List of nicknames of European royalty and nobility: R
Encyclopedia
R
- RadegundRadegundRadegund was a 6th century Frankish princess, who founded the monastery of the Holy Cross at Poitiers. Canonized in the 9th century, she is the patron saint of several English churches and of Jesus College, Cambridge.-Life history:Radegund was born about 520 to Bertachar, one of the three kings...
the Saint - Radoslav the Zlican
- Radu II Chelul the Bald
- Radu II of WallachiaRadu II of WallachiaRadu II Prasnaglava was a ruler of the principality of Wallachia in the 15th century, ruling for 4 terms, each time preceded by Dan II, his rival for the throne, and each time succeeded by him. Of those 4 periods on the throne of Wallachia, all were within a period of only 7 years, and 3 terms...
the Poor, the Simple - Radu cel FrumosRadu cel FrumosRadu III the Fair, Radu III the Handsome or Radu III the Beautiful , also known by his Turkish name Radu Bey , was the younger brother of Vlad Ţepeş and voivode of the principality of Wallachia, of the four brothers he converted to Islam and entered Ottoman service...
the Handsome, the Good - Radu cel MareRadu cel MareRadu IV the Great was a Voivode of Wallachia from September 1495 to April 1508. He succeeded his father, Vlad Călugărul, who was one of the three brothers to Vlad III the Impaler . He was married to Princess Catalina Crnojević of Zeta, and was succeeded by his first cousin Mihnea cel Rău, son to...
the Great - Radu NegruRadu NegruRadu Negru also known as Radu Vodă , Radu Negru, or Negru Vodă, was a legendary ruler of Wallachia....
the Black - Ragnald III of the Isle of ManRagnald III of the Isle of ManRagnall I Haraldsson , referred to in some texts as Reginald, was ruler of the Isle of Man for a brief period in 1164....
the Usurper - Ragnar Rykkil, son of Harald I of NorwayHarald I of NorwayHarald Fairhair or Harald Finehair , , son of Halfdan the Black, was the first king of Norway.-Background:Little is known of the historical Harald...
- Ragnar LodbrokRagnar LodbrokRagnar Lodbrok was a Norse legendary hero from the Viking Age who was thoroughly reshaped in Old Norse poetry and legendary sagas.-Life as recorded in the sagas:...
(Shaggy or Leather Breeches) - Ragnhild of Jutland, wife of Harald I of NorwayHarald I of NorwayHarald Fairhair or Harald Finehair , , son of Halfdan the Black, was the first king of Norway.-Background:Little is known of the historical Harald...
and mother of Eric I of Norway, the Mighty - Ragnhild of Telge the Saint
- Ragnvald EysteinssonRagnvald EysteinssonRognvald "The Wise" Eysteinsson is the founder of the Earldom of Orkney in the Norse Sagas. Three quite different accounts of the creation of the Norse earldom on Orkney and Shetland exist...
the Powerful, the Wise - Ragnvald KnaphövdeRagnvald KnaphövdeRagnvald Knaphövde was a King of Sweden whose reign is estimated to the mid-1120s or c. 1130. His cognomen Knaphövde is explained as referring to a drinking vessel, the size of a man's head or meaning "round head" and referring to his being foolish...
the Fool - Ragnvald the Mountain-HighRagnvald the Mountain-HighRagnvald "the Mountain-High" Olafsson was a petty king of Vestfold in what is today Norway. He was the son of Olaf Geirstad-Alf, a cousin of Harald Fairhair and the father of Åsa Ragnvaldsdatter , who married Eystein Ivarsson.His greatest contribution to posterity was that he asked the skald...
the Mountain-High, the Glorious - Rainald II of Guelders (1295–1343) the Red
- Rainald II, Duke of Guelders 1339–1343 the Black
- Rainald IV of Spoleto Rainald de Duce
- Rainier III, Prince of MonacoRainier III, Prince of MonacoRainier III, Prince of Monaco , styled His Serene Highness The Sovereign Prince of Monaco, ruled the Principality of Monaco for almost 56 years, making him one of the longest ruling monarchs of the 20th century.Though he was best known outside of Europe for having married American...
(1923–2005) the Boss the Builder-Prince - Archduke Rainer Joseph of Austria (1783–1853), Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia the Elder
- Archduke Rainer Ferdinand of AustriaArchduke Rainer Ferdinand of AustriaArchduke Rainer Ferdinand of Austria was an Austrian prime minister. He was a son of Archduke Rainer Joseph....
(1827–1913), Viceroy of Lombardy-Venetia the Younger - Rainulf IIRainulf TrincanocteRainulf II, called Trincanocte, was the fourth Count of Aversa , the cousin and nephew respectively of his immediate predecessor Asclettin and Rainulf Drengot, the founder of their family's fortunes in the Mezzogiorno...
Count of AversaAversaAversa is a town and comune in the Province of Caserta in Campania southern Italy, about 15 kilometres north of Naples. It is the centre of an agricultural district, the agro aversano, producing wine and cheese...
(†1048) Drengot - Rainulf Duke of ApuliaApuliaApulia is a region in Southern Italy bordering the Adriatic Sea in the east, the Ionian Sea to the southeast, and the Strait of Òtranto and Gulf of Taranto in the south. Its most southern portion, known as Salento peninsula, forms a high heel on the "boot" of Italy. The region comprises , and...
(†1139) Drengot - Rainulf DrengotRainulf DrengotRainulf Drengot was a Norman adventurer and the first count of Aversa .When one of Rainulf's numerous brothers, Osmond, was exiled by Richard I of Normandy for the murder of one of his kin, Rainulf, Osmond, and their brothers Gilbert Buatère, Asclettin , and Raulf went on a pilgrimage to the...
- Rainulf TrincanocteRainulf TrincanocteRainulf II, called Trincanocte, was the fourth Count of Aversa , the cousin and nephew respectively of his immediate predecessor Asclettin and Rainulf Drengot, the founder of their family's fortunes in the Mezzogiorno...
Trincanocte - Ralph the TimidRalph the TimidRalph the Timid, also known as Ralf of Mantes, died 1057, was Earl of Hereford between 1051 and 1055 or 1057. His mother was Godgifu, the daughter of King Æthelred the Unready and his second wife Emma. His father was Drogo of Mantes, Count of the Vexin, who died on pilgrimage to Jerusalem in...
the Staller - Ramiro I of AragonRamiro I of AragonRamiro I was de facto the first King of Aragon from 1035 until his death. Apparently born before 1007, he was the illegitimate son of Sancho III of Navarre by his mistress Sancha de Aybar...
the Petty King - Ramiro II of AragonRamiro II of AragonRamiro II , called the Monk, was King of Aragon from 1134 until withdrawing from public life in 1137...
the Monk - Ramiro II of LeónRamiro II of LeónRamiro II , son of Ordoño II, was King of León from 931 until his death. Initially titular king only of a lesser part of Asturias, he gained the crown of León after his brother Alfonso IV abdicated in 931...
the Ferocious Warrior - Ramiro III of LeónRamiro III of LeónRamiro III , king of León , was the son of Sancho the Fat and his successor at the age of only five. During his minority, the regency was in the hands of two nuns: his aunt Elvira Ramírez of León, who took the title of queen during the minority, and his mother Teresa Ansúrez, who was put in a...
the Child - Ramon of Navarre the Fratricide, son of García Sánchez III of Navarre
- Ramon Berenguer I Count of Barcelona the Old
- Ramon Berenguer II Count of Barcelona the Towhead, the Burlap-Head, Tête d'Étoupe
- Ramon Berenguer III Count of Barcelona the Great
- Ramon Berenguer IVRamon Berenguer IV, Count of BarcelonaRamon Berenguer IV , sometimes called the Holy, was the Count of Barcelona who effected the union between the Kingdom of Aragon and the Principality of Catalonia into the Crown of Aragon....
Count of Barcelona the Saint - Ramon Folc VI of CardonaCardonaCardona is a town ìn Catalonia, Spain, in the province of Barcelona; about 90 km northwest of the city of Barcelona, on a hill almost surrounded by the river Cardoner, a branch of the Llobregat.Near the town is an extensive deposit of rock salt...
the Honorable Connector (Prohom Vinculador) - Randal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of AntrimRandal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of AntrimRandal MacDonnell, 1st Earl of Antrim , having been fostered in the Gaelic manner on the Scottish island of Arran by the Hamiltons, was the 4th son of Sorley Boy MacDonnell, and of Mary, daughter of Conn O'Neill, 1st Earl of Tyrone.He fought at first against the English government, participating...
Arranach - Ranuccio FarneseRanuccio Farnese il VecchioRanuccio Farnese was an Italian nobleman, feudal lord and condottiero.Born in Ischia, he is considered the founder of the fortunes of the Farnese family. In 1416 Ranuccio succeeded his father as commander-in-chief of the Republic of Siena's troops, and defeated the Orsini of Pitigliano...
the Elder - RanulfRanulfRanulf is masculine given name in the English language. It is derived from the Old Norse name Reginúlfr. This Old Norse personal name is composed of two elements: the first, regin, means "advice", "decision" ; the second element, úlfr, means "wolf"...
(Ralph) Viscount of BessinBessinThe Bessin is an area in Normandy, France, corresponding to the territory of the Bajocasse tribe of Gaul who also gave their name to the city of Bayeux, central town of the Bessin.-History:The territory was annexed by the Duchy of Normandy in 924....
(Bayeaux) le Meschin - Ranulf II (†1031) Viscount of AubussonAubussonAubusson is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:* Aubusson, Creuse, in the Creuse département, well-known for the manufacture of Aubusson tapestry and carpets* Aubusson, Orne, in the Orne département...
Cabridellus - RanulfRanulfRanulf is masculine given name in the English language. It is derived from the Old Norse name Reginúlfr. This Old Norse personal name is composed of two elements: the first, regin, means "advice", "decision" ; the second element, úlfr, means "wolf"...
ancestor of the Vesci Barons the Moneyer - Ranulph le Meschin, 1st Earl of Chester Ranulf de Bricasard
- Raoul I of Brienne, Count of EuRaoul I of Brienne, Count of EuRaoul I of Brienne was the son of John II of Brienne, Count of Eu and Jeanne, Countess of Guînes.He succeeded his father as Count of Eu in 1302, and his mother as Count of Guînes in 1332. In 1329, he was named Constable of France, and he also held the office of Governor of Languedoc.In 1315, he...
- Raoul I of Vermandois the Brave
- Raoul I, Count of Valois and VexinVexinThe Vexin is a historical county of northwestern France. It covers a verdant plateau on the right bank of the Seine comprising an area east-to-west between Pontoise and Romilly-sur-Andelle , and north-to-south between Auneuil and the Seine near Vernon...
Raoul of Cambrai - Raoul II of Brienne, Count of EuRaoul II of Brienne, Count of EuRaoul II of Brienne was the son of Raoul I of Brienne, Count of Eu and Guînes and Jeanne de Mello. He succeeded his father in 1344 as Count of Eu and Guînes, as well as in his post as Constable of France....
- Raoul III, Count of SoissonsSoissonsSoissons is a commune in the Aisne department in Picardy in northern France, located on the Aisne River, about northeast of Paris. It is one of the most ancient towns of France, and is probably the ancient capital of the Suessiones...
the Good - Raoul III (†1074), Count of VexinVexinThe Vexin is a historical county of northwestern France. It covers a verdant plateau on the right bank of the Seine comprising an area east-to-west between Pontoise and Romilly-sur-Andelle , and north-to-south between Auneuil and the Seine near Vernon...
& Valois the Great - Raoul of Lusignan, Count of EuEu, Seine-MaritimeEu is a commune in the Seine-Maritime department in the Haute-Normandie region in northern France.Eu is located near the coast in the eastern part of the department, near the border with Picardie.Its inhabitants are known as the Eudois.-Geography:...
Raoul d'Issoudun, Raoul of Issoudun - Raymond III Pons of Toulouse Pons
- Raymond IV of ToulouseRaymond IV of ToulouseRaymond IV of Toulouse , sometimes called Raymond of St Gilles, was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne, and Margrave of Provence and one of the leaders of the First Crusade. He was a son of Pons of Toulouse and Almodis de La Marche...
Raymond of Saint-Gilles - Raymond VI of ToulouseRaymond VI of ToulouseRaymond VI was count of Toulouse and marquis of Provence from 1194 to 1222. He was also count of Melgueil from 1173 to 1190.-Early life:...
the Old - Raymond VII of ToulouseRaymond VII of ToulouseRaymond VII of Saint-Gilles was Count of Toulouse, Duke of Narbonne and Marquis of Provence from 1222 until his death. He was the son of Raymond VI of Toulouse and Joan of England...
Raymondet, the Younger - Raymond Roger (†1209), Viscount of BéziersBéziersBéziers is a town in Languedoc in southern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the Hérault department. Béziers hosts the famous Feria de Béziers, centred around bullfighting, every August. A million visitors are attracted to the five-day event...
Trencavel - Raymond Trencavel I (†1167), Viscount of BéziersBéziersBéziers is a town in Languedoc in southern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the Hérault department. Béziers hosts the famous Feria de Béziers, centred around bullfighting, every August. A million visitors are attracted to the five-day event...
Trencavel - Raymond Trencavel II (†1206), Viscount of Albi Trencavel
- Raymond FitzGeraldRaymond FitzgeraldRaymond FitzGerald , nicknamed Le Gros, was a Cambro-Norman commander during the Norman invasion of Ireland....
the Fat - Raynald of ChâtillonRaynald of ChatillonRaynald of Châtillon was a knight who served in the Second Crusade and remained in the Holy Land after its defeat...
the Wolf - Red Hugh O'Donnell
- Redmond BurkeRedmond BurkeDr. Redmond P. Burke is a congenital heart surgeon, software developer, author, inventor, and founder of The Congenital Heart Institute at Miami Children's Hospital, and Arnold Palmer Hospital, in Miami and Orlando Florida...
(†1595) Redmond of the Broom - RegalianusRegalianusP. C Regalianus was a Dacian general who turned against the Roman Empire and became himself emperor for a brief period, being murdered by the hands who raised him to power.-Career:...
the Barracks Emperor, the Emperor of the Army - Reginald III, Duke of Guelders (1295–1343) the Fat, "le Gras"
- Reginald Pole White Rose
- Reginar, Duke of LorraineReginar, Duke of LorraineReginar I Longneck was the Duke of Lorraine from 910 until his death. He stands at the head of the clan of Reginarids, an important Lotharingian noble family....
(900–911) au Longue Col, au Long Col, Langhals, Long Neck - Regnier III, Count of HainautRegnier III, Count of HainautReginar III was Count of Hainaut from 940 to 958.He was born in Brabant as the son of Reginar II, Count of Hainaut.Together with his brother Rodolphe, he took part in the rebellion of his uncle Gilbert, Duke of Lorraine...
: Reginar I of HainautCounty of HainautThe County of Hainaut was a historical region in the Low Countries with its capital at Mons . In English sources it is often given the archaic spelling Hainault....
au Longue Col, au Long Col, Langhals, Long Neck - Regnier IV of Mons Regnier of Mons
- Renaud II, Count of Bar (1115–1170) the Younger
- Renaud V († after 1185), Viscount of AubussonAubussonAubusson is the name or part of the name of several communes in France:* Aubusson, Creuse, in the Creuse département, well-known for the manufacture of Aubusson tapestry and carpets* Aubusson, Orne, in the Orne département...
"The Leper, "Leprous" - Renaut I of BarRenaut I of BarReginald I was Count of Bar . Barrois, during the Middle Ages, was the territory of the counts and dukes of Bar, in the eastern part of present-day France, bordering Lorraine....
the Blind, the One-Eyed - René of SavoyRené of SavoyRené of Savoy was a French nobleman and soldier. He was count of Villars and of Tende . Known as "the Great Bastard of Savoy", he was the illegitimate son of Philip II, Duke of Savoy and Libera Portoneri - this made him the originator of the Savoie-Villars branch of the House of...
(1488–1525), Admiral of FranceAdmiral of FranceThe title Admiral of France is one of the Great Officers of the Crown of France, the naval equivalent of Marshal of France.The title was created in 1270 by Louis IX of France, during the Eighth Crusade. At the time it was equivalent to the office of Constable of France. The Admiral was responsible...
the Great Bastard of Savoy - René I of NaplesRené I of NaplesRené of Anjou , also known as René I of Naples and Good King René , was Duke of Anjou, Count of Provence , Count of Piedmont, Duke of Bar , Duke of Lorraine , King of Naples , titular King of Jerusalem...
Rhyming Rene, the Good King - René II, Duke of LorraineRené II, Duke of LorraineRené II was Count of Vaudémont from 1470, Duke of Lorraine from 1473, and Duke of Bar from 1483 to 1508. He claimed the crown of the Kingdom of Naples and the County of Provence as the Duke of Calabria 1480–1493 and as King of Naples and Jerusalem 1493–1508...
the Victorious - Renée de Rieux (1541–1582), mistress of Henry III of FranceHenry III of FranceHenry III was King of France from 1574 to 1589. As Henry of Valois, he was the first elected monarch of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth with the dual titles of King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1573 to 1575.-Childhood:Henry was born at the Royal Château de Fontainebleau,...
la Belle de Châteauneuf - Rev I of IberiaRev I of IberiaRev I, "the Just" was a king of Iberia from 189 to 216 AD. His reign inaugurated the local Arsacid dynasty....
, King of Georgia (189–216) the Just - Rhodri Molwynog ap IdwalRhodri Molwynog ap IdwalRhodri Molwynog ap Idwal was King of Gwynedd . This era in the history of Gwynedd was not notable, and given the lack of reliable information available, serious histories of Wales, such that as by Davies, do not mention Rhodri, while that of Lloyd mentions his name in passing only to quote the...
Rhodri I, the Bald and Gray - Rhodri the GreatRhodri the GreatRhodri the Great was King of Gwynedd from 844 until his death. He was the first Welsh ruler to be called 'Great', and the first to rule most of present-day Wales...
the Great - Rhun Hir ap MaelgwnRhun Hir ap MaelgwnRhun ap Maelgwn Gwynedd , also known as Rhun Hir ap Maelgwn Gwynedd , was King of Gwynedd . He came to the throne on the death of his father, King Maelgwn Gwynedd. There are no historical records of his reign in this early age...
the Tall - Rhyddfedd Frych, King of Powis the Freckled
- Rhys ap GruffyddRhys ap GruffyddRhys ap Gruffydd or ap Gruffudd was the ruler of the kingdom of Deheubarth in south Wales. He is commonly known as The Lord Rhys, in Welsh Yr Arglwydd Rhys, but this title may not have been used in his lifetime...
the Lord Rhys - Rhys GrygRhys GrygRhys Gryg , real name Rhys ap Rhys, also known as Rhys Fychan was a Welsh Prince who ruled part of the Kingdom of Deheubarth.- Lineage :...
the Hoarse - RicimerRicimerFlavius Ricimer was a Germanic general who achieved effective control of the remaining parts of the Western Roman Empire, during the middle of the 5th century...
the Kingmaker - Richard I of CapuaRichard I of CapuaRichard I Drengot was a count of Aversa and prince of Capua .He was the son of Asclettin, count of Acerenza, younger brother of Asclettin, count of Aversa, and nephew of Rainulf Drengot, the Norman adventurer who had first travelled to southern Italy in 1017 and progressed to set up the first...
Quarrel, Drengot - Richard I of EnglandRichard I of EnglandRichard I was King of England from 6 July 1189 until his death. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Duke of Aquitaine, Duke of Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, Count of Anjou, Count of Maine, Count of Nantes, and Overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period...
the Lionheart, the Lion-hearted, Cœur de Lion, Melek-Ric (Arab. = "King Richard") , Yea and Nay (Fr. Oc-e-Non) - Richard I of NormandyRichard I of NormandyRichard I of Normandy , also known as Richard the Fearless , was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to have held that title.-Birth:He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and Sprota...
the Leader of the Normans of Rouen, le Veil, the Fearless, the Ferocious Warrior - Richard I, Viscount of Avranches le Goz
- Richard II of Normandy l'Irascible, the Good
- Richard II of EnglandRichard II of EnglandRichard II was King of England, a member of the House of Plantagenet and the last of its main-line kings. He ruled from 1377 until he was deposed in 1399. Richard was a son of Edward, the Black Prince, and was born during the reign of his grandfather, Edward III...
Richard of Bordeaux, the Coxcomb, the Prince of Coxcombs, le Mignon - Richard III of EnglandRichard III of EnglandRichard III was King of England for two years, from 1483 until his death in 1485 during the Battle of Bosworth Field. He was the last king of the House of York and the last of the Plantagenet dynasty...
the Protector, the Hog, Crookback - Richard, Duke of Burgundy the Justiciar
- Richard, Earl of Cambridge (1376–1415) Richard of Conisburgh
- Richard, 1st Earl of CornwallRichard, 1st Earl of CornwallRichard of Cornwall was Count of Poitou , 1st Earl of Cornwall and German King...
Richard of Cornwall - Richard Barry, 7th Earl of BarrymoreRichard Barry, 7th Earl of BarrymoreRichard Barry, 7th Earl of Barrymore was an English nobleman of Ireland, as well as an infamous rake, gambler, sportsman, theatrical enthusiast and womanizer....
the Rake of Rakes - Richard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of WarwickRichard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of WarwickRichard de Beauchamp, 13th Earl of Warwick, Count of Aumale, KG was an English medieval nobleman and military commander.-Early Life:...
the Good - Richard de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Clanricarde the Saxon
- Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of PembrokeRichard de Clare, 2nd Earl of PembrokeRichard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke , Lord of Leinster, Justiciar of Ireland . Like his father, he was also commonly known as Strongbow...
Strongbow - Richard de Clare, 4th Earl of HertfordRichard de Clare, 4th Earl of HertfordRichard de Clare, 3rd Earl of Hertford, 4th Earl of Gloucester jure uxoris was the son of Roger de Clare, 2nd Earl of Hertford and Maud de St. Hilary. More commonly known as the Earl of Clare, he had the majority of the Giffard estates from his ancestor, Rohese...
the Surety - Richard de MontfichetRichard de MontfichetRichard de Montfichet was a Magna Carta surety. He was a landowner in Essex.His father was another Richard de Montfichet whose maternal grandfather was Richard de Luci. His daughter Avelina married William de Forz, 3rd Earl of Albemarle.-External...
the Surety - Richard de PercyRichard de PercySir Richard de Percy , 5th Baron Percy, was a Magnate from the North of England, and a participant in the First Barons' War.He was the son of Agnes de Perci, suo jure Baroness Percy, the heiress of the Percy estates, and her husband Joscelin of Louvain, who was styled "brother of the queen"...
the Surety - Richard FitzGerald, 21st Knight of Glin the Duellist
- Richard Fitz GilbertRichard Fitz GilbertRichard fitz Gilbert , was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066. He was also known as "de Bienfaite", "de Clare", and "de Tonbridge".-Biography:...
de Tonbridge, Gilbert de Bienfaite, Richard of Tunbridge - Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of UlsterRichard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of UlsterRichard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and 3rd Baron of Connaught , called The Red Earl, was one of the most powerful Irish nobles of the late 13th and early 14th centuries.-Early life:...
the Red Earl of Ulster - Richard Ulick de Burgh, 1st Lord of Clanricarde (d.1423) Richard of the Wine
- Richard Barry, 7th Earl of BarrymoreRichard Barry, 7th Earl of BarrymoreRichard Barry, 7th Earl of Barrymore was an English nobleman of Ireland, as well as an infamous rake, gambler, sportsman, theatrical enthusiast and womanizer....
Hellgate Barrymore - Richard CromwellRichard CromwellAt the same time, the officers of the New Model Army became increasingly wary about the government's commitment to the military cause. The fact that Richard Cromwell lacked military credentials grated with men who had fought on the battlefields of the English Civil War to secure their nation's...
Queen Dick - Richard Howe, 1st Earl HoweRichard Howe, 1st Earl HoweAdmiral of the Fleet Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe KG was a British naval officer, notable in particular for his service during the American War of Independence and French Revolutionary Wars. He was the brother of William Howe and George Howe.Howe joined the navy at the age of thirteen and served...
Black Dick - Richard Martin (politician) Humanity Dick
- Richard Neville, 5th Earl of SalisburyRichard Neville, 5th Earl of SalisburyRichard Neville, jure uxoris 5th Earl of Salisbury and 7th and 4th Baron Montacute, KG, PC was a Yorkist leader during the early parts of the Wars of the Roses.-Background:...
Prudence - Richard Neville, 16th Earl of WarwickRichard Neville, 16th Earl of WarwickRichard Neville KG, jure uxoris 16th Earl of Warwick and suo jure 6th Earl of Salisbury and 8th and 5th Baron Montacute , known as Warwick the Kingmaker, was an English nobleman, administrator, and military commander...
the Brave Bear http://manybooks.net/support/b/brewere/brewere1143111431-8.exp.html http://wellington15.tripod.com/adversaries.htm http://ameliefr.club.fr/E-Ney.html - Richard Talbot, 1st Earl of TyrconnelRichard Talbot, 1st Earl of TyrconnelRichard Talbot, 1st Earl of Tyrconnell PC was an Irish royalist and Jacobite soldier.-Life:The youngest of sixteen children of Sir William Talbot, 1st Baronet, of Carton, and his wife, Alison Netterville, he was descended from an old Norman family that had settled in Leinster in the twelfth century...
Mad Dick, Lying Dick Talbot - Richard de Burgh, Lord of Connacht (d.1243), Lord Lieutenant of Ireland the Great
- Richard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of ArundelRichard FitzAlan, 10th Earl of Arundel and 8th Earl of Surrey was an English nobleman and medieval military leader.- Lineage :...
Copped Hat - Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of YorkRichard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of YorkRichard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, 1st Duke of Norfolk, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Earl Marshal was the sixth child and second son of King Edward IV of England and Elizabeth Woodville. He was born in Shrewsbury....
the Lost Prince, the Prince in the Tower - Richard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl TempleRichard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl TempleRichard Grenville-Temple, 2nd Earl Temple KG, PC was a British politician. He is best known for his association with his brother-in-law William Pitt who he served with in government during Britain's participation in the Seven Years War between 1756 and 1761...
Tiddy-Doll http://www.bibliomania.com/2/3/174/1118/14734/1/frameset.html - Richard Neville, 16th Earl of WarwickRichard Neville, 16th Earl of WarwickRichard Neville KG, jure uxoris 16th Earl of Warwick and suo jure 6th Earl of Salisbury and 8th and 5th Baron Montacute , known as Warwick the Kingmaker, was an English nobleman, administrator, and military commander...
the Kingmaker, Warwick the Kingmaker , the Fat - Richard Og de Burgh, 2nd Earl of UlsterRichard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of UlsterRichard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster and 3rd Baron of Connaught , called The Red Earl, was one of the most powerful Irish nobles of the late 13th and early 14th centuries.-Early life:...
the Red - Richard Fitz GilbertRichard Fitz GilbertRichard fitz Gilbert , was a Norman lord who participated in the Norman conquest of England in 1066. He was also known as "de Bienfaite", "de Clare", and "de Tonbridge".-Biography:...
Richard de Clare - Richard CromwellRichard CromwellAt the same time, the officers of the New Model Army became increasingly wary about the government's commitment to the military cause. The fact that Richard Cromwell lacked military credentials grated with men who had fought on the battlefields of the English Civil War to secure their nation's...
Tumbledown Dick - Riderch I of Alt ClutRiderch I of Alt ClutRiderch I , commonly known as Riderch or Rhydderch Hael , was a ruler of Alt Clut and the greater region later known as Strathclyde, a Brittonic kingdom that existed on the valley of the River Clyde in Scotland during the British Sub-Roman period...
the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous - Riderch Hen, a.k.a. Rhydderch Hael, King of Strathclyde, 580–612 the Old
- Rinaldo Bonacolsi, Lord of Mantua Passerino
- Rivalon, Lord of Vitre the Vicar http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/France/Premiere_dynastie_de_Bretagne.htm
- Robert I Brus, Lord of Annandale (1103–1189/91) le Meschin
- Robert I, Count of FlandersRobert I, Count of Flandersthumb|Robert I of FlandersRobert I of Flanders , known as Robert the Frisian, was count of Flanders from 1071 to 1092.-History:...
the Frisian - Robert I, Duke of BurgundyRobert I, Duke of BurgundyRobert I Capet or Robert I of Burgundy, known as Robert the Old was duke of Burgundy between 1032 to his death...
the Landless, the Old - Robert I, Lord of Harcourt the Strong http://brinkfamily.net/tree/p137.htm#i6864http://web.genealogie.free.fr/Les_dynasties/Les_dynasties_celebres/France/Dynastie_d'Harcourt.htm
- Robert I of Naples Robert of Anjou, the Good, the Wise, the New Solomon, the Peace-maker of Italy, the Wise King Robert, the Wisest Christian of the Last Five Hundred Years http://books.google.ca/books?id=TnM1g0oKkN0C&pg=PP1&lpg=PP1&sig=ACfU3U26eiMT8FRJCxS7XfYSFyt9qyxq9Q&q=the+wisest+christian#PPA62,M1 http://faculty.ed.umuc.edu/~jmatthew/naples/angevin1.html
- Robert I of ArtoisRobert I of ArtoisRobert I , called the Good, was the first Count of Artois, the fifth son of Louis VIII of France and Blanche of Castile.-Life:...
the Good - Robert I of ScotlandRobert I of ScotlandRobert I , popularly known as Robert the Bruce , was King of Scots from March 25, 1306, until his death in 1329.His paternal ancestors were of Scoto-Norman heritage , and...
le Jovenne - Robert II of FranceRobert II of FranceRobert II , called the Pious or the Wise , was King of France from 996 until his death. The second reigning member of the House of Capet, he was born in Orléans to Hugh Capet and Adelaide of Aquitaine....
the Devout, the Pious, the Wise http://books.google.ca/books?id=3yUPAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&q=wonder+of+the+age#PPA53,M1 http://www.france-pittoresque.com/rois-france/robert-II.htm - Robert II of ScotlandRobert II of ScotlandRobert II became King of Scots in 1371 as the first monarch of the House of Stewart. He was the son of Walter Stewart, hereditary High Steward of Scotland and of Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert I and of his first wife Isabella of Mar...
the Steward - Robert II, Count of Dreux and Braine (1154–1218) the Younger
- Robert II, Count of FlandersRobert II, Count of FlandersRobert II was Count of Flanders from 1093 to 1111. He became known as Robert of Jerusalem or Robert the Crusader after his exploits in the First Crusade.-History:...
the Crusader, the Lance and Sword of Christendom, the Sword and Lance of the Christians, the Jerusalem-Farer - Robert II, Lord of Estouteville the Younger, Robert Grandbois
- Robert II, Lord of Harcourt the Valiant, the Strong
- Robert III, Count of Dreux (1185–1234) Gateble, Gasteblé
- Robert III of FlandersRobert III of FlandersRobert III of Flanders , also called Robert of Bethune and nicknamed The Lion of Flanders , was Count of Nevers 1273–1322 and Count of Flanders 1305–1322.-History:...
Robert of Bethune - Robert III de La Marck-Sedan Lord of Floranges
- Robert III of ScotlandRobert III of ScotlandRobert III was King of Scots from 1390 to his death. His given name was John Stewart, and he was known primarily as the Earl of Carrick before ascending the throne at age 53...
John of Atholl and Carrick - Robert IV, Lord of Annandale (11290–1245) the Noble
- Robert V, Lord of Bethune the Red
- Robert VI le Bruce, Earl of Carrick (1243–1304) le Veil
- Robert VII, Count of Auvergne (d.1325) the Great
- Robert, Count of Roucy, 1160–1180 the Cunning
- Robert, 1st Earl of GloucesterRobert, 1st Earl of GloucesterRobert Fitzroy, 1st Earl of Gloucester was an illegitimate son of King Henry I of England. He was called "Rufus" and occasionally "de Caen", he is also known as Robert "the Consul"...
the King's Son, Robert of Caen, the Consul - Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of LeicesterRobert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of LeicesterRobert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester, Count of Meulan was a powerful English and French nobleman, revered as one of the wisest men of his age...
le Prud'homme - Robert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of LeicesterRobert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of LeicesterRobert de Beaumont, 2nd Earl of Leicester was Justiciar of England 1155–1168.The surname "de Beaumont" is given him by genealogists. The only known contemporary surname applied to him is "Robert son of Count Robert"...
the Hunchback - Robert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of LeicesterRobert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of LeicesterRobert de Beaumont, 3rd Earl of Leicester was an English nobleman, one of the principal followers of Henry the Young King in the Revolt of 1173–1174 against his father Henry II...
the Whitehanded - Robert de Berkeley (1165–1220) the Rebellious
- Robert de Neville the Peacock of the North http://www.richard111.com/Middleham.htm
- Robert de RosRobert de RosSir Robert de Ros, or de Roos of Helmsley, , was the grandfather and ancestor of the Barons Ros of Helmsley that was created by writ in 1264. In 1215, Ros joined the confederation of the barons at Stamford...
the Surety - Robert de Vere the Surety
- Robert le Blount the Admiral http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/BLOUNT1.htm
- Robert le Bruce, 2nd Lord of Annandale (1124–1196) Meschin
- Robert of Château-du-Loir Brochard http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/prov/rober002.htm
- Robert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of ShrewsburyRobert of Bellême, 3rd Earl of ShrewsburyRobert de Bellême, 3rd Earl of Shrewsbury , also spelled Belleme or Belesme, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman, and one of the most prominent figures in the competition for the succession to England and Normandy between the sons of William the Conqueror...
Robert of Montgomery, the Devil http://freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com/~pillagoda/ch1-02.htm - Robert of France, Duke of Chartres (1840–1910) the Strong
- Robert of Harcourt, Lord of Harcourt the Brave
- Robert I of Scotland the Bruce, the Liberator of Scotland
- Robert the Magnificent the Devil, the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous, the Magnificent
- Robert the StrongRobert the StrongRobert IV the Strong , also known as Rutpert, was Margrave in Neustria. His family is named after him and called Robertians. He was first nominated by Charles the Bald missus dominicus in 853. Robert was the father of the kings Odo and Robert I of France. Robert was the great-grandfather of Hugh...
- Robert Cecil, 1st Earl of SalisburyRobert Cecil, 1st Earl of SalisburyRobert Cecil, 1st Earl of Salisbury, KG, PC was an English administrator and politician.-Life:He was the son of William Cecil, 1st Baron Burghley and Mildred Cooke...
the Little Elf, the Little Beagle - Robert Curthose Curthose (Fr. Courte-heuse) on account of his short legs
- Robert Devereux, 3rd Earl of EssexRobert Devereux, 3rd Earl of EssexRobert Devereux, 3rd Earl of Essex was an English Parliamentarian and soldier during the first half of the seventeenth century. With the start of the English Civil War in 1642 he became the first Captain-General and Chief Commander of the Parliamentarian army, also known as the Roundheads...
the Great Cuckold - Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of LeicesterRobert Dudley, 1st Earl of LeicesterRobert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester, KG was an English nobleman and the favourite and close friend of Elizabeth I from her first year on the throne until his death...
the Gypsy, Two Eyes - Robert FitzwalterRobert FitzwalterLord Robert FitzwalterAlso spelled FitzWalter, fitzWalter, etc. was the leader of the baronial opposition against King John of England, and one of the twenty-five sureties of the Magna Carta...
the Surety, the Marshal of the Army of God, and of Holy Church - Robert GuiscardRobert GuiscardRobert d'Hauteville, known as Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, from Latin Viscardus and Old French Viscart, often rendered the Resourceful, the Cunning, the Wily, the Fox, or the Weasel was a Norman adventurer conspicuous in the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily...
the Cunning, the Baron Thief - Robert Keith the Ambassador Ambassador Keith, the Ambassador
- Robert Stewart, Duke of Albany the Regent
- Robert Stewart, Viscount CastlereaghRobert Stewart, Viscount CastlereaghRobert Stewart, 2nd Marquess of Londonderry, KG, GCH, PC, PC , usually known as Lord CastlereaghThe name Castlereagh derives from the baronies of Castlereagh and Ards, in which the manors of Newtownards and Comber were located...
the Wether of Politics - Robert Umfravill, Lord of Ridlesdale, 1076 Robert with the Beard
- Robert WalpoleRobert WalpoleRobert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC , known before 1742 as Sir Robert Walpole, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain....
Robin Bluestring, the Father of Corruption, Screen-Master General, Sir Blustering - Robert Boyd, 1st Lord BoydRobert Boyd, 1st Lord BoydRobert Boyd, 1st Lord Boyd Lord Boyd, was a Scottish statesman.-Biography:Robert Boyd was knighted, and was created a Peer of Parliament by James II of Scotland at some date between 1451 and 18 July 1454 . In 1460 he was one of the Regents during the minority of James III...
the Great Lord Kilmarnock - Robert GuiscardRobert GuiscardRobert d'Hauteville, known as Guiscard, Duke of Apulia and Calabria, from Latin Viscardus and Old French Viscart, often rendered the Resourceful, the Cunning, the Wily, the Fox, or the Weasel was a Norman adventurer conspicuous in the conquest of southern Italy and Sicily...
the Resourceful - Roberto MalatestaRoberto MalatestaRoberto Malatesta was an Italian condottiero and lord of Rimini, a member of the House of Malatesta.-Biography:...
(d.1482) the Magnificent http://books.google.ca/books?id=Eok0KBk63z4C&pg=PA96&lpg=PA96&dq=parisina+malatesta&source=web&ots=y9q9IVsv2U&sig=m6FxGAX3Nf_MvUm-1XPhU2Ofbf0&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=10&ct=result - RodericRodericRuderic was the Visigothic King of Hispania for a brief period between 710 and 712. He is famous in legend as "the last king of the Goths"...
Father Maccabee, the Last of the Goths - Roderick MacKenzie, Lord of Coigach the Tutor of Kintail
- Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar el Cid Campeador'
- Rodrigo Diaz of Castile (d. after 930) el Abolmondar http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/CASTILE.htm
- Rodrigo González de LaraRodrigo González de LaraRodrigo González de Lara was a Castilian nobleman of the House of Lara. Early in his career he ruled that half of Asturias allocated to Castile. He was faithful to the crown throughout the reign of Queen Urraca , during which time he was married to the queen's half-sister and ruled a large part of...
the French - Rodrigo Fernandez de Castro the Bald http://www.bermudezdecastro.net/castro.htm http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~pmcbride/rfc/gw16.htm#I9260
- Rodrigo Íñiguez de Biedma, Lord of Ortalanca the Younger, the Young Lad http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/SPANISH%20NOBILITY%20LATER%20MEDIEVAL.htm#Alfonsodied1495Villahermosa1B
- Roger I of SicilyRoger I of SicilyRoger I , called Bosso and the Great Count, was the Norman Count of Sicily from 1071 to 1101. He was the last great leader of the Norman conquest of southern Italy.-Conquest of Calabria and Sicily:...
the Great Count http://www.norman-world.com/angleterre/histoires/medit/6/medit6_1.htm http://www.stupormundi.it/Ruggero_II.htm - Roger I, Count of Comminges (945–1011) the Old
- Roger II of SicilyRoger II of SicilyRoger II was King of Sicily, son of Roger I of Sicily and successor to his brother Simon. He began his rule as Count of Sicily in 1105, later became Duke of Apulia and Calabria , then King of Sicily...
the Great - Roger de BeaumontRoger de BeaumontRoger de Beaumont-le-Roger, Seigneur de Beaumont-le-Roger et de Pont-Audemer was son of Humphrey de Vielles and his wife Albreda de la Haye Auberie...
the Bearded - Roger de Toesny the Spaniard
- Roger of Ivry (d. after 1153) Balbosus http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/NORMAN%20NOBILITY.htm
- Roger de MontbegonRoger de MontbegonRoger de Montbegon was a landowner in northern England , Baron of Horneby, and one of the Magna Carta sureties....
the Surety - Roger of LauriaRoger of LauriaRoger of Lauria, Loria or de Llúria in Catalan , was an Sicilian-Aragonese admiral, who was the commander of the fleet of Aragon during the War of the Sicilian Vespers. He was probably the most successful and talented naval tactician of the medieval period...
the Great Captain http://www.grec.net/cgibin/dificil.pgm?USUARI=&SESSIO=&PGMORI=E&NDCHEC=0038060 - Roger the PoitevinRoger the PoitevinRoger the Poitevin was born in Normandy in the mid-1060s and died before 1140 . He was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat, who possessed large holdings in both England and through his marriage in France....
- Roger Bernard, Count of Foix, 1143–1188 the Fat
- Roger Bernard II of Foix the Great
- Roger Bigod, 2nd Earl of NorfolkRoger Bigod, 2nd Earl of NorfolkRoger Bigod was the son of Hugh Bigod, 1st Earl of Norfolk and his first wife, Juliana de Vere. Although his father died 1176 or 1177, Roger did not succeed to the earldom of Norfolk until 1189 for his claim had been disputed by his stepmother for her sons by Earl Hugh in the reign of Henry II...
the Surety - Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of OrreryRoger Boyle, 1st Earl of OrreryRoger Boyle redirects here. For others of this name, see Roger Boyle Roger Boyle, 1st Earl of Orrery was a British soldier, statesman and dramatist. He was the third surviving son of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork and Richard's second wife, Catherine Fenton. He was created Baron of Broghill on...
the Wise http://www.thepeerage.com/p3838.htm - Roger BorsaRoger BorsaRoger Borsa was the Norman Duke of Apulia and effective ruler of southern Italy from 1085 until his death. He was the son of Robert Guiscard, the conqueror of southern Italy and Sicily; Roger was not as adept as his father, and most of his reign was spent in feudal anarchy.-Biography:Roger was the...
the Purse - Rognvald, King of Hadaland Rettilbeinn
- Rognvald Kali Kolsson the Saint
- Rollo de Bec the Marshal
- Rollo of NormandyRollo of NormandyRollo , baptised Robert and so sometimes numbered Robert I to distinguish him from his descendants, was a Norse nobleman of Norwegian or Danish descent and founder and first ruler of the Viking principality in what soon became known as Normandy...
the Viking, Wend-a-Foot, the Ganger, the Walker, the Rich http://mynormandy.home.att.net/regards-mer.html http://www.robertsewell.ca/normandy.html - Roman, Prince of Tmuturakan, 1069–1079 the Red
- Roman IV, Prince of Riazan, 1258–1270 the Saint
- Roman the GreatRoman the GreatRoman Mstislavich , also Roman Mstyslavych or Roman the Great, was a Rus’ prince, Grand Prince of Kiev ....
the Autocrat of All the Russias, the Great http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Ramapp3.html - Romanus II, Byzanrine Emperor the Purple-Born, the Younger
- Romanus III, Byzantine Emperor Argyropoulos, Argyrus
- Romanus IV, Byzantine Emperor Diogenes
- Romulus AugustusRomulus AugustusRomulus Augustus , was the last Western Roman Emperor, reigning from 31 October 475 until 4 September 476...
the Tiny Augustus, Augustulus http://www.allempires.info/article/index.php?q=Month_In_History_September - Rosamund CliffordRosamund CliffordRosamund Clifford , often called "The Fair Rosamund" or the "Rose of the World", was famed for her beauty and was a mistress of King Henry II of England, famous in English folklore....
the Rose of the World, the Fair Rosamund http://manybooks.net/support/b/brewere/brewere1143111431-8.exp.html - Rosa Vercellana la Bela Rosin, Bella Rosina, mistress of Victor Emmanuel II of ItalyVictor Emmanuel II of ItalyVictor Emanuel II was king of Sardinia from 1849 and, on 17 March 1861, he assumed the title King of Italy to become the first king of a united Italy since the 6th century, a title he held until his death in 1878...
- Rostislav I of Rostov (d.1067) the Brave
- Roupen I, Lord of Taurus, 1080–1095 the Great
- Roupen II, Prince of Little Armenia, 1169–1170 the Child
- RoxelanaRoxelanaHaseki Hürrem Sultan was the wife of Süleyman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire.-Names:Sixteenth-century sources are silent as to her maiden name, but much later traditions, for example Ukrainian folk traditions first recorded in the 19th century, give it as "Anastasia" , and Polish...
the Cheerful One, the Joyous One, the Laughing One http://xenohistorian.faithweb.com/neareast/ne13.html#Selim http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/islam/empires/ottoman/roxelana.html - Rudolf I, Duke of BavariaRudolf I, Duke of BavariaRudolf I of Bavaria , a member of the Wittelsbach dynasty, was Duke of Bavaria and Count Palatine of the Rhine...
the Stammerer - Rudolf II, Duke of BavariaRudolf II, Duke of BavariaRudolf II "the blind" was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1329 to 1353....
the Blind - Rudolf II, Count of Tübingen in Herrenberg (d.1277) der Scheerer
- Rudolf III, Count of Habsburg-Laufenburg (d.1249) Schweigsame
- Rudolf VI of Baden-Pforzheim (d.1372) the Tall
- Rudolf of RheinfeldRudolf of RheinfeldRudolf of Rheinfelden was Duke of Swabia and German antiking . He was the son of Count Kuno of Rheinfelden and eventually became the alternative king or antiking for the politically oriented anti-Henry German aristocrats, whose rebellion became known as the Great Saxon Revolt...
Rudolf of Swabia - Rudolf Maccabeus
- Rudolph I of BohemiaRudolph I of BohemiaRudolf I of Habsburg was Duke of Austria and Styria from 1298 and King of Bohemia and titular King of Poland from 1306 until his death...
the Good, the Debonair - Rudolph I of GermanyRudolph I of GermanyRudolph I was King of the Romans from 1273 until his death. He played a vital role in raising the Habsburg dynasty to a leading position among the Imperial feudal dynasties...
King the Gruel - Rudolph II of Austria the Debonair
- Rudolph II, Holy Roman Emperor the Prince of Alchemy, the German Hermes Trismegistus
- Rudolph II, Count of Habsburg (d.1232) le Paisable, the Old
- Rudolph II of the Palatinate the Bold
- Rudolph III, King of Burgundy the Tall
- Rudolph III of BurgundyRudolph III of BurgundyRudolf III of Burgundy was the last King of an independent Burgundy. He was the son of Conrad, King of Burgundy, and Matilda of France...
the Lazy - Rudolph III of Tübingen-Herrenberg (d.1277) the Black
- Rudolph IV of Austria the Upright, the Generous, the Liberal, the Magnanimous, the Founder
- Rudolph, Count of Habsburg (d.1229) the Silent
- Rudolph, Duke of LorraineRudolph, Duke of LorraineRudolph , called the Valiant , was the Duke of Lorraine from 1329 to his death. He was the son and successor of Frederick IV and Elisabeth, daughter of Albert I of Germany, a Habsburg, whence his name...
the Brave - Rudolph of Baden-Baden Rudolph Hesso
- Rupert I, Elector Palatine of the RhineRupert I, Elector Palatine of the RhineRupert I, "the Red" , Elector Palatine was Count Palatine of the Rhine from 1353 to 1390....
the Red - Rupert II, Elector Palatine of the Rhine the Hard, the Stern
- Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine (1406–1426) the Englishman
- Rupert of GermanyRupert of GermanyRupert of Germany from the House of Wittelsbach was Elector Palatine from 1398 and German King from 1400 until his death...
Rupert of the Palatinate, Klem (Smith's Vise) http://history-world.org/House%20Of%20Hohenzollern.htm - RurikRurikRurik, or Riurik , was a semilegendary 9th-century Varangian who founded the Rurik dynasty which ruled Kievan Rus and later some of its successor states, most notably the Tsardom of Russia, until 1598....
the Varangian