Marko Car
Encyclopedia
Marko Car (born Herceg Novi
, Austrian Empire
, 30 August 1859 - died Belgrade
, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
, 1 December 1953) was a Serbian
writer, politician and activist from the Bay of Kotor
. He was a polyglot, translating from Italian and French into Serbo-Croatian and an aesthetic essayist, writing numerous poems, critics, novels, narratives, essays and travel reports. During his age, he wrote for many newspapers and magazines.
, then a part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia
province of the Austrian Empire
. He received his basic education in the local Italian
popular school, after which he moved to Kotor
and finished the classical gymnasium.
in 1879, entering political life by joining the Serb People's Party (Dalmatia)
of Sava Bjelanović
(whose biography he later wrote and published in Dubrovnik
's Serb Press in 1911) which fought for the defense of national interests of the Serb people in the wake of the Croatian
national movement. He worked in the Dalmatian Diet
from 1884 to 1918. He was the editor of the Zadar magazine "The Wolf" (Vuk) that was being published in 1884.
When the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created, he moved to the new monarchy's capital of Belgrade
in 1919. The mid-war period he had spent working for the Yugoslavian Ministry of Education as the Inspector of the Artist division until retirement. Car is the founder of the Society of Serbian Writers in Belgrade, being its first President. He then received his membership in the Serbian Royal Academy
, later known as the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and also membership in the Matica srpska
in Novi Sad
. He was also for one time a President of the Serbian Literary Community.
After the April war and the Nazi occupation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941, he fled to Italy
across Zadar. After the war ended and the Communist Partisans won in 1945, he returned to Belgrade where he spent the rest of his life.
He became famous as a writer for his work in 1883 Za kišljive dnevi (During the Rainy Days).
He worked for the Matica srpska in Dubrovnik, his works being published in the Serbian Dubrovnik Printing Press.
to the countryside of his birth and he was buried in the Savina Monastery.
, which he had claimed was occurring in the Bocca. His movement didn't have significant impact outside his native Dalmatia
n coastland, but in there a significant number of Catholics converted to Orthodox Christians considering it a confirmation of their Serbian national identity and affiliation.
, 1899):
Herceg Novi
Herceg Novi is a coastal town in Montenegro located at the entrance to the Bay of Kotor and at the foot of Mount Orjen. It is the administrative center of the Herceg Novi Municipality with around 33,000 inhabitants...
, Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
, 30 August 1859 - died Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
, Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
, 1 December 1953) was a Serbian
Serbs
The Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
writer, politician and activist from the Bay of Kotor
Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor in south-western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic Sea. The bay, sometimes called Europe's southernmost fjord, is in fact a submerged river canyon of the disintegrated Bokelj River which used to run from the high mountain plateaus of Mount Orjen...
. He was a polyglot, translating from Italian and French into Serbo-Croatian and an aesthetic essayist, writing numerous poems, critics, novels, narratives, essays and travel reports. During his age, he wrote for many newspapers and magazines.
Early life
Marko Car was born in 1859 in the town of Herceg-Novi in the Bay of KotorBay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor in south-western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic Sea. The bay, sometimes called Europe's southernmost fjord, is in fact a submerged river canyon of the disintegrated Bokelj River which used to run from the high mountain plateaus of Mount Orjen...
, then a part of the Kingdom of Dalmatia
Kingdom of Dalmatia
The Kingdom of Dalmatia was an administrative division of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1815 to 1918. Its capital was Zadar.-History:...
province of the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
. He received his basic education in the local Italian
Italian language
Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...
popular school, after which he moved to Kotor
Kotor
Kotor is a coastal city in Montenegro. It is located in a secluded part of the Gulf of Kotor. The city has a population of 13,510 and is the administrative center of the municipality....
and finished the classical gymnasium.
High life
Then he moved to the province's capital of ZadarZadar
Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
in 1879, entering political life by joining the Serb People's Party (Dalmatia)
Serb People's Party (Dalmatia)
Serb People's Party was an ethnic Serb political party in the Kingdom of Dalmatia during the time of Austria-Hungary.Following the Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1876, the People's Party was in power. In 1878, led by Sava Bjelanović, the Serb members of the party left and founded the Serb Party...
of Sava Bjelanović
Sava Bjelanovic
Sava Bjelanović was an Adriatic Serbian writer and politician, the leader of the coastal Serb Party and the most prominent Dalmatian Serb of the 19th century....
(whose biography he later wrote and published in Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik
Dubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
's Serb Press in 1911) which fought for the defense of national interests of the Serb people in the wake of the Croatian
Croats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
national movement. He worked in the Dalmatian Diet
Parliament of Dalmatia
The Diet of Dalmatia was the regional assembly of the Kingdom of Dalmatia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire...
from 1884 to 1918. He was the editor of the Zadar magazine "The Wolf" (Vuk) that was being published in 1884.
When the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes was created, he moved to the new monarchy's capital of Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
in 1919. The mid-war period he had spent working for the Yugoslavian Ministry of Education as the Inspector of the Artist division until retirement. Car is the founder of the Society of Serbian Writers in Belgrade, being its first President. He then received his membership in the Serbian Royal Academy
Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
The Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts is the most prominent academic institution in Serbia today...
, later known as the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, and also membership in the Matica srpska
Matica srpska
The Matica srpska is the oldest cultural-scientific institution of Serbia. Matica srpska was founded in 1826 in Budapest and moved to Novi Sad in 1864....
in Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
. He was also for one time a President of the Serbian Literary Community.
After the April war and the Nazi occupation of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in 1941, he fled to Italy
Italy
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
across Zadar. After the war ended and the Communist Partisans won in 1945, he returned to Belgrade where he spent the rest of his life.
He became famous as a writer for his work in 1883 Za kišljive dnevi (During the Rainy Days).
He worked for the Matica srpska in Dubrovnik, his works being published in the Serbian Dubrovnik Printing Press.
Death
He passed away in 1953 in the Yugoslav and Serbian capital of Belgrade. His remains were moved to MontenegroMontenegro
Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
to the countryside of his birth and he was buried in the Savina Monastery.
Religious & national beliefs
Although born a Roman Catholic Christian, he converted before death to Eastern Orthodoxy, claiming that that was the only way to save the Catholic-Serb community from extinction and avoid assimilation into CroatsCroats
Croats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
, which he had claimed was occurring in the Bocca. His movement didn't have significant impact outside his native Dalmatia
Dalmatia
Dalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
n coastland, but in there a significant number of Catholics converted to Orthodox Christians considering it a confirmation of their Serbian national identity and affiliation.
Legacy
A street in Herceg Novi's Old City bears his name in his honor. In it is also a bust raised in his honor by Peter Palaviccini not long after Car's death.Quotes
Marko Car on Boka kotorska, in the "Niz rodno Primorje" (Slike i utisci s Jadrana, MostarMostar
Mostar is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the largest and one of the most important cities in the Herzegovina region and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva river and is the fifth-largest city in the country...
, 1899):
Works
- Venecija
- U Latinima
- Moje simpatije
- Od Jadrana do Balkana
- Niz rodno primorje
- S bojnog i ljubabnog polja
- Sava Bjelanović
- Estetička pisma
- Ogledala i predavanja
- Eseji
- Jedan zaboravljeni pesnik mora