Names of European cities in different languages
Encyclopedia
Many cities in Europe have different names in different languages. Some cities have also undergone name changes
for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major cities that are geographically or historically and culturally in Europe
. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in...?".
Note: The blue asterisks generally indicate the availability of a Wikipedia article in that language for that city; it also provides additional reference for the equivalence. Red asterisks or a lack of an asterisk indicate that no such article exists, and that these equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.
Geographical renaming
Geographical renaming is the changing of the name of a geographical feature or area. This can range from the uncontroversial change of a street name to a highly disputed change to the name of a country. Some names are changed locally but the new names are not recognised by other countries,...
for political or other reasons. This article attempts to give all known different names for all major cities that are geographically or historically and culturally in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
. It also includes some smaller towns that are important because of their location or history.
This article does not offer any opinion about what the "original", "official", "real" or "correct" name of any city is or was. Cities are listed alphabetically by their current best-known name in English. The English version is followed by variants in other languages, in alphabetical order by name, and then by any historical variants and former names.
Foreign names that are the same as their English equivalents may be listed, to provide an answer to the question "What is that name in...?".
Note: The blue asterisks generally indicate the availability of a Wikipedia article in that language for that city; it also provides additional reference for the equivalence. Red asterisks or a lack of an asterisk indicate that no such article exists, and that these equivalents without further footnotes should be viewed with caution.
Exonyms by language
- Afrikaans exonymsAfrikaans exonyms- States :*New Brunswick : Nieu-Brunswyk*Nova Scotia : Nieu-Skotland or Nova Scotia- Regions :*Čechy : Boheme*Morava : Morawië*České Slezsko : Tsjeggiese Silesië- Cities :*Iskindireyya : Alexandrië*Al-Qahirah : Kaïro...
- Albanian exonymsAlbanian exonymsMany places have exonyms, names for places that differs from that used in the official or well-established language within that place, in the Albanian language...
- Bulgarian exonymsBulgarian exonymsBelow is a list of Bulgarian language exonyms for places in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym:-Greece:*Alexandroupoli Дедеагач *Edessa Воден...
- Catalan exonymsCatalan exonymsThe following is a list of Catalan exonyms, that is to say names for towns and cities that do not speak Catalan that have been adapted to Catalan standard spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times.- Països Catalans :...
- Croatian exonymsCroatian exonymsThe following is a list of Croatian exonyms, that is to say names for towns and cities that do not speak Croatian that have been adapted to Croatian spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times....
- Czech exonymsCzech exonymsThe following is a list of Czech exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Czech that have been adapted to Czech phonological system and spelling rules, or are simply native names from ancient times...
- Danish exonymsDanish exonymsthumb|Bilingual town sign of [[Flensburg]], GermanyDanish language exonyms for non-Danish speaking locations exist, primarily in Europe, but many of these are not commonly used anymore, with a few notable exceptions. Rom , Lissabon and Sankt Petersborg are still compulsory, while e.g. Prag and...
- Dutch exonymsDutch exonymsBelow is list of Dutch language exonyms for places in non-Dutch-speaking areas of Europe-Austria :*Wien Wenen*Kärnten Karinthië*Steiermark Stiermarken*Tyrol Tirool*Wienerwald Weense Woud-Czech Republic :...
- English exonymsEnglish exonymsBelow is list of English language exonyms:-Albania:Shqipëria*Tiranë: Tirana -Austria:Österreich*Wien: Vienna-Belgium:...
- Estonian exonymsEstonian exonymsBelow is list of Estonian language exonyms for places in non-Estonian-speaking countries:...
- Finnish exonymsFinnish exonymsBelow is list of Finnish language exonyms for towns and cities in non-Finnish-speaking areas:-Cyprus :*Ammochostos-Gazimağusa Famagusta*Lefkosía-Lefkoşa Nikosia-Denmark :*København Kööpenhamina*Jylland Jyllanti, Juutinmaa...
- French exonymsFrench exonymsBelow is list of French language exonyms for places in non-French-speaking areas :-Regions:*Kärnten Carinthie*Steiermark Styrie*Tirol Tyrol-Belarus:...
- German
- German exonymsGerman exonymsBelow is list of German language exonyms for formerly German places and places in non-German-speaking areas of the world :-Links to more extensive lists:Belgium* List of German exonyms for places in BelgiumCroatia...
- Australian place names changed from German namesAustralian place names changed from German namesDuring World War I, many German-sounding place names in Australia were changed because of Anti-German sentiment. The new names were often Anglicized , given Aboriginal names , names of famous people , or battlefields . This was done through an Act of Parliament, as well as by petition...
- German names for Central European townsGerman names for Central European townsThis article deals with the historic German language names of towns and cities in Central Europe.Many place names in Central Europe, mostly in the former German Empire and Austria-Hungary, but now located in non-German-speaking countries, have traditionally had equivalents in the German language...
- German placename etymologyGerman placename etymologyPlacenames in the German language area can be classified by the language from which they originate, and by their age.- Suffixes :# -ach, . Examples: Echternach, Salzach....
- List of English exonyms for German toponyms
- List of German exonyms for places in Belgium
- List of German exonyms for places in the Czech Republic
- List of German exonyms for places in Croatia
- List of German exonyms for places in Italy
- List of German exonyms for places in Poland
- List of German exonyms for places in Switzerland
- German exonyms
- Greek exonymsGreek exonymsBelow is a list of modern day Greek language exonyms for European places outside of Greece and Cyprus. Place names that are not mentioned are generally referred to in Greek by their respective names in their native languages, or at the closest pronunciation a Greek speaker can get...
- Hungarian exonymsHungarian exonymsBelow is a list of Hungarian language exonyms for places outside of Hungary. It excludes transliterations with the same pronunciation as the endonym.-Austria:...
- Icelandic exonymsIcelandic exonymsThe following is a list of Icelandic exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Icelandic that have been adapted to Icelandic spelling rules, or are simply native names from Viking times ....
- Irish exonymsIrish exonyms-States and territories:This list includes sovereign states and other territories, alongside some of their capitals, major settlements and/or subdivisions.*Abkhazia - an Abcáis*Afghanistan - an Afganastáin**Kabul - Cabúl*Albania - an Albáin**Tirana - Tiorána...
- Italian exonymsItalian exonymsBelow is list of Italian language exonyms for places in non-Italian-speaking areas of Europe :In recent years, the use of Italian exonyms for lesser known places has significantly decreased, in favour of the foreign toponym....
- Latvian exonymsLatvian exonymsBelow is list of Latvian language exonyms for places in non-Latvian-speaking areas of Europe :-Austria:*Graz Grāca*Innsbruck Insbruka*Kitzbühel Kicbīela*Klagenfurt Klāgenfurte*Linz Linca*Salzburg Zalcburga*Villach Fillaha*Wels Velsa*Wien Vīne...
- Names of Lithuanian places in other languagesNames of Lithuanian places in other languagesThis page lists some names of places in Lithuania, as they are called in Lithuanian, and as they are called or were formerly called in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Lithuanian territory.- Cities :- Towns :...
- Names of Lithuanian places in other languages
- Lithuanian exonymsLithuanian exonymsBelow is list of Lithuanian language exonyms for places in non-Lithuanian-speaking areas of Europe :Note that this list does not include place names whose only alteration is that the ending -as has been appended to the local name Below is list of Lithuanian language exonyms for places in...
- Names of Belarusian places in other languagesNames of Belarusian places in other languagesThis page lists some names of places in Belarus, as they are called in Belarusian and in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Belarusian territory.-Minsk Region:-Brest Region:-Homiel Region:-Hrodna Region:...
- Names of Belarusian places in other languages
- Maltese exonymsMaltese exonymsBelow is list of Maltese exonyms for towns, cities and villages outside of Malta.-Belgium:Belġju*Bruxelles-Brussel Brussell*Vlaanderen Fjandra*Wallonie Vallonja-France:Franza*Marseille Marsilja*Nice Nizza*Paris Pariġi*Strasbourg Strasburgu...
- Norwegian exonymsNorwegian exonymsAs a general rule, modern Norwegian does not use exonyms for names with endonyms in Latin script. Historically, several Danish/German exonyms have been in use, due to the Danish roots of the Bokmål variety of Norwegian, but these exonyms should be considered archaic, and are no longer used...
- Polish exonymsPolish exonymsBelow is list of Polish language exonyms for places in non-Polish-speaking areas of Europe :-Belarus :*Ashmyany Oszmiana*Astraviec Ostrowiec*Babruysk Bobrujsk*Baranovichi Baranowicze*Biaroza Bereza Kartuska*Brasłaŭ Brasław...
- Names of Belarusian places in other languagesNames of Belarusian places in other languagesThis page lists some names of places in Belarus, as they are called in Belarusian and in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Belarusian territory.-Minsk Region:-Brest Region:-Homiel Region:-Hrodna Region:...
- Names of Lithuanian places in other languagesNames of Lithuanian places in other languagesThis page lists some names of places in Lithuania, as they are called in Lithuanian, and as they are called or were formerly called in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Lithuanian territory.- Cities :- Towns :...
- Names of Belarusian places in other languages
- Portuguese exonymsPortuguese exonymsBelow is a list of Portuguese language exonyms for places in non-Portuguese-speaking areas of Europe. Some of them are used exclusively in European Portuguese while others appear just in Brazilian Portuguese...
- Romanian exonymsRomanian exonymsBelow is list of 'borrowed words' into Romanian language, or exonym-words for places outside Romania and Republic of Moldova. Most of them shall keep the original writing, unless not using latin alphabet :-Albania:*Voskopojë Moscopolea*Korçë Curceauă...
- Russian exonymsRussian exonymsBelow is a list of Russian language exonyms for places, mainly in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym, some exonyms are marked as historical, modern exonyms may match the toponyms....
- Names of Belarusian places in other languagesNames of Belarusian places in other languagesThis page lists some names of places in Belarus, as they are called in Belarusian and in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Belarusian territory.-Minsk Region:-Brest Region:-Homiel Region:-Hrodna Region:...
- Names of Lithuanian places in other languagesNames of Lithuanian places in other languagesThis page lists some names of places in Lithuania, as they are called in Lithuanian, and as they are called or were formerly called in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Lithuanian territory.- Cities :- Towns :...
- Names of Belarusian places in other languages
- Serbian exonymsSerbian exonymsBelow is list of exonyms for places which in the Serbian language have a different name.-Albania :*Ballsh *Durrës *Kukës...
- Slavic toponyms for Greek places
- Slovak exonymsSlovak exonymsBelow is a list of Slovak language exonyms for towns and villages in non-Slovak-speaking areas of the World :Caveat: some of them are only used in historical contexts today...
- Slovenian exonymsSlovenian exonymsBelow is list of Slovene language exonyms and endonyms for places outside of Slovenia:-Austria :*Bad Radkersburg Radgona*Eisenstadt Železno*Graz Gradec*Innsbruck Inomost*Leibnitz Lipnica*Salzburg Solnograd*Seckau Sekava*Wien Dunaj...
- Spanish exonymsSpanish exonymsThe following is a list of Spanish exonyms, that is to say names for places that do not speak Spanish that have been adapted to Spanish spelling rules, or are historic Spanish names for places even if they do not directly reflect a place's current or native name.It is important to note that some...
- Swedish exonymsSwedish exonymsBelow is list of Swedish language exonyms for places in non-Swedish-speaking areas of the world.Older Swedish forms, which are not commonly used nowadays, are in brackets .-Albania:-Argentina:-Austria:-Belgium:-China:-Cuba:...
- Turkish exonymsTurkish exonymsMany places have exonyms, names for places that differs from that used in the official or well-established language within that place, in the Turkish language...
- Ukrainian exonymsUkrainian exonymsBelow is a list of Ukrainian language exonyms for places in Europe. Note that this list only includes names that are significantly different from the local toponym.*Beograd Белград/Belhrad*Bucureşti Бухарест/Bukharest*Chełm Холм/Kholm...
- Vietnamese exonymsVietnamese exonymsBelow is a list of Vietnamese exonyms for various cities and countries around the world. The list does not include Vietnamese-speaking areas and cities, including Vietnam itself. Cities in bold is the capital city of their respective country...
- Welsh exonymsWelsh exonymsThe modern Welsh language contains names for many towns and other geographical features in Great Britain and elsewhere. Names of places outside Wales are exonyms....
Other
- Exonym and endonymExonym and endonymIn ethnolinguistics, an endonym or autonym is a local name for a geographical feature, and an exonym or xenonym is a foreign language name for it...
- Toponomy
- Lists of places
- Lists of etymologies
- List of countries and capitals in native languages
- List of alternative country names
- List of country names in various languages
- List of European exonyms
- List of Latin place names in Europe
- List of European regions with alternative names
- List of European rivers with alternative names
- Place names in IrishPlace names in IrishThe vast majority of placenames in Ireland are anglicisations of Irish language names; that is, adaptations of the Irish names to English phonology and spelling. However, some names come directly from the English language, and a handful come from Old Norse and Ulster Scots...
- List of traditional Greek place names
- Names of Asian cities in different languagesNames of Asian cities in different languagesThis is a list of cities in Asia that have several different names in different languages, including former names. Many cities have different names in different languages...
- List of cities in the Americas with alternative names
- List of cities in Europe
- List of metropolitan areas in Europe by population
- List of villages in Europe by country
- Names of Belarusian places in other languagesNames of Belarusian places in other languagesThis page lists some names of places in Belarus, as they are called in Belarusian and in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Belarusian territory.-Minsk Region:-Brest Region:-Homiel Region:-Hrodna Region:...
- Names of Lithuanian places in other languagesNames of Lithuanian places in other languagesThis page lists some names of places in Lithuania, as they are called in Lithuanian, and as they are called or were formerly called in other languages spoken by ethnic groups which are or have been represented within Lithuanian territory.- Cities :- Towns :...