Minuscule 442
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 442 O18 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 12 or 13th century.
Formerly it was assigned by 68a and 73p. It shared all these designations with Minuscule 441
, with which it now comprises a single codex.
on 129 parchment leaves . It is written in one column of 38-39 lines per page.
It contains the Euthalian Apparatus
, subscriptions at the end of each book, στιχοι
, and four prolegomena to the Hebrews
. The biblical text is surrounded by a catena
of Oecumenius.
Leaves 3-182 form another manuscript which is now bound in the same codex. These leaves have a duplicate portion (1 Cor 13:6-15:38) and some contradictory readings. Now they are classified as Minuscule 441
.
with some alien readings. Aland
placed it in Category II.
It is one of the witnesses of the textual variant ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) in Timothy 3:16. This reading is supported by such Alexandrian manuscripts as Codex Sinaiticus
, Codex Alexandrinus
, Codex Ephraemi, Minuscule 33
, Minuscule 225
, and Minuscule 2127, but it is also confirmed by the manuscripts of the Western text-type
like Codex Augiensis
and Codex Boernerianus
.
In 1 John 5:6 it has the textual variant δι' ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος καὶ αἵματος (through water and spirit and blood) together with these manuscripts and versions: Codex Porphyrianus
, 81
, 88
, 630
, 915, 2492, arm, eth.For another variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the First Epistle of John. Bart D. Ehrman
identified this reading as Orthodox corruption.
and Minuscule 899) by Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld
in 1678. It was examined by Johannes Belsheim
and Caspar René Gregory
(1891).
It is currently housed at the University of Uppsala (Gr. 1, p. 183-440) in Uppsala
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 12 or 13th century.
Formerly it was assigned by 68a and 73p. It shared all these designations with Minuscule 441
Minuscule 441
Minuscule 441 , O18 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.Its former designations were 68a and 73p....
, with which it now comprises a single codex.
Description
The codex contains the text of the Catholic epistles and 1 Corinthians 13:6 to Hebrews 13:25 of the Pauline epistlesPauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
on 129 parchment leaves . It is written in one column of 38-39 lines per page.
It contains the Euthalian Apparatus
Euthalian Apparatus
The Euthalian Apparatus is a collection of additional editorial material, such as divisions of text, lists, and summaries, to the New Testament's Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles. This additional material appears at the beginnings of books, in the margin of the text, and at the...
, subscriptions at the end of each book, στιχοι
Stichometry
Stichometry is a term applied to the measurement of ancient texts by στίχοι or verses of a fixed standard length.It was the custom of the Greeks and Romans to estimate the length of their literary works by measured lines...
, and four prolegomena to the Hebrews
Epistle to the Hebrews
The Epistle to the Hebrews is one of the books in the New Testament. Its author is not known.The primary purpose of the Letter to the Hebrews is to exhort Christians to persevere in the face of persecution. The central thought of the entire Epistle is the doctrine of the Person of Christ and his...
. The biblical text is surrounded by a catena
Catena (Biblical commentary)
A catena is a form of biblical commentary, verse by verse, made up entirely of excerpts from earlier Biblical commentators, each introduced with the name of the author, and with such minor adjustments of words to allow the whole to form a continuous commentary.The texts are mainly compiled from...
of Oecumenius.
Leaves 3-182 form another manuscript which is now bound in the same codex. These leaves have a duplicate portion (1 Cor 13:6-15:38) and some contradictory readings. Now they are classified as Minuscule 441
Minuscule 441
Minuscule 441 , O18 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.Its former designations were 68a and 73p....
.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is representative of the Alexandrian text-typeAlexandrian text-type
The Alexandrian text-type , associated with Alexandria, is one of several text-types used in New Testament textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of biblical manuscripts...
with some alien readings. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category II.
It is one of the witnesses of the textual variant ὃς ἐφανερώθη (he was manifested) in Timothy 3:16. This reading is supported by such Alexandrian manuscripts as Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Sinaiticus
Codex Sinaiticus is one of the four great uncial codices, an ancient, handwritten copy of the Greek Bible. It is an Alexandrian text-type manuscript written in the 4th century in uncial letters on parchment. Current scholarship considers the Codex Sinaiticus to be one of the best Greek texts of...
, Codex Alexandrinus
Codex Alexandrinus
The Codex Alexandrinus is a 5th century manuscript of the Greek Bible,The Greek Bible in this context refers to the Bible used by Greek-speaking Christians who lived in Egypt and elsewhere during the early history of Christianity...
, Codex Ephraemi, Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33
Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
, Minuscule 225
Minuscule 225
Minuscule 225 , ε 1210 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1192. It was adapted for liturgical use.- Description :...
, and Minuscule 2127, but it is also confirmed by the manuscripts of the Western text-type
Western text-type
The Western text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe and group the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts...
like Codex Augiensis
Codex Augiensis
Codex Augiensis, designated by Fp or 010 , α 1029 is a 9th century diglot uncial manuscript of the Pauline Epistles in double parallel columns of Greek and Latin on the same page.- Description :...
and Codex Boernerianus
Codex Boernerianus
Codex Boernerianus, designated by Gp or 012 , α 1028 , is a small New Testament codex, measuring 25 x 18 cm, written in one column per page, 20 lines per page. Dated paleographically to the 9th century. The name of the codex derives from Boerner, to whom it once belonged...
.
In 1 John 5:6 it has the textual variant δι' ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος καὶ αἵματος (through water and spirit and blood) together with these manuscripts and versions: Codex Porphyrianus
Codex Porphyrianus
Codex Porphyrianus designated by Papr or 025 , α 3 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Acts of Apostles, Pauline epistles, and General epistles, with some lacunae, dated paleographically to the 9th century. It is one of a few uncial manuscripts that include the Book of Revelation.It was...
, 81
Minuscule 81
Minuscule 81 , or α162 is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on a parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1044. Formerly it was labelled by 61a and 61p . The manuscript is lacunose...
, 88
Minuscule 88
Codex Regis , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century...
, 630
Minuscule 630
Minuscule 630 , α 461 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper. It is known as Codex Ottobonianus. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th or 13th century. The manuscript is lacunose...
, 915, 2492, arm, eth.For another variants of this verse see: Textual variants in the First Epistle of John. Bart D. Ehrman
Bart D. Ehrman
Bart D. Ehrman is an American New Testament scholar, currently the James A. Gray Distinguished Professor of Religious Studies at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill....
identified this reading as Orthodox corruption.
History
The codex was bought at Venice (along with Minuscule 441Minuscule 441
Minuscule 441 , O18 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.Its former designations were 68a and 73p....
and Minuscule 899) by Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld
Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld
Johan Gabriel Sparwenfeld was a 17th century Swedish diplomat, linguist and diarist.-Publications:** *-References:...
in 1678. It was examined by Johannes Belsheim
Johannes Belsheim
Johannes Engebretsen Belsheim was a Norwegian teacher, priest, translator and biographer. He is known for his studies of biblical handwritings, including the Codex Aureus, Codex Gigas, Codex Corbeiensis I, Codex Palatinus, Codex Veronensis, and Codex Claromontanus V...
and Caspar René Gregory
Caspar René Gregory
Caspar René Gregory was a American-born German theologian theologian.-Life:Gregory was born in Philadelphia. He studied theology at two Presbyterian seminaries: in 1865-67 at the University of Pennsylvania and at Princeton Theological Seminary...
(1891).
It is currently housed at the University of Uppsala (Gr. 1, p. 183-440) in Uppsala
Uppsala
- Economy :Today Uppsala is well established in medical research and recognized for its leading position in biotechnology.*Abbott Medical Optics *GE Healthcare*Pfizer *Phadia, an offshoot of Pharmacia*Fresenius*Q-Med...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- P. F. Aurivill, Codex Graecus Novi Foederis (Uppsala, 1783, 1786).
- Adolf Michaelis, Neue oriental und exeget. Bibliothek, 5. Teil, Göttingen 1788, p. 148-163.