Caesarean text-type
Encyclopedia
Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Greek
manuscripts
of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types
; the Byzantine text-type
, the Western text-type
and the Alexandrian text-type
. In particular a common text-type
has been proposed to be found: in the ninth/tenth century Codex Koridethi
; in Minuscule 1
(a Greek manuscript of the Gospels used, sparingly, by Erasmus in his 1516 printed Greek New Testament); and in those Gospel quotations found in the third century works of Origen of Alexandria, which were written after he had settled in Caesarea. The early translations of the Gospels in Armenian
and Georgian
also appear to witness to many of the proposed characteristic Caesarean readings, as do the small group of minuscule manuscripts classed as Family 1
and Family 13
.
27:16-17, where the bandit released by Pontius Pilate
instead of Jesus is named as "Jesus Barabbas
" rather than — with all other surviving witnesses — just "Barabbas". Origen notes particularly that the form "Jesus Barabbas" was common in manuscripts in Caesarea, whereas he had not found this reading in his previous residence in Alexandria
. Otherwise the Caesarean readings have a mildly paraphrastic tendency that seems to place them between the more concise Alexandrian, and the more expansive Western
text-types. None of the surviving Caesarean manuscripts is claimed to witness a pure type of text, as all appear to have been to some degree assimilated with readings from the Byzantine text-type
.
Some writers have questioned the validity of this grouping, claiming that the classification is the result of poor research. Insofar as the Caesarean text-type does exist (in Matt, Luke and John is not well defined), then it does so only in the Gospels, the proposed Caesarean witnesses do not appear to have any common distinctive readings in the rest of the New Testament
. Some of Caesarean manuscripts have so-called Jerusalem Colophon
.
The Caesarean text-type was discovered and named by Burnett Hillman Streeter
in 1924. According to some scholars it is only hypothetical text-type (Aland
).
There are no pure Caesarean manuscripts. In many cases difficult to decide original reading of the group, for instance in Mark 1:16:
— Iota (Jerusalem) (I), in part (most strong "Caesarean" witnesses are found in Soden's Iα group, with family 1 being his Iη and family 13 being Iι).
Kirsopp Lake
, an outstanding British textual critic, developed hypothesis of the relationship between f1, f13, Θ, 565, 700, and 28. Streeter carried Lake's work another step forward by pointing Caesarea as the original location of the family.
F. G. Kenyon
— Gamma (γ)
M. J. Lagrange — C
Other manuscripts
Papyrus 29, p38, p41, p48,
Uncial 0188
,
174
, 230
, 406
(?), 788
, 826
, 828
, 872
(only in Mark), 1071, 1275, 1424
(only in Mark), 1604, 2437
, ℓ 32
.
Matthew 20:23
Matthew 27:16-17
Mark 8:14
Mark 8:15
Mark 8:17
Mark 9:29
Mark 10:19
Mark 12:1
Mark 12:7
Mark 13:6
Subgroups of the Caesarean text-type
Koine Greek
Koine Greek is the universal dialect of the Greek language spoken throughout post-Classical antiquity , developing from the Attic dialect, with admixture of elements especially from Ionic....
manuscripts
Biblical manuscript
A biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
; the Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
, the Western text-type
Western text-type
The Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
and the Alexandrian text-type
Alexandrian text-type
The Alexandrian text-type , associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of biblical manuscripts...
. In particular a common text-type
Text types
Textual types refer to the following four basic aspects of writing: descriptive, narrative, expository, and argumentative.-The descriptive text type:...
has been proposed to be found: in the ninth/tenth century Codex Koridethi
Codex Koridethi
The Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, designated by Θ, 038, or Theta , ε 050 , is a 9th century manuscript of the four Gospels. It is written in Greek with uncial script in two columns per page, in 25 lines per page...
; in Minuscule 1
Minuscule 1
Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, Minuscule 1 , δ 254 ; formerly it was designated by 1eap...
(a Greek manuscript of the Gospels used, sparingly, by Erasmus in his 1516 printed Greek New Testament); and in those Gospel quotations found in the third century works of Origen of Alexandria, which were written after he had settled in Caesarea. The early translations of the Gospels in Armenian
Armenian language
The Armenian language is an Indo-European language spoken by the Armenian people. It is the official language of the Republic of Armenia as well as in the region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The language is also widely spoken by Armenian communities in the Armenian diaspora...
and Georgian
Georgian language
Georgian is the native language of the Georgians and the official language of Georgia, a country in the Caucasus.Georgian is the primary language of about 4 million people in Georgia itself, and of another 500,000 abroad...
also appear to witness to many of the proposed characteristic Caesarean readings, as do the small group of minuscule manuscripts classed as Family 1
Family 1
Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
and Family 13
Family 13
Family 13, also known Ferrar Group , is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 11th to the 15th century, which display a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially in placing the story of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in...
.
Description
A particularly distinctive common reading of the proposed text-type is in MatthewGospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
27:16-17, where the bandit released by Pontius Pilate
Pontius Pilate
Pontius Pilatus , known in the English-speaking world as Pontius Pilate , was the fifth Prefect of the Roman province of Judaea, from AD 26–36. He is best known as the judge at Jesus' trial and the man who authorized the crucifixion of Jesus...
instead of Jesus is named as "Jesus Barabbas
Barabbas
Barabbas or Jesus Barabbas is a figure in the Christian narrative of the Passion of Jesus, in which he is the insurrectionary whom Pontius Pilate freed at the Passover feast in Jerusalem.The penalty for Barabbas' crime was death by crucifixion, but according to the four canonical gospels and the...
" rather than — with all other surviving witnesses — just "Barabbas". Origen notes particularly that the form "Jesus Barabbas" was common in manuscripts in Caesarea, whereas he had not found this reading in his previous residence in Alexandria
Alexandria
Alexandria is the second-largest city of Egypt, with a population of 4.1 million, extending about along the coast of the Mediterranean Sea in the north central part of the country; it is also the largest city lying directly on the Mediterranean coast. It is Egypt's largest seaport, serving...
. Otherwise the Caesarean readings have a mildly paraphrastic tendency that seems to place them between the more concise Alexandrian, and the more expansive Western
Western text-type
The Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
text-types. None of the surviving Caesarean manuscripts is claimed to witness a pure type of text, as all appear to have been to some degree assimilated with readings from the Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
.
Some writers have questioned the validity of this grouping, claiming that the classification is the result of poor research. Insofar as the Caesarean text-type does exist (in Matt, Luke and John is not well defined), then it does so only in the Gospels, the proposed Caesarean witnesses do not appear to have any common distinctive readings in the rest of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
. Some of Caesarean manuscripts have so-called Jerusalem Colophon
Jerusalem Colophon
The Jerusalem Colophon is a colophon found in a number of New Testament manuscripts, including Λ , 20, 153, 157, 164, 215, 262, 300, 376, 428, 565, 566, 686, 718, 728, 748, 829, 899, 901, 922, 980, 1032, 1071, 1118, 1121, 1124, 1187, 1198, 1355, 1422, 1521, 1545, 1555, 1682, 2145, and 2245...
.
The Caesarean text-type was discovered and named by Burnett Hillman Streeter
Burnett Hillman Streeter
Burnett Hillman Streeter was a British biblical scholar and textual critic.-Life:He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. Streeter was ordained in 1899 and was a member of the Archbishop’s Commission on Doctrine in the Church of England...
in 1924. According to some scholars it is only hypothetical text-type (Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
).
There are no pure Caesarean manuscripts. In many cases difficult to decide original reading of the group, for instance in Mark 1:16:
- αμφιβαλλοντας τα δικτυα — f13 565
- αμφιβληστρα βαλλοντας — f1
- αμφιβληστρον βαλλοντας — 700
- βαλλοντας αμφιβληστρον — 28
Classification
H. von SodenHermann, Freiherr von Soden
Baron Hermann von Soden , German biblical scholar, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, and was educated at the University of Tübingen. He was minister of Dresden-Striesen in 1881 and in 1887 became minister of the Jerusalem Church in Berlin...
— Iota (Jerusalem) (I), in part (most strong "Caesarean" witnesses are found in Soden's Iα group, with family 1 being his Iη and family 13 being Iι).
Kirsopp Lake
Kirsopp Lake
Kirsopp Lake was a New Testament scholar and Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School. He had an uncommon breadth of interests, publishing definitive monographs in New Testament textual criticism, Greek palaeography, theology, and archaeology...
, an outstanding British textual critic, developed hypothesis of the relationship between f1, f13, Θ, 565, 700, and 28. Streeter carried Lake's work another step forward by pointing Caesarea as the original location of the family.
F. G. Kenyon
Frederic G. Kenyon
Sir Frederic George Kenyon GBE KCB TD FBA FSA was a British paleographer and biblical and classical scholar. He occupied from 1889 to 1931 a series of posts at the British Museum...
— Gamma (γ)
M. J. Lagrange — C
Witnesses
| Sign | Name | Date | Content |
| p42 | Papyrus 42 | 7th/8th | fragments Luke Gospel of Luke The Gospel According to Luke , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Luke or simply Luke, is the third and longest of the four canonical Gospels. This synoptic gospel is an account of the life and ministry of Jesus of Nazareth. It details his story from the events of his birth to his Ascension.The... 1-2 |
| p45 | Papyrus 45 Papyrus 45 Papyrus 45 is an early New Testament manuscript which is a part of the Chester Beatty Papyri. It was probably created around 250 in Egypt. It contains the texts of Matthew 20-21 and 25-26; Mark 4-9 and 11-12; Luke 6-7 and 9-14; John 4-5 and 10-11; and Acts 4-17... |
3rd | only in Mark Gospel of Mark The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second... |
| Θ (038) | Codex Koridethi Codex Koridethi The Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, designated by Θ, 038, or Theta , ε 050 , is a 9th century manuscript of the four Gospels. It is written in Greek with uncial script in two columns per page, in 25 lines per page... |
9th | Mark Gospel of Mark The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second... |
| W (032) | Codex Washingtonianus Codex Washingtonianus The Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 , ε 014 , also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, and The Freer Gospel, contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum in the fourth or fifth century... |
5th | Mark 5:31—16:20 |
| 28 | Minuscule 28 Minuscule 28 Minuscule 28 , ε 168 , formerly known as Colbertinus 4705, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia. It is lacunose.- Description :The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 292... |
11th | Gospel of Mark Gospel of Mark The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second... |
| 565 | Minuscule 565 Minuscule 565 Minuscule 565 , ε 93 , also known as the Empress Theodora's Codex. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on purple parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century... |
9th | Gospel Gospel A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John... s |
| 700 | Minuscule 700 Minuscule 700 Minuscule 700 , ε 133 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the Gospels. Formerly it was labelled as 604 in all catalogues , Gregory gave it the number 700.... |
11th | Gospel Gospel A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John... s |
| 1 and rest of f1 Family 1 Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih... |
Minuscule 1 Minuscule 1 Codex Basilensis A. N. IV. 2, Minuscule 1 , δ 254 ; formerly it was designated by 1eap... , 118 Minuscule 118 Minuscule 118 , ε 346 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 13th century... , 131 Minuscule 131 Minuscule 131 , δ 467 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 15th century. It has marginalia.- Description :... , 209 Minuscule 209 Minuscule 209 , δ 457 and α 1581 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 14th century, with an exception to the Book of Revelation which was added to the codex in the 15th century... |
12th 11th-15th |
only Gospel Gospel A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John... s |
| 13 and rest of f13 Family 13 Family 13, also known Ferrar Group , is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 11th to the 15th century, which display a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially in placing the story of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in... |
Minuscule 13 Minuscule 13 Minuscule 13 , ε 368 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment, dated to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose. The text of the manuscript is important for the textual critic... , 69 Minuscule 69 Minuscule 69 , δ 505 , known as Codex Leicester, or Codex Leicestrensis, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on paper and parchment leaves. The manuscript palaeographically has been assigned to the 15th century. Some leaves of the codex were lost. The text-type is eclectic... , 124 Minuscule 124 Minuscule 124 , ε 1211 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 188 thick parchment leaves . Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia.... , 346 Minuscule 346 Minuscule 346 , ε 226 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.It has marginalia.- Description :... |
13th 11th-15th |
Gospel Gospel A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John... s only Gospels |
Other manuscripts
Papyrus 29, p38, p41, p48,
Uncial 0188
Uncial 0188
Uncial 0188 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 4th century.- Description :The codex contains a small parts of the Gospel of Mark 11:11-17, on one parchment leaf...
,
174
Minuscule 174
Minuscule 174 , ε 109 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the 1052...
, 230
Minuscule 230
Minuscule 230 , ε 173 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1013.- Description :...
, 406
Minuscule 406
Minuscule 406 , ε 130 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.It contains marginalia.- Description :...
(?), 788
Minuscule 788 (Gregory-Aland)
Minuscule 788 , ε1033 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament written on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century...
, 826
Minuscule 826 (Gregory-Aland)
Minuscule 826 , ε218 , is a 12th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment.- Description :The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 233 parchment leaves...
, 828
Minuscule 828 (Gregory-Aland)
Minuscule 828 , ε219 , is a 12th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment.- Description :The codex contains the text of the four Gospels, on 176 parchment leaves...
, 872
Minuscule 872 (Gregory-Aland)
Minuscule 872 , ε 203 , is a 12th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment. The manuscript has no complex context. It has full marginalia.- Description :...
(only in Mark), 1071, 1275, 1424
Minuscule 1424
Minuscule 1424 , δ 30 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on 337 parchment leaves . It has been dated paleographically to the 9th or 10th century).- Description :...
(only in Mark), 1604, 2437
Minuscule 2437
Minuscule 2437 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on 220 parchment leaves . Paleographically it has been assigned to the 11th or 12th century.- Description :...
, ℓ 32
Lectionary 32
Lectionary 32, designated by siglum ℓ 32 . It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century.- Description :...
.
Textual features
Matthew 8:13- It has additional text: (and when the centurion returned to the house in that hour, he found the slave well) as well as codices אCodex SinaiticusCodex Sinaiticus is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible. It is an Alexandrian text-type manuscript written in the 4th century in uncial letters on parchment. Current scholarship considers the Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the best Greek texts of...
, CCodex Ephraemi RescriptusCodex Ephraemi Rescriptus is an early 5th century Greek manuscript of the Bible, the last in the group of the four great uncial manuscripts...
, (NCodex Petropolitanus PurpureusCodex Petropolitanus Purpureus, designated by N or 022 , ε 19 , is a 6th century Greek New Testament codex gospel book. Written in majuscules , on 231 parchment leaves, measuring 32 x 27 cm...
), ΘCodex KoridethiThe Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, designated by Θ, 038, or Theta , ε 050 , is a 9th century manuscript of the four Gospels. It is written in Greek with uncial script in two columns per page, in 25 lines per page...
, (0250), f1Family 1Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
, (33Minuscule 33Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
, 1241), g1, syrh.
Matthew 20:23
- (and be baptized with the baptism that I am baptized with)
- omitted — Sinaiticus, B, DCodex BezaeThe Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis, designated by siglum Dea or 05 , δ 5 , is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the 3 John...
, LCodex Regius (New Testament)Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 , ε 56 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia....
, ZCodex DublinensisCodex Dublinensis designated by Z or 035 , ε 26 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 6th century. The manuscript is lacunose.- Description :...
, ΘCodex KoridethiThe Codex Koridethi, also named Codex Coridethianus, designated by Θ, 038, or Theta , ε 050 , is a 9th century manuscript of the four Gospels. It is written in Greek with uncial script in two columns per page, in 25 lines per page...
, 085Uncial 085Uncial 085 , ε 23 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 6th century.- Description :...
, f1, f13, it, syrs, c, copsa.
Matthew 27:16-17
- Ιησουν τον Βαραββαν — Θ, f1, 700*, syrs, pal, arm, geo
- τον Βαραββαν — majority of mss
Mark 8:14
- ενα μονον αρτον εχοντες — p45 (W) Θ f1 (f13 28) 565 700 k copsa
- omit — all other mss
Mark 8:15
- των Ηρωδιανων — p45Papyrus 45Papyrus 45 is an early New Testament manuscript which is a part of the Chester Beatty Papyri. It was probably created around 250 in Egypt. It contains the texts of Matthew 20-21 and 25-26; Mark 4-9 and 11-12; Luke 6-7 and 9-14; John 4-5 and 10-11; and Acts 4-17...
, W, Θ, f1, f13, 28, 565, 1365, itiCodex Vindobonensis Lat. 1235The Codex Vindobonensis Lat. 1235, designated by i or 17 , is a 6th century Latin Gospel Book. The manuscript contains 142 folios . The text, written on purple dyed vellum in silver ink , is a version of the old Latin. The Gospels follow in the Western order.It has numerous lacunae...
, itkCodex BobiensisCodex Bobiensis is a fragmentary Latin manuscript of the bible. Specifically, it is an example of a Vetus Latina bible, which were used from the 2nd century until Jerome's Latin translation, the Vulgate, was written in the 5th century. The text contains parts of the Gospel of Mark and Gospel of...
, copsa, arm, geo - Ηρωδου — majority of mss
Mark 8:17
- εν ταις καρδιαις υμων, ολιγοπιστοι — (D) Θ 28 565 700 pc (it) syrh
Mark 9:29
- προσευχη και νηστεια — p45 A C D L W Θ Ψ f1, f13, Byz
- προσευχη — א Β 0274 k
Mark 10:19
- μη αποστερησης — א ACodex AlexandrinusThe Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...
B2 C D X Θ 565 892 1009 1071 1195 1216 1230 1241 1253 1344 1365 1646 2174 Byz Lect - omitted — B*, KCodex CypriusCodex Cyprius, designated by Ke or 017 , ε 71 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, on parchment. It was variously dated in the past , currently it is dated to the 9th century. It was brought from Cyprus to Paris...
, WCodex WashingtonianusThe Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 , ε 014 , also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, and The Freer Gospel, contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum in the fourth or fifth century...
, Δ, Ψ, f1Family 1Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
, f13Family 13Family 13, also known Ferrar Group , is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 11th to the 15th century, which display a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially in placing the story of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in...
, 28Minuscule 28Minuscule 28 , ε 168 , formerly known as Colbertinus 4705, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia. It is lacunose.- Description :The codex contains the text of the four Gospels on 292...
, 700Minuscule 700Minuscule 700 , ε 133 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the Gospels. Formerly it was labelled as 604 in all catalogues , Gregory gave it the number 700....
, 1010, 1079, 1242, 1546, 2148, ℓ 10Lectionary 10Lectionary 10, designated by siglum ℓ 10 .It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose.- Description :...
, ℓ 950, ℓ 1642, ℓ 1761, syrs, arm, geo.
Mark 12:1
- ανθρωπος τις εφυτευσεν αμπελωνα — W, Θ, f13, 565, itaurStockholm Codex AureusThe Stockholm Codex Aureus is an Insular Gospel book written in the mid-eighth century in Southumbria, probably in Canterbury...
, itcCodex ColbertinusCodex Colbertinus, designated by 6 or c, is a Latin manuscript of the Bible. Its version of the four Gospels and Book of Acts follows the Vetus Latina, while the rest of the New Testament follows the Vulgate. It was written in the 11th or 12th century, probably in southern France.The Latin text of... - αμπελωνα ανθρωπος εφυτευσεν — א Β C Δ Ψ 33 1424
Mark 12:7
- θεασαμενοι αυτον ερχομενον ειπαν προς εαυτους — Θ 565 700 c
- θεασαμενοι αυτον ερχομενον ειπον — N, f13, 28
- προς εαυτους ειπαν οτι — א B C L W (Δ) Ψ (f1) 33 892
- ειπαν προς εαυτους — D
- ειπον προς εαυτους οτι — A Byz
Mark 13:6
- λέγοντες ὅτι Ἐγώ ο Xρήστος — W, Θ f13, 28, 61, 115, 255, 299, 565, 700, 1071 b c g2 l vgmss copsa,bo geob arm arabms Cyp
- λέγοντες ὅτι Ἐγώ εἰμι — Byz
See also
Other text-types- Alexandrian text-typeAlexandrian text-typeThe Alexandrian text-type , associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of biblical manuscripts...
- Western text-typeWestern text-typeThe Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
- Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-typeThe Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
Subgroups of the Caesarean text-type
- Family 1Family 1Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
- Family 13Family 13Family 13, also known Ferrar Group , is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 11th to the 15th century, which display a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially in placing the story of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in...
Sources
- Burnett Hillman Streeter, The Four Gospels. A study of origins the manuscript traditions, sources, authorship, & dates, Oxford 1924, pp. 77-107.
- Bruce M. Metzger, The Caesarean Text of the Gospels, JBL, Vol. 64, No. 4 (Dec., 1945), pp. 457-489.
- Bruce M. Metzger and Bart D. EhrmanBart D. EhrmanBart D. Ehrman is an American New Testament scholar, currently the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill....
, The Text of the New Testament: Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration (4th edition, 2005), Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-507297-9, p. 310–312. - Hurtado L. W., Text-Critical Methodology and the Pre-Caesarean Text: Codex W in the Gospel of Mark, S & D XLIII (Grand Rapids 1981).
External links
- Text Types And Textual Kinship – from the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
- Concerning the "Caesarean Text"
- Origins of the Caesarean text