Minuscule 1424
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 1424 δ 30 (von Soden) is a Greek minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, written on 337 parchment leaves (28 by 18 cm). It has been dated paleographically to the 9th or 10th century).
(Matthew
1:23-2:16). The books follow in this rather strange order: Gospel
s, Acts
, Catholic epistles, Revelation of John
, Pauline epistles
. The text is written in one column per page, 29-33 lines per page.
The tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) are placed before each book, the Eusebian Canon tables, numbers of the (chapters) at the margin, the τιτλοι at the top of the pages, a division according to the Ammonian Sections, with a references to the Eusebian Canons, and the Euthalian Apparatus
.
There are marginal commentaries on the Gospels (Chrystostomos
), Acts and Epistles; only the Book of Revelation lacks commentaries. The manuscript also contains The Shepherd of Hermas
. The Eusebian Canons presented, added by a different, probably later, hand.
with alien readings. Streeter
remarked some relations between the codex and the various "Caesarean
" witnesses, especially in the Gospel of Mark
, but conceded it is only a tertiary witness to the type. But there are more of the Alexandrian
readings than Caesarean. The manuscript together with M (021)
, 7
, 27
, 71
, 115
, 160
, 179
, 185
, 267
, 349
, 517
, 659
, 692
, 827
, 945, 954, 990, 1010, 1082, 1188, 1194, 1207, 1223, 1391, 1402, 1606, 1675, 2191 and other manuscripts belongs to the Family 1424 (von Soden's
I φ group). The whole Family 1424
deserves a more textual study than it received.
According to Kurt
and Barbara Aland
in Gospel of Mark it agrees 88 times against the original text, 23 times supports the original text against the Byzantine, and 63 times it agrees with both. It has also 35 independent or distinctive readings. Alands placed the text of the codex in Category III for the Gospel of Mark, and in Category V
for the rest of books.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual cluster 1675 in LUke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20, as a diverging member.
Textual variants
The word before the bracket is of UBS edition
, today Greece
). The codex was taken after the Balkan Wars
of 1912-1913 from Kosinitza to western Europe. It was brought by Franklin Gruber to Chicago
. Lake
photographed the codex in 1902. In 2010, the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts photographed the codex.
Currently the codex is located in the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago
, as a part of the Gruber Collection
(Gruber Ms. 152).
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, written on 337 parchment leaves (28 by 18 cm). It has been dated paleographically to the 9th or 10th century).
Description
The codex contains the entire New Testament with only one lacunaLacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Matthew
Gospel of Matthew
The Gospel According to Matthew is one of the four canonical gospels, one of the three synoptic gospels, and the first book of the New Testament. It tells of the life, ministry, death, and resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth...
1:23-2:16). The books follow in this rather strange order: Gospel
Gospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s, Acts
Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles , usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age...
, Catholic epistles, Revelation of John
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. The title came into usage from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: apokalupsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation"...
, Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
. The text is written in one column per page, 29-33 lines per page.
The tables of the κεφαλαια (tables of contents) are placed before each book, the Eusebian Canon tables, numbers of the (chapters) at the margin, the τιτλοι at the top of the pages, a division according to the Ammonian Sections, with a references to the Eusebian Canons, and the Euthalian Apparatus
Euthalian Apparatus
The Euthalian Apparatus is a collection of additional editorial material, such as divisions of text, lists, and summaries, to the New Testament's Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles. This additional material appears at the beginnings of books, in the margin of the text, and at the...
.
There are marginal commentaries on the Gospels (Chrystostomos
John Chrysostom
John Chrysostom , Archbishop of Constantinople, was an important Early Church Father. He is known for his eloquence in preaching and public speaking, his denunciation of abuse of authority by both ecclesiastical and political leaders, the Divine Liturgy of St. John Chrysostom, and his ascetic...
), Acts and Epistles; only the Book of Revelation lacks commentaries. The manuscript also contains The Shepherd of Hermas
The Shepherd of Hermas
The Shepherd of Hermas is a Christian literary work of the 1st or 2nd century, considered a valuable book by many Christians, and considered canonical scripture by some of the early Church fathers such as Irenaeus. The Shepherd had great authority in the 2nd and 3rd centuries...
. The Eusebian Canons presented, added by a different, probably later, hand.
Text
The Greek text of the codex, is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
with alien readings. Streeter
Burnett Hillman Streeter
Burnett Hillman Streeter was a British biblical scholar and textual critic.-Life:He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. Streeter was ordained in 1899 and was a member of the Archbishop’s Commission on Doctrine in the Church of England...
remarked some relations between the codex and the various "Caesarean
Caesarean text-type
Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types; the Byzantine...
" witnesses, especially in the Gospel of Mark
Gospel of Mark
The Gospel According to Mark , commonly shortened to the Gospel of Mark or simply Mark, is the second book of the New Testament. This canonical account of the life of Jesus of Nazareth is one of the three synoptic gospels. It was thought to be an epitome, which accounts for its place as the second...
, but conceded it is only a tertiary witness to the type. But there are more of the Alexandrian
Alexandrian text-type
The Alexandrian text-type , associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of biblical manuscripts...
readings than Caesarean. The manuscript together with M (021)
Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus designated by M or 021 , ε 72 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century...
, 7
Minuscule 7
Minuscule 7 ; ε 287 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century.- Description :...
, 27
Minuscule 27
Minuscule 27 , ε 1023 . It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, written on vellum. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 71
Minuscule 71
Codex Ephesinus, minuscule 71 , ε 253 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment, illuminated, and elegantly written. It is dated by the colophon to 1160. In the 15th century the manuscript was prepared for liturgical use...
, 115
Minuscule 115
Minuscule 115 , ε 1096 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 160
Minuscule 160
Minuscule 160 , ε 213 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by its colophon to the year 1123. it has marginalia.- Description :...
, 179
Minuscule 179
Minuscule 179 , ε 211 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 185
Minuscule 185
Minuscule 185 , ε 410 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 14th century. It has complex contents, with full marginalia.- Description :...
, 267
Minuscule 267
Minuscule 267 , ε 1289 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Paleographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 349
Minuscule 349
Minuscule 349 , ε 413 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1322.It has marginalia.- Description :...
, 517
Minuscule 517
Minuscule 517 , ε 167 α 214 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th or 12th century....
, 659
Minuscule 659
Minuscule 659 , ε 1216 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript has complex contents. Scrivener labelled it by 637e.- Description :The codex contains the complete text of the four Gospels, on...
, 692
Minuscule 692
Minuscule 692 , ε1284 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 827
Minuscule 827 (Gregory-Aland)
Minuscule 827 , ε309 , is a 13th-century Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment.- Description :...
, 945, 954, 990, 1010, 1082, 1188, 1194, 1207, 1223, 1391, 1402, 1606, 1675, 2191 and other manuscripts belongs to the Family 1424 (von Soden's
Hermann, Freiherr von Soden
Baron Hermann von Soden , German biblical scholar, was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on August 16, 1852, and was educated at the University of Tübingen. He was minister of Dresden-Striesen in 1881 and in 1887 became minister of the Jerusalem Church in Berlin...
I φ group). The whole Family 1424
Family 1424
Family 1424 is a group of New Testament manuscripts. It is classified to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual subfamilies of this group, though it has many non-Byzantine readings . Name of the family came from the number of Minuscule 1424 designated by number 1424 according the...
deserves a more textual study than it received.
According to Kurt
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
and Barbara Aland
Barbara Aland
Barbara Aland, née Ehlers is a German theologian and was a Professor of New Testament Research and Church History at Westphalian Wilhelms-University of Münster until 2002.- Biography :...
in Gospel of Mark it agrees 88 times against the original text, 23 times supports the original text against the Byzantine, and 63 times it agrees with both. It has also 35 independent or distinctive readings. Alands placed the text of the codex in Category III for the Gospel of Mark, and in Category V
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
for the rest of books.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual cluster 1675 in LUke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20, as a diverging member.
Textual variants
The word before the bracket is of UBS edition
- Matthew 11:2 – Χριστου ] Ιησου (supported by Codex BezaeCodex BezaeThe Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis, designated by siglum Dea or 05 , δ 5 , is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the 3 John...
, 0233Uncial 0233Uncial 0233 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament. The manuscript paleographically had been assigned to the 8th century.- Description :...
, Lectionary 241Lectionary 241Lectionary 241, designated by siglum ℓ 241 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a Colophon to the year 1199.Scrivener labelled it as 232evl...
and other mss); - John 12:5 – τριακοσιων ] διακοσιων;
History
The codex was written by a monk named Sabas. Formerly it was held in the monastery Drama in Kosinitza. (formerly TurkeyTurkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
, today Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
). The codex was taken after the Balkan Wars
Balkan Wars
The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkans in south-eastern Europe in 1912 and 1913.By the early 20th century, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Greece and Serbia, the countries of the Balkan League, had achieved their independence from the Ottoman Empire, but large parts of their ethnic...
of 1912-1913 from Kosinitza to western Europe. It was brought by Franklin Gruber to Chicago
Chicago
Chicago is the largest city in the US state of Illinois. With nearly 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the Midwestern United States and the third most populous in the US, after New York City and Los Angeles...
. Lake
Kirsopp Lake
Kirsopp Lake was a New Testament scholar and Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School. He had an uncommon breadth of interests, publishing definitive monographs in New Testament textual criticism, Greek palaeography, theology, and archaeology...
photographed the codex in 1902. In 2010, the Center for the Study of New Testament Manuscripts photographed the codex.
Currently the codex is located in the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago
Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago
The Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago is a seminary of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America. Its degree programs include Master of Divinity, Master of Arts, Master of Theology, Doctor of Ministry, and Doctor of Philosophy. It offers concentrations in urban ministry, Bible, environment,...
, as a part of the Gruber Collection
Gruber Collection
The Gruber Collection is a collection of books and manuscripts housed at the Lutheran School of Theology at Chicago in Chicago, Illinois. The collection contain more than 300 books from the 15th to 18th centuries and 14 manuscripts of Greek New Testament...
(Gruber Ms. 152).
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules (1001-2000)
- Family 1424Family 1424Family 1424 is a group of New Testament manuscripts. It is classified to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual subfamilies of this group, though it has many non-Byzantine readings . Name of the family came from the number of Minuscule 1424 designated by number 1424 according the...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
Further reading
- Burnett H. Streeter, "The Four Gospels" (London, 1924), p. 84.
- Kenneth W. Clark, "A Descriptive Catalogue of Greek New Testament Manuscripts in North America". Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1937, pp. 104-106.
External links
- Minuscule 1424 At the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
- Klein, Ralph W., Annotation to Gruber Rare Book Collection.