Minuscule 21
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 21 ε 286 (Soden). It is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
. Written on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 12th century. According to Scrivener it was written in the 10th century. It has marginalia
.
s with some lacunae
(Mark 13:28-14:33; Luke 1:10-58; 21:26-22:50) on 203 parchment leaves . The text is written in two columns per page (size of column 16.3 by 4.6 cm), in black ink. The initial letters are in red or blue ink.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 237, the last numbered section in in 16:15), but there are no references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains αναγνωσεις (lessons), and pictures. The number of αναγνωσεις in Matthew is 129, in Mark 190, in Luke 309, in John 379. Synaxaria
and Menologion were added by later hand in the 15th century on the paper.
The text of John 5:4 is marked with an obelus
; the text of the pericope John 7:53-8:11 is omitted.
and the Caesarean
elements, but the Byzantine
element is predominate. Aland
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx
in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.
In Matthew 27:9 it has unique variant ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἰησαίου τοῦ προφήτου (fulfilled what was spoken by Isaiah the prophet). This variant is supported only by Latin Codex Rehdigeranus. Another manuscripts contain "Jeremiah" or omitted name of the prophet.
. At the end of Luke it is written κυριε σωσων με, τον αμαρτωλον ονησιμον (the Lord save me, a sinner Onesimus). Probably it was written by Onesimus. It was partially collated by Scholz (1794-1852). It was examined and described by Paulin Martin
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
It was held in Fontainebleau
.
It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
(Gr. 68) at Paris
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
. Written on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 12th century. According to Scrivener it was written in the 10th century. It has marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains the text of the four GospelGospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s with some lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Mark 13:28-14:33; Luke 1:10-58; 21:26-22:50) on 203 parchment leaves . The text is written in two columns per page (size of column 16.3 by 4.6 cm), in black ink. The initial letters are in red or blue ink.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections (in Mark 237, the last numbered section in in 16:15), but there are no references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains αναγνωσεις (lessons), and pictures. The number of αναγνωσεις in Matthew is 129, in Mark 190, in Luke 309, in John 379. Synaxaria
Synaxarium
Synaxarion, Synexarion, pl. Synaxaria —Latin: Synaxarium, Synexarium—the name given in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox and Eastern Catholic Churches to a compilation of hagiographies corresponding roughly to the martyrology of the Roman Church.There are two kinds of synaxaria:*Simple...
and Menologion were added by later hand in the 15th century on the paper.
The text of John 5:4 is marked with an obelus
Obelus
An obelus is a symbol consisting of a short horizontal line with a dot above and below. It is mainly used to represent the mathematical operation of division. It is therefore commonly referred to as the division sign.- History :The word "obelus" comes from the Greek word for a sharpened stick,...
; the text of the pericope John 7:53-8:11 is omitted.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is mixed. It contains some the WesternWestern text-type
The Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
and the Caesarean
Caesarean text-type
Caesarean text-type is the term proposed by certain scholars to denote a consistent pattern of variant readings that is claimed to be apparent in certain Greek manuscripts of the four Gospels, but which is not found in any of the other commonly recognized New Testament text-types; the Byzantine...
elements, but the Byzantine
Byzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
element is predominate. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 1, Luke 10, and Luke 20.
In Matthew 27:9 it has unique variant ἐπληρώθη τὸ ῥηθὲν διὰ Ἰησαίου τοῦ προφήτου (fulfilled what was spoken by Isaiah the prophet). This variant is supported only by Latin Codex Rehdigeranus. Another manuscripts contain "Jeremiah" or omitted name of the prophet.
History
The manuscript probably was written in CalabriaCalabria
Calabria , in antiquity known as Bruttium, is a region in southern Italy, south of Naples, located at the "toe" of the Italian Peninsula. The capital city of Calabria is Catanzaro....
. At the end of Luke it is written κυριε σωσων με, τον αμαρτωλον ονησιμον (the Lord save me, a sinner Onesimus). Probably it was written by Onesimus. It was partially collated by Scholz (1794-1852). It was examined and described by Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin
Paulin Martin was a French Catholic Biblical scholar.-Life:...
. C. R. Gregory saw the manuscript in 1885.
It was held in Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau
Fontainebleau is a commune in the metropolitan area of Paris, France. It is located south-southeast of the centre of Paris. Fontainebleau is a sub-prefecture of the Seine-et-Marne department, and it is the seat of the arrondissement of Fontainebleau...
.
It is currently housed at the Bibliothèque nationale de France
Bibliothèque nationale de France
The is the National Library of France, located in Paris. It is intended to be the repository of all that is published in France. The current president of the library is Bruno Racine.-History:...
(Gr. 68) at Paris
Paris
Paris is the capital and largest city in France, situated on the river Seine, in northern France, at the heart of the Île-de-France region...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
External links
- Minuscule 21 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism