roman goddess of peace- Organizations :* PAX Association in Poland* Pax Forlag, a Norwegian publishing house* PAX Network, a U.S. television network now known as ION Television...
and Victoria
Victoria
- Given name :* Victoria , word origin and list of people* Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom, Empress of India * Victoria, Crown Princess of Sweden * Victoria of Baden , the queen-consort of Sweden as wife of King Gustaf V...
, both held to be essentially female.
AugustusAugustus (honorific)Augustus , Latin for "majestic," "the increaser," or "venerable", was an Ancient Roman title, which was first held by Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus , and subsequently came to be considered one of the titles of what are now known as the Roman Emperors...
"The elevated or august one" (masculine form), a honorific and title awarded to Octavian in recognition of his unique status, the extraordinary range of his powers, and the apparent divine approval of his principatePrincipate
The Principate is the first period of the Roman Empire, extending from the beginning of the reign of Caesar Augustus to the Crisis of the Third Century, after which it was replaced with the Dominate. The Principate is characterized by a concerted effort on the part of the Emperors to preserve the...
. After his death and deification, the title was awarded to each of his successors. It also became a near ubiquitous title or honour for various minor local deities, including the Lares Augusti of local communities, and obscure provincial deities such as the North African Marazgu Augustus; and for divine personifications of the Emperor's virtues. The extension of this Imperial honorific to major and minor deities of Rome and her provinces is considered a ground-level feature of Imperial cult
Imperial cult (ancient Rome)
The Imperial cult of ancient Rome identified emperors and some members of their families with the divinely sanctioned authority of the Roman State...
.
Caelestis
The Celestial or Heavenly one (feminine form), thus "Queen of Heaven". From the middle Imperial era, CeresCeres (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
, Isis
Isis
Isis or in original more likely Aset is a goddess in Ancient Egyptian religious beliefs, whose worship spread throughout the Greco-Roman world. She was worshipped as the ideal mother and wife as well as the matron of nature and magic...
, Juno
Juno (mythology)
Juno is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Juno also looked after the women of Rome. Her Greek equivalent is Hera...
, Venus
Venus (mythology)
Venus is a Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty, sex,sexual seduction and fertility, who played a key role in many Roman religious festivals and myths...
and other goddesses share the title, as different aspects of a single, supreme heavenly Goddess (Dea Caelestis), identified with the constellation of the Virgin
Virgo (constellation)
Virgo is one of the constellations of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for virgin, and its symbol is . Lying between Leo to the west and Libra to the east, it is the second largest constellation in the sky...
who holds the divine balance of justice
Libra (constellation)
Libra is a constellation of the zodiac. Its name is Latin for weighing scales, and its symbol is . It is fairly faint, with no first magnitude stars, and lies between Virgo to the west and Scorpius to the east.-Notable features:]...
.
Mater
"Mother", an honorific that respects a goddesses maternal authority and functions. Early examples include Terra Mater (Mother Earth) and the Mater LarumThe Mother of the Lares
The Mother of the Lares has been identified with any of several minor Roman deities. She appears twice in the records of the Arval Brethren as Mater Larum, elsewhere as Mania and Larunda...
(Mother of the Lares
Lares
Lares , archaically Lases, were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion. Their origin is uncertain; they may have been guardians of the hearth, fields, boundaries or fruitfulness, hero-ancestors, or an amalgam of these....
). From the middle Imperial era, the reigning Empress becomes symbolic Mother of Rome's military camps, its Senate and State (Mater castrorum et senatus et patriae). See also Magna Mater (Great Mother) below.
Magna Mater
"The Great Mother", the title given CybeleCybele
Cybele , was a Phrygian form of the Earth Mother or Great Mother. As with Greek Gaia , her Minoan equivalent Rhea and some aspects of Demeter, Cybele embodies the fertile Earth...
in her Roman cult, though not exclusive to her. Some Roman literary sources accord the same title to Maia
Maia (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Maia is one of the Pleiades and the mother of Hermes. The goddess known as Maia among the Romans may have originated independently, but attracted the myths of Greek Maia because the two figures shared the same name.-Birth:...
, inferring that both goddesses are aspects of a supreme "Great Mother".
Pater
"Father", a title given various deities, to signify their preeminence and paternal care, and the filial respect due to them. An epithet of Dis PaterDis Pater
Dis Pater, or Dispater was a Roman god of the underworld, later subsumed by Pluto or Hades. Originally a chthonic god of riches, fertile agricultural land, and underground mineral wealth, he was later commonly equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus, becoming an underworld deity.Dis Pater...
, Jupiter
Jupiter (mythology)
In ancient Roman religion and myth, Jupiter or Jove is the king of the gods, and the god of the sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon....
and Liber Pater, among others.
A
- AbeonaAbeonaIn ancient Roman religion, Abeona was a goddess who protected children the first time they left their parents' home, safeguarding their first steps alone....
, goddess who protected children the first time they left their parents' home, safeguarding their first steps alone. - AbundantiaAbundantiaIn ancient Roman religion, Abundantia was a divine personification of abundance and prosperity. She was among the embodiments of virtues in religious propaganda that cast the emperor as the ensurer of "Golden Age" conditions. Abundantia thus figures in art, cult, and literature, but has little...
, divine personification of abundance and prosperity. - Acca LarentiaAcca LarentiaAcca Larentia or Acca Larentina was a mythical woman, later goddess, in Roman mythology whose festival, the Larentalia, was celebrated on December 23.-Foster mother:...
, a diva of complex meaning and origin in whose honor the LarentaliaLarentaliaThe Roman festival of Larentalia was held on December 23, but was ordered to be observed twice a year by Augustus; by some supposed to be in honour of the Lares, a kind of domestic genii, or divinities, worshipped in houses, and esteemed the guardians and protectors of families, supposed to reside...
was held. - AcisAcis and Galatea (mythology)In Ovid's Metamorphoses, Acis was the spirit of the Acis River in Sicily, beloved of the nereid, or sea-nymph, Galatea . Galatea returned the love of Acis, but a jealous suitor, the Sicilian Cyclops Polyphemus, killed him with a boulder. Distraught, Galatea then turned his blood into the river...
, god of the Acis River in Sicily. - AdeonaAbeonaIn ancient Roman religion, Abeona was a goddess who protected children the first time they left their parents' home, safeguarding their first steps alone....
, goddess who protected children as they returned home. - Aerecura, goddess possibly of CelticCeltic mythologyCeltic mythology is the mythology of Celtic polytheism, apparently the religion of the Iron Age Celts. Like other Iron Age Europeans, the early Celts maintained a polytheistic mythology and religious structure...
origin, associated with the underworld and identified with ProserpinaProserpinaProserpina or Proserpine is an ancient Roman goddess whose story is the basis of a myth of Springtime. Her Greek goddess' equivalent is Persephone. The probable origin of her name comes from the Latin, "proserpere" or "to emerge," in respect to the growing of grain...
. - AequitasAequitasAequitas is the Latin concept of justice, equality, conformity, symmetry, or fairness. It is the origin of the English word "equity"...
, divine personification of fairness. - Aesculapius, the Roman equivalent of Asclepius, god of health and medicine.
- AeternitasAeternitasIn ancient Roman religion, Aeternitas was the divine personification of eternity. She was particularly associated with Imperial cult as a virtue of the deified emperor ...
, goddess and personification of eternity. - Aius LocutiusAius LocutiusAius Locutius or Aius Loquens , was a Roman deity or numen associated with the Gallic invasions of Rome during the early 4th century BC....
, divine voice that warned the Romans of the imminent GallicGaulsThe Gauls were a Celtic people living in Gaul, the region roughly corresponding to what is now France, Belgium, Switzerland and Northern Italy, from the Iron Age through the Roman period. They mostly spoke the Continental Celtic language called Gaulish....
invasion. - AlemoniaAlemoniaIn ancient Roman religion, the goddess Alemonia or Alemona was responsible for feeding fetuses in utero.Early Roman religion was concerned with the interlocking and complex interrelations between gods and humans. In this, the Romans maintained a large selection of divinities with unusually specific...
or Alemona, goddess responsible for nourishing the unborn child. - Alernus or Elernus (possibly Helernus), an archaic god whose sacred grove (lucusLucusIn ancient Roman religion, a lucus is a sacred grove.Lucus was one of four Latin words meaning in general "forest, woodland, grove" , but unlike the others it was primarily used as a religious designation...
) was near the Tiber river. He is named definitively only by OvidOvidPublius Ovidius Naso , known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who is best known as the author of the three major collections of erotic poetry: Heroides, Amores, and Ars Amatoria...
. The grove was the birthplace of the nymph CraneaCardeaCardea or Carda was the ancient Roman goddess of the hinge , Roman doors being hung on pivot hinges. The Augustan poet Ovid conflates her with another archaic goddess named Carna, whose festival was celebrated on the Kalends of June and for whom he gives the alternative name Cranê or Cranea, a nymph...
, and despite the obscurity of the god, the state priestsCollege of PontiffsThe College of Pontiffs or Collegium Pontificum was a body of the ancient Roman state whose members were the highest-ranking priests of the polytheistic state religion. The college consisted of the Pontifex Maximus, the Vestal Virgins, the Rex Sacrorum, and the flamines...
still carried out sacred rites (sacra) there in the time of AugustusAugustusAugustus ;23 September 63 BC – 19 August AD 14) is considered the first emperor of the Roman Empire, which he ruled alone from 27 BC until his death in 14 AD.The dates of his rule are contemporary dates; Augustus lived under two calendars, the Roman Republican until 45 BC, and the Julian...
. Alernus may have been a chthonicChthonicChthonic designates, or pertains to, deities or spirits of the underworld, especially in relation to Greek religion. The Greek word khthon is one of several for "earth"; it typically refers to the interior of the soil, rather than the living surface of the land or the land as territory...
god, if a black ox was the correct sacrificial offering to him, since dark victims were offered to underworld gods. Dumézil wanted to make him a god of beans. - AngeronaAngeronaIn Roman mythology, Angerona or Angeronia was an old Roman goddess, whose name and functions are variously explained. She is sometimes identified with the goddess Feronia....
, goddess who relieved people from pain and sorrow. - AngitiaAngitiaAngitia was a goddess among the Marsi, the Paeligni and other Oscan-Umbrian populations of central Italy. She was associated in antiquity as snake-charmers who claimed her as their ancestor. Roman interpretations probably obscure her Marsian significance.Her myths vary...
, goddess associated with snakes and MedeaMedeaMedea is a woman in Greek mythology. She was the daughter of King Aeëtes of Colchis, niece of Circe, granddaughter of the sun god Helios, and later wife to the hero Jason, with whom she had two children, Mermeros and Pheres. In Euripides's play Medea, Jason leaves Medea when Creon, king of...
. - Anna PerennaAnna PerennaAnna Perenna was an old Roman deity of the circle or "ring" of the year, as the name clearly indicates. Her festival fell on the Ides of March , which would have marked the first full moon in the year in the old lunar Roman calendar when March was reckoned as the first month of the year, and was...
, early goddess of the "circle of the yearWheel of the YearThe Wheel of the Year is a Neopagan term for the annual cycle of the Earth's seasons. It consists of eight festivals, spaced at approximately even intervals throughout the year. These festivals are referred to as Sabbats...
", her festival was celebrated March 15. - AnnonaAnnona (goddess)In ancient Roman religion, Annona is the divine personification of the grain supply to the city of Rome. She is closely connected to the goddess Ceres, with whom she is often depicted in art....
, the divine personification of the grain supply to the city of RomeGrain supply to the city of RomeIn classical antiquity, the grain supply to the city of Rome could not be met entirely from the surrounding countryside, which was taken up by the villas and parks of the aristocracy and which produced mainly fruit, vegetables and other perishable goods...
. - Antevorta, goddess of the future and one of the Camenae; also called PorrimaPorrimaPorrima may refer to:* Antevorta, a goddess in Roman mythology* Gamma Virginis, a star in the Virgo constellation* Schinia, a genus of insects known as Flower Moths...
. - ApolloApolloApollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in Greek and Roman mythology...
, god of poetry, music, and oracles, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. - Arimanius, an obscure MithraicMithraismThe Mithraic Mysteries were a mystery religion practised in the Roman Empire from about the 1st to 4th centuries AD. The name of the Persian god Mithra, adapted into Greek as Mithras, was linked to a new and distinctive imagery...
god. - AuraAura (mythology)In Greek and Roman mythology, Aura is the divine personification of the breeze. The plural form, Aurae, "Breezes," is often found.The velificatio, a billowing garment that forms an arch overhead, is the primary attribute by which an Aura can be identified in art...
, often plural Aurae, "the Breezes". - AuroraAurora (mythology)Aurora is the Latin word for dawn, the goddess of dawn in Roman mythology and Latin poetry.Like Greek Eos and Rigvedic Ushas , Aurora continues the name of an earlier Indo-European dawn goddess, *Hausos....
, goddess of the dawn. - AverruncusAverruncusIn ancient Roman religion, Averruncus or Auruncus is a god of averting harm. Aulus Gellius says that he is one of the potentially malignant deities who must be propitiated for their power to both inflict and withhold disaster from people and the harvests....
, a god propitiated to avert calamity.
B
- BacchusBacchusBacchus is the Roman name for Dionysus, the god of wine and intoxication.Bacchus can also refer to:* Temple of Bacchus, a Roman temple at a large classical antiquity complex in Baalbek, Lebanon...
, god of wine, sensual pleasures, and truth, originally a cult title for the Greek DionysusDionysusDionysus was the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness and ecstasy in Greek mythology. His name in Linear B tablets shows he was worshipped from c. 1500—1100 BC by Mycenean Greeks: other traces of Dionysian-type cult have been found in ancient Minoan Crete...
and identified with the Roman LiberLiberIn ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber , also known as Liber Pater was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad. His festival of Liberalia became associated with free speech and the rights...
. - BellonaBellona (goddess)Bellona was an Ancient Roman goddess of war, similar to the Ancient Greek Enyo. Bellona's attribute is a sword and she is depicted wearing a helmet and armed with a spear and a torch....
or Duellona, war goddess. - Bona DeaBona DeaBona Dea was a divinity in ancient Roman religion. She was associated with chastity and fertility in women, healing, and the protection of the Roman state and people...
, goddess of fertility, healing, virginity, and women. - Bonus Eventus, divine personification of "Good Outcome".
- BromiusBromiusBromius in ancient Greece was used as an epithet of Dionysus/Bacchus. It signifies "noisy" or "boisterous", from , to roar. According to Richard Buxton, Bromius is another name for a fundamental divine figure that precedes Ouranus and Night in Orphic myth...
, an epithet, Greek in origin, of BacchusDionysusDionysus was the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness and ecstasy in Greek mythology. His name in Linear B tablets shows he was worshipped from c. 1500—1100 BC by Mycenean Greeks: other traces of Dionysian-type cult have been found in ancient Minoan Crete...
, god of wine. - BubonaBubonaIn ancient Roman religion, Bubona is thought to have been a goddess of cattle, but she is named only by Saint Augustine.Augustine mocks Bubona as one of the minor Roman deities whose names correspond to their functions, and derives her name from the Latin word bos , which usually means "ox" in the...
, goddess of cattle.
C
- Caca, an archaic fire goddess and "proto-VestaVesta (mythology)Vesta was the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion. Vesta's presence was symbolized by the sacred fire that burned at her hearth and temples...
"; the sister of Cacus. - CacusCacusIn Roman mythology, Cacus was a fire-breathing giant monster and the son of Vulcan.-Mythology:Cacus lived in a cave in the Palatine Hill in Italy, the future site of Rome. To the horror of nearby inhabitants, Cacus lived on human flesh and would nail the heads of victims to the doors of his cave...
, originally an ancient god of fire, later demoted to a giant. - CaelusCaelusCaelus or Coelus was a primal god of the sky in Roman myth and theology, iconography, and literature...
, god of the sky. - CamenaeCamenaeIn Roman mythology, the Camenae were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities.There were four Camenae:*Carmenta*Egeria*Antevorta, or Porrima...
, goddesses with various attributes including fresh water, prophecy, and childbirth. There were four of them: CarmentaCarmentaIn ancient Roman religion and myth, Carmenta was a goddess of childbirth and prophecy, associated with technological innovation as well as the protection of mothers and children, and a patron of midwives...
, EgeriaEgeria (mythology)Egeria was a nymph attributed a legendary role in the early history of Rome as a divine consort and counselor of the Sabine second king of Rome, Numa Pompilius, to whom she imparted laws and rituals pertaining to ancient Roman religion...
, AntevortaAntevorteIn ancient Roman religion, Antevorta was a goddess of the future, also known as Porrima. She and her sister Postverta were described as companions or siblings of the goddess Carmenta, sometimes referred to as "the Carmentae"...
, and PostvortaPostvertaIn Roman mythology, Postverta or Postvorta was the goddess of the past and one of the two Carmentes...
. - CandeliferaCandeliferaIn Roman mythology, Candelifera was a goddess of childbirth. She was usually associated with Lucina and CarmentaEarly Roman Mythology focused on the interlocking and complex interrelations between gods and humans. In this, the Romans maintained a large selection of divinities with unusually...
, goddess of childbirth, particularly of bringing the newborn into the light. - CardeaCardeaCardea or Carda was the ancient Roman goddess of the hinge , Roman doors being hung on pivot hinges. The Augustan poet Ovid conflates her with another archaic goddess named Carna, whose festival was celebrated on the Kalends of June and for whom he gives the alternative name Cranê or Cranea, a nymph...
, goddess of the hinge (cardoCardoThe cardo was a north-south oriented street in Roman cities, military camps, and coloniae. The cardo, an integral component of city planning, was lined with shops and vendors, and served as a hub of economic life. The main cardo was called cardo maximus.Most Roman cities also had a Decumanus...
), identified by OvidOvidPublius Ovidius Naso , known as Ovid in the English-speaking world, was a Roman poet who is best known as the author of the three major collections of erotic poetry: Heroides, Amores, and Ars Amatoria...
with Carna (below) - CarmentaCarmentaIn ancient Roman religion and myth, Carmenta was a goddess of childbirth and prophecy, associated with technological innovation as well as the protection of mothers and children, and a patron of midwives...
, goddess of childbirth and prophecy, and assigned a flamen minor. The leader of the CamenaeCamenaeIn Roman mythology, the Camenae were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities.There were four Camenae:*Carmenta*Egeria*Antevorta, or Porrima...
. - CarmentesCamenaeIn Roman mythology, the Camenae were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities.There were four Camenae:*Carmenta*Egeria*Antevorta, or Porrima...
, two goddesses of childbirth: AntevortaAntevorteIn ancient Roman religion, Antevorta was a goddess of the future, also known as Porrima. She and her sister Postverta were described as companions or siblings of the goddess Carmenta, sometimes referred to as "the Carmentae"...
and Postvorta or PorrimaPorrimaPorrima may refer to:* Antevorta, a goddess in Roman mythology* Gamma Virginis, a star in the Virgo constellation* Schinia, a genus of insects known as Flower Moths...
, future and past. - CarnaCardeaCardea or Carda was the ancient Roman goddess of the hinge , Roman doors being hung on pivot hinges. The Augustan poet Ovid conflates her with another archaic goddess named Carna, whose festival was celebrated on the Kalends of June and for whom he gives the alternative name Cranê or Cranea, a nymph...
, goddess who preserved the health of the heart and other internal organs. - Ceres, goddess of the harvest and mother of ProserpinaProserpinaProserpina or Proserpine is an ancient Roman goddess whose story is the basis of a myth of Springtime. Her Greek goddess' equivalent is Persephone. The probable origin of her name comes from the Latin, "proserpere" or "to emerge," in respect to the growing of grain...
, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. - CinxiaCinxiaIn Roman mythology, Cinxia was the goddess of marriage. She was concerned with the proper dress of the bride.The name also occurs as an epithet of Juno.- References :Michael Jordon, Encyclopedia of Gods, Kyle Cathie Limited, 2002...
, goddess of marriage; name occurs as an epithet of Juno. - ClementiaClementiaIn Roman mythology, Clementia was the goddess of forgiveness and mercy. She was deified as a celebrated virtue of Julius Caesar, who was famed for his forbearance, especially following Caesar's civil war with Pompey from 49 BC. In 44 BC, a temple was consecrated to her by the Roman Senate, possibly...
, goddess of forgiveness and mercy. - ClitunnoClitunnoIn Roman mythology, Clitumnus was a son of Oceanus and Tethys. He was the god of the Clitunno River.Reference to Clitumnus is best attested in Pliny the Younger "Letters" 8.8...
, god of the Clitunno RiverClitunno RiverThe Clitunno, in Antiquity the Clitumnus, is a river in Umbria, Italy. The name is of uncertain origin, but it was also borne by the river god...
. - CloacinaCloacinaIn Roman mythology, Cloacina was the goddess who presided over the Cloaca Maxima , the main trunk of the system of sewers in Rome. She was originally derived from Etruscan mythology...
, goddess who presided over the system of sewers in Rome; identified with Venus. - CollatinaCollatinaIn Roman mythology, Collatina was the goddess of hills . Her name is known from St. Augustine's work The City of God, and is not attested otherwise....
, goddess of hills. - ConcordiaConcordia (mythology)In Roman religion, Concord was the goddess of agreement, understanding, and marital harmony. Her Greek version is Harmonia, and the Harmonians and some Discordians equate her with Aneris. Her opposite is Discordia ....
, goddess of agreement, understanding, and marital harmony. - Conditor, god invoked at the sowing of crops, assistant to CeresCeres (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
. - ConsusConsusIn ancient Roman religion, the god Consus was the protector of grains and storage bins , and as such was represented by a grain seed....
, chthonic god protecting grain storage. - Convector, god invoked at the carting-in of crops from the field, assistant to CeresCeres (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
. - CubaCuba (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Cuba was a goddess of infants.Early Roman religion was concerned with the interlocking and complex interrelations between gods and humans. In this, the Romans maintained a large selection of divinities with unusually specific areas of authority. A sub-group of deities...
, goddess of infants who was invoked by mothers to help their babies sleep. - CuninaCuninaIn ancient Roman religion, Cunina was a minor goddess of infants. She was responsible for guarding the cradle.Early Roman religion was concerned with the interlocking and complex interrelations between gods and humans. In this, the Romans maintained a large selection of divinities with unusually...
, the protectress of infants in cradles. - CupidCupidIn Roman mythology, Cupid is the god of desire, affection and erotic love. He is the son of the goddess Venus and the god Mars. His Greek counterpart is Eros...
, Roman god of love. The son of Venus, and equivalent to Greek ErosErosEros , in Greek mythology, was the Greek god of love. His Roman counterpart was Cupid . Some myths make him a primordial god, while in other myths, he is the son of Aphrodite....
. - CuraCuraCura is the name of a divine figure whose name means "Care" or "Concern" in Latin. Hyginus seems to have created both the personification and story for his Fabulae, poem 220....
, goddess of care and concern who created humans from clay. - CybeleCybeleCybele , was a Phrygian form of the Earth Mother or Great Mother. As with Greek Gaia , her Minoan equivalent Rhea and some aspects of Demeter, Cybele embodies the fertile Earth...
, a goddess of caverns and mountains, walls and fortresses, nature, wild animals.
D
- Dea DiaDea DiaIn Roman mythology, Dea Dia is the goddess of growth. She was sometimes identified with Ceres, and sometimes with the equivalent Greek goddess Demeter....
, goddess of growth. - Dea TacitaDea TacitaIn Roman mythology, Dea Tacita was a goddess of the dead. In later times, she was equated with the earth goddess Larunda. In this guise, Dea Tacita was worshipped at a festival called Larentalia on December 23. Goddesses Mutae Tacitae were invoked to destroy a hated person: in this inscription In...
("The Silent Goddess"), goddess of the dead; later equated with the earth goddess Larenta. - DecimaDecima (mythology)In Roman mythology, Decima was one of the Parcae, or the Fates. She measured the thread of life with her rod. She was also revered as the goddess of childbirth. Her Greek equivalent was Lachesis....
, minor goddess and one of the ParcaeParcaethumb|#00px|Early 16th-century [[millefleur tapestry]] depicting the Three Fates under their Greek namesIn Roman mythology, the Parcae were the personifications of destiny, often called The Fates in English. Their Greek equivalent were the Moirae. They controlled the metaphorical thread of life of...
(Roman equivalent of the MoiraeMoiraeThe Moirae, Moerae or Moirai , in Greek mythology, were the white-robed incarnations of destiny . Their number became fixed at three...
). The measurer of the thread of life, her Greek equivalent was LachesisLachesis (mythology)In Greek mythology, Lachesis was the second of the Three Fates, or Moirae, also known as the Triple Moon Goddesses or the Lunar Dieties. Each phase of the moon representing each of the fates - Clotho, Lachesis and Atropos...
. - Dei LucriiDei LucriiIn early Roman mythology, the Dei Lucrii were early gods of wealth, profit, commerce and trade. They were later subsumed by Mercury....
, early gods of wealth, profit, commerce and trade. - Devera or DeverraDeverraIn Roman mythology, Deverra was one of the three gods that protected midwives and women in labor, the other two being Pilumnus and Intercidona...
, goddess who ruled over the brooms used to purify temples in preparation for various worship services, sacrifices and celebrations; she protected midwives and women in labor. - DianaDiana (mythology)In Roman mythology, Diana was the goddess of the hunt and moon and birthing, being associated with wild animals and woodland, and having the power to talk to and control animals. She was equated with the Greek goddess Artemis, though she had an independent origin in Italy...
, goddess of the hunt, the moon, virginity, and childbirth, twin sister of Apollo and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. - Diana NemorensisDiana NemorensisDiana Nemorensis, "Diana of Nemi" also known as “Diana of the Wood”, was an Italic form of the goddess who became Hellenised during the fourth century BCE and conflated with Artemis. Her sanctuary was to be found on the northern shore of Lake Nemi beneath the cliffs of the modern city Nemi...
, Local version of Diana. - Dius Fidius, god of oaths, associated with JupiterJupiter (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and myth, Jupiter or Jove is the king of the gods, and the god of the sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon....
. - DisciplinaDisciplinaIn Roman mythology, Disciplina was a minor deity and the personification of discipline. The word disciplina itself, a Latin noun, is multi-faceted in meaning; it refers to education and training, self-control and determination, knowledge in a field of study, and an orderly way of life. The goddess...
, personification of discipline. - DiscordiaEris (mythology)Eris is the Greek goddess of strife and discord, her name being translated into Latin as Discordia. Her Greek opposite is Harmonia, whose Latin counterpart is Concordia. Homer equated her with the war-goddess Enyo, whose Roman counterpart is Bellona...
, goddess of discord. Greek equivalent is ErisEris (mythology)Eris is the Greek goddess of strife and discord, her name being translated into Latin as Discordia. Her Greek opposite is Harmonia, whose Latin counterpart is Concordia. Homer equated her with the war-goddess Enyo, whose Roman counterpart is Bellona...
. - Dis PaterDis PaterDis Pater, or Dispater was a Roman god of the underworld, later subsumed by Pluto or Hades. Originally a chthonic god of riches, fertile agricultural land, and underground mineral wealth, he was later commonly equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus, becoming an underworld deity.Dis Pater...
or Dispater, god of wealth and the underworld. - DomiducaDomiducaIn Roman mythology, the goddess Domiduca protects children on the way back to their parents' home.Also, Domiduca and Domiducus were two gods of marriage who were believed to protect the bride on her way to the house of the bridegroom. The names occur as epithets of Jupiter and Juno...
, goddess of protecting children on the way back to their parents' home. - Domiducus, god who brought brides to their husbands' houses.
- Domitius or Domidius, from domusDomusIn ancient Rome, the domus was the type of house occupied by the upper classes and some wealthy freedmen during the Republican and Imperial eras. They could be found in almost all the major cities throughout the Roman territories...
, "house," and eo, ire, itum, "to go." A marriage-god. Once the bride has been led home, "the god Domitius is employed to install her in her house."
E
- Edusa, from the verb edo, edere, esus, "eat," also as Edulia, Edula, Edusa, Edesia etc., a goddess who enabled the taking of nourishment. The variations of her name may indicate that while her functional focus was narrow, her name had not stabilized; she was mainly a divine force to be invoked ad hoc for a specific purpose.
- EgeriaEgeria (mythology)Egeria was a nymph attributed a legendary role in the early history of Rome as a divine consort and counselor of the Sabine second king of Rome, Numa Pompilius, to whom she imparted laws and rituals pertaining to ancient Roman religion...
, water nymph or goddess, later considered one the CamenaeCamenaeIn Roman mythology, the Camenae were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities.There were four Camenae:*Carmenta*Egeria*Antevorta, or Porrima...
. - EmpandaEmpandaIn ancient Roman religion, Empanda or Panda was a goddess, or possibly an epithet of Juno.Festus, identifies her only as a dea paganorum, "goddess of the pagans." Varro connects the word with pandere, "to open," but also explains it by panem dare, "to give bread," so that Empanda would be the...
or Panda, a goddess whose temple never closed to those in need. - EponaEponaIn Gallo-Roman religion, Epona was a protector of horses, donkeys, and mules. She was particularly a goddess of fertility, as shown by her attributes of a patera, cornucopia, ears of grain and the presence of foals in some sculptures suggested that the goddess and her horses were leaders of the...
, Gallo-Roman goddess of horses and horsemanship, usually assumed to be of Celtic origin.
F
- FabulinusFabulinusIn the popular religion of ancient Rome, though not appearing in literary Roman mythology, the god Fabulinus taught children to speak. He received an offering when the child spoke its first words...
, god of children, the god responsible for teaching children to speak. - FalacerFalacerFalacer, or more fully dīvus pater falacer, was an ancient Italian god, according to Varro. Hartung is inclined to consider him an epithet of Jupiter, since falandum, according to Festus, was the Etruscan name for "heaven."...
, obscure god. He was assigned a flamen minorFlamenIn ancient Roman religion, a flamen was a priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic. The most important three were the flamines maiores , who served the three chief Roman gods of the Archaic Triad. The remaining twelve were the flamines minores...
. - FamaPhemeIn Greek mythology, Pheme was the personification of fame and renown, her favour being notability, her wrath being scandalous rumors. She was a daughter either of Gaia or of Hope, was described as "she who initiates and furthers communication" and had an altar at Athens...
, goddess of fame and rumor. - FascinusFascinusIn ancient Roman religion and magic, the fascinus or fascinum was the embodiment of the divine phallus. The word can refer to the deity himself , to phallus effigies and amulets, and to the spells used to invoke his divine protection...
, phallic god who protected from invidiaInvidiaIn Latin, invidia is the sense of envy or jealousy, a "looking upon" associated with the evil eye, from invidere, "to look against, to look at in a hostile manner." Invidia is one of the Seven Deadly Sins in Christian belief....
(envy) and the evil eyeEvil eyeThe evil eye is a look that is believed by many cultures to be able to cause injury or bad luck for the person at whom it is directed for reasons of envy or dislike...
. - FaunaFauna (goddess)In ancient Roman religion, Fauna is a goddess said in differing ancient sources to be the wife, sister, or daughter of Faunus. Varro regarded her as the female counterpart of Faunus, and said that the fauni all had prophetic powers...
, goddess of vegetation. Also a title of other vegetative goddesses such as Bona Dea, Ops, and Terra. - FaunusFaunusIn ancient Roman religion and myth, Faunus was the horned god of the forest, plains and fields; when he made cattle fertile he was called Inuus. He came to be equated in literature with the Greek god Pan....
, god of flocks. - FaustitasFaustitasIn Roman mythology, the goddess Faustitas had the responsibility of protecting the herd and livestock. According to Horace, she walked about farmlands together with Ceres, ensuring their fruitfulness....
, goddess who protected herd and livestock. - FebrisFebrisIn Roman mythology, Febris was the goddess who embodied, but also protected people from fever and malaria. Febris had three temples in ancient Rome, of which one was located between the Palatine and Velabrum. She may have originated from the Etruscan god Februus...
, goddess who protected people against fevers and malaria. - Fecunditas, goddess of fertility.
- FelicitasFelicitasIn Roman mythology, Felicitas was the goddess or personification of good luck and success. She played an important role in Rome's state religion during the empire, and was frequently portrayed on coins...
, goddess of good luck and success. - FerentinaFerentinaFerentina was the patron goddess of the city Ferentinum, Latium. She was protector of the Latin commonwealth. She was also closely associated with the Roman Empire....
, patron goddess of the city Ferentinum, Latium, protector of the Latin commonwealth. - FeroniaFeronia (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Feronia was a goddess broadly associated with fertility and abundance. She was especially honored among plebeians and freedmen...
, rural goddess of woods and fountains. - Fessona or Fessonia, goddess who relieved weariness.
- Fides, goddess of loyalty.
- FloraFlora (mythology)In Roman mythology, Flora was a goddess of flowers and the season of spring. While she was otherwise a relatively minor figure in Roman mythology, being one among several fertility goddesses, her association with the spring gave her particular importance at the coming of springtime...
, goddess of flowers, was assigned a flamen minorFlamenIn ancient Roman religion, a flamen was a priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic. The most important three were the flamines maiores , who served the three chief Roman gods of the Archaic Triad. The remaining twelve were the flamines minores...
. - FornaxFornax (mythology)In Roman mythology, Fornax was the goddess of hearth and baking. Her festival, the Fornacalia, was celebrated on February 17, and announced by curio maximus.-External links:**...
, goddess of hearths and ovens. - FontusFontusIn ancient Roman religion, Fontus or Fons was a god of wells and springs. A religious festival called the Fontinalia was held on October 13 in his honor. Throughout the city, fountains and wellheads were adorned with garlands.Fons was the son of Juturna and Janus...
, god of wells and springs. - Forculus, a god who protected the integrity of doors (Latin fores), together with CardeaCardeaCardea or Carda was the ancient Roman goddess of the hinge , Roman doors being hung on pivot hinges. The Augustan poet Ovid conflates her with another archaic goddess named Carna, whose festival was celebrated on the Kalends of June and for whom he gives the alternative name Cranê or Cranea, a nymph...
and LimentinusLimentinusLimentinus is the Roman God whose responsibility was to protect the threshold of the house. His associates are Cardea and Forculus.The whole door is protected by Janus. Limentinus is mentioned by St. Augustine as a protector of the threshold and may have been responsible for preventing Silvanus...
. - FortunaFortuna (mythology)Fortuna was the goddess of fortune and personification of luck in Roman religion. She might bring good luck or bad: she could be represented as veiled and blind, as in modern depictions of Justice, and came to represent life's capriciousness...
, goddess of fortune. - FrausFrausIn Roman mythology, Fraus was the goddess of treachery. A helper of Mercury, the word "fraud" has its origin in her name. Her Greek equivalent was Apate.In Celtic Mythology, Fraus was a very offensive curse word used to describe whores and prostitutes....
, goddess of treachery. Her Greek equivalent was ApateApateApate was the daughter of Nyx in Greek mythology. She was the personification of deceit, and was one of the evil spirits released from Pandora's box. Her Roman equivalent was Fraus, which is where the word 'fraud' originated...
. - Fulgora, personification of lightning.
- FurrinaFurrinaFurrina , was a Roman goddess. Her function in the Roman pantheon was mostly unknown at the time of Cicero.However, modern archaeological research has revealed some tenuous evidence that seems to indicate that Furrina was associated with water.Her antiquity is proven by the fact that she was one...
, goddess whose functions are mostly unknown; may be associated with water. One source claims she was a goddess of robbers and thieves. She was assigned a flamen minor. Name could also be FurinaFurinaFurina is a genus of venomous, elapid snakes found in Australia. It contains five species of which there are no subspecies.-Species:...
.
G
- GlyconGlyconGlycon was a snake god, according to the satirist Lucian, who provides the only literary reference to the deity. Lucian claimed Glycon was created in the mid-2nd century by the Greek prophet Alexander of Abonutichus...
, snake god whose cult originated in Macedonia. - GratiaeCharitesIn Greek mythology, a Charis is one of several Charites , goddesses of charm, beauty, nature, human creativity and fertility. They ordinarily numbered three, from youngest to oldest: Aglaea , Euphrosyne , and Thalia . In Roman mythology they were known as the Gratiae, the "Graces"...
, Roman term for the Charites or Graces.
H
- HerculesHerculesHercules is the Roman name for Greek demigod Heracles, son of Zeus , and the mortal Alcmene...
, god of strength, whose worship was derived from the Greek hero HeraclesHeraclesHeracles ,born Alcaeus or Alcides , was a divine hero in Greek mythology, the son of Zeus and Alcmene, foster son of Amphitryon and great-grandson of Perseus...
. - HermaphroditusHermaphroditusIn Greek mythology, Hermaphroditus or Hermaphroditos was the child of Aphrodite and Hermes. He was a minor deity of bisexuality and effeminacy. According to Ovid, born a remarkably handsome boy, he was transformed into an androgynous being by union with the water nymph Salmacis...
, an androgynous Greek god whose mythology was imported into Latin literature. - HermusHermusIn Greek mythology, Hermus is a name attributed to multiple characters.-River god:Hermus is the god of the river Hermus located in the Aegean region of Lydia . Like most of the river-gods, he is the son of Oceanus and Tethys...
, a river god with a sanctuary at SardisSardisSardis or Sardes was an ancient city at the location of modern Sart in Turkey's Manisa Province...
. - Hespera, goddess of dusk.
- Hilaritas, goddess of rejoicing and good humor.
- HonosHonosIn Roman mythology, Honos was the god of chivalry, honor and military justice. He was depicted in art with a lance and a cornucopia. He was sometimes identified with the deity Virtus....
, god of military honours, chivalryChivalryChivalry is a term related to the medieval institution of knighthood which has an aristocratic military origin of individual training and service to others. Chivalry was also the term used to refer to a group of mounted men-at-arms as well as to martial valour...
and as one source claims, military justice. - Hora, the wife of QuirinusQuirinusIn Roman mythology, Quirinus was an early god of the Roman state. In Augustan Rome, Quirinus was also an epithet of Janus, as Janus Quirinus. His name is derived from Quiris meaning "spear."-History:...
. - HostilinaHostilinaIn Roman mythology, Hostilina was a minor agricultural goddess, who was responsible for making ears of the corn even. Her name is known from St. Augustine's work The City of God, and is not attested otherwise. Augustine also mentions an "old" Latin verb hostire "to make even", which, in his...
, goddess who presided over the ears of crops becoming even.
I
- Imporcitor, god invoked at the harrowingHarrow (tool)In agriculture, a harrow is an implement for breaking up and smoothing out the surface of the soil. In this way it is distinct in its effect from the plough, which is used for deeper tillage. Harrowing is often carried out on fields to follow the rough finish left by ploughing operations...
of fields, assistant to Ceres. - IndigesIndigesAccording to the Roman historian Livy, Jupiter Indiges is the name given to the deified hero Aeneas. In some versions of his story, he is raised up to become a god after his death by Numicius, a local deity of the river of the same name, at the request of Aeneas' mother Venus...
, the deified AeneasAeneasAeneas , in Greco-Roman mythology, was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite. His father was the second cousin of King Priam of Troy, making Aeneas Priam's second cousin, once removed. The journey of Aeneas from Troy , which led to the founding a hamlet south of...
. - Insitor, god invoked at the sowing of crops, assistant to CeresCeres (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
. - IntercidonaIntercidonaIntercidona was a minor Roman numen or goddess, one of three invoked to protect women giving birth. She was symbolized by an axe. Her name likely derives from inter- "between" + caedere "to cut, slay".-External links:...
, minor goddess of childbirth; invoked to keep evil spirits away from the child; symbolised by a cleaver. - InuusInuusIn ancient Roman religion, Inuus was a god, or aspect of a god, who embodied copulation. The evidence for him as a distinct entity is scant. Servius says that Inuus is an epithet of Faunus , named from his habit of intercourse with animals, based on the etymology of ineundum, "a going in,...
, god of fertility and sexual intercourse, protector of livestock. - InvidiaInvidiaIn Latin, invidia is the sense of envy or jealousy, a "looking upon" associated with the evil eye, from invidere, "to look against, to look at in a hostile manner." Invidia is one of the Seven Deadly Sins in Christian belief....
, goddess of envy or jealousy. - Isis, the Egyptian goddess in her Hellenistic form.
- IrisIris (mythology)In Greek mythology, Iris is the personification of the rainbow and messenger of the gods. As the sun unites Earth and heaven, Iris links the gods to humanity...
, goddess of the rainbow.
J
- JanusJanus (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and mythology, Janus is the god of beginnings and transitions, thence also of gates, doors, doorways, endings and time. He is usually a two-faced god since he looks to the future and the past...
, double-faced or two-headed god of beginnings and endings and of doors. - JugatinusJugatinusIn Roman mythology, Jugatinus was the god of mountain ranges. His name is known from St. Augustine's work The City of God, and is not attested otherwise....
, god of mountain ranges. - JunoJuno (mythology)Juno is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Juno also looked after the women of Rome. Her Greek equivalent is Hera...
, Queen of the Gods and goddess of matrimony, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. - JupiterJupiter (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and myth, Jupiter or Jove is the king of the gods, and the god of the sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon....
, King of the Gods and the storm, air, and sky god, father of Venus, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
; was assigned a flamen maior. - JustitiaLady JusticeLady Justice |Dike]]) is an allegorical personification of the moral force in judicial systems.-Depiction:The personification of justice balancing the scales of truth and fairness dates back to the Goddess Maat, and later Isis, of ancient Egypt. The Hellenic deities Themis and Dike were later...
, goddess of justice. - JuturnaJuturnaIn the myth and religion of ancient Rome, Juturna was a goddess of fountains, wells and springs. She was a sister of Turnus and supported him against Aeneas by giving him his sword after he dropped it in battle, as well as taking him away from the battle when it seemed he would get killed...
, goddess of fountains, wells, and springs. - Juventas, goddess of youth.
L
- Lactanus or LactansLactansIn Roman mythology, Lactans was a god who made crops prosper, and specifically promoted the growth of young corn....
, god that made the crops prosper or "yield milk". - LarentinaLarentinaLarentina was a Roman goddess of death. She had her tongue torn out by Jupiter after she revealed one of his indiscretions, and was then called Muta, "the mute one" . She is also associated with Acca Larentia, Mania, and Lara or Larunda, Mother of the Lares....
, an underworld goddess. - LaresLaresLares , archaically Lases, were guardian deities in ancient Roman religion. Their origin is uncertain; they may have been guardians of the hearth, fields, boundaries or fruitfulness, hero-ancestors, or an amalgam of these....
, household gods. - LavernaLavernaIn Roman mythology, Laverna was a goddess of thieves, cheats and the underworld. She was propitiated by libations poured with the left hand. The poet Horace and the playwright Plautus call her a goddess of thieves. In Rome, her sanctuary was near the Porta Lavernalis.-References:Michael Jordon,...
, patroness of thieves, con men and charlatans. - LevanaLevanaIn ancient Roman religion, Levana was the goddess of newborn babies. Her name comes from the practice of the father lifting the child off the ground where it was placed by the child's mother to show that he officially accepts the child as his own.Thomas de Quincey's prose poem Levana and Our...
, goddess of the rite through which fathers accepted newborn babies as their own. - LetumThanatosIn Greek mythology, Thanatos was the daemon personification of death. He was a minor figure in Greek mythology, often referred to but rarely appearing in person...
, personification of death. - LiberLiberIn ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber , also known as Liber Pater was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad. His festival of Liberalia became associated with free speech and the rights...
, a god of male fertility, viniculture and freedom, assimilated to Roman BacchusBacchusBacchus is the Roman name for Dionysus, the god of wine and intoxication.Bacchus can also refer to:* Temple of Bacchus, a Roman temple at a large classical antiquity complex in Baalbek, Lebanon...
and Greek DionysusDionysusDionysus was the god of the grape harvest, winemaking and wine, of ritual madness and ecstasy in Greek mythology. His name in Linear B tablets shows he was worshipped from c. 1500—1100 BC by Mycenean Greeks: other traces of Dionysian-type cult have been found in ancient Minoan Crete...
. - LiberaLibera (mythology)Libera is a fertility goddess in ancient Roman religion. Her origins are unknown; she may have been a fertility goddess of archaic or pre-Roman Magna Graecia. Her Latin name is the feminine form of Liber,...
, LiberLiberIn ancient Roman religion and mythology, Liber , also known as Liber Pater was a god of viticulture and wine, fertility and freedom. He was a patron deity of Rome's plebeians and was part of their Aventine Triad. His festival of Liberalia became associated with free speech and the rights...
's female equivalent, assimilated to Roman ProserpinaProserpinaProserpina or Proserpine is an ancient Roman goddess whose story is the basis of a myth of Springtime. Her Greek goddess' equivalent is Persephone. The probable origin of her name comes from the Latin, "proserpere" or "to emerge," in respect to the growing of grain...
and Greek PersephonePersephoneIn Greek mythology, Persephone , also called Kore , is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest-goddess Demeter, and queen of the underworld; she was abducted by Hades, the god-king of the underworld....
. - LiberalitasLiberalitasIn Roman mythology, Liberalitas was the personification of generosity....
, goddess or personification of generosity. - LibertasLibertasLibertas was the Roman goddess and embodiment of liberty.- Temples and derived inspirations :In 238 BC, before the Second Punic War, having long been a Roman deity along with other personified virtues, Libertas assumed goddess status...
, goddess or personification of freedom. - LibitinaLibitinaIn Roman mythology, Libitina was the goddess of death, corpses and funerals. Her name was also a synonym for death [see Horace Odes 3.30].Her face was seldom portrayed; hardly any sacrifices were offered to her, as they were to Orcus, her male equivalent. Today, her very name has sunk into such...
, goddess of death, corpses and funerals. - LimaLima (mythology)In Roman mythology, Lima was the goddess of thresholds . It is possible that she was a female counterpart of Limentinus.-External links:*...
, goddess of thresholds. - LimentinusLimentinusLimentinus is the Roman God whose responsibility was to protect the threshold of the house. His associates are Cardea and Forculus.The whole door is protected by Janus. Limentinus is mentioned by St. Augustine as a protector of the threshold and may have been responsible for preventing Silvanus...
, god of lintels. - LuaLua (goddess)In Roman mythology, Lua was a goddess to whom soldiers sacrificed captured weapons. She is sometimes referred to as "Lua Saturni," which makes her a consort of Saturn. It may be that Lua was merely an alternative name for Ops....
, goddess to whom soldiers sacrificed captured weapons, probably a consort of Saturn. - Lucina, goddess of childbirth. The name occurs as a surname of Juno.
- Luna, goddess of the moon.
- LupercusLupercusLupercus of Berytus was a Greek grammarian. He wrote On the Word, The Foundation of Arsinoe in Egypt, and more.- References :http://www.stoa.org/sol-bin/search.pl?search_method=QUERY&login=guest&enlogin=guest&page_num=1&user_list=LIST&searchstr=Arsinoe&field=any&num_per_page=25&db=REAL...
, god of shepherdShepherdA shepherd is a person who tends, feeds or guards flocks of sheep.- Origins :Shepherding is one of the oldest occupations, beginning some 6,000 years ago in Asia Minor. Sheep were kept for their milk, meat and especially their wool...
s; as the god of the LupercaliaLupercaliaLupercalia was a very ancient, possibly pre-Roman pastoral festival, observed on February 13 through 15 to avert evil spirits and purify the city, releasing health and fertility...
, his identity is obscure, but he is sometimes identified with the Greek god PanPan (mythology)Pan , in Greek religion and mythology, is the god of the wild, shepherds and flocks, nature, of mountain wilds, hunting and rustic music, as well as the companion of the nymphs. His name originates within the Greek language, from the word paein , meaning "to pasture." He has the hindquarters, legs,...
. - LymphaLymphaThe Lympha is an ancient Roman deity of fresh water. She is one of twelve agricultural deities listed by Varro as "leaders" of Roman farmers, because "without water all agriculture is dry and poor." The Lymphae are often connected to Fons, "Source" or "Font," a god of fountains and wellheads...
, often plural lymphae, a water deity assimilated to the Greek nymphNymphA nymph in Greek mythology is a female minor nature deity typically associated with a particular location or landform. Different from gods, nymphs are generally regarded as divine spirits who animate nature, and are usually depicted as beautiful, young nubile maidens who love to dance and sing;...
s.
M
- Mana GenitaMana GenitaIn ancient Roman religion, Mana Genita or Geneta Mana was the goddess who could determine whether infants were born alive or dead. Her rites were carried out by the sacrifice of a puppy or bitch. Her name would seem to connect her to the Manes, or spirits of the dead, but is also comparable to the...
, goddess who presided over burials, mother or leader of the ManesManesIn ancient Roman religion, the Manes or Di Manes are chthonic deities sometimes thought to represent the souls of deceased loved ones. They were associated with the Lares, Genii, and Di Penates as deities that pertained to domestic, local, and personal cult...
. - ManesManesIn ancient Roman religion, the Manes or Di Manes are chthonic deities sometimes thought to represent the souls of deceased loved ones. They were associated with the Lares, Genii, and Di Penates as deities that pertained to domestic, local, and personal cult...
, the souls of the dead; came to be seen as household deities. - ManiaMania (mythology)In Roman and Etruscan mythology, Mania was the goddess of the dead. She, along with Mantus, ruled the underworld. She was said to be the mother of ghosts, the undead, and other spirits of the night, as well as the Lares and the Manes...
, goddess of the dead and ruler of the underworld, wife of MantusMantusIn Etruscan myth and religion, Mantus was a god of the underworld in the Po Valley, as described by Servius. A dedication to the god manθ from the Archaic period was found in a sanctuary at Pontecagnano...
. Not to be confused with the Greek figure of the same name. - MantusMantusIn Etruscan myth and religion, Mantus was a god of the underworld in the Po Valley, as described by Servius. A dedication to the god manθ from the Archaic period was found in a sanctuary at Pontecagnano...
, god of the dead and ruler of the underworld, husband of ManiaMania (mythology)In Roman and Etruscan mythology, Mania was the goddess of the dead. She, along with Mantus, ruled the underworld. She was said to be the mother of ghosts, the undead, and other spirits of the night, as well as the Lares and the Manes...
. - MarsMars (mythology)Mars was the Roman god of war and also an agricultural guardian, a combination characteristic of early Rome. He was second in importance only to Jupiter, and he was the most prominent of the military gods worshipped by the Roman legions...
, god of war and father of Romulus, the founder of Rome, lover of Venus, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
, was assigned a flamen maiorFlamenIn ancient Roman religion, a flamen was a priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic. The most important three were the flamines maiores , who served the three chief Roman gods of the Archaic Triad. The remaining twelve were the flamines minores...
. - Mater MatutaMater MatutaMater Matuta was an indigenous Roman goddess, whom the Romans eventually made equivalent to the dawn goddess Aurora, and the Greek goddess Eos. Mater Matuta had a temple on the Forum Boarium, and she was also associated with the sea harbors and ports, where there were other temples to her.Her...
, goddess of dawn and childbirth; also seen as patroness of mariners. - Meditrina, goddess of healing, introduced to account for the festival of MeditrinaliaMeditrinaliaIn Roman religion, Meditrinalia was an obscure festival celebrated on October 11 in honor of the new vintage, which was offered in libations to the gods for the first time each year...
. - MefitisMefitisIn Roman mythology, Mefitis was the personification of the poisonous gases emitted from the ground in swamps and volcanic vapors....
or Mephitis, goddess and personification of poisonous gases and volcanic vapours. - MellonaMellonaIn Roman mythology, the goddess Mellona or Mellonia was the patroness of bees and beekeeping. Her name comes from Latin mel meaning honey....
or Mellonia, goddess of bees and beekeeping. - MercuryMercury (mythology)Mercury was a messenger who wore winged sandals, and a god of trade, the son of Maia Maiestas and Jupiter in Roman mythology. His name is related to the Latin word merx , mercari , and merces...
, messenger of the gods and bearer of souls to the underworld, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. - MessiaTutelina (goddess)In Roman mythology, Tutelina was an agricultural goddess who was responsible for protecting fruits brought in during harvest time. Tutelina and two other harvesting goddesses, Messia and Secia, had three pillars with altars before them in the Circus Maximus.-External links:*...
, a harvest goddess. - Messor, god invoked at the harvesting of crops, assistant to Ceres.
- Minerva, goddess of wisdom, war, the arts, industries and trades, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. - Mithras, god worshipped in the Roman empire; popular with soldiers.
- MolaeMolaeIn Roman mythology, the Molae were two daughters of the god Mars. Since the Latin mola translates to "grindstone", they may have been connected to pounding or grinding of the grain.-External links:*...
, daughters of Mars, probably goddesses of grinding of the grain. - MonetaMonetaIn Roman mythology, Moneta was a title given to two separate goddesses: the goddess of memory and an epithet of Juno, called Juno Moneta...
, minor goddess of memory, equivalent to the Greek MnemosyneMnemosyneMnemosyne , source of the word mnemonic, was the personification of memory in Greek mythology. This titaness was the daughter of Gaia and Uranus and the mother of the nine Muses by Zeus:* Calliope * Clio * Erato...
. Also used as an epithet of JunoJuno (mythology)Juno is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Juno also looked after the women of Rome. Her Greek equivalent is Hera...
. - MorsMors (mythology)In ancient Roman myth and literature, Mors is the personification of death equivalent to the Greek Thánatos. As the Latin noun for "death", mors, genitive mortis, is of feminine gender, but ancient Roman art is not known to depict Death as a woman. Latin poets, however, are bound by the...
, personification of death and equivalent of the Greek ThanatosThanatosIn Greek mythology, Thanatos was the daemon personification of death. He was a minor figure in Greek mythology, often referred to but rarely appearing in person...
. - Morta, minor goddess of death and one of the ParcaeParcaethumb|#00px|Early 16th-century [[millefleur tapestry]] depicting the Three Fates under their Greek namesIn Roman mythology, the Parcae were the personifications of destiny, often called The Fates in English. Their Greek equivalent were the Moirae. They controlled the metaphorical thread of life of...
(Roman equivalent of the MoiraeMoiraeThe Moirae, Moerae or Moirai , in Greek mythology, were the white-robed incarnations of destiny . Their number became fixed at three...
). The cutter of the thread of life, her Greek equivalent was AtroposAtroposAtropos or Aisa , in Greek mythology, was one of the three Moirae, goddesses of fate and destiny. Her Roman equivalent was Morta.Atropos or Aisa was the oldest of the Three Fates, and was known as the "inflexible" or "inevitable." It was Atropos who chose the mechanism of death and ended the life...
. - MurciaMurcia (mythology)Murcia was a little known goddess in ancient Rome. Her name occurs as a surname of Venus.According to Livy she had a temple at the foot of the Aventine Hill near to the Palatine Hill...
or Murtia, a little-known goddess who was associated with the myrtle, and in other sources was called a goddess of sloth and laziness (both interpretations arising from false etymologies of her name). Later equated with VenusVenus (mythology)Venus is a Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty, sex,sexual seduction and fertility, who played a key role in many Roman religious festivals and myths...
in the form of Venus Murcia. - Muta, goddess of silence.
- Mutunus TutunusMutunus TutunusIn ancient Roman religion, Mutunus Tutunus or Mutinus Titinus was a phallic marriage deity, in some respects equated with Priapus. His shrine was located on the Velian Hill, supposedly since the founding of Rome, until the 1st century BC....
, god of fertility.
N
- Naenia, goddess of funerary lament.
- NascioNascioIn Roman mythology, Nascio was one of many goddesses of birth, and a protector of infants. She assisted Lucina in her functions, and was analogous to the Greek Eileithyia. She had a sanctuary in the neighborhood of Ardea....
, personification of the act of birth. - Necessitas, goddess of destiny, the Roman equivalent of AnankeAnanke (mythology)In Greek mythology, Ananke, also spelled Anangke, Anance, or Anagke , was the personification of destiny, necessity and fate, depicted as holding a spindle. She marks the beginning of the cosmos, along with Chronos...
. - NemesisNemesis (mythology)In Greek mythology, Nemesis , also called Rhamnousia/Rhamnusia at her sanctuary at Rhamnous, north of Marathon, was the spirit of divine retribution against those who succumb to hubris . The Greeks personified vengeful fate as a remorseless goddess: the goddess of revenge...
, goddess of revenge (GreekGreek mythologyGreek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece...
). - NemestrinusNemestrinusIn Roman mythology, Nemestrinus was a god of the forests and woods. His name comes from Latin nemus, meaning "wood"....
, god of woods and forests. - NeptuneNeptune (mythology)Neptune was the god of water and the sea in Roman mythology and religion. He is analogous with, but not identical to, the Greek god Poseidon. In the Greek-influenced tradition, Neptune was the brother of Jupiter and Pluto, each of them presiding over one of the three realms of the universe,...
, god of the sea, earthquakes, and horses, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. Greek Equivalent is PoseidonPoseidonPoseidon was the god of the sea, and, as "Earth-Shaker," of the earthquakes in Greek mythology. The name of the sea-god Nethuns in Etruscan was adopted in Latin for Neptune in Roman mythology: both were sea gods analogous to Poseidon...
. - NerioNerioIn ancient Roman religion and myth, Nerio was an ancient war goddess and the personification of valor. She was the partner of Mars in ancient cult practices, and was sometimes identified with the goddess Bellona, and occasionally with the goddess Minerva. Spoils taken from enemies were sometimes...
, ancient war goddess and the personification of valor. The consort of Mars. - Neverita, wife of Neptune; their quarrels caused sea storms.
- Nixi, also di nixi, dii nixi, or Nixae, goddesses of childbirth, called upon to protect women in labour.
- NodutusNodutusIn Roman mythology, Nodutus was the god who made knots in stalks of wheat. His name derives from the Latin nodus, "a knot", in turn derived from *nōdo- PIE *ned-, "to bind, tie"....
, god who made knots in stalks of wheat. - Nona, minor goddess, one of the ParcaeParcaethumb|#00px|Early 16th-century [[millefleur tapestry]] depicting the Three Fates under their Greek namesIn Roman mythology, the Parcae were the personifications of destiny, often called The Fates in English. Their Greek equivalent were the Moirae. They controlled the metaphorical thread of life of...
(Roman equivalent of the MoiraeMoiraeThe Moirae, Moerae or Moirai , in Greek mythology, were the white-robed incarnations of destiny . Their number became fixed at three...
). The spinner of the thread of life, her Greek equivalent was ClothoClothoClotho is one of the Three Fates or Moirae, in ancient Greek mythology. Her Roman equivalent is Nona. Clotho was responsible for spinning the thread of human life. She also made major decisions, such as when a person was born, thus in effect controlling people's lives...
. - Nox, goddess of night, derived from the Greek Nyx.
O
- Obarator, god invoked at the ploughing of fields, assistant to CeresCeres (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
. - Occator, god invoked at the harrowing of fields, assistant to Ceres.
- Orchadis, minor god responsible for the olive groves, an attendant of Ceres.
- OpsOpsIn ancient Roman religion, Ops or Opis, was a fertility deity and earth-goddess of Sabine origin.-Mythology:Her husband was Saturn, the bountiful monarch of the Golden Age. Just as Saturn was identified with the Greek deity Cronus, Opis was identified with Rhea, Cronus' wife...
or Opis, goddess of fertility. - OrbonaOrbonaIn Roman mythology, Orbona was the goddess who granted new children to parents who had become childless. She was also the goddess of children, especially orphans....
, goddess of children, especially orphans. She granted new children to those who had become childless. - OrcusOrcus (mythology)Orcus was a god of the underworld, punisher of broken oaths in Italic and Roman mythology. As with Hades, the name of the god was also used for the underworld itself. In the later tradition, he was conflated with Dis Pater, who was the Roman equivalent of Pluto.Orcus was portrayed in paintings in...
, a god of the underworld and punisher of broken oaths.
P
- PalatuaPalatuaPalatua was a Roman Goddess who was provided an official priest or flamen, the Flamen Palatualis, and was charged with guarding the Palatine Hill...
, obscure goddess who guarded the Palatine HillPalatine HillThe Palatine Hill is the centermost of the Seven Hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city...
. She was assigned a flamen minorFlamenIn ancient Roman religion, a flamen was a priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic. The most important three were the flamines maiores , who served the three chief Roman gods of the Archaic Triad. The remaining twelve were the flamines minores...
. - PalesPalesIn Roman mythology, Pales was a deity of shepherds, flocks and livestock. Regarded as a male by some sources and a female by others, and even possibly as a pair of deities ....
, deity of shepherds, flocks and livestock. - ParcaeParcaethumb|#00px|Early 16th-century [[millefleur tapestry]] depicting the Three Fates under their Greek namesIn Roman mythology, the Parcae were the personifications of destiny, often called The Fates in English. Their Greek equivalent were the Moirae. They controlled the metaphorical thread of life of...
, personifications of destiny (Nona, Decima, and Morta). - Partula or Parca, goddess of childbirth; determined the length of pregnancy.
- Patelana, goddess of opening husks of grain.
- PaventiaPaventiaIn ancient Roman religion, Paventia or Paventina was a divine personification of fear. She is one of many Roman deities whose name embodies a "functional focus." In particular, she is said to avert fear from infants. She appears in lists made by early Christian writers mocking minor deities who...
, goddess who personified fear in infants. - Paventinus, god who looked after infants' fears.
- PaxPax (mythology)In Roman mythology, Pax [paqs] was recognized as a goddess during the rule of Augustus. On the Campus Martius, she had a temple called the Ara Pacis, and another temple on the Forum Pacis. She was depicted in art with olive branches, a cornucopia and a scepter...
, goddess of peace; equivalent of Greek EireneEirene (Greek goddess)Eirene, or Irene |Pax]]), one of the Horae, was the personification of peace, and was depicted in art as a beautiful young woman carrying a cornucopia, sceptre and a torch or rhyton. She is said sometimes to be the daughter of Zeus and Themis....
. - PelloniaPellonia (mythology)In Roman mythology, Pellonia was a goddess who was believed to protect people from their enemies by driving the latter off.Her name likely derives from Latin pello "to hit, push, thrust off".-External links:*...
, goddess who warded people off their enemies. - Penates or Di PenatesDi PenatesIn ancient Roman religion, the Di Penates or Penates were among the dii familiares, or household deities, invoked most often in domestic rituals. When the family had a meal, they threw a bit into the fire on the hearth for the Penates...
, household gods. - PicumnusPicumnusIn Roman mythology, Picumnus was a god of fertility, agriculture, matrimony, infants and children. He may have been the same god as Sterquilinus. His brother was Pilumnus....
, minor god of fertility, agriculture, matrimony, infants and children. - PicusPicusIn Roman mythology, Picus was the first king of Latium. He was known for his skill at augury and horsemanship. The witch Circe turned him into a woodpecker for scorning her love. Picus' wife was Canens, a nymph who killed herself after his transformation. They had one son, Faunus.According to...
, Italic woodpecker god with oracular powers. - PietasPietas (goddess)In Roman mythology, Pietas was the goddess of duty to one's state, gods and family and a personification of the Roman virtue of pietas. One of the di indigetes, her main temple was a 2nd century BC one in the Forum Holitorium....
, goddess of duty; personification of the Roman virtue pietasPietasPietas was one of the Roman virtues, along with gravitas and dignitas. It is usually translated as "duty" or "devotion."-Definition:The word pietas is originally from Latin. The first printed record of the word’s use in English is from Anselm Bayly’s The Alliance of Music, Poetry, and Oratory,...
. - PilumnusPilumnusIn Roman mythology, Pilumnus was a nature deity, brother of Picumnus. He ensured children grew properly and stayed healthy. Ancient Romans made an extra bed after the birth of a child in order to ensure the help of Pilumnus. He also taught humanity how to grind grain...
, minor guardian god, concerned with the protection of infants at birth. - PlutoPluto (mythology)In ancient Greek religion and myth, Pluto was a name for the ruler of the underworld; the god was also known as Hades, a name for the underworld itself...
, Greek Plouton, a name for the ruler of the dead popularized through the mystery religions and Greek philosophyGreek philosophyAncient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BCE and continued through the Hellenistic period, at which point Ancient Greece was incorporated in the Roman Empire...
, sometimes used in Latin literature and identified with Dis paterDis PaterDis Pater, or Dispater was a Roman god of the underworld, later subsumed by Pluto or Hades. Originally a chthonic god of riches, fertile agricultural land, and underground mineral wealth, he was later commonly equated with the Roman deities Pluto and Orcus, becoming an underworld deity.Dis Pater...
or OrcusOrcusOrcus was a Roman god of the underworld.Orcus can also refer to:* Orcus , a demon prince in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game*90482 Orcus, a Trans-Neptunian object* Orcus , a genus of ladybird...
. - PoenaPoenaIn Roman mythology, Poena is the spirit of punishment and the attendant of punishment to Nemesis, the goddess of divine retribution. The Latin word poena, "pain, punishment, penalty", gave rise to English words such as subpoena and pain. The original word is the Ancient Greek poinḗ , also meaning...
, goddess of punishment. - PomonaPomonaPomona was a goddess of fruitful abundance in ancient Roman religion and myth. Her name comes from the Latin word pomum, "fruit," specifically orchard fruit. She was said to be a wood nymph and a part of the Numia, guardian spirits who watch over people, places, or homes...
, goddess of fruit trees, gardens and orchards; assigned a flamen minor. - PorusPorus (mythology)There are two related mythological figures named Porus in Greek classical literature. In Plato's Symposium, Porus, or Poros, was the personification of plenty. He was seduced by Penia while drunk on more than his fill of nectar at Aphrodite's birthday. Penia gave birth to Eros from their...
, god and personification of plenty. - PorrimaPorrimaPorrima may refer to:* Antevorta, a goddess in Roman mythology* Gamma Virginis, a star in the Virgo constellation* Schinia, a genus of insects known as Flower Moths...
, goddess of the future. Also called AntevortaAntevorteIn ancient Roman religion, Antevorta was a goddess of the future, also known as Porrima. She and her sister Postverta were described as companions or siblings of the goddess Carmenta, sometimes referred to as "the Carmentae"...
. One of the CarmentesCamenaeIn Roman mythology, the Camenae were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities.There were four Camenae:*Carmenta*Egeria*Antevorta, or Porrima...
and the CamenaeCamenaeIn Roman mythology, the Camenae were originally goddesses of childbirth, wells and fountains, and also prophetic deities.There were four Camenae:*Carmenta*Egeria*Antevorta, or Porrima...
. - PortunesPortunesIn Roman mythology, Portunes was a god of keys, doors and livestock. He protected the warehouses where grain was stored...
, god of keys, doors, and livestock, he was assigned a flamen minor. - PostvertaPostvertaIn Roman mythology, Postverta or Postvorta was the goddess of the past and one of the two Carmentes...
or Prorsa Postverta, goddess of childbirth and the past, one of the two Carmentes (other being Porrima). - PotinaPotinaIn ancient Roman religion, Potina was the goddess of children's drinks.Early Roman religion was concerned with the interlocking and complex interrelations between gods and humans. In this, the Romans maintained a large selection of divinities with unusually specific areas of authority. A sub-group...
, goddess of children's drinks. - PriapusPriapusIn Greek mythology, Priapus or Priapos , was a minor rustic fertility god, protector of livestock, fruit plants, gardens and male genitalia. Priapus is marked by his absurdly oversized, permanent erection, which gave rise to the medical term priapism...
, localised god of the shade; worship derived from the Greek PriapusPriapusIn Greek mythology, Priapus or Priapos , was a minor rustic fertility god, protector of livestock, fruit plants, gardens and male genitalia. Priapus is marked by his absurdly oversized, permanent erection, which gave rise to the medical term priapism...
. - Promitor, minor agricultural god, responsible for the growth and harvesting of crops; attendant of Ceres.
- ProserpinaProserpinaProserpina or Proserpine is an ancient Roman goddess whose story is the basis of a myth of Springtime. Her Greek goddess' equivalent is Persephone. The probable origin of her name comes from the Latin, "proserpere" or "to emerge," in respect to the growing of grain...
, Queen of the Dead and a grain-goddess, the Roman equivalent of the Greek PersephonePersephoneIn Greek mythology, Persephone , also called Kore , is the daughter of Zeus and the harvest-goddess Demeter, and queen of the underworld; she was abducted by Hades, the god-king of the underworld....
. - ProvidentiaProvidentiaIn ancient Roman religion, Providentia is a divine personification of the ability to foresee and make provision. She was among the embodiments of virtues that were part of the Imperial cult of ancient Rome. Providentia thus figures in art, cult, and literature, but has little or no mythology as...
, goddess of forethought. - PudicitiaPudicitiaPudicitia was a central concept in ancient Roman sexual ethics. The word is derived from the more general pudor, the sense of shame that regulated an individual's behavior as socially acceptable...
, goddess and personification of chastity, one of the Roman virtues. Her Greek equivalent was AidôsAidosAidos was the Greek goddess of shame, modesty, and humility. Aidos, as a quality, was that feeling of reverence or shame which restrains men from wrong. It also encompassed the emotion that a rich person might feel in the presence of the impoverished, that wealth was more a matter of luck than...
. - PutaPutaIn Roman mythology, according to Arnobius, Puta presided over the pruning of trees and was a minor goddess of agriculture.According to one version, the etymology of its name comes from Latin and its literal meaning is pruning...
, goddess of pruning vines and bushes.
Q
- QuirinusQuirinusIn Roman mythology, Quirinus was an early god of the Roman state. In Augustan Rome, Quirinus was also an epithet of Janus, as Janus Quirinus. His name is derived from Quiris meaning "spear."-History:...
, Sabine god identified with Mars; Romulus, the founder of Rome, was deified as Quirinus after his death. Quirinus was a war god and a god of the Roman people and state, and was assigned a flamen maior. - QuiritisQuiritisQuiritis was a Sabine goddess of motherhood. She was often associated with protection. In later years, Quiritis was identified with the goddess Juno, who was sometimes worshipped under the name Juno Quiritis...
, goddess of motherhood. Originally Sabine or pre-Roman, she was later equated with JunoJuno (mythology)Juno is an ancient Roman goddess, the protector and special counselor of the state. She is a daughter of Saturn and sister of the chief god Jupiter and the mother of Mars and Vulcan. Juno also looked after the women of Rome. Her Greek equivalent is Hera...
.
R
- Redarator, minor god of agriculture, associated with the second ploughing.
- Robigo or RobigusRobigaliaIn ancient Roman religion, the Robigalia was a festival held April 25. Its main ritual was a dog sacrifice to protect grain fields from disease. Games in the form of "major and minor" races were held...
, a god or goddess who personified grain disease and protected crops. - RomaRoma (mythology)In traditional Roman religion, Roma was a female deity who personifed the city of Rome and more broadly, the Roman state. Her image appears on the base of the column of Antoninus Pius.-Problems in earliest attestation:...
, personification of the Roman state. - RuminaRuminaIn ancient Roman religion, Rumina, also known as Diva Rumina, was a goddess who protected breastfeeding mothers, and possibly nursing infants. Her domain extended to protecting animal mothers, not just human ones...
, goddess who protected breastfeeding mothers. - RuncinaRuncinaIn Roman mythology, Runcina was a goddess of agriculture, associated with reaping and weeding .In biology, Runcina is the name of a genus of sea slugs....
, minor goddess of agriculture, associated with reaping and weeding. - RusinaRusinaIn Roman mythology, the goddess Rusina, also known as Rurina, was a protector of the fields or farmland, one of the ancient di indigetes. Her name is related to the Latin word rus, meaning "countryside", which is also the source of the word rural.A related Roman deity, Rusor, was associated with...
, protector of the fields or farmland (also known as Rurina). - Rusor, a minor agricultural god and attendant of Ceres.
S
- SalaciaSalacia (mythology)This article is about the goddess of salt water, Neptune’s wife.In ancient Roman mythology, Salacia was the female divinity of the sea, worshipped as the goddess of salt water who presided over the depths of the ocean. She was the wife and queen of Neptune, god of the sea and water...
, goddess of seawater, wife of Neptune. - Salus, goddess of the public welfare of the Roman people; came to be equated with the Greek HygieiaHygieiaIn Greek and Roman mythology, Hygieia , was a daughter of the god of medicine, Asclepius. She was the goddess/personification of health , cleanliness and sanitation. She also played an important part in her father's cult...
. - SancusSancusIn ancient Roman religion, Sancus was the god of trust , honesty, and oaths. His cult is one of the most ancient of the Romans, probably derived from Umbrian influences.-Oaths:...
, god of loyalty, honesty, and oaths. - Saritor or Sarritor, god of hoeing and weeding, assistant to CeresCeres (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
. - SaturnSaturn (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and myth, Saturn was a major god presiding over agriculture and the harvest time. His reign was depicted as a Golden Age of abundance and peace by many Roman authors. In medieval times he was known as the Roman god of agriculture, justice and strength. He held a sickle in...
, a titan, god of harvest and agriculture, the father of Jupiter, Neptune, Juno, and Pluto. - SeciaTutelina (goddess)In Roman mythology, Tutelina was an agricultural goddess who was responsible for protecting fruits brought in during harvest time. Tutelina and two other harvesting goddesses, Messia and Secia, had three pillars with altars before them in the Circus Maximus.-External links:*...
, goddess of sprouting corn. - SecuritasSecuritasIn Roman mythology, Securitas was the goddess of security and stability. especially the security of the Roman Empire. . On coinage Secuitas was usually depicted leaning on a column....
, goddess of security, especially the security of the Roman empire. - SegetiaSemoniaIn Roman mythology, Semonia was the goddess of sowing. She belonged to a group of agricultural deities which also comprised Setia and Segetia. Their names are derived from the same stem as the Latin verb sero "to sow"....
, goddess of ripe corn. - SemoniaSemoniaIn Roman mythology, Semonia was the goddess of sowing. She belonged to a group of agricultural deities which also comprised Setia and Segetia. Their names are derived from the same stem as the Latin verb sero "to sow"....
, goddess of sowing. - SentiaSentiaThis article is about the goddess. For the automobile, see Mazda Sentia.In ancient Roman religion, Sentia was the goddess who oversaw children's mental development. It is also said it was the goddess who gave awareness to the young child....
, goddess who oversaw children's mental development. - SetiaSemoniaIn Roman mythology, Semonia was the goddess of sowing. She belonged to a group of agricultural deities which also comprised Setia and Segetia. Their names are derived from the same stem as the Latin verb sero "to sow"....
, an agricultural goddess. - SilvanusSilvanus (mythology)Silvanus was a Roman tutelary deity of woods and fields. As protector of forests , he especially presided over plantations and delighted in trees growing wild. He is also described as a god watching over the fields and husbandmen, protecting in particular the boundaries of fields...
, minor god of woodlands and forests. - Sol InvictusSol InvictusSol Invictus was the official sun god of the later Roman empire. In 274 Aurelian made it an official cult alongside the traditional Roman cults. Scholars disagree whether the new deity was a refoundation of the ancient Latin cult of Sol, a revival of the cult of Elagabalus or completely new...
, sun god. - Somnus, god of sleep; equates with the Greek HypnosHypnosIn Greek mythology, Hypnos was the personification of sleep; the Roman equivalent was known as Somnus. His twin was Thánatos ; their mother was the primordial goddess Nyx . His palace was a dark cave where the sun never shines. At the entrance were a number of poppies and other hypnogogic plants...
. - Soranus, a god later subsumed by ApolloApolloApollo is one of the most important and complex of the Olympian deities in Greek and Roman mythology...
in the form Apollo Soranus. - SorsSorsIn Roman mythology, Sors was a god of luck.Although not much is said about the Roman god, he is mentioned in various stories and prayed to, or asked for assistance in certain points; "Sors, guide my arrow"...
, god of luck. - SpesSpesIn ancient Roman religion, Spes was the goddess of hope. Multiple temples to Spes are known, and inscriptions indicate that she received private devotion as well as state cult.-Republican Hope:...
, goddess of hope. - SpiniensisSpiniensisIn Roman mythology, Spiniensis was the god of thorns. People prayed to him when they removed thorny plants from their fields, as he presided over the digging out of thorn bushes and guarded the field against thorns. His name comes from spina ....
, minor agricultural god; prayed to when removing thorny bushes. - Stata MaterStata MaterIn Roman mythology, Stata Mater was the goddess who protected against fires. She was sometimes equated with Vesta. Her statue was located on the Forum....
, goddess who protected against fires. Sometimes equated with VestaVesta (mythology)Vesta was the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion. Vesta's presence was symbolized by the sacred fire that burned at her hearth and temples...
. - StatanusStatanusIn Roman mythology, Statanus, also known as Statulinus or Statilinus, was a deity who presided over a child's first attempts to stand up. Statanus, along with his wife, Statina, guarded children as they left their parents' homes for the first time and then returned...
, god also known as Statulinus or Statilinus. Presided over the child's first attempt to stand up. Along with his wife Statina protected the children as they left home for the first time and returned. - Statina, goddess who, along with her husband StatanusStatanusIn Roman mythology, Statanus, also known as Statulinus or Statilinus, was a deity who presided over a child's first attempts to stand up. Statanus, along with his wife, Statina, guarded children as they left their parents' homes for the first time and then returned...
, protected the childred as they left home for the first time and returned. - SterquilinusSterquilinusIn Roman mythology, Sterquilinus was a god of fertilization. He may have been equivalent to Picumnus...
("Manure"), god of fertilizer. Also known as Stercutus, Sterculius, Straculius, Struculius. - StrenuaStrenuaIn Roman mythology, Strenua or Strenia was the goddess of strength and endurance. She was originally a Sabine goddess. She had a temple on the Via Sacra.According to some scholars the Befana tradition is derived by the Strenua cult....
or Strenia, Sabine goddess of strength and endurance. - SuadelaSuadelaIn Roman mythology, Suadela was a goddess of persuasion, particularly in romance, seduction and love. She was strongly associated with Venus. Her Greek name was Peitho. Sometimes she is associated with or counted as one of the Graces....
, goddess of persuasion, her Greek equivalent was PeithoPeithoIn Greek mythology, Peitho is the goddess who personifies persuasion and seduction. Her Roman name is Suadela. Pausanias reports that after the unification of Athens, Theseus set up a cult of Aphrodite Pandemos and Peitho on the south slope of Acropolis at Athens. Peitho, in her role as an...
. - Subigus, god of the wedding night.
- SummanusSummanusIn ancient Roman religion, Summanus was the god of nocturnal thunder, as counterposed to Jupiter, the god of diurnal thunder. His precise nature was unclear even to Ovid....
, god of nocturnal thunder. - Sulis Minerva, a conflationConflationConflation occurs when the identities of two or more individuals, concepts, or places, sharing some characteristics of one another, become confused until there seems to be only a single identity — the differences appear to become lost...
of the Celtic goddess Sul and Minerva
T
- Tellumo, male counterpart of Tellus.
- Tempestas, goddess of storms.
- Terra MaterTerra (mythology)Terra or Tellus was a goddess personifying the Earth in Roman mythology. The names Terra Mater and Tellus Mater both mean "Mother Earth" in Latin; Mater is an honorific title also bestowed on other goddesses...
or Tellus, goddess of the earth and land. - TerminusTerminus (mythology)In Roman religion, Terminus was the god who protected boundary markers; his name was the Latin word for such a marker. Sacrifices were performed to sanctify each boundary stone, and landowners celebrated a festival called the "Terminalia" in Terminus' honor each year on February 23...
, the rustic god of boundaries. - TiberinusTiberinus (god)Tiberinus is a figure in Roman mythology. He was added to the 3,000 rivers , as the genius of the river Tiber.According to Virgil's epic Aeneid, he helped Aeneas in his travel from Troy, suggesting to him that he land in Latium and gave him much other precious advice...
, river god; deity of the TiberTiberThe Tiber is the third-longest river in Italy, rising in the Apennine Mountains in Emilia-Romagna and flowing through Umbria and Lazio to the Tyrrhenian Sea. It drains a basin estimated at...
river. - TibertusTibertusIn Roman mythology, Tibertus is the god of the river Anio, a tributary of the Tiber. He is not to be confused with Tiburtus, the legendary founder of Tibur....
, god of the river Anio, a tributary of the Tiber. - TranquillitasTranquillitasIn Roman mythology, Tranquillitas was the goddess and personification of tranquility, security, calmness, peace. Tranquillitas was a bit of a mystery goddess, but she seems related to Annona and Securitas, implying reference to the peaceful security of the Roman Empire...
, goddess of peace and tranquility. - TriviaTrivia (mythology)Trivia in Roman mythology was the goddess who "haunted crossroads, graveyards, and was the goddess of sorcery and witchcraft, she wandered about at night and was seen only by the barking of dogs who told of her approach." She was the equivalent of the Greek goddess Hecate, the goddess of...
, goddess of crossroads and magic, equated with HecateHecateHecate or Hekate is a chthonic Greco-Roman goddess associated with magic, witchcraft, necromancy, and crossroads.She is attested in poetry as early as Hesiod's Theogony...
. - TutelinaTutelina (goddess)In Roman mythology, Tutelina was an agricultural goddess who was responsible for protecting fruits brought in during harvest time. Tutelina and two other harvesting goddesses, Messia and Secia, had three pillars with altars before them in the Circus Maximus.-External links:*...
or Tutilina, goddess of harvested and stored corn.
U
- Ubertas, minor agricultural goddess, who personified fruitfulness of soil and plants, and abundance in general.
- Unxia, minor goddess of marriage, concerned with anointing the bridegroom's door. The name occurs as a surname of Juno.
- UranusUranus (mythology)Uranus , was the primal Greek god personifying the sky. His equivalent in Roman mythology was Caelus. In Ancient Greek literature, according to Hesiod in his Theogony, Uranus or Father Sky was the son and husband of Gaia, Mother Earth...
, god of the sky before Jupiter (GreekGreek mythologyGreek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece...
).
V
- VacunaVacunaVacuna was an ancient Sabine goddess, identified by ancient Roman sources and later scholars with numerous other goddesses, including Ceres, Diana, Nike, Minerva, Bellona, Venus and Victoria. She was mainly worshipped at a sanctuary in near Horace's villa , in sacred woods at Reate, and at...
, ancient Sabine goddess of rest after harvest who protected the farmers' sheep and was later identified with Nike - Goddess of VictoryNike (mythology)In Greek mythology, Nike was a goddess who personified victory, also known as the Winged Goddess of Victory. The Roman equivalent was Victoria. Depending upon the time of various myths, she was described as the daughter of Pallas and Styx and the sister of Kratos , Bia , and Zelus...
and worshipped as a war goddess. - VagitanusVagitanusIn ancient Roman religion, Vagitanus or Vaticanus was one of a number of childbirth deities who influenced or guided some aspect of parturition, in this instance the newborn's crying. The name is related to the Latin noun vagitus, "crying, squalling, wailing," particularly by a baby or an animal,...
, minor god of children, guardian of the infant's first cry at birth. - ValloniaVallonia (mythology)In Roman mythology, Vallonia was the goddess of valleys . Her name is known from St. Augustine's work The City of God, and is not attested otherwise....
, goddess of valleys. - Vediovus or VeiovisVeiovisVejovis or Vejove is a Roman god.-Representation and worship:Vejovis is portrayed as a young man, holding a bunch of arrows, pilum, in his hand, and is accompanied by a goat. Romans believed that Vejovis was one of the first gods to be born. He was a god of healing, and became associated with...
, obscure god, a sort of anti-JupiterJupiter (mythology)In ancient Roman religion and myth, Jupiter or Jove is the king of the gods, and the god of the sky and thunder. He is the equivalent of Zeus in the Greek pantheon....
, as the meaning of his name suggests. May be a god of the underworld. - Venilia or Venelia, sea goddess, wife of Neptune or Faunus.
- VentiAnemoiIn Greek mythology, the Anemoi were Greek wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction from which their respective winds came , and were each associated with various seasons and weather conditions...
, the winds, equivalent to the Greek AnemoiAnemoiIn Greek mythology, the Anemoi were Greek wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction from which their respective winds came , and were each associated with various seasons and weather conditions...
. North wind: Aquilo(n) or Septentrio; South wind: Auster; East wind: Vulturnus; West wind: Favonius; North west wind: Caurus or Corus. - VenusVenus (mythology)Venus is a Roman goddess principally associated with love, beauty, sex,sexual seduction and fertility, who played a key role in many Roman religious festivals and myths...
, goddess of love, beauty, sexuality, and gardens; mother of the founding hero AeneasAeneasAeneas , in Greco-Roman mythology, was a Trojan hero, the son of the prince Anchises and the goddess Aphrodite. His father was the second cousin of King Priam of Troy, making Aeneas Priam's second cousin, once removed. The journey of Aeneas from Troy , which led to the founding a hamlet south of...
; one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. - VeritasVeritasIn Roman mythology, Veritas, meaning truth, was the goddess of truth, a daughter of Saturn and the mother of Virtue. It was believed that she hid in the bottom of a holy well because she was so elusive. Her image is shown as a young virgin dressed in white...
, goddess and personification of the Roman virtue of veritasVeritasIn Roman mythology, Veritas, meaning truth, was the goddess of truth, a daughter of Saturn and the mother of Virtue. It was believed that she hid in the bottom of a holy well because she was so elusive. Her image is shown as a young virgin dressed in white...
or truth. - VerminusVerminusIn Roman mythology, Verminus was the Roman god who protected cattle from disease. The god may have been inherited from the Indigetes, whom the Romans conquered in 218 BC...
, god of cattle worms. - VertumnusVertumnusIn Roman mythology, Vertumnus — also Vortumnus or Vertimnus — is the god of seasons, change and plant growth, as well as gardens and fruit trees...
, Vortumnus or Vertimnus, god of the seasons, and of gardens and fruit trees. - Vervactor, deity of the first ploughing, assistant to CeresCeres (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Ceres was a goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships. She was originally the central deity in Rome's so-called plebeian or Aventine Triad, then was paired with her daughter Proserpina in what Romans described as "the Greek rites of Ceres"...
. - VestaVesta (mythology)Vesta was the virgin goddess of the hearth, home, and family in Roman religion. Vesta's presence was symbolized by the sacred fire that burned at her hearth and temples...
, goddess of the hearth, the Roman state, and the sacred fire; one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
. - Vica PotaVica PotaIn ancient Roman religion, Vica Pota was a goddess whose shrine was located at the foot of the Velian Hill, on the site of the domus of Publius Valerius Publicola. This location would place the temple on the same side of the Velia as the forum and perhaps not far from the Regia...
, goddess of victory and competitions. - VictoriaVictoria (mythology)In ancient Roman religion, Victoria was the personified goddess of victory. She is the Roman equivalent of the Greek goddess Nike, and was associated with Bellona. She was adapted from the Sabine agricultural goddess Vacuna and had a temple on the Palatine Hill...
, goddess of victory. - ViduusViduusIn Roman mythology, Viduus was the god who separated the soul and the body after death.In music, Viduus is a progressive technical death metal band, founded by bassist and vocalist Malethoth Kazynanenko....
, god who separated soul and body after death. - Virbius, a forest god, the reborn HippolytusHippolytus (mythology)thumb|260px|The Death of Hippolytus, by [[Sir Lawrence Alma-Tadema]] .In Greek mythology, Hippolytus was a son of Theseus and either Antiope or Hippolyte...
. - ViriplacaViriplacaViriplaca, in Roman mythology, was "the goddess who soothes the anger of man," and was applied as a surname of Juno, describing her as the restorer of peace between married people. She had a sanctuary on the Palatine, into which women went when they thought themselves wronged by their husbands...
, goddess of marital strife. - Virtus, god or goddess of military strength, personification of the Roman virtue of virtusVirtus (virtue)Virtus was a specific virtue in Ancient Rome. It carries connotations of valor, manliness, excellence, courage, character, and worth, perceived as masculine strengths...
. - VolturnusVolturnusIn Roman mythology, Volturnus was a god of the waters, probably derived from a local Samnite cult. His festival, Volturnalia, was held on August 27.The Volturno river in Campania is named in his honour....
, god of water, was assigned a flamen minorFlamenIn ancient Roman religion, a flamen was a priest assigned to one of fifteen deities with official cults during the Roman Republic. The most important three were the flamines maiores , who served the three chief Roman gods of the Archaic Triad. The remaining twelve were the flamines minores...
. Not to be confused with VulturnusAnemoiIn Greek mythology, the Anemoi were Greek wind gods who were each ascribed a cardinal direction from which their respective winds came , and were each associated with various seasons and weather conditions...
. - VolumnaVolumnaIn Roman mythology, Volumna was the goddess of nurseries.Early Roman Mythology focused on the interlocking and complex interrelations between gods and humans. In this, the Romans maintained a large selection of divinities with unusually specific areas of authority. A sub-group of deities covered...
, goddess of nurseries. - VoluptasVoluptasIn Roman mythology, Voluptas or Volupta is the beautiful daughter born from the union of Cupid and Psyche. She is often found in the company of the Charites, or Three Graces, and she is known as the goddess of "sensual pleasures" whose Latin name means "pleasure" or "bliss".Some Roman authors...
, goddess of pleasure. - VolutinaVolutinaIn Roman mythology, Volutina was a minor agricultural goddess, who presided over the envelopes of follicles of crops. Her name is known from St. Augustine's work The City of God, and is not attested otherwise....
, goddess of the envelopes of the follicles of crops. - Vulcan, god of the forge, fire, and blacksmiths, husband to Venus, and one of the Dii ConsentesDii ConsentesThe Dii Consentes were a list of twelve major deities, six gods and six goddesses, in the pantheon of Ancient Rome. Their gilt statues stood in the Forum, later apparently in the Porticus Deorum Consentium....
, was assigned a flamen minor.