Africa

• Ethiopia - Zauditu
  Zauditu of Ethiopia
  Zewditu was Empress of Ethiopia from 1916 to 1930. The first woman head of an internationally recognized state in Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries, she was noted for opposing the reforms of Tafari Makonnen and for her strong religious devotion.-Early...
  
  , Emperor of Ethiopia
  Emperor of Ethiopia
  The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
  
   (1916–1930)
• Liberia - Daniel E. Howard, President of Liberia (1912–1920)
• South Africa
  • Monarch - King George V
    George V of the United Kingdom
    George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
    
    , King of South Africa
    King of South Africa
    The King or Queen of South Africa was titular head of state of the Union of South Africa during the state's existence as a Dominion of the British Empire and later a Commonwealth Realm from 31 May 1910 to 31 May 1961, when the country became the Republic of South Africa...
    
     (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - Viscount Buxton, Governor-General of South Africa (1914–1920)
  • Prime Minister - Louis Botha
    Louis Botha
    Louis Botha was an Afrikaner and first Prime Minister of the Union of South Africa—the forerunner of the modern South African state...
    
    , Prime Minister of South Africa (1910–1919)
• Zanzibar - Sayyid Khalifa bin Harub Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1911–1960)

Asia

• Afghanistan - Habibullah Khan
  Habibullah Khan (Afghan king)
  Habibullah Khan was the Emir of Afghanistan from 1901 until 1919. He was born in Samarkand, Uzbekistan, the eldest son of the Emir Abdur Rahman Khan, whom he succeeded by right of primogeniture in October 1901....
  
  , King of Afghanistan (1901–1919)
• Brunei - Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
  Muhammad Jamalul Alam II
  Duli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Muhammad Jamalul Alam ibni al-Marhum Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin, KCMG was the 26th Sultan of Brunei Darussalam .He was the eldest son of Sultan Hashim Jalilul Alam Aqamaddin...
  
  , Sultan of Brunei (1906–1924)
• China
  • President -
    1. Feng Kuo-Chang, President of the Republic of China
       President of the Republic of China
       The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
       
        (1917–1918)
    2. Hsu Shih-Chang, President of the Republic of China
       President of the Republic of China
       The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
       
        (1918–1922)
  • Premier -
    1. Weng Shizhen, Acting Premier of the Republic of China
       Premier of the Republic of China
       The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
       
        (1917–1918)
    2. Duan Qirui
       Duan Qirui
       Duan Qirui was a Chinese warlord and politician, commander in the Beiyang Army, and the Provisional Chief Executive of Republic of China from November 24, 1924 to April 20, 1926. He was arguably the most powerful man in China from 1916 to 1920.- Early life :Born in Hefei as Duan Qirui , his...
       
       , Premier of the Republic of China
       Premier of the Republic of China
       The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
       
        (1918)
    3. Qian Nengxun, Premier of the Republic of China
       Premier of the Republic of China
       The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
       
        (1918–1919)
• Japan
  • Monarch - Taishō
    Emperor Taishō
    The was the 123rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession, reigning from 30 July 1912, until his death in 1926.The Emperor’s personal name was . According to Japanese customs, the emperor has no name during his reign and is only called the Emperor...
    
    , Emperor of Japan
    Emperor of Japan
    The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
    
     (1912–1926)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Terauchi Masatake
       Terauchi Masatake
       , GCB was a Japanese military officer and politician. He was a Field Marshal in the Imperial Japanese Army and the 18th Prime Minister of Japan from 9 October 1916 to 29 September 1918.-Early period:...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan
       Prime Minister of Japan
       The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
       
        (1916–1918)
    2. Hara Takashi
       Hara Takashi
       was a Japanese politician and the 19th Prime Minister of Japan from 29 September 1918 to 4 November 1921. He was also called Hara Kei informally. He was the first commoner appointed to the office of prime minister of Japan...
       
       , Prime Minister of Japan
       Prime Minister of Japan
       The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
       
        (1918–1921)
• Mongolia - Bogd Khan
  Bogd Khan
  The Bogd Khan was enthroned as the Great Khaan of Mongolia on 29 December 1911, when Outer Mongolia declared independence from the Qing Dynasty after the Xinhai Revolution. He was born in the Kham region of eastern Tibet, today's Sichuan province of the People's Republic of China...
  
  , Khan of Mongolia (1911–1924)
• Oman - Taimur Bin Faisal, Sultan of Oman
  Sultan of Oman
  -List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
  
   (1913–1932)

Australia and Oceania

• Australia -
  • Monarch - George V
    George V of the United Kingdom
    George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
    
    , King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - Ronald Munro-Ferguson, Governor-General of Australia
    Governor-General of Australia
    The Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
    
     (1914–1920)
  • Prime Minister - Billy Hughes, Prime Minister of Australia
    Prime Minister of Australia
    The Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
    
     (1915–1923)
• Tonga
  • Monarch -
  1. George Tupou II
     George Tupou II of Tonga
     Siaosi Tupou II, King of Tonga was the King of Tonga from February 18, 1893 until his death. He was officially crowned at Nukualofa, on 17 March 1893. He was also the 20th Tui Kanokupolu...
     
     , King of Tonga (1893–1918)
  2. Salote Tupou III
     Salote Tupou III of Tonga
     Sālote Mafile‘o Pilolevu Tupou III, GCMG, GCVO, GBE, DStJ , but usually named only Sālote, was Queen of Tonga from 5 April 1918 to her death in 1965.-Personal history:...
     
     , Queen of Tonga (1918–1965)
  • Prime Minister - T.P.Tu'ivakano, Prime Minister of Tonga
    Prime Minister of Tonga
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
    
    , (1912–1923)

Europe

• Albania -
  • Prime Minister -
    1. National government collapsed (1916–1918)
    2. Turhan Përmeti, (1918–1920)
• Andorra
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince - Raymond Poincaré
      Raymond Poincaré
      Raymond Poincaré was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. Poincaré was a conservative leader primarily committed to political and social stability...
      
      , President of France (1913–1920)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Joan Baptista Benlloch i Vivó, Bishop of Urgell (1907–1919)
  • First Syndic (Primer Síndic) - Josep Vilanova, First Syndic of Andorra (1918–1920)
• Austria - Karl Renner
  Karl Renner
  Karl Renner was an Austrian politician. He was born in Untertannowitz in the Austro-Hungarian Empire and died in Vienna...
  
  , Chancellor of Austria
  Chancellor of Austria
  The Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
  
   (1918–1920) (from 30 October 1918)
• Austria-Hungary (ceased to exist on 17 October 1918)
  • Monarch - Karl I
    Karl I of Austria
    Charles I of Austria or Charles IV of Hungary was the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary, the last King of Bohemia and Croatia and the last King of Galicia and Lodomeria and the last monarch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine...
    
    , Emperor of Austria
    Emperor of Austria
    The Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...
    
     and (as Charles IV) King of Hungary
    King of Hungary
    The King of Hungary was the head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1918.The style of title "Apostolic King" was confirmed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all the Kings of Hungary, so after this date the kings are referred to as "Apostolic King of...
    
     (1916–1918)
  • Minister-President of Austria
    1. Ernst Seidler von Feuchtenegg
       Ernst Seidler von Feuchtenegg
       Ernst Ritter Seidler von Feuchtenegg was an Austrian politician and statesman. He served as Minister-President of Austria from 1917 until 1918. His daughter was the actress Alma Seidler....
       
        (1917–1918)
    2. Baron Max Hussarek von Heinlein (1918)
    3. Heinrich Lammasch
       Heinrich Lammasch
       Heinrich Lammasch was an Austrian jurist. He was a professor of criminal and international law, a member of the Hague Arbitration Tribunal, and served as the last Minister-President of Austria for a few weeks in October and November 1918...
       
        (1918)
  • Minister-President of Hungary
    • Count Sándor Wekerle (1917–1918)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Albert I
    Albert I of Belgium
    Albert I reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 until 1934.-Early life:Born Albert Léopold Clément Marie Meinrad in Brussels, he was the fifth child and second son of Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, and his wife, Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen...
    
    , King of the Belgians (1909–1934)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Charles de Broqueville
     Charles de Broqueville
     Charles Marie Pierre Albert, Count de Broqueville was the 20th Prime Minister of Belgium, serving during World War I. He was born in Postel, Belgium. He was the leader of Belgium's Catholic Party, and he served as prime minister between 1911 and 1918...
     
     , Cabinet Chief (1911–1918)
  2. Gérard Cooreman
     Gérard Cooreman
     Gérard François Marie Cooreman was a Belgian Catholic Party politician.Born in Ghent, Cooreman was trained in law, and practised as a lawyer, but was more active as a businessman and financier, and became involved with Catholic social groups.In 1892 Cooreman was elected to the Belgian Senate, and...
     
     , Cabinet Chief (1918)
  3. Léon Delacroix
     Léon Delacroix
     Léon Frédéric Gustave Delacroix was a Belgian statesman. Before entering politics, he was a renowned lawyer, and served as president of the Belgian Court of Cassation from 1917 to 1918. In the context of reconstruction after World War I, he was appointed the 22nd Prime Minister and served from...
     
     , Prime Minister of Belgium (1918–1920
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian X
    Christian X of Denmark
    Christian X was King of Denmark from 1912 to 1947 and the only King of Iceland between 1918 and 1944....
    
    , King of Denmark (1912–1947)
  • Prime Minister - Carl Theodor Zahle
    Carl Theodor Zahle
    Carl Theodor Zahle , Danish lawyer and politician; prime minister of Denmark 1909-1910, 1913-1920. In 1895 he was elected member of the lower chamber of the Danish parliament, Folketinget, for Venstrereformpartiet...
    
    , Prime Minister of Denmark
    Prime Minister of Denmark
    The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
    
     (1913–1920)
• Estonia -
  • Head of Government -
    1. Konstantin Päts
       Konstantin Päts
       Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics...
       
       , Chairman of the Provisional Government of Estonia
       Estonian Provisional Government
       The Estonian Provisional Government was formed on February 24, 1918 by the Salvation Committee appointed by Maapäev the Estonian Province Assembly. The Provisional Government was led by Konstantin Päts...
       
        (1918)
    2. Konstantin Päts
       Konstantin Päts
       Konstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics...
       
       , Prime Minister
       Prime Minister of Estonia
       The Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
       
        of the Provisional Government of Estonia
       Estonian Provisional Government
       The Estonian Provisional Government was formed on February 24, 1918 by the Salvation Committee appointed by Maapäev the Estonian Province Assembly. The Provisional Government was led by Konstantin Päts...
       
        (1918–1919)
• Finland -
  • Monarch - Väinö I of Finland, King of Finland (1918) Renounced throne
  • Regent -
    1. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
       Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
       Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad , December 15, 1861 – February 29, 1944) was the third President of Finland from 1931 to 1937. Serving as a lawyer, judge, and politician in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, he played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence...
       
        (May 1918-December 1918)
    2. Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
       Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim
       Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim was the military leader of the Whites in the Finnish Civil War, Commander-in-Chief of Finland's Defence Forces during World War II, Marshal of Finland, and a Finnish statesman. He was Regent of Finland and the sixth President of Finland...
       
        (December 1918-1919)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
       Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
       Pehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad , December 15, 1861 – February 29, 1944) was the third President of Finland from 1931 to 1937. Serving as a lawyer, judge, and politician in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, he played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence...
       
       , Prime Minister of Finland
       Prime Minister of Finland
       The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
       
        (1917–1918)
    2. Juho Kusti Paasikivi
       Juho Kusti Paasikivi
       Juho Kusti Paasikivi was the seventh President of Finland . Representing the Finnish Party and the National Coalition Party, he also served as Prime Minister of Finland , and was generally an influential figure in Finnish economics and politics for over fifty years...
       
       , Prime Minister of Finland
       Prime Minister of Finland
       The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
       
        (1918)
    3. Lauri Ingman
       Lauri Ingman
       Lauri Ingman was a Finnish theologian, bishop and politician. From 1916 to 1930 he was the professor of practical theology in the University of Helsinki...
       
       , Prime Minister of Finland
       Prime Minister of Finland
       The Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
       
        (1918–1919)
• France -
  • President - Raymond Poincaré
    Raymond Poincaré
    Raymond Poincaré was a French statesman who served as Prime Minister of France on five separate occasions and as President of France from 1913 to 1920. Poincaré was a conservative leader primarily committed to political and social stability...
    
    , President of France (1913–1920)
  • Prime Minister - Georges Clemenceau
    Georges Clemenceau
    Georges Benjamin Clemenceau was a French statesman, physician and journalist. He served as the Prime Minister of France from 1906 to 1909, and again from 1917 to 1920. For nearly the final year of World War I he led France, and was one of the major voices behind the Treaty of Versailles at the...
    
    , President of the Council
    Prime Minister of France
    The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
    
     (1917–1920)
• Germany -
  • Head of State -
    1. Wilhelm II, German Emperor
       Kaiser
       Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
       
        (1888–1918)
    2. Executive Council of the Workers and Soldiers' Councils of Greater Berlin (1918)
    3. Central Council of the German Socialist Republic (1918–1919)
  • Chancellor -
    1. Count Georg von Hertling, Chancellor of Germany (1917–1918)
    2. Prince Maximilian of Baden
       Prince Maximilian of Baden
       Maximilian of Baden was a German prince and politician...
       
       , Chancellor of Germany (1918)
    3. Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .When Ebert was elected as the leader of the SPD after the death of August Bebel, the party members of the SPD were deeply divided because of the party's support for World War I. Ebert supported the Burgfrieden and...
       
       , Chancellor of Germany (1918)
    4. Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .When Ebert was elected as the leader of the SPD after the death of August Bebel, the party members of the SPD were deeply divided because of the party's support for World War I. Ebert supported the Burgfrieden and...
       
        and Hugo Haase
       Hugo Haase
       Hugo Haase was a German politician, jurist and pacifist.-Biography:Haase was born in Allenstein , Province of Prussia, the son of Jewish shoemaker and small businessman, Nathan Haase, and Pauline née Anker. He studied law in Königsberg and established himself as a lawyer...
       
       , Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissioners (1918)
    5. Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .When Ebert was elected as the leader of the SPD after the death of August Bebel, the party members of the SPD were deeply divided because of the party's support for World War I. Ebert supported the Burgfrieden and...
       
       , Chairman of the Council of People's Commissioners (1918)
    6. Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .When Ebert was elected as the leader of the SPD after the death of August Bebel, the party members of the SPD were deeply divided because of the party's support for World War I. Ebert supported the Burgfrieden and...
       
        and Philipp Scheidemann
       Philipp Scheidemann
       Philipp Scheidemann was a German Social Democratic politician, who proclaimed the Republic on 9 November 1918, and who became the second Chancellor of the Weimar Republic....
       
       , Chairmen of the Council of People's Commissioners (1918)
    7. Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert
       Friedrich Ebert was a German politician of the Social Democratic Party of Germany .When Ebert was elected as the leader of the SPD after the death of August Bebel, the party members of the SPD were deeply divided because of the party's support for World War I. Ebert supported the Burgfrieden and...
       
       , Executive Chairman of the Council of People's Commissioners (1918–1919)
  • Prussia -
    • Monarch - Wilhelm II, King of Prussia (1888–1918)
    • Minister-President -
      1. German Chancellor also served as Minister-President of Prussia
         Prime Minister of Prussia
         The office of Minister President or Prime Minister of Prussia existed in one form or another from 1702 until the dissolution of Prussia in 1947. When Prussia was an independent kingdom the Minister President or Prime Minister functioned as the King's Chief Minister and presided over the Prussian...
         
          until November 11
      2. Paul Hirsch, Minister-President of Prussia
         Prime Minister of Prussia
         The office of Minister President or Prime Minister of Prussia existed in one form or another from 1702 until the dissolution of Prussia in 1947. When Prussia was an independent kingdom the Minister President or Prime Minister functioned as the King's Chief Minister and presided over the Prussian...
         
          (1918–1920)
  • Bavaria -
  1. Ludwig III
     Ludwig III of Bavaria
     Ludwig III , was the last King of Bavaria, reigning from 1913 to 1918.-Early life:...
     
     , King of Bavaria
     King of Bavaria
     King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...
     
      (1913–1918)
  2. Kurt Eisner
     Kurt Eisner
     Kurt Eisner was a Bavarian politician and journalist. As a German socialist journalist and statesman, he organized the Socialist Revolution that overthrew the Wittelsbach monarchy in Bavaria in November 1918....
     
     , Premier of Bavaria (1918–1919)
  • Saxony -
  1. Frederick Augustus III
     Frederick Augustus III of Saxony
     This article is about King Frederick Augustus III of Saxony. For the elector Frederick Augustus III, see Frederick Augustus I of Saxony.Frederick Augustus III was the last King of Saxony and a member of the House of Wettin.Born in Dresden, Frederick Augustus was the son of King George of Saxony...
     
     , King of Saxony (1904–1918)
  2. Richard Lipinski, Minister-President of Saxony (1918–1919)
  • Württemberg - William II
    William II of Württemberg
    William II was the fourth King of Württemberg, from 6 October 1891 until the abolition of the kingdom on 30 November 1918...
    
    , King of Württemberg (1891–1918)
• Greece
  • Monarch - Alexander
    Alexander of Greece
    Alexander reigned as King of Greece from 1917 to 1920 until his unusual death as the result of sepsis contracted by being bitten by two monkeys.-Early life:...
    
    , King of the Hellenes (1917–1920)
  • Prime Minister - Eleftherios Venizelos
    Eleftherios Venizelos
    Eleftherios Venizelos was an eminent Greek revolutionary, a prominent and illustrious statesman as well as a charismatic leader in the early 20th century. Elected several times as Prime Minister of Greece and served from 1910 to 1920 and from 1928 to 1932...
    
    , Prime Minister of Greece
    Prime Minister of Greece
    The Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
    
     (1917–1920)
• Hungary (after independence)
  • Head of State -
  1. Charles IV
     Karl I of Austria
     Charles I of Austria or Charles IV of Hungary was the last ruler of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. He was the last Emperor of Austria, the last King of Hungary, the last King of Bohemia and Croatia and the last King of Galicia and Lodomeria and the last monarch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine...
     
     , King of Hungary (1918)
  2. Mihály Károlyi
     Mihály Károlyi
     Count Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly was briefly Hungary's leader in 1918-19 during a short-lived democracy...
     
     , President (1918–1919)
  • Prime Minister - Mihály Károlyi
    Mihály Károlyi
    Count Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly was briefly Hungary's leader in 1918-19 during a short-lived democracy...
    
     (1918–1919)
• Italy
  • Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele III
    Victor Emmanuel III of Italy
    Victor Emmanuel III was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy . In addition, he claimed the crowns of Ethiopia and Albania and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Albania , which were unrecognised by the Great Powers...
    
    , King of Italy
    King of Italy
    King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers of the Italian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire...
    
     (1900–1946)
  • Prime Minister - Vittorio Orlando, Prime Minister of Italy
    Prime minister of Italy
    The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
    
     (1917–1919)
• Luxembourg
  • Monarch - Marie-Adélaïde, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
    Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
    
     (1912–1919)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Léon Kauffmann, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1917-28 September 1918)
  2. Émile Reuter, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (28 September 1918-1925)
• Moldova
  • President of National Diet- Ion Inculeţ
    Ion Inculet
    Ion C. Inculeț was a Bessarabian politician and the president of the Moldavian Democratic Republic. Also, he was a minister in Romania.-Early career:...
    
     (1917–1918)
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch - Wilhelmina
    Wilhelmina of the Netherlands
    Wilhelmina was Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948. She ruled the Netherlands for fifty-eight years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I and World War II, the economic crisis of 1933, and the decline of the Netherlands as a major colonial...
    
    , Queen of the Netherlands
    Monarchy of the Netherlands
    The Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since.-Constitutional role and position of the monarch:...
    
     (1890–1948)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Pieter Cort van der Linden
     Pieter Cort van der Linden
     Pieter Wilhelm Adriaan Cort van der Linden was a Dutch politician. He served as prime minister of the Netherlands between 1913 and 1918....
     
     , Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers
     Prime Minister of the Netherlands
     The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
     
      (1913–1918)
  2. Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
     Charles Ruijs de Beerenbrouck
     Jhr. Charles Joseph Maria Ruijs de Beerenbrouck was a Dutch nobleman and Prime Minister of the Netherlands from 1918 to 1925 and again from 1929 to 1933...
     
     , Chairman of the Dutch council of ministers
     Prime Minister of the Netherlands
     The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
     
      (1918–1925, 1929–1933)
• Norway
  • Monarch - Haakon VII
    Haakon VII of Norway
    Haakon VII , known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg...
    
    , King of Norway (1905–1957)
  • Prime Minister - Gunnar Knudsen
    Gunnar Knudsen
    Gunnar Knudsen , born Aanon Gunerius Knudsen, was a Norwegian politician from the Liberal Party who had two spells as Prime Minister of Norway from 1908 to 1910 and from 1913 to 1920...
    
    , Prime Minister of Norway
    Prime Minister of Norway
    The Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
    
     (1913–1920)
• Ottoman Empire
  • Monarch - Mehmed V
    Mehmed V
    Mehmed V Reshad was the 35th Ottoman Sultan. He was the son of Sultan Abdülmecid I. He was succeeded by his half-brother Mehmed VI.-Birth:...
    
    , Sultan
    Ottoman Dynasty
    The Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan...
    
     (1909–1918)
  • Monarch - Mehmed VI
    Mehmed VI
    Mehmet VI was the 36th and last Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, reigning from 1918 to 1922...
    
    , Sultan
    Ottoman Dynasty
    The Ottoman Dynasty ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1299 to 1922, beginning with Osman I , though the dynasty was not proclaimed until Orhan Bey declared himself sultan...
    
     (1918–1922)
• Poland
  • Head of State - Józef Piłsudski, Provisional Chief of State (1918–1919)
  • Prime Minister - Jędrzej Moraczewski
    Jedrzej Moraczewski
    Jędrzej Moraczewski was a Polish socialist politician who served as first Prime Minister of Poland , from November 1918 to January 1919....
    
    , President of the Ministers (1918–1919)
• Portugal
  • President -
    1. Sidónio Pais
       Sidónio Pais
       Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais was a Portuguese politician and diplomat, the fourth President in 1918. He was known as the President-King.-Family:...
       
       , President of Portugal
       President of Portugal
       Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....
       
       , (1917–1918)
    2. João do Canto e Castro
       João do Canto e Castro
       João do Canto e Castro da Silva Antunes,, 8th marquess of Luiviada, 2nd duke of Notarmos, 22nd Lord of Guimevra, commonly known as João do Canto e Castro or just Canto e Castro was a Portuguese Marine officer and the fifth President of the Portuguese Republic from December 16, 1918 to October 5,...
       
       , President of Portugal
       President of Portugal
       Portugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....
       
        (Provisional), (1918–1919)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Sidónio Pais
       Sidónio Pais
       Sidónio Bernardino Cardoso da Silva Pais was a Portuguese politician and diplomat, the fourth President in 1918. He was known as the President-King.-Family:...
       
       , President of the Ministry
       Prime Minister of Portugal
       Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
       
        (1917–1918)
    2. João Tamagnini Barbosa
       João Tamagnini Barbosa
       João Tamagnini de Sousa Barbosa , commonly known by João Tamagnini Barbosa , or Tamagnini Barbosa, was a Portuguese military officer and politician of the Portuguese First Republic...
       
       , President of the Ministry
       Prime Minister of Portugal
       Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
       
        (1918–1919)
• Romania - King Ferdinand (1914–1927)
  1. Ion I.C. Brătianu, Prime Minister of Romania (1914–1918)
  2. Alexandru Averescu
     Alexandru Averescu
     Alexandru Averescu was a Romanian marshal and populist politician. A Romanian Armed Forces Commander during World War I, he served as Prime Minister of three separate cabinets . He first rose to prominence during the peasant's revolt of 1907, which he helped repress in violence...
     
     , Prime Minister of Romania (1918)
  3. Alexandru Marghiloman
     Alexandru Marghiloman
     Alexandru Marghiloman was a Romanian conservative statesman who served for a short time in 1918 as Prime Minister of Romania, and had a decisive role during World War I.-Early career:...
     
     , Prime Minister of Romania (1918)
  4. Constantin Coandă
     Constantin Coanda
     Constantin Coandă was a Romanian soldier and politician. He reached the rank of general in the Romanian Army, and later became mathematics professor at the National School of Bridges and Roads in Bucharest...
     
     , Prime Minister of Romania (1918)
  5. Ion I.C. Brătianu, Prime Minister of Romania (1918–1919)
• Spain
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII
    Alfonso XIII of Spain
    Alfonso XIII was King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority...
    
    , King of Spain (1886–1931)
  • Prime Minister -
  1. Manuel García Prieto
     Manuel García Prieto
     Manuel García-Prieto, 1st Marquis of Alhucemas was a Spanish politician who was prime minister several times in his life....
     
     , President of the Government
     Prime Minister of Spain
     The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
     
      (November 3, 1917 - March 22, 1918)
  2. Antonio Maura Montaner
     Antonio Maura Montaner
     Antonio Maura y Montaner was Prime Minister of Spain on five separate occasions: 5 December 1903-16 December 1904, 25 January 1907-21 October 1909, 22 March 1918-9 November 1918, 14 April 1919-20 July 1919, and 13 August 1921-8 March 1922....
     
     , President of the Government
     Prime Minister of Spain
     The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
     
      (March 22, 1918 - November 9, 1918)
  3. Manuel García Prieto
     Manuel García Prieto
     Manuel García-Prieto, 1st Marquis of Alhucemas was a Spanish politician who was prime minister several times in his life....
     
     , President of the Government
     Prime Minister of Spain
     The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
     
      (November 9, 1918 - December 5, 1918)
  4. Álvaro Figueroa Torres, President of the Government
     Prime Minister of Spain
     The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
     
      (December 5, 1918 - April 15, 1919)
• Sweden
  • Monarch - Gustaf V
    Gustaf V of Sweden
    Gustaf V was King of Sweden from 1907. He was the eldest son of King Oscar II of Sweden and Sophia of Nassau, a half-sister of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg...
    
    , King of Sweden (1907–1950)
  • Prime Minister - Nils Edén
    Nils Edén
    Nils Edén was a Swedish historian and liberal politician, Prime Minister of Sweden 1917–1920, and along with Hjalmar Branting acknowledged as co-architect of Sweden's transition from quasi-absolute monarchy to a parliamentary democracy with equal male and female suffrage.Edén was born in...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sweden
    Prime Minister of Sweden
    The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
    
     (1917–1920)
• United Kingdom -
  • Monarch - George V
    George V of the United Kingdom
    George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
    
    , King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936)
  • Prime Minister - David Lloyd George
    David Lloyd George
    David Lloyd George, 1st Earl Lloyd-George of Dwyfor OM, PC was a British Liberal politician and statesman...
    
    , Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
    
     (1916–1922)

North America and the Caribbean

• Canada
  • Monarch - King George V
    George V of the United Kingdom
    George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
    
    , King of Canada (1910–1936)
  • Governor-General - Duke of Devonshire
    Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire
    Victor Christian William Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire , known as Victor Cavendish until 1908, was a British politician who served as Governor General of Canada, the 11th since Canadian Confederation....
    
    , Governor-General of Canada (1916–1921)
  • Prime Minister - Sir Robert Borden
    Robert Borden
    Sir Robert Laird Borden, PC, GCMG, KC was a Canadian lawyer and politician. He served as the eighth Prime Minister of Canada from October 10, 1911 to July 10, 1920, and was the third Nova Scotian to hold this office...
    
    , Prime Minister of Canada
    Prime Minister of Canada
    The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
    
     (1911–1920)
• Costa Rica - Federico Tinoco Granados
  Federico Tinoco Granados
  Term of office: 27 January 1917 to13 August 1919– Preceded by:  Alfredo González– Succeeded by: Juan Bautista QuirósDate of birth: 21 November 1868Place of birth:San JoséDate of death: 7 September 1931Place of death:Paris, France...
  
  , President of Costa Rica (1917–1919)
• Cuba - Mario García Menocal
  Mario García Menocal
  Aurelio Mario García Menocal y Deop was President of Cuba, from 1913 to 1921...
  
  , President of Cuba (1913–1921)
• Haiti
  1. Philippe Sudré Dartinguenave - President of Haiti (1915–1922)
• México - Venustiano Carranza
  Venustiano Carranza
  Venustiano Carranza de la Garza, was one of the leaders of the Mexican Revolution. He ultimately became President of Mexico following the overthrow of the dictatorial Huerta regime in the summer of 1914 and during his administration the current constitution of Mexico was drafted...
  
  , President of Mexico
  President of Mexico
  The President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
  
   (1914–1920)
• Newfoundland
  • Monarch - King George V
    George V of the United Kingdom
    George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
    
    , King of Newfoundland 1910-1936}
  • Governor - Charles A. Harris, Governor of Newfoundland (1917–1922)
  • Prime Minister - William F. Lloyd
    William F. Lloyd
    Sir William Frederick Lloyd was a newspaper editor and Prime Minister of Newfoundland from 1918 to 1919....
    
    , Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1918–1919)
• United States - Woodrow Wilson
  Woodrow Wilson
  Thomas Woodrow Wilson was the 28th President of the United States, from 1913 to 1921. A leader of the Progressive Movement, he served as President of Princeton University from 1902 to 1910, and then as the Governor of New Jersey from 1911 to 1913...
  
  , President of the United States
  President of the United States
  The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
  
   (1913–1921)

South America

• Argentina - Hipólito Yrigoyen
  Hipólito Yrigoyen
  Juan Hipólito del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús Irigoyen Alem was twice President of Argentina . His activism became the prime impetus behind the obtainment of universal suffrage in Argentina in 1912...
  
  , President of Argentina
  President of Argentina
  The President of the Argentine Nation , usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. Under the national Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.Through Argentine history, the...
  
   (1916–1922)
• Brazil -
  1. Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes
     Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes
     Venceslau Brás Pereira Gomes was a Brazilian politician. Brás was born in Brasópolis , Minas Gerais State. He became governor of that state in 1909, and in 1910 he was elected vice-president under Hermes Rodrigues da Fonseca. He was elected president in 1914 and served until 1918. He declared war...
     
     , President of Brazil
     President of Brazil
     The president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces...
     
      (1914–1918)
  2. Delfim Moreira
     Delfim Moreira
     Delfim Moreira da Costa Ribeiro was a Brazilian politician. He was born in Minas Gerais state, and was elected vice-president in 1918. He assumed the presidency on November 15, 1918, due to the illness and death of former and now elect president Rodrigues Alves. However, Moreira suffered from...
     
     , Acting President of Brazil
     President of Brazil
     The president of Brazil is both the head of state and head of government of the Federative Republic of Brazil. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the Brazilian Armed Forces...
     
      (1918–1919)
• Paraguay - Manuel Franco
  Manuel Franco
  Manuel Franco was President of Paraguay. He was a model citizen and illustrious teacher.-Childhood and Youth:Doctor Manuel Franco was born in Concepción on June 9, 1871 in times of the government of Cirilo Antonio Rivarola...
  
  , President of Paraguay (1916–1919)
• Peru - José Pardo y Barreda
  José Pardo y Barreda
  José Simón Pardo y Barreda was a Peruvian politician who twice occupied the Presidency of Peru, from 1904 to 1908 and 1915 to 1919....
  
  , President of Peru (1915–1919)
• Uruguay - Feliciano Viera
  Feliciano Viera
  Feliciano Alberto Viera Borges was a Uruguayan political figure.-Background:He was a member of the Colorado Party and closely identified with the liberal former President José Batlle y Ordóñez, who long dominated Uruguayan political life...
  
  , President of Uruguay (1915–1919)
• Venezuela - Victorino Márquez Bustillos, provisional President of Venezuela (1915–1922)