Opatówek
Encyclopedia
Opatówek o is a village of 3,800 inhabitants situated 10 km southeast from Kalisz
Kalisz
Kalisz is a city in central Poland with 106,857 inhabitants , the capital city of the Kalisz Region. Situated on the Prosna river in the southeastern part of the Greater Poland Voivodeship, the city forms a conurbation with the nearby towns of Ostrów Wielkopolski and Nowe Skalmierzyce...
, county
County
A county is a jurisdiction of local government in certain modern nations. Historically in mainland Europe, the original French term, comté, and its equivalents in other languages denoted a jurisdiction under the sovereignty of a count A county is a jurisdiction of local government in certain...
(Powiat
Powiat
A powiat is the second-level unit of local government and administration in Poland, equivalent to a county, district or prefecture in other countries. The term powiat is most often translated into English as "county", although other terms are also sometimes used...
) of Kalisz County
Kalisz County
Kalisz County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kalisz, although the city...
in the province
Province
A province is a territorial unit, almost always an administrative division, within a country or state.-Etymology:The English word "province" is attested since about 1330 and derives from the 13th-century Old French "province," which itself comes from the Latin word "provincia," which referred to...
of Wielkopolska, Poland. The commune
Gmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
(Gmina
Gmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
) of Opatówek, including the village of Opatówek and 26 other villages, has about 10,000 inhabitants and is an agricultural and industrial region. (See also Commune Opatówek.)
Landscape
The commune is situated in a picturesque landscape of the Opatówek-Malanów Hills. The hills of Chełmce (187 m), Rajsko (177.2 m) and Tłokinia Kościelna (164.7 m) dominate the valleys of rivers PokrzywnicaPokrzywnica
Pokrzywnica may refer to the following places:*Pokrzywnica, Łódź Voivodeship *Pokrzywnica, Jędrzejów County in Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship...
, Cienia and Swędrnia. The neighbour comunes of the commune Opatówek are: Żelazków, Ceków-Kolonia
Ceków-Kolonia
Ceków-Kolonia is a village in Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Ceków-Kolonia. It lies approximately north-east of Kalisz and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
and Koźminek in the north, Szczytniki
Szczytniki, Kalisz County
Szczytniki is a village in Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Szczytniki. It lies approximately south-east of Kalisz and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.-References:...
in the east, Godziesze Wielkie
Godziesze Wielkie
Godziesze Wielkie is a village in Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Godziesze Wielkie. It lies approximately south-east of Kalisz and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.The village has a population of...
in the south and the city of Kalisz in the west. The architecture of the village of Opatówek is dominated by the neogothic and classicistic
Classicism
Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint...
style of the 19th century the most successful time of the town during the booming years of industrialism. The region of Opatówek is mostly notable for its fruitful, agricultural landscape and several rivers and lakes.
Early settlements
After early CeltCelt
The Celts were a diverse group of tribal societies in Iron Age and Roman-era Europe who spoke Celtic languages.The earliest archaeological culture commonly accepted as Celtic, or rather Proto-Celtic, was the central European Hallstatt culture , named for the rich grave finds in Hallstatt, Austria....
ic settlements the region was settled between 400 BC and 300 AD by Lugii
Lugii
The Lugii, Lugi, Lygii, Ligii, Lugiones, Lygians, Ligians, Lugians, or Lougoi were an ancient Germanic tribe attested in the book Germania by the Roman historian Tacitus. They lived in ca...
. Kalisz was an important station of the Amber Road
Amber Road
The Amber Road was an ancient trade route for the transfer of amber. As one of the waterways and ancient highways, for centuries the road led from Europe to Asia and back, and from northern Africa to the Baltic Sea....
called Calisia
Calisia
Calisia was a "station" on so-called "Amber Road", mentioned by Ptolemy, formerly universally identified with Kalisz in Poland. Besides the similarity of the names, the identification was supported by the closeness between the latitude given by Ptolemy and the actual latitude of Kalisz .The...
.
Mediaval and modern times
Opatówek belonged to archbishops of GnieznoGniezno
Gniezno is a city in central-western Poland, some 50 km east of Poznań, inhabited by about 70,000 people. One of the Piasts' chief cities, it was mentioned by 10th century A.D. sources as the capital of Piast Poland however the first capital of Piast realm was most likely Giecz built around...
since 13th century, who probably helped it to obtain municipal rights. The archbishop Jarosław of Bogoria and Skotnik built a brick church and a castle here in about 1360, which were visited by outstanding clergymen and civil dignitaries. Both buildings stood until the beginning of the 19th century. From 1655 until 1660 the area was occupied by Sweden. In 1706 was the great battle close to Kalisz between Saxon and Swedish armies that involved 50000 soldiers all together. The Saxon army helped by the Russian army defeated Swedish army and Polish soldiers led by Stanisław Leszczyński.
In 1793 the archbishops' property was confiscated by the Prussian authorities; since 1807 it belonged to general Józef Zajączek
Józef Zajaczek
Prince Józef Zajączek , was a Polish general and politician.His first important military post was that of an aide-de-camp to hetman Franciszek Ksawery Branicki...
, the future governor of the Kingdom of Poland
Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
. In that time many buildings designed by the most outstanding architects were constructed; moreover, the governor carried out reforms in his property which enabled the economical development in this area.
Also Napoleon's Grande Armée
La Grande Armée
The Grande Armée first entered the annals of history when, in 1805, Napoleon I renamed the army that he had assembled on the French coast of the English Channel for the proposed invasion of Britain...
passed the Kalisz County at the French invasion of Russia (1812). After the Vienna Congress 1815 Poland came under Russian government as Congress Poland
Congress Poland
The Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
until World War I.
Industrial Revolution and the 19th century
Beginning of the 19th century the industrial revolution did not stop at Poland. Several German industrialist's started running branches cross border. Cities on both sides of the border started booming.With the foundation of the big weaving
Weaving
Weaving is a method of fabric production in which two distinct sets of yarns or threads are interlaced at right angles to form a fabric or cloth. The other methods are knitting, lace making and felting. The longitudinal threads are called the warp and the lateral threads are the weft or filling...
mill by Adolf Gottlieb Fiedler
Adolf Gottlieb Fiedler
Adolf Gottlieb Fiedler was a German entrepreneur in Saxony and Poland. He had one son, Edward Magnus.-Life:...
, a Saxon
Saxony
The Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
industrialist, Opatówek started booming. Fiedler established one of the biggest weaving mills in the Kingdom of Poland in 1824-26. The government of Polish Kingdom created very good conditions for the development of industry. Adolf Gottlieb Fiedler received a big loan from the polish government to build the factory in Opatowek. Also in spite of lower salaries he followed other cloth producers to eastern regions at the time of the German industrial revolution
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times...
. The German investments in Poland were followed by Saxon and bohemian
Bohemian
A Bohemian is a resident of the former Kingdom of Bohemia, either in a narrow sense as the region of Bohemia proper or in a wider meaning as the whole country, now known as the Czech Republic. The word "Bohemian" was used to denote the Czech people as well as the Czech language before the word...
specialists to run the factories. There they found cheap workers, water power and they brought in their knowhow. The factory of Opatówek employed 600 workers and the company won several international prizes with their products. The Opatówek factory was the cash cow of Fiedler's company. The town grew with great speed.
In 1870, Opatówek lost its municipal rights as a result of the suppression after the January Uprising and because of the economical decay. In the end of the 19th century a Wooden Toys Factory was established in Opatowek, whose products won numerous prizes at European expositions. The profit-making, well organised property yielded a big profit to the next owners.
The 20th century
At the end of 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, Opatówek was, like most cities of Greater PolandGreater Poland
Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history...
, touched by independence movements against Prussia and Russia. This Greater Poland Uprising led after World War I to the Second Polish Republic
Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, Second Commonwealth of Poland or interwar Poland refers to Poland between the two world wars; a period in Polish history in which Poland was restored as an independent state. Officially known as the Republic of Poland or the Commonwealth of Poland , the Polish state was...
. After the Invasion of Poland (1939)
Invasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II in Europe...
the responsibility of Kalisz and Kalisz County moved to Litzmannsdorf (Łódź). There have been several resistance movements, most of them were detected by the Gestapo
Gestapo
The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...
.
After World War II there have been several regional changes. During the Gomułka government (1956-1970) the economy of the whole region stood still, not only because of the iron curtain. The following government, that of Edward Gierek
Edward Gierek
Edward Gierek was a Polish communist politician.He was born in Porąbka, outside of Sosnowiec. He lost his father to a mining accident in a pit at the age of four. His mother married again and emigrated to northern France, where he was raised. He joined the French Communist Party in 1931 and was...
, brought fresh wind into the region and economy grew again. Since 1990 the Third Polish Republic was founded. All Polish provinces were restructured again and Opatówek became part of Kalisz County
Kalisz County
Kalisz County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Greater Poland Voivodeship, west-central Poland. It came into being on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Kalisz, although the city...
in the restructured province Greater Poland
Greater Poland
Greater Poland or Great Poland, often known by its Polish name Wielkopolska is a historical region of west-central Poland. Its chief city is Poznań.The boundaries of Greater Poland have varied somewhat throughout history...
.
Today
Nowadays there are about 800 private firms in the commune of Opatówek. They deal with production, trade or services. The Bank Spółdzielczy Ziemi Kaliskiej and a branch of the PKO Bank deal with financial service of the inhabitants, institutions and firms. In 1998 the Garden and Agriculture Fair "Pamiętajcie o ogrodach" took place in Opatówek for the first time. The local gardeners and fruit-growers, as well as exhibitors from all over the country and abroad participate in it every year. In 2001 the seventh Country-wide Youth Games for Summer Sports "Wielkopolska 2001" was inaugurated at the artificial lake in Szałe. The communeGmina
The gmina is the principal unit of administrative division of Poland at its lowest uniform level. It is often translated as "commune" or "municipality." As of 2010 there were 2,479 gminas throughout the country...
Opatówek was the host of the rowing and mountain cycling competition. The following Games for Water sports took place in summer 2004. The lake can be visited on board of the tourist ship Opatówek. The commune is represented every year by the football team "Sparta" at the regional competition. In 2006 a modern sports hall has been built where the national and international volleyball
Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.The complete rules are extensive...
matches were held.
Museum
The Museum of the History of Industry features a collection showing the development of industry in the Kalisz region since the beginning of the 19th century. It also contains the biggest collection of pianos and fortepianos produced on the Polish territory of Poland (in the historic building of former cloth factory). The museum was put down on the International Committee for Preservation of Industrial Heritage list. Concerts, conferences and different events (among others, the yearly musical event "Opatówecki Salon Muzyczny") take place here.Monuments
- A little bridge in the park, which is the oldest existing bridge made of cast iron in the former Kingdom of PolandHistory of PolandThe History of Poland is rooted in the arrival of the Slavs, who gave rise to permanent settlement and historic development on Polish lands. During the Piast dynasty Christianity was adopted in 966 and medieval monarchy established...
- Former Adolf Gottlieb FiedlerAdolf Gottlieb FiedlerAdolf Gottlieb Fiedler was a German entrepreneur in Saxony and Poland. He had one son, Edward Magnus.-Life:...
cloth mill factory built in the style of classicismClassicismClassicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint...
(1824), today Industry History Museum of Opatowek - There are some monuments from the general Zajączek's times, among them: so-called "cake shop", the palace annexe, the farm workers’ houses.
Churches
There are 4 parishParish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...
churches in the commune.
- The oldest one - the Saint Michael Archangel's church in Rajsko - was built at the beginning of the 17th century (about 1607).
- The wooden St. Jack Apostle in Tłokinia Koscielna was built in the end of the 17th century
- The neogothic of Birth of Saint God Mother in Chełmce built in 1883 at the place of former sacred buildings.
- The neogothic church of the St. Jesus' Heart in Opatówek was built in the beginning of 20th century at the place of former sacred buildings.
Cultural institutions
- The Communal Public Library in Opatówek has also got a broad scope of activity. It has two branches in RajskoRajsko, Greater Poland VoivodeshipRajsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Opatówek, east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
and Tłokinia Wielka; since 1999 it has played the role of the District Library in the Kalisz District. The library with the valuable collection of books is completely computerised. - A broad scope of activity is also executed by the communal Culture Centre in Opatówek and the Writer House (owned by NOT) in Tłokinia Kościelna.
General activities
- Polish Republic Veterans and Former Political Prisoners Association,
- Pensioners and Disabled People's Association
- Polish Fishing Association
- The 16 Voluntary Fire Brigades play an important role in the commune's social life. They are represented at celebrations and concerts by their brass bands. They have long traditions; the Voluntary Fire Brigade in Opatówek celebrated its 120 anniversary in 2002.
- There are very active Farmer's Wives Circles in many villages.
- Local football club "Sparta"
- The Opatówek Lovers Association was founded in 1990 and publishes the magazine Opatowianin
Additional attractions
- A narrow gauge railway from Opatowek to Zbierk, originally built for the transport of sugar-beets to the sugar factory in Zbiersk, today tourist attraction
- A boat tour on the lake of Szałe
Geography
Another advantage is its location—10 km away from Kalisz, the big urban centre and the seat of district authorities, as well as good transport connections with Kalisz and provinces' capitals: PoznańPoznan
Poznań is a city on the Warta river in west-central Poland, with a population of 556,022 in June 2009. It is among the oldest cities in Poland, and was one of the most important centres in the early Polish state, whose first rulers were buried at Poznań's cathedral. It is sometimes claimed to be...
, Łódź and Wrocław. The big transcontinental east–west motorway E30
Autostrada A2 (Poland)
The autostrada A2 in Poland is a motorway which, when completed, will run from west to east through central Poland, from the Polish-German border in Świecko/Frankfurt , through Poznań, Łódź and Warsaw to the Polish-Belarusian border in Terespol/Brest...
from Berlin via Poznań, Warsaw to Moscow is just 30 km north of Opatówek under construction. Not even 100 km east, close to Łódź, there is the major east European motorway, the E75
Autostrada A1 (Poland)
The autostrada A1 in Poland is a planned and under-construction motorway which will run from north to south through central Poland, from Gdańsk on the Baltic Sea through Łódź and the Upper Silesian Industry Area to the Polish-Czech border in Gorzyczki /Věřňovice , where it will connect with the...
under construction. This motorway will connect the Baltic States via Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
and Łódź to Prague
Prague
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Situated in the north-west of the country on the Vltava river, the city is home to about 1.3 million people, while its metropolitan area is estimated to have a population of over 2.3 million...
and Athens
Athens
Athens , is the capital and largest city of Greece. Athens dominates the Attica region and is one of the world's oldest cities, as its recorded history spans around 3,400 years. Classical Athens was a powerful city-state...
.
A cycle path runs alongside Opatówek and through the park. Tourists and travellers can find favourable conditions to take a rest in the Czarnuszka motel at the road No 12, which goes from Łęknica at the west border to Dorohusk
Dorohusk
Dorohusk is a village in Chełm County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland, close to the border with Ukraine. It is the seat of the gmina called Gmina Dorohusk. It lies approximately east of Chełm and east of the regional capital Lublin.The village has a population of 517.-References:...
at the Ukrainian
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
border.
Opatowek is also directly connected to Łódź and Kalisz by railway.
Education
- a kindergarten
- three primary schools (six classes starting at age of seven) in Cienia Druga, Sierzchow and the Janusz Kusociński School in Opatowek
- three school groups (primary and grammar schoolGrammar schoolA grammar school is one of several different types of school in the history of education in the United Kingdom and some other English-speaking countries, originally a school teaching classical languages but more recently an academically-oriented secondary school.The original purpose of mediaeval...
bundled) in Chelmce, Rajsko, and Tlokinia Wielka - a grammar school with just new school buildings in Opatowek called Gimnazjum which has received the title of "A classy school" and won The 21st century League interdisciplinary contest. At Gimnazjum you will meet qualified, creative and helpful teachers and a lot of excellent students. More information about our school you can find here: http://www.gimnopatowek.friko.pl/
- Stanislaw Mikolajczyk school, a secondary schoolSecondary schoolSecondary school is a term used to describe an educational institution where the final stage of schooling, known as secondary education and usually compulsory up to a specified age, takes place...
preparing for university and technical school for gardners and farmers - Wyższa Szkoła Informatyki - a branch of the private college of Computer ScienceComputer scienceComputer science or computing science is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and of practical techniques for their implementation and application in computer systems...
in Łódź
Villages
Borów near Kalisz, Chełmce, Cienia-FolwarkCienia-Folwark
Cienia-Folwark is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.The village has a population of 64.-References:...
, Cienia Pierwsza
Cienia Pierwsza
Cienia Pierwsza is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Opatówek, south-east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.-References:...
, Cienia Druga
Cienia Druga
Cienia Druga is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Opatówek, south-east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.-References:...
, Cienia Trzecia
Cienia Trzecia
Cienia Trzecia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south-west of Opatówek, south-east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.-References:...
, Dębe-Kolonia
Debe-Kolonia
Dębe-Kolonia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland.-References:...
, Janików
Janików, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Janików is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Opatówek, east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
, Józefów, Kobierno, Michałów Drugi, Michałów Trzeci, Nędzerzew, Nowa Tłokinia, Opatówek, Porwity
Porwity
Porwity is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Opatówek, south-east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
, Rajsko
Rajsko, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Rajsko is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately east of Opatówek, east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
, Rożdżały, Sierzchów
Sierzchów, Greater Poland Voivodeship
Sierzchów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Opatówek, east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
, Szałe, Szulec
Szulec
Szulec is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Opatówek, east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
, Tłokinia Kościelna, Tłokinia Mała, Tłokinia Wielka, Trojanów near Kalisz, Warszew
Warszew
Warszew is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately north-east of Opatówek, east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
, Zawady near Kalisz, Zduny
Zduny (Kalisz County)
Zduny is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Opatówek, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately west of Opatówek, east of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań....
.
People
- Edmund Dejter - (1905–1934) - doctor
- Adolf Gottlieb FiedlerAdolf Gottlieb FiedlerAdolf Gottlieb Fiedler was a German entrepreneur in Saxony and Poland. He had one son, Edward Magnus.-Life:...
- (1771–1850), Saxon entrepreneur in SaxonySaxonyThe Free State of Saxony is a landlocked state of Germany, contingent with Brandenburg, Saxony Anhalt, Thuringia, Bavaria, the Czech Republic and Poland. It is the tenth-largest German state in area, with of Germany's sixteen states....
and Poland - Agaton GillerAgaton GillerAgaton Giller was a Polish historian, journalist and politician. He and his brother Stefan Giller played notable roles in the Polish independence movement and in the January 1863 Uprising.-Life:During the January 1863 Uprising, Agaton Giller was a member of the National Government...
- (1831, Opatówek, Congress Poland - 1887, Stanisławów) - patriotic activist - Stefan GillerStefan GillerStefan Giller was born in Opatówek, Congress Poland, Russian Empire. With his elder brother, Agaton Giller, Stefan played an active role in the Polish independence movement and in the January 1863 Uprising.-Life:...
- (1833, Opatówek, Congress Poland - 1918) - poet, an epigone of Polish Romanticism - Władysław Pilars de Pilar - (Opatówek, 1874 - ChorzówChorzówChorzów is a city in Silesia in southern Poland, near Katowice. Chorzów is one of the central districts of the Upper Silesian Metropolitan Union - a metropolis with a population of 2 million...
, 1952), a literature professor at Warsaw University, poet and entrepreneur