Minuscule 13
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 13 ε 368 (Soden), is a Greek minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on a parchment, dated to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose. The text of the manuscript is important for the textual critic. It has marginalia
and was adapted for liturgical use.
s on 170 parchment leaves , with some lacunae
(Matt
1:1-2:20; 26:33-52; 27:26-28:9; Mark
1:20-45; John
16:19-17:11; 21:2-25). The text is written in two columns per page, 28-30 lines per page, in minuscule letters.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
(in Mark 234 sections, the last in 16:9). It has no references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (fro liturgical use), Synaxarion, Menologion, and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. In subscriptions are given numbers of ρηματα, and numbers of στιχοι
. According to subscriptions the Gospel of Matthew was written in Hebrew, Mark in Latin and Luke in Greek.
According to Ferrar
it has 1523 errors of itacisms
and another errors, but not more than in other manuscripts of that time. Letter ο is frequently written for ω
, ου is once written for υ (in Matthew 25:9).
The text of Adultery pericopa (John 7:53–8:11) follows after Luke
21:38. The text of Matthew 16:2b–3 (signs of the times) is omitted. Luke 22:43-44
(Christ's agony at Gethsemane) is placed after Matthew 26:39.
. It belongs to the textual family known as family 13
, or Ferrar group. It was confirmed by the Claremont Profile Method. According to Kurt
and Barbara Aland
it agrees 150 times with the Byzantine text against the original, 31 times with original against the Byzantine, and 71 it agrees with both. It has also 54 independent or distinctive readings. Alands placed text of the codex in Category III.
The manuscripts of the Ferrar group were derived from an uncial ancestor once located in southern Italy (Calabria
) or Sicily
in the 7th century.
It was collated in 1868 by W. H. Ferrar
, and published posthumously by T. K. Abbott
in the book A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels
. Ferrar regarded codices 13, 69
, 124
, 346
as transcripts of the same one archetype.
In Matthew 1:16 it has the same textual reading as Codex Koridethi
, Curetonian Syriac
, and rest of the manuscripts of the Ferrar Family.
In John 12:5 it reads διακοσιων for τριακοσιων along with other manuscripts of the family 13 and 1424;
or Sicilia. Currently the manuscript is dated by the INTF
on the palaeographical
ground to the 13th century.
It was in private hands, and belonged to Peter Teller, like codices 10
, 11
. It was used by Kuster's
in his edition of Mill's
Novum Testamentum (Paris 6).
It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein
, who gave for it number 13. This number is still in usage.
It was examined and described by Wettstein
, Griesbach
, Birch
, Paulin Martin
, W. H. Ferrar, and J. Rendel Harris
, Kirsopp Lake
, and many other palaeographers and textual critics. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1884.
Griesbach high esteemed the text of this manuscript.
The codex is located now at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
(Gr. 50) at Paris
.
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on a parchment, dated to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose. The text of the manuscript is important for the textual critic. It has marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
and was adapted for liturgical use.
Description
The codex contains the text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 170 parchment leaves , with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Matt
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
1:1-2:20; 26:33-52; 27:26-28:9; Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
1:20-45; John
Gospel of John
The Gospel According to John , commonly referred to as the Gospel of John or simply John, and often referred to in New Testament scholarship as the Fourth Gospel, is an account of the public ministry of Jesus...
16:19-17:11; 21:2-25). The text is written in two columns per page, 28-30 lines per page, in minuscule letters.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
(in Mark 234 sections, the last in 16:9). It has no references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (fro liturgical use), Synaxarion, Menologion, and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. In subscriptions are given numbers of ρηματα, and numbers of στιχοι
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
. According to subscriptions the Gospel of Matthew was written in Hebrew, Mark in Latin and Luke in Greek.
According to Ferrar
William Hugh Ferrar
William Hugh Ferrar , Latinist, a classical Irish scholar at Dublin University.Ferrar in 1868 discovered that four medieval manuscripts, namely minuscules 13, 69, 124, and 346, were closely related texts. They are descendants of an archetype from Calabria in southern Italy or Sicily. Now they are...
it has 1523 errors of itacisms
Iotacism
Iotacism is the process by which a number of vowels and diphthongs in Ancient Greek converged in pronunciation so that they all sound like iota in Modern Greek....
and another errors, but not more than in other manuscripts of that time. Letter ο is frequently written for ω
Omega
Omega is the 24th and last letter of the Greek alphabet. In the Greek numeric system, it has a value of 800. The word literally means "great O" , as opposed to omicron, which means "little O"...
, ου is once written for υ (in Matthew 25:9).
The text of Adultery pericopa (John 7:53–8:11) follows after Luke
Gospel of Luke
The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The...
21:38. The text of Matthew 16:2b–3 (signs of the times) is omitted. Luke 22:43-44
Christ's agony at Gethsemane
Christ's agony at Gethsemane is a passage in the Gospel of Luke , describing a prayer of Jesus, after which he receives strength from an angel, on the Mount of Olives prior to his betrayal and arrest...
(Christ's agony at Gethsemane) is placed after Matthew 26:39.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Caesarean text-typeCaesarean text-type
Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types; the Byzantine...
. It belongs to the textual family known as family 13
Family 13
Family 13, also known Ferrar Group , is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 11th to the 15th century, which display a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially in placing the story of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in...
, or Ferrar group. It was confirmed by the Claremont Profile Method. According to Kurt
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
and Barbara Aland
Barbara Aland
Barbara Aland, née Ehlers is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.- Biography :...
it agrees 150 times with the Byzantine text against the original, 31 times with original against the Byzantine, and 71 it agrees with both. It has also 54 independent or distinctive readings. Alands placed text of the codex in Category III.
The manuscripts of the Ferrar group were derived from an uncial ancestor once located in southern Italy (Calabria
Calabria
Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro....
) or Sicily
Sicily
Sicily is a region of Italy, and is the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. Along with the surrounding minor islands, it constitutes an autonomous region of Italy, the Regione Autonoma Siciliana Sicily has a rich and unique culture, especially with regard to the arts, music, literature,...
in the 7th century.
It was collated in 1868 by W. H. Ferrar
William Hugh Ferrar
William Hugh Ferrar , Latinist, a classical Irish scholar at Dublin University.Ferrar in 1868 discovered that four medieval manuscripts, namely minuscules 13, 69, 124, and 346, were closely related texts. They are descendants of an archetype from Calabria in southern Italy or Sicily. Now they are...
, and published posthumously by T. K. Abbott
Thomas Kingsmill Abbott
Thomas Kingsmill Abbott was an Irish scholar and educator. He was born in Dublin and was educated at Trinity College. He took his degree in 1851 and was made a fellow of the college in 1854. He obtained an M.A. and a D...
in the book A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels
A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels
A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels, full title: A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels: With a View to Prove Their Common Origin, and to Restore the Text of Their Archetype. The book was published by in the year 1877 by T. K...
. Ferrar regarded codices 13, 69
Minuscule 69
Minuscule 69 , δ 505 , known as Codex Leicester, or Codex Leicestrensis, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on paper and parchment leaves. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 15th century. Some leaves of the codex were lost. The text-type is eclectic...
, 124
Minuscule 124
Minuscule 124 , ε 1211 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 188 thick parchment leaves . Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia....
, 346
Minuscule 346
Minuscule 346 , ε 226 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia.- Description :...
as transcripts of the same one archetype.
In Matthew 1:16 it has the same textual reading as Codex Koridethi
Codex Koridethi
The Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, designated by Θ, 038, or Theta , ε 050 , is a 9th century manuscript of the four Gospels. It is written in Greek with uncial script in two columns per page, in 25 lines per page...
, Curetonian Syriac
Curetonian Gospels
The Curetonian Gospels, designated by the siglum syrcur, are contained in a manuscript of the four gospels of the New Testament in Old Syriac, a translation from the Aramaic originals, according to William Cureton differing considerably from the canonical Greek texts, with which they had been...
, and rest of the manuscripts of the Ferrar Family.
In John 12:5 it reads διακοσιων for τριακοσιων along with other manuscripts of the family 13 and 1424;
History
It is believed the manuscript was written in CalabriaCalabria
Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro....
or Sicilia. Currently the manuscript is dated by the INTF
Institute for New Testament Textual Research
The Institute for New Testament Textual Research at the University of Münster, Westphalia, Germany, is an institute for the investigation of the text of the New Testament. The INTF was founded in Münster in 1959 by Professor Kurt Aland , the first director of the Institute...
on the palaeographical
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
ground to the 13th century.
It was in private hands, and belonged to Peter Teller, like codices 10
Minuscule 10
Minuscule 10 , ε 372 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 275 parchment leaves , dated palaeographically to the 13th century. It has complex contents with full marginalia.- Description :...
, 11
Minuscule 11
Minuscule 11 , ε 297 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament in two small volumes. The first volume has 230 leaves, the second volume has 274 leaves parchment . Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 14th century.- Description :The codex contains the complete text of the...
. It was used by Kuster's
Ludolph Kuster
Ludolf Küster was a Westphalian scholar, philologist, textual critic, palaeographer, and editor of Greek ancient texts.Küster was born in Blomberg, Westphalia. He was friends with, and a correspondent of, Richard Bentley, master of Trinity College, Cambridge, who assisted him in the production of...
in his edition of Mill's
John Mill
John Mill was an English theologian. He is noted for his critical edition of the Greek New Testament which included notes on many variant readings.-Biography:...
Novum Testamentum (Paris 6).
It was added to the list of the New Testament manuscripts by Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.-Youth and study:...
, who gave for it number 13. This number is still in usage.
It was examined and described by Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.-Youth and study:...
, Griesbach
Johann Jakob Griesbach
Johann Jakob Griesbach , German biblical textual critic, was born at Butzbach, a small town in the state of Hesse, where his father, Konrad Kaspar , was pastor...
, Birch
Andrew Birch
Andrew Birch was a professor from Copenhagen. Birch was sent in 1781–1783 by the king of Denmark, Christian VII, to examine manuscripts in Italy, Germany, and other European countries.- Life :...
, Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin was a French Catholic Biblical scholar.-Life:...
, W. H. Ferrar, and J. Rendel Harris
J. Rendel Harris
James Rendel Harris was an English biblical scholar and curator of manuscripts, who was instrumental in bringing back to light many Syriac Scriptures and other early documents...
, Kirsopp Lake
Kirsopp Lake
Kirsopp Lake was a New Testament scholar and Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School. He had an uncommon breadth of interests, publishing definitive monographs in New Testament textual criticism, Greek palaeography, theology, and archaeology...
, and many other palaeographers and textual critics. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1884.
Griesbach high esteemed the text of this manuscript.
The codex is located now at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
Bibliothèque nationale de France
The is the National Library of France, located in Paris. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. The current president of the library is Bruno Racine.-History:...
(Gr. 50) at Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Family 13Family 13Family 13, also known Ferrar Group , is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 11th to the 15th century, which display a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially in placing the story of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further readings
- W. H. Ferrar, A Collation of Four Important Manuscripts of the Gospels, ed. T. K. Abbott, (Dublin, 1877).
- J. Rendel HarrisJ. Rendel HarrisJames Rendel Harris was an English biblical scholar and curator of manuscripts, who was instrumental in bringing back to light many Syriac Scriptures and other early documents...
, On the Origin of the Ferrar Group. A lecture on the genealogical relations New Testament mss, (Cambridge, 1893). - Kirsopp LakeKirsopp LakeKirsopp Lake was a New Testament scholar and Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School. He had an uncommon breadth of interests, publishing definitive monographs in New Testament textual criticism, Greek palaeography, theology, and archaeology...
and Silva Lake, Family 13 (The Ferrar Group). The Text According to Mark with a Collation of Codex 28 of the Gospels, Studies and Documents XI (London, 1941). - J. Geerlings, Family 13 and EFGH, appendix A of Studies and Documents XIX (Salt Lake City, 1961).
External links
- Minuscule 13 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism