List of state leaders in 1934
Encyclopedia
1933 state leaders - Events of 1934 - 1935 state leaders - State leaders by year
Africa
- Egypt - Fuad I, King of EgyptKing of EgyptKing of Egypt was the title used by the ruler of Egypt between 1922 and 1951. When the United Kingdom ended its protectorate over Egypt on 28 February 1922, Egypt's Sultan Fouad I issued a decree on 15 March 1922 whereby he adopted the title of King of Egypt...
(1922–1936) - Ethiopia - Haile Selassie, Emperor of EthiopiaEmperor of EthiopiaThe Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
(1930–1936) - Liberia - Edwin BarclayEdwin BarclayEdwin James Barclay was a Liberian politician. A member of the True Whig political party, he served as the 18th President of the country from 1930 until 1944. Under his leadership, Liberia was an ally of the United States during World War II....
, President of Liberia (1930–1944) - South Africa
- Monarch - King George VGeorge V of the United KingdomGeorge V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
, King of South AfricaKing of South AfricaThe King or Queen of South Africa was titular head of state of the Union of South Africa during the state's existence as a Dominion of the British Empire and later a Commonwealth Realm from 31 May 1910 to 31 May 1961, when the country became the Republic of South Africa...
{1910-1936} - Governor-General - Earl of Clarendon, Governor-General of South Africa, (1931–1937)
- Prime Minister - Barry Herzog, Prime Minister of South Africa (1924–1939)
- Monarch - King George V
- Zanzibar - Sayyid Khalifa bin Harub Al-Busaid, Sultan of Zanzibar (1911–1960)
Asia
- Afghanistan
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir ShahMohammed Zahir ShahMohammed Zahir Shah was the last King of Afghanistan, reigning for four decades, from 1933 until he was ousted by a coup in 1973...
, King of Afghanistan (1933–1973) - Prime Minister - Sardar Mohammad Hashim KhanSardar Mohammad Hashim KhanSardar Mohammad Hashim Khan was a political figure in Afghanistan.He was the uncle of Mohammad Zahir Shah and the elder brother of Sardar Shah Mahmud Khan and Sardar Shah Wali Khan. Hashim put into effect the policies already orchestrated by his brothers...
, Prime Minister of AfghanistanPrime Minister of AfghanistanThe Prime Minister of Afghanistan is a currently defunct post in the Afghan Government.The position was created in 1927, and was appointed by the king, mostly as an advisor, until the end of the monarchy in 1973...
(1929–1946)
- Monarch - Mohammed Zahir Shah
- Brunei - Ahmad TajuddinAhmad TajuddinDuli Yang Maha Mulia Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Akhazul Khairi Waddien ibni Almarhum Sir Sultan Mohammad Jamalul Alam II , KCMG, KBE was the 27th sultan of Brunei from September 11, 1924 until his death...
, Sultan of Brunei (1924–1950) - China
- President - Lin SenLin SenLin Sen , courtesy name Zichao , sobriquet Changren , was President of the National Government of the Republic of China from 1931 until his death.-Early life:...
, Chairman of the National GovernmentPresident of the Republic of ChinaThe President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
(1931–1943) - Premier - Wang JingweiWang JingweiWang Jingwei , alternate name Wang Zhaoming, was a Chinese politician. He was initially known as a member of the left wing of the Kuomintang , but later became increasingly anti-Communist after his efforts to collaborate with the CCP ended in political failure...
, President of the Executive YuanPremier of the Republic of ChinaThe President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
(1932–1935)
- President - Lin Sen
- Japan
- Monarch - Showa Emperor, Emperor of JapanEmperor of JapanThe Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
(1926–1989) - Prime Minister -
- Makoto SaitoSaito MakotoViscount was an admiral in the Imperial Japanese Navy, two-time Governor-General of Korea from 1919 to 1927 and from 1929 to 1931, and the 30th Prime Minister of Japan from May 26, 1932 to July 8, 1934.-Early life:...
, Prime Minister of JapanPrime Minister of JapanThe is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
(1932–1934) - Keisuke Okada, Prime Minister of JapanPrime Minister of JapanThe is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
(1934–1936)
- Makoto Saito
- Monarch - Showa Emperor, Emperor of Japan
- Manchukuo - Aisin-Gioro Puyi, Chief Executive of Manchukuo (1932–1934); Emperor of Manchukuo (1934–1945)
- Oman - Said Bin TaimurSaid bin TaimurSaid bin Taimur was the sultan of Muscat and Oman from 10 February 1932 until his overthrow on 23 July 1970. His second wife was Mazoon al-Mashani...
, Sultan of OmanSultan of Oman-List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
(1932–1970)
Australia and Oceania
- Australia
- Monarch - George VGeorge V of the United KingdomGeorge V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
, King of the British Dominions Beyond the SeasMonarchy in AustraliaThe Monarchy of Australia is a form of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign of Australia. The monarchy is a constitutional one modelled on the Westminster style of parliamentary government, incorporating features unique to the Constitution of Australia.The present monarch is...
(1910–1936) - Governor-General - Sir Isaac IsaacsIsaac IsaacsSir Isaac Alfred Isaacs GCB GCMG KC was an Australian judge and politician, was the third Chief Justice of Australia, ninth Governor-General of Australia and the first born in Australia to occupy that post. He is the only person ever to have held both positions of Chief Justice of Australia and...
, Governor-General of AustraliaGovernor-General of AustraliaThe Governor-General of the Commonwealth of Australia is the representative in Australia at federal/national level of the Australian monarch . He or she exercises the supreme executive power of the Commonwealth...
(1931–1936) - Prime Minister - Joseph LyonsJoseph LyonsJoseph Aloysius Lyons, CH was an Australian politician. He was Labor Premier of Tasmania from 1923 to 1928 and a Minister in the James Scullin government from 1929 until his resignation from the Labor Party in March 1931...
, Prime Minister of AustraliaPrime Minister of AustraliaThe Prime Minister of the Commonwealth of Australia is the highest minister of the Crown, leader of the Cabinet and Head of Her Majesty's Australian Government, holding office on commission from the Governor-General of Australia. The office of Prime Minister is, in practice, the most powerful...
(1932–1939)
- Monarch - George V
- New Zealand
- Monarch - George VGeorge V of the United KingdomGeorge V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
, King of the British Dominions Beyond the SeasMonarchy in New ZealandThe monarchy of New Zealand also referred to as The Crown in Right of New Zealand, Her Majesty in Right of New Zealand, or The Queen in Right of New Zealand is the constitutional system of government in which a hereditary monarch is the sovereign and head of state of the Realm of New Zealand,...
(1910–1936) - Governor-General - The Baron BledisloeCharles Bathurst, 1st Viscount Bledisloe-External links:*...
, Governor-General of New ZealandGovernor-General of New ZealandThe Governor-General of New Zealand is the representative of the monarch of New Zealand . The Governor-General acts as the Queen's vice-regal representative in New Zealand and is often viewed as the de facto head of state....
(1930–1935) - Prime Minister - George William ForbesGeorge William ForbesGeorge William Forbes served as the 22nd Prime Minister of New Zealand from 1930 to 1935. Few expected him to become Prime Minister when he did, and some believed him unsuitable, but he nevertheless remained in that office for five years...
, Prime Minister of New ZealandPrime Minister of New ZealandThe Prime Minister of New Zealand is New Zealand's head of government consequent on being the leader of the party or coalition with majority support in the Parliament of New Zealand...
(1930–1935)
- Monarch - George V
- Tonga
- Monarch - Salote Tupou IIISalote Tupou III of TongaSālote Mafile‘o Pilolevu Tupou III, GCMG, GCVO, GBE, DStJ , but usually named only Sālote, was Queen of Tonga from 5 April 1918 to her death in 1965.-Personal history:...
, Queen of Tonga (1918–1965) - Prime Minister - Viliami Tungi MailefihiViliami Tungi MailefihiViliami Tungī Mailefihi was a Tongan chief and consort of Queen Sālote Tupou III.He was the son of Tukuaho who was the son of Tungī Halatuituia. The line of Tungī chiefs from Tatakamotonga was descending from the then defunct Tui Haatakalaua which in that time was more or less seen as an...
, Prime Minister of TongaPrime Minister of TongaThis is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
, (1923–1941)
- Monarch - Salote Tupou III
Europe
- Albania
- Monarch - Zog IZog of AlbaniaZog I, Skanderbeg III of the Albanians , born Ahmet Muhtar Bey Zogolli, was King of the Albanians from 1928 to 1939. He was previously Prime Minister of Albania and President of Albania .-Background and early political career:...
, King of AlbaniaKing of AlbaniaWhile the medieval Angevin Kingdom of Albania was a monarchy, it did not encompass the entirety of the modern state of Albania. The latter has been a kingdom on two occasions. The first time was after it was declared independent in 1912...
(1928–1939) - Prime Minister - Pandeli EvangjeliPandeli EvangjeliPandeli Evangjeli was an Albanian politician and Prime Minister of Albania twice. He was the first Orthodox Christian to become chief of the Albanian government....
, (1930–1935)
- Monarch - Zog I
- Andorra
- Co-Princes -
- French Co-Prince - Albert LebrunAlbert LebrunAlbert François Lebrun was a French politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940. He was the last president of the Third Republic. He was a member of the center-right Democratic Republican Alliance .-Biography:...
, President of France (1932–1940) - Episcopal Co-Prince - Justí Guitart i VilardebóJustí Guitart i VilardebóJustí Guitart i Vilardebó reigned as the Bishop of Urgell and Episcopal Co-Prince of Andorra from 1920 to 1940....
, Bishop of Urgell (1920–1940)
- French Co-Prince - Albert Lebrun
- First Syndic - Pere Torres, First Syndic of Andorra (1933–1936)
- Co-Princes -
- Austria -
- President - Wilhelm MiklasWilhelm MiklasWilhelm Miklas was an Austrian politician who served as the third President of Austria, from 1928 until its annexation by Nazi Germany in the Anschluss 1938.-Early life:...
, President of AustriaPresident of AustriaThe President of Austria is the federal head of state of Austria. Though theoretically entrusted with great power by the constitution, in practice the President acts, for the most part, merely as a ceremonial figurehead...
(1928–1938) - Chancelelor -
- Engelbert DollfussEngelbert DollfussEngelbert Dollfuss was an Austrian Christian Social and Patriotic Front statesman. Serving previously as Minister for Forest and Agriculture, he ascended to Federal Chancellor in 1932 in the midst of a crisis for the conservative government...
, Chancellor of AustriaChancellor of AustriaThe Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
(1932–1934) - Kurt SchuschniggKurt SchuschniggKurt Alois Josef Johann Schuschnigg was Chancellor of the First Austrian Republic, following the assassination of his predecessor, Dr. Engelbert Dollfuss, in July 1934, until Germany’s invasion of Austria, , in March 1938...
, Chancellor of AustriaChancellor of AustriaThe Federal Chancellor is the head of government in Austria. Its deputy is the Vice-Chancellor. Before 1918, the equivalent office was the Minister-President of Austria. The Federal Chancellor is considered to be the most powerful political position in Austrian politics.-Appointment:The...
(1934–1938)
- Engelbert Dollfuss
- President - Wilhelm Miklas
- Belgium
- Monarch -
- Albert IAlbert I of BelgiumAlbert I reigned as King of the Belgians from 1909 until 1934.-Early life:Born Albert Léopold Clément Marie Meinrad in Brussels, he was the fifth child and second son of Prince Philippe, Count of Flanders, and his wife, Princess Marie of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen...
, King of the Belgians (1909–1934) - Léopold IIILeopold III of BelgiumLeopold III reigned as King of the Belgians from 1934 until 1951, when he abdicated in favour of the Heir Apparent,...
, King of the Belgians (1934–1951)
- Albert I
- Prime Minister -
- Charles de BroquevilleCharles de BroquevilleCharles Marie Pierre Albert, Count de Broqueville was the 20th Prime Minister of Belgium, serving during World War I. He was born in Postel, Belgium. He was the leader of Belgium's Catholic Party, and he served as prime minister between 1911 and 1918...
, Prime Minister of Belgium (1932–1934) - Georges TheunisGeorges TheunisGeorges Emile Léonard Theunis was the 24th Prime Minister of Belgium from 16 December 1921 to 13 May 1925 and again from 20 November 1934 to 25 March 1935. He was governor of the National Bank of Belgium from 1941 until 1944.He received a military training and was also trained as an engineer...
, Prime Minister of Belgium (1934–1935)
- Charles de Broqueville
- Monarch -
- Bulgaria
- Monarch - Boris IIIBoris III of BulgariaBoris III the Unifier, Tsar of Bulgaria , originally Boris Klemens Robert Maria Pius Ludwig Stanislaus Xaver , son of Ferdinand I, came to the throne in 1918 upon the abdication of his father, following the defeat of the Kingdom of Bulgaria during World War I...
, King of Bulgaria (1918–1943) - Prime Minister -
- Nikola MushanovNikola MushanovNikola Stoykov Mushanov was a Bulgarian liberal politician who served as Prime Minister and leader of the Democratic Party....
, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1931–1934) - Kimon Georgiev Stoyanov, Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1934–1935)
- Nikola Mushanov
- Monarch - Boris III
- Czechoslovakia
- President - Tomáš MasarykTomáš MasarykTomáš Garrigue Masaryk , sometimes called Thomas Masaryk in English, was an Austro-Hungarian and Czechoslovak politician, sociologist and philosopher, who as an eager advocate of Czechoslovak independence during World War I became the founder and first President of Czechoslovakia, also was...
, President of Czechoslovakia (1918–1935) - Prime Minister - Jan MalypetrJan MalypetrJan Malypetr was a Czechoslovakian politician.A member of the Agrarian Party, he was Minister of Interior, and Chairman of the Chamber of Deputies from 17 December 1925 to 29 October 1932 and from 5 November 1935 to 1939.Additionally, he served three terms as prime minister of Czechoslovakia:* 29...
, Prime Minister of Czechoslovakia (1932–1935)
- President - Tomáš Masaryk
- Denmark
- Monarch - Christian XChristian X of DenmarkChristian X was King of Denmark from 1912 to 1947 and the only King of Iceland between 1918 and 1944....
, King of Denmark (1912–1947) - Prime Minister - Thorvald StauningThorvald StauningThorvald August Marinus Stauning was the first social democratic Prime Minister of Denmark. He served as Prime Minister from 1924 to 1926 and again from 1929 until his death in 1942....
, Prime Minister of DenmarkPrime Minister of DenmarkThe Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
(1929–1942)
- Monarch - Christian X
- Estonia
- Head of State - Konstantin PätsKonstantin PätsKonstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics...
, Prime MinisterPrime Minister of EstoniaThe Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government of the Republic of Estonia. The prime minister is nominated by the President after appropriate consultations with the parliamentary factions and confirmed by the Parliament. In case of disagreement, the Parliament can reject the President's...
in duties of the State Elder of EstoniaState Elder of EstoniaThe Head of State of Estonia was the official title of the Estonian head of state and head of government from 1920 to 1937...
(1934–1937) - Head of Government - Konstantin PätsKonstantin PätsKonstantin Päts VR I/1 and III/1 was the most influential politician of interwar Estonia. He was one of the first Estonians to become active in politics and started an almost 40-year political rivalry with Jaan Tõnisson, first through journalism with his newspaper Teataja, later through politics...
, State Elder of EstoniaState Elder of EstoniaThe Head of State of Estonia was the official title of the Estonian head of state and head of government from 1920 to 1937...
(1933–1934)
- Head of State - Konstantin Päts
- Finland
- President - Pehr Evind SvinhufvudPehr Evind SvinhufvudPehr Evind Svinhufvud af Qvalstad , December 15, 1861 – February 29, 1944) was the third President of Finland from 1931 to 1937. Serving as a lawyer, judge, and politician in the Russian Grand Duchy of Finland, he played a major role in the movement for Finnish independence...
, President of FinlandPresident of FinlandThe President of the Republic of Finland is the nation's head of state. Under the Finnish constitution, executive power is vested in the President and the government, with the President possessing extensive powers. The President is elected directly by the people of Finland for a term of six years....
(1931–1937) - Prime Minister - Toivo Mikael KivimäkiToivo Mikael KivimäkiToivo Mikael Kivimäki , J.D., was head of the department of civil law at Helsinki University 1931–1956, Prime Minister of Finland 1932–1936, and Finland's ambassador to Berlin 1940–1944 ....
, Prime Minister of FinlandPrime Minister of FinlandThe Prime Minister is the Head of Government of Finland. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President, who is the Head of State. The current Prime Minister is Jyrki Katainen of the National Coalition Party.-Overview:...
(1932–1936)
- President - Pehr Evind Svinhufvud
- France
- President - Albert LebrunAlbert LebrunAlbert François Lebrun was a French politician, President of France from 1932 to 1940. He was the last president of the Third Republic. He was a member of the center-right Democratic Republican Alliance .-Biography:...
, President of France (1932–1940) - Prime Minister -
- Camille ChautempsCamille ChautempsCamille Chautemps was a French Radical politician of the Third Republic, three times President of the Council .-Career:Described as "intellectually bereft", Chautemps nevertheless entered politics and became Mayor of Tours in 1912, and a Radical deputy in 1919...
, President of the CouncilPrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1933–1934) - Édouard DaladierÉdouard DaladierÉdouard Daladier was a French Radical politician and the Prime Minister of France at the start of the Second World War.-Career:Daladier was born in Carpentras, Vaucluse. Later, he would become known to many as "the bull of Vaucluse" because of his thick neck and large shoulders and determined...
, President of the CouncilPrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1934) - Gaston DoumergueGaston DoumerguePierre-Paul-Henri-Gaston Doumergue was a French politician of the Third Republic.Doumergue came from a Protestant family. Beginning as a Radical, he turned more towards the political right in his old age. He served as Prime Minister from 9 December 1913 to 2 June 1914...
, President of the CouncilPrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1934) - Pierre Étienne FlandinPierre Étienne FlandinPierre Étienne Flandin was a French conservative politician of the Third Republic, leader of the Democratic Republican Alliance , and Prime Minister of France from 8 November 1934 to 31 May 1935....
, President of the CouncilPrime Minister of FranceThe Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
(1934–1935)
- Camille Chautemps
- President - Albert Lebrun
- Germany -
- Head of State -
- Paul von HindenburgPaul von HindenburgPaul Ludwig Hans Anton von Beneckendorff und von Hindenburg , known universally as Paul von Hindenburg was a Prussian-German field marshal, statesman, and politician, and served as the second President of Germany from 1925 to 1934....
, Reich PresidentReichspräsidentThe Reichspräsident was the German head of state under the Weimar constitution, which was officially in force from 1919 to 1945. In English he was usually simply referred to as the President of Germany...
(1925–1934) - Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerAdolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
, FührerFührerFührer , alternatively spelled Fuehrer in both English and German when the umlaut is not available, is a German title meaning leader or guide now most associated with Adolf Hitler, who modelled it on Benito Mussolini's title il Duce, as well as with Georg von Schönerer, whose followers also...
(1934–1945)
- Paul von Hindenburg
- Chancellor - Adolf HitlerAdolf HitlerAdolf Hitler was an Austrian-born German politician and the leader of the National Socialist German Workers Party , commonly referred to as the Nazi Party). He was Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945, and head of state from 1934 to 1945...
, Chancellor of Germany (1933–1945)
- Head of State -
- Greece
- President - Alexandros ZaimisAlexandros ZaimisAlexandros Zaimis was a former Greek Prime Minister, Minister of the Interior, Minister of Justice, and High Commissioner of Crete. He served as Prime Minister six times.-Early Life and Family:...
, President of GreecePresident of GreeceThe President of the Hellenic Republic , colloquially referred to in English as the President of Greece, is the head of state of Greece. The office of the President of the Republic was established after the Greek republic referendum, 1974 and formally by the Constitution of Greece in 1975. The...
(1929–1935) - Prime Minister - Panagis TsaldarisPanagis TsaldarisPanagis Tsaldaris was a revered conservative politician and leader for many years of the conservative People's Party in the period before World War II...
, Prime Minister of GreecePrime Minister of GreeceThe Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
(1933–1935)
- President - Alexandros Zaimis
- Hungary
- Regent - Miklós HorthyMiklós HorthyMiklós Horthy de Nagybánya was the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary during the interwar years and throughout most of World War II, serving from 1 March 1920 to 15 October 1944. Horthy was styled "His Serene Highness the Regent of the Kingdom of Hungary" .Admiral Horthy was an officer of the...
, Regent of HungaryRegent of HungaryThe Regent of Hungary was a position established in 1920 and held by Miklós Horthy until 1944.-Historical examples:On the untimely death of Albert in 1439, Hunyadi was of the volition that Hungary was best served by a warrior king and lent his support to the candidature of young King of Poland...
(1920–1944) - Prime Minister - Gyula GömbösGyula GömbösGyula Gömbös de Jákfa was the conservative prime minister of Hungary from 1932 to 1936.-Background:Gömbös was born in the Tolna County village of Murga, Hungary, which had a mixed Hungarian and ethnic German population. His father was the village schoolmaster. The family belonged to the ...
, Prime Minister of Hungary (1932–1936)
- Regent - Miklós Horthy
- Irish Free State -
- Monarch - George VGeorge V of the United KingdomGeorge V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
, King of IrelandKing of IrelandA monarchical polity has existed in Ireland during three periods of its history, finally ending in 1801. The designation King of Ireland and Queen of Ireland was used during these periods...
(1910–1936) - Governor-General - Domhnall Ua Buachalla, Governor-General of the Irish Free StateGovernor-General of the Irish Free StateThe Governor-General was the representative of the King in the 1922–1937 Irish Free State. Until 1927 he was also the agent of the British government in the Irish state. By convention the office of Governor-General was largely ceremonial...
(1932–1936) - Prime Minister - Éamon de ValeraÉamon de ValeraÉamon de Valera was one of the dominant political figures in twentieth century Ireland, serving as head of government of the Irish Free State and head of government and head of state of Ireland...
, President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free StatePresident of the Executive Council of the Irish Free StateThe President of the Executive Council of the Irish Free State was the head of government or prime minister of the Irish Free State which existed from 1922 to 1937...
(1932–1937)
- Monarch - George V
- Italy -
- Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele IIIVictor Emmanuel III of ItalyVictor Emmanuel III was a member of the House of Savoy and King of Italy . In addition, he claimed the crowns of Ethiopia and Albania and claimed the titles Emperor of Ethiopia and King of Albania , which were unrecognised by the Great Powers...
, King of ItalyKing of ItalyKing of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers of the Italian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire...
(1900–1946) - Prime Minister - Benito MussoliniBenito MussoliniBenito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini was an Italian politician who led the National Fascist Party and is credited with being one of the key figures in the creation of Fascism....
, Prime Minister of ItalyPrime minister of ItalyThe Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
(1922–1943)
- Monarch - Vittorio Emanuele III
- Latvia
- President - Alberts KviesisAlberts KviesisAlberts Kviesis was a Latvian politician and the third President of Latvia.Alberts Kviesis was born in Kalnamuiža parish. Having received his primary education from his parents, he thereafter finished the Jelgava Gymnasium and from 1902 studied law at the Tartu University, from where he...
, President of Latvia (1930–1936) - Prime Minister -
- Ādolfs BļodnieksAdolfs BlodnieksĀdolfs Bļodnieks held the office of Prime Minister of Latvia from 24 March 1933 – 16 March 1934, for the New Farmers' Party.-References:...
, Prime Minister of LatviaPrime Minister of LatviaThe Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
(1933–1934) - Kārlis UlmanisKarlis UlmanisKārlis Augusts Vilhelms Ulmanis was a prominent Latvian politician in pre-World War II Latvia during the Latvian period of independence from 1918 to 1940.- Education and early career :Ulmanis studied agriculture at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich and...
, Prime Minister of LatviaPrime Minister of LatviaThe Prime Minister of Latvia is the most powerful member of the Government of the Republic of Latvia, and presides over the Latvian Cabinet of Ministers...
(1934–1940)
- Ādolfs Bļodnieks
- President - Alberts Kviesis
- Liechtenstein -
- Monarch - Franz I, Prince of Liechtenstein (1929–1938)
- Head of Government - Josef Hoop, Head of Government (1928–1945)
- Lithuania
- President - Antanas SmetonaAntanas SmetonaAntanas Smetona was one of the most important Lithuanian political figures between World War I and World War II. He served as the first President of Lithuania from April 4, 1919 to June 19, 1920. He again served as the last President of the country from December 19, 1926 to June 15, 1940, before...
, President of Lithuania (1926–1940) - Prime Minister - Juozas TubelisJuozas TubelisJuozas Tūbelis was a Lithuanian politician, Prime Minister and member and chairman of the Lithuanian Nationalists Union....
, Prime Minister of LithuaniaPrime Minister of LithuaniaThe Prime Minister of Lithuania is the head of the executive arm of Lithuania's government, and is chosen by the Lithuanian parliament, the Seimas. The modern office of Prime Minister was established in 1990, although the official title was "Chairperson of the Council of Ministers" until 25...
(1929–1938)
- President - Antanas Smetona
- Luxembourg
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of LuxembourgGrand Duke of LuxembourgThe Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
(1919–1964) - Prime Minister - Joseph Bech, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1926–1937)
- Monarch - Charlotte, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
- Netherlands
- Monarch - WilhelminaWilhelmina of the NetherlandsWilhelmina was Queen regnant of the Kingdom of the Netherlands from 1890 to 1948. She ruled the Netherlands for fifty-eight years, longer than any other Dutch monarch. Her reign saw World War I and World War II, the economic crisis of 1933, and the decline of the Netherlands as a major colonial...
, Queen of the NetherlandsMonarchy of the NetherlandsThe Netherlands has been an independent monarchy since 16 March 1815, and has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau since.-Constitutional role and position of the monarch:...
(1890–1948) - Prime Minister - Hendrik ColijnHendrikus ColijnHendrikus Colijn was a successful Dutch soldier, businessman and politician.-Early life:He was born in 1869 in the Haarlemmermeer to Antonie Colijn and Anna Verkuil, who had migrated to the Haarlemmermeer polder from the Land of Heusden and Altena for religious reasons...
, Chairman of the Dutch council of ministersPrime Minister of the NetherlandsThe Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
(1925–1926, 1933–1939)
- Monarch - Wilhelmina
- Norway
- Monarch - Haakon VIIHaakon VII of NorwayHaakon VII , known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg...
, King of Norway (1905–1957) - Prime Minister - Johan Ludwig MowinckelJohan Ludwig MowinckelJohan Ludwig Mowinckel was a Norwegian political figure representing Venstre, the social liberal party. He served as Prime Minister of Norway between 1924 and 1926, again from 1928 until 1931, and finally between 1933 and 1935.Born in Bergen, he founded the shipping company A/S J. Ludwig...
, Prime Minister of NorwayPrime Minister of NorwayThe Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
(1933–1935)
- Monarch - Haakon VII
- Poland
- President - Ignacy MościckiIgnacy MoscickiIgnacy Mościcki was a Polish chemist, politician, and President of Poland . He was the longest-serving President of Poland .-Life:...
, President of Poland (1926–1939) - Prime Minister -
- Janusz JędrzejewiczJanusz JedrzejewiczJanusz Jędrzejewicz was a Polish politician and educator, a leader of the Sanacja political group, and Prime Minister of Poland from 1933 to 1934.-Life:...
, Prime Minister of Poland (1933–1934) - Leon Kozłowski, Prime Minister of Poland (1934–1935)
- Janusz Jędrzejewicz
- de facto ruler - Józef Piłsudski (1926–1935)
- President - Ignacy Mościcki
- Portugal
- President - António Óscar Carmona, President of PortugalPresident of PortugalPortugal has been a republic since 1910, and since that time the head of state has been the president, whose official title is President of the Portuguese Republic ....
(1926–1951) - Prime Minister - António de Oliveira SalazarAntónio de Oliveira SalazarAntónio de Oliveira Salazar, GColIH, GCTE, GCSE served as the Prime Minister of Portugal from 1932 to 1968. He also served as acting President of the Republic briefly in 1951. He founded and led the Estado Novo , the authoritarian, right-wing government that presided over and controlled Portugal...
, President of the Council of MinistersPrime Minister of PortugalPrime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
(1932–1968)
- President - António Óscar Carmona, President of Portugal
- Romania
- Monarch - Carol IICarol II of RomaniaCarol II reigned as King of Romania from 8 June 1930 until 6 September 1940. Eldest son of Ferdinand, King of Romania, and his wife, Queen Marie, a daughter of Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh, the second eldest son of Queen Victoria...
, King of RomaniaKing of RomaniaKing of the Romanians , rather than King of Romania , was the official title of the ruler of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed a republic....
(1930–1940) - Prime Minister -
- Constantin Angelescu, Prime Minister of RomaniaPrime Minister of RomaniaThe Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
(1933–1934) - Gheorghe TătărescuGheorghe TatarescuGheorghe I. Tătărescu was a Romanian politician who served twice as Prime Minister of Romania , three times as Minister of Foreign Affairs , and once as Minister of War...
, Prime Minister of RomaniaPrime Minister of RomaniaThe Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
(1934–1937)
- Constantin Angelescu, Prime Minister of Romania
- Monarch - Carol II
- Spain
- President - Niceto Alcalá Zamora, President of SpainPresident of SpainToday, Spain is a constitutional monarchy. King Juan Carlos I, the current monarch, is Head of State. The Head of Government has the official title of President of the Government....
(1931–1936) - Prime Minister -
- Alejandro Lerroux García, President of the GovernmentPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1933–1934) - Ricardo Samper Ibáñez, President of the GovernmentPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1934) - Alejandro Lerroux García, President of the GovernmentPrime Minister of SpainThe President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
(1934–1935)
- Alejandro Lerroux García, President of the Government
- President - Niceto Alcalá Zamora, President of Spain
- Sweden
- Monarch - Gustaf VGustaf V of SwedenGustaf V was King of Sweden from 1907. He was the eldest son of King Oscar II of Sweden and Sophia of Nassau, a half-sister of Adolphe, Grand Duke of Luxembourg...
, King of Sweden (1907–1950) - Prime Minister - Per Albin HanssonPer Albin HanssonPer Albin Hansson , was a Swedish politician, chairman of the Social Democrats from 1925 and two-time Prime Minister in four governments between 1932 and 1946, governing all that period save for a short-lived crisis in the summer of 1936, which he ended by forming a coalition government with his...
, Prime Minister of SwedenPrime Minister of SwedenThe Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
(1932–1936)
- Monarch - Gustaf V
- Switzerland
- President - Marcel Pilet-GolazMarcel Pilet-GolazMarcel Pilet-Golaz was a Swiss politician.He was elected to the Swiss Federal Council on December 13, 1928 and handed over office on December 31, 1944...
, President of the Swiss Confederation (1934)
- President - Marcel Pilet-Golaz
- Turkey
- President - Mustafa Kemal AtatürkMustafa Kemal AtatürkMustafa Kemal Atatürk was an Ottoman and Turkish army officer, revolutionary statesman, writer, and the first President of Turkey. He is credited with being the founder of the Republic of Turkey....
, President of Turkey (1923–1938) - Prime Minister - İsmet İnönüIsmet InönüMustafa İsmet İnönü was a Turkish Army General, Prime Minister and the second President of Turkey. In 1938, the Republican People's Party gave him the title of "Milli Şef" .-Family and early life:...
, Prime Minister of TurkeyPrime Minister of TurkeyThe Prime Minister of the Turkey is the head of government in Turkish politics. The prime minister is the leader of a political coalition in the Turkish parliament and the leader of the cabinet....
(1925–1937)
- President - Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
- Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
- Head of State - Central Executive Committee (1922–1938)
- Premier - Vyacheslav MolotovVyacheslav MolotovVyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov was a Soviet politician and diplomat, an Old Bolshevik and a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protégé of Joseph Stalin, to 1957, when he was dismissed from the Presidium of the Central Committee by Nikita Khrushchev...
, Chairman of the Council of People's CommissarsPremier of the Soviet UnionThe office of Premier of the Soviet Union was synonymous with head of government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics . Twelve individuals have been premier... - Communist Party Leader - Joseph StalinJoseph StalinJoseph Vissarionovich Stalin was the Premier of the Soviet Union from 6 May 1941 to 5 March 1953. He was among the Bolshevik revolutionaries who brought about the October Revolution and had held the position of first General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union's Central Committee...
, General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGeneral Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet UnionGeneral Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was the title given to the leader of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. With some exceptions, the office was synonymous with leader of the Soviet Union...
(1922–1953)
- United Kingdom
- Monarch - George VGeorge V of the United KingdomGeorge V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
, King of the United Kingdom (1910–1936) - Prime Minister - Ramsay MacDonaldRamsay MacDonaldJames Ramsay MacDonald, PC, FRS was a British politician who was the first ever Labour Prime Minister, leading a minority government for two terms....
, Prime Minister of the United KingdomPrime Minister of the United KingdomThe Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
(1929–1935)
- Monarch - George V
- Vatican City
- Pope - Pius XIPope Pius XIPope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was Pope from 6 February 1922, and sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 until his death on 10 February 1939...
, Bishop of Rome (1929–1939) - Secretary of State - Eugenio Cardinal Pacelli, Cardinal Secretary of StateCardinal Secretary of StateThe Cardinal Secretary of State—officially Secretary of State of His Holiness The Pope—presides over the Holy See, usually known as the "Vatican", Secretariat of State, which is the oldest and most important dicastery of the Roman Curia...
(1930–1939)
- Pope - Pius XI
- Yugoslavia
- Monarch -
- AlexanderAlexander I of YugoslaviaAlexander I , also known as Alexander the Unifier was the first king of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia as well as the last king of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes .-Childhood:...
, King of YugoslaviaKingdom of YugoslaviaThe Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a state stretching from the Western Balkans to Central Europe which existed during the often-tumultuous interwar era of 1918–1941...
(1921–1934) - Peter IIPeter II of YugoslaviaPeter II, also known as Peter II Karađorđević , was the third and last King of Yugoslavia...
, King of YugoslaviaKingdom of YugoslaviaThe Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a state stretching from the Western Balkans to Central Europe which existed during the often-tumultuous interwar era of 1918–1941...
(1934–1945)
- Alexander
- Regent - Prince PaulPrince Paul of YugoslaviaPrince Paul of Yugoslavia, also known as Paul Karađorđević , was Regent of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia during the minority of King Peter II. Peter was the eldest son of his first cousin Alexander I...
, Regent of Yugoslavia (1934–1941) - Prime Minister -
- Milan Srskic, Prime Minister of YugoslaviaPrime Minister of YugoslaviaThe Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...
(1932–1934) - Nikola UzunovicNikola UzunovicNikola Uzunović was a Serbian politician. He served as Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from April 8, 1926 until April 17, 1927 and from January 1934 to December 1934....
, Prime Minister of YugoslaviaPrime Minister of YugoslaviaThe Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...
(1934) - Bogoljub JevtićBogoljub JevticBogoljub Jevtić was a Serbian diplomat and politician in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia.He was plenipotentiary minister of Yugoslavia in Albania, Austria and Hungary...
, Prime Minister of YugoslaviaPrime Minister of YugoslaviaThe Prime Minister or the President of the Federal Executive Council of Yugoslavia was the head of government of the Yugoslav state, from the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in 1918 until the end of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia in 1992.-Kingdom of...
(1934–1935)
- Milan Srskic, Prime Minister of Yugoslavia
- Monarch -
North America and the Caribbean
- Canada
- Monarch - George VGeorge V of the United KingdomGeorge V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
, King of CanadaMonarchy in CanadaThe monarchy of Canada is the core of both Canada's federalism and its Westminster-style parliamentary democracy, being the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of the Canadian government and each provincial government...
(1910–1936) - Governor General - Earl of BessboroughVere Ponsonby, 9th Earl of BessboroughCaptain Vere Brabazon Ponsonby, 9th Earl of Bessborough was a British businessman and politician who served as Governor General of Canada, the 14th since Canadian Confederation....
, Governor General of Canada (1931–1935) - Prime Minister - R.B. Bennett, Prime Minister of Canada (1930–1935)
- Monarch - George V
- Costa Rica - Ricardo Jiménez OreamunoRicardo Jiménez OreamunoRomualdo Ricardo Jiménez Oreamuno served as president of Costa Rica on three separate occasions: 1910 to 1914, 1924 to 1928, and 1932 to 1936.One of the most well known lawyers in Costa Rican history and a University of Santo Tomás graduate...
, President of Costa Rica (1932–1936) - Cuba
- Ramón GrauRamón GrauDr. Ramón Grau San Martín was a Cuban physician and the President of Cuba .-Youth:...
, President of Cuba (1933–1934) - Carlos HeviaCarlos HeviaCarlos Hevia y Reyes-Gavilan was the President of Cuba, serving for less than three days. During the third week of 1934, Hevia was President from 5:00 p.m. on Monday, January 15, until 1:20 a.m. on Thursday, January 18. Cuban junta leader Fulgencio Batista had obtained the resignation of Hevia's...
, provisional President of Cuba (1934) - Carlos MendietaCarlos MendietaCarlos Mendieta y Montefur was a Cuban politician and Provisional President of Cuba.A chief opponent of Gerardo Machado, Mendieta was installed as provisional President of Cuba in 1934 by a coup led by Fulgencio Batista. During his presidency, women gained the right to vote and the Platt Amendment...
, provisional President of Cuba (1934–1935)
- Ramón Grau
- Haiti - Sténio VincentSténio VincentSténio Joseph Vincent was President of Haiti from November 18, 1930 to May 15, 1941.In October 1930 Haitians chose a national assembly for the first time since 1918, which elected Vincent as President of Haiti...
, President of Haiti (1930–1941) - México
- President -
- Abelardo Rodríguez, President of MexicoPresident of MexicoThe President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
(1932–1934) - Lázaro CárdenasLázaro CárdenasLázaro Cárdenas del Río was President of Mexico from 1934 to 1940.-Early life:Lázaro Cárdenas was born on May 21, 1895 in a lower-middle class family in the village of Jiquilpan, Michoacán. He supported his family from age 16 after the death of his father...
, President of MexicoPresident of MexicoThe President of the United Mexican States is the head of state and government of Mexico. Under the Constitution, the president is also the Supreme Commander of the Mexican armed forces...
(1934–1940)
- Abelardo Rodríguez, President of Mexico
- President -
- Newfoundland
- Monarch - King George VGeorge V of the United KingdomGeorge V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936....
, King of the British Dominions Beyond the SeasMonarchy in Newfoundland and LabradorBy the arrangements of the Canadian federation, the Canadian monarchy operates in Newfoundland and Labrador as the core of the province's Westminster-style parliamentary democracy...
{1910-1936} - Governor - David Murray AndersonDavid Murray AndersonAdmiral Sir David Murray Anderson KCB, KCMG, MVO was a naval officer and governor. Anderson served in the Royal Navy from the age of 13 and served in many Colonial wars and was given various Empire postings, rising to the rank of Admiral in 1931...
, Governor of Newfoundland (1933–1934) - Prime Minister - Frederick C. AlderdiceFrederick C. AlderdiceFrederick Charles Alderdice was a businessman, politician and the last Prime Minister of Newfoundland. A prominent St...
, Prime Minister of Newfoundland (1932–1934)
- Monarch - King George V
- United States - Franklin Roosevelt, President of the United StatesPresident of the United StatesThe President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
(1933–1945)
South America
- Argentina - Agustín Pedro JustoAgustín Pedro JustoGeneral Agustín Pedro Justo Rolón was President of Argentina from February 20, 1932, to February 20, 1938...
, President of Argentina (1932–1938) - Bolivia
- Daniel SalamancaDaniel Salamanca UreyDaniel Domingo Salamanca Urey was President of Bolivia from March 5, 1931 until he was overthrown in a coup d'état on November 27, 1934, during the country's disastrous Chaco War with Paraguay.-Political career:...
, President of BoliviaPresident of BoliviaThe President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
(1931–1934) - José Luis Tejada SorzanoJosé Luis Tejada SorzanoJosé Luis Tejada Sorzano was a Bolivian lawyer and politician appointed by the military as president of Bolivia during the Chaco War...
, President of BoliviaPresident of BoliviaThe President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
(1934–1936)
- Daniel Salamanca
- Brazil - Getúlio VargasGetúlio VargasGetúlio Dornelles Vargas served as President of Brazil, first as dictator, from 1930 to 1945, and in a democratically elected term from 1951 until his suicide in 1954. Vargas led Brazil for 18 years, the most for any President, and second in Brazilian history to Emperor Pedro II...
, President of Brazil (1930–1945) - Paraguay - Eusebio AyalaEusebio AyalaEusebio Ayala was President of Paraguay from 7 November 1921 to 12 April 1923 and again from 15 August 1932 to 17 February 1936. He was a member of the Liberal Party. He was overthrown by Rafael Franco.- His Life :...
, President of ParaguayPresident of ParaguayThe President of Paraguay is according to the Paraguayan Constitution the Chief of the Executive branch of the Government of Paraguay...
(1932–1936) - Peru - Oscar R. BenavidesÓscar R. BenavidesÓscar Raymundo Benavides Larrea , prominent Peruvian field marshal, diplomat and politician, and was the President of Peru from 1914 to 1915 and from 1933 to 1939.- Early life :...
, President of Peru (1933–1939) - Uruguay - Gabriel TerraGabriel TerraDr. Gabriel Terra Leivas was the President of Uruguay from 1931 to 1938.- Background :Born in Montevideo to a wealthy family, he graduated from the University of Uruguay in 1895, and subsequently joined the faculty....
, President of Uruguay (1931–1938) - Venezuela - Juan Vicente GómezJuan Vicente GómezJuan Vicente Gómez Chacón was a military general and de facto ruler of Venezuela from 1908 until his death in 1935. He was president on three occasions during this time, and ruled as an unelected military strongman for the rest of the era.-Early years:Gómez was a barely literate cattle herder and...
, President of Venezuela (1931–1935)