Minuscule 28
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 28 ε 168 (Soden), formerly known as Colbertinus 4705, is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, written on vellum. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia
. It is lacunose.
s on 292 parchment leaves , with numerous lacunae
. The text is written in one column per page, 19 lines per page.
The words are written continuously without any separation. The letters are "written carelessly by an ignorant scribe", "but containing many noticeable readings". The initial letters in colour.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234, the last section in 16:9), with references to the Eusebian Canons (added by later hand).
It contains the tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel but inaccurate, and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. It contains also the Synaxarion. The manuscript was extensively altered by a later hand.
Lacunae:
Matthew 7:19-9:22, 14:33-16:10, 26:70-27:48, Luke 20:19-22:46, John 12:40-13:1; 15:24-16:12, 18:16-28, 20:19-21:4, 21:19-end). John 19:11-20:20, 21:5-18 were added by a later hand in the 15th century.
in the Gospel of Mark, and the Byzantine text-type
in rest of the Gospels. Aland
placed it in Category III but only in Gospel of Mark, in the rest of the Gospels Aland placed in Category V.
Accordint to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx
in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 1 it has mixture of the Byzantine families.
It contains the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11).
In Matthew 10:34 it has singular reading μαχην και μαχαιραν instead of μαχαιραν.
In Mark 9:49 it reads πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – as manuscripts (א εν πυρι) B
L
W
Δ f1
f13
565
700
ℓ 260
syrs copsa.
In Mark 10:19 — phrase μη αποστερησης omitted (as in codices B
, K
, W
, Ψ, f1
, f13
, 700
, 1010, 1079, 1242, 1546, 2148, ℓ 10
, ℓ 950, ℓ 1642, ℓ 1761, syrs, arm, geo.
In Mark 10:47 it has singular reading Ναζωρινός;
, Wettstein
, Scholz, and Paulin Martin
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
(Gr. 379) at Paris
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, written on vellum. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
. It is lacunose.
Description
The codex contains the text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on 292 parchment leaves , with numerous lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
. The text is written in one column per page, 19 lines per page.
The words are written continuously without any separation. The letters are "written carelessly by an ignorant scribe", "but containing many noticeable readings". The initial letters in colour.
The text is divided according to the κεφαλαια (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and the τιτλοι (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also a division according to the Ammonian Sections (in Mark 234, the last section in 16:9), with references to the Eusebian Canons (added by later hand).
It contains the tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel but inaccurate, and subscriptions at the end of each Gospel. It contains also the Synaxarion. The manuscript was extensively altered by a later hand.
Lacunae:
Matthew 7:19-9:22, 14:33-16:10, 26:70-27:48, Luke 20:19-22:46, John 12:40-13:1; 15:24-16:12, 18:16-28, 20:19-21:4, 21:19-end). John 19:11-20:20, 21:5-18 were added by a later hand in the 15th century.
Text
The Greek text of this codex is a representative of the Caesarean text-typeCaesarean text-type
Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types; the Byzantine...
in the Gospel of Mark, and the Byzantine text-type
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
in rest of the Gospels. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category III but only in Gospel of Mark, in the rest of the Gospels Aland placed in Category V.
Accordint to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 10 and Luke 20. In Luke 1 it has mixture of the Byzantine families.
It contains the Pericope Adulterae (John 7:53-8:11).
In Matthew 10:34 it has singular reading μαχην και μαχαιραν instead of μαχαιραν.
In Mark 9:49 it reads πας γαρ πυρι αλισθησεται – as manuscripts (א εν πυρι) B
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
L
Codex Regius (New Testament)
Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 , ε 56 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia....
W
Codex Washingtonianus
The Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 , ε 014 , also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, and The Freer Gospel, contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum in the fourth or fifth century...
Δ f1
Family 1
Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
f13
Family 13
Family 13, also known Ferrar Group , is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 11th to the 15th century, which display a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially in placing the story of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in...
565
Minuscule 565
Minuscule 565 , ε 93 , also known as the Empress Theodora's Codex. It is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on purple parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century...
700
Minuscule 700
Minuscule 700 , ε 133 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the Gospels. Formerly it was labelled as 604 in all catalogues , Gregory gave it the number 700....
ℓ 260
Lectionary 260
Lectionary 260, designated by siglum ℓ 260 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been not assigned to any century. Scrivener labelled it as 198e, Gregory by 83a...
syrs copsa.
In Mark 10:19 — phrase μη αποστερησης omitted (as in codices B
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
, K
Codex Cyprius
Codex Cyprius, designated by Ke or 017 , ε 71 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, on parchment. It was variously dated in the past , currently it is dated to the 9th century. It was brought from Cyprus to Paris...
, W
Codex Washingtonianus
The Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 , ε 014 , also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, and The Freer Gospel, contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum in the fourth or fifth century...
, Ψ, f1
Family 1
Family 1 is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 12th to the 15th century. The group takes its name from the minuscule codex 1, now in the Basel University Library. "Family 1" is also known as "the Lake Group", symbolized as f1. Hermann von Soden calls the group Ih...
, f13
Family 13
Family 13, also known Ferrar Group , is a group of Greek Gospel manuscripts, varying in date from the 11th to the 15th century, which display a distinctive pattern of variant readings — especially in placing the story of Jesus and the woman taken in adultery in the Gospel of Luke, rather than in...
, 700
Minuscule 700
Minuscule 700 , ε 133 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the Gospels. Formerly it was labelled as 604 in all catalogues , Gregory gave it the number 700....
, 1010, 1079, 1242, 1546, 2148, ℓ 10
Lectionary 10
Lectionary 10, designated by siglum ℓ 10 .It is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on vellum leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose.- Description :...
, ℓ 950, ℓ 1642, ℓ 1761, syrs, arm, geo.
In Mark 10:47 it has singular reading Ναζωρινός;
History
It was examined and described by MillJohn Mill
John Mill was an English theologian. He is noted for his critical edition of the Greek New Testament which included notes on many variant readings.-Biography:...
, Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein
Johann Jakob Wettstein was a Swiss theologian, best known as a New Testament critic.-Youth and study:...
, Scholz, and Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin was a French Catholic Biblical scholar.-Life:...
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
Bibliothèque nationale de France
The is the National Library of France, located in Paris. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. The current president of the library is Bruno Racine.-History:...
(Gr. 379) at Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- Kirsopp LakeKirsopp LakeKirsopp Lake was a New Testament scholar and Winn Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Harvard Divinity School. He had an uncommon breadth of interests, publishing definitive monographs in New Testament textual criticism, Greek palaeography, theology, and archaeology...
& Silva Lake, "Family 13 (The Ferrar Group): The Text According to Mark", Studies & Documents 11, 1941. - Burnett Hillman StreeterBurnett Hillman StreeterBurnett Hillman Streeter was a British biblical scholar and textual critic.-Life:He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. Streeter was ordained in 1899 and was a member of the Archbishop’s Commission on Doctrine in the Church of England...
, The Four Gospels: A Study of Origins (MacMillan, 1924).
External links
- Minuscule 28 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism