The Republic of Sudan is a sovereign country located in eastern North Africa

North Africa

North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...

. Sudan is the second most extensive country in Africa

Africa

Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...

 and the sixteenth most extensive country in the world. It is bordered by Egypt

Egypt

Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

 to the north, the Red Sea

Red Sea

The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez...

 to the northeast, Eritrea

Eritrea

Eritrea , officially the State of Eritrea, is a country in the Horn of Africa. Eritrea derives it's name from the Greek word Erethria, meaning 'red land'. The capital is Asmara. It is bordered by Sudan in the west, Ethiopia in the south, and Djibouti in the southeast...

 and Ethiopia

Ethiopia

Ethiopia , officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is the second-most populous nation in Africa, with over 82 million inhabitants, and the tenth-largest by area, occupying 1,100,000 km2...

 to the east, South Sudan

South Sudan

South Sudan , officially the Republic of South Sudan, is a landlocked country located in the Sahel region of northeastern Africa. It is also part of the North Africa UN sub-region. Its current capital is Juba, which is also its largest city; the capital city is planned to be moved to the more...

 to the southeast, the Central African Republic

Central African Republic

The Central African Republic , is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It borders Chad in the north, Sudan in the north east, South Sudan in the east, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Republic of the Congo in the south, and Cameroon in the west. The CAR covers a land area of about ,...

 to the southwest, Chad

Chad

Chad , officially known as the Republic of Chad, is a landlocked country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west...

 to the west and Libya

Libya

Libya is an African country in the Maghreb region of North Africa bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to the east, Sudan to the southeast, Chad and Niger to the south, and Algeria and Tunisia to the west....

 to the northwest. The country's name derives from the Arabic Bilad-al-Sudan, literally "land of the blacks." Sudan has recently emerged as the world's most unstable country according to the Failed States Index, mainly due to the Military Government

Military government

Military government can refer to conditions under either Military occupation, or Military dictatorship.-Military Government:Military government is the form of administration by which an occupying power exercises governmental authority over occupied territory.The Hague Conventions of 1907 specify...

 and the Darfur Conflict

Darfur conflict

The Darfur Conflict was a guerrilla conflict or civil war centered on the Darfur region of Sudan. It began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement/Army and Justice and Equality Movement groups in Darfur took up arms, accusing the Sudanese government of oppressing non-Arab Sudanese in...

. The country has long been plagued by civil war

Civil war

A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly-united nation state....

 stemming from racial and cultural inequality: most people in Sudan's northern region, which includes the capital city of Khartoum

Khartoum

Khartoum is the capital and largest city of Sudan and of Khartoum State. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile flowing west from Ethiopia. The location where the two Niles meet is known as "al-Mogran"...

, are Arabs, most of whom are Muslim

Muslim

A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

s; while most southerners are blacks, who mainly practice traditional African religions. Despite that division, Sudan is managing to be a growing economy.

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Sudan:

General reference

• Pronunciation
  International Phonetic Alphabet
  The International Phonetic Alphabet "The acronym 'IPA' strictly refers [...] to the 'International Phonetic Association'. But it is now such a common practice to use the acronym also to refer to the alphabet itself that resistance seems pedantic...
  
  :
• Common English country name: Sudan
  Sudan
  Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
  
  
• Official English country name: The Republic of Sudan
• Common endonym(s):
• Official endonym(s):
• Adjectival(s): Sudanese
• Demonym(s):
• Etymology
  Etymology
  Etymology is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.For languages with a long written history, etymologists make use of texts in these languages and texts about the languages to gather knowledge about how words were used during...
  
  : Name of Sudan
• ISO country codes: SD, SDN, 736
• ISO region codes: See ISO 3166-2:SD
  ISO 3166-2:SD
  ISO 3166-2:SD is the entry for Sudan in ISO 3166-2, part of the ISO 3166 standard published by the International Organization for Standardization , which defines codes for the names of the principal subdivisions of all countries coded in ISO 3166-1.Currently for Sudan, ISO 3166-2 codes are defined...
  
  
• Internet
  Internet
  The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite to serve billions of users worldwide...
  
   country code top-level domain
  Country code top-level domain
  A country code top-level domain is an Internet top-level domain generally used or reserved for a country, a sovereign state, or a dependent territory....
  
  : .sd
  .sd
  .sd is the Internet country code top-level domain for Sudan. It continues in use in South Sudan until the .ss TLD becomes operational .-2nd level domains:* com.sd - Companies* net.sd - Network providers and ISPs* org.sd - Sudanese NGOs...
  
  

Geography of Sudan

• Sudan is: a country
• Location
  • Sudan is situated within the following regions:
    • Northern Hemisphere
      Northern Hemisphere
      The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planet that is north of its equator—the word hemisphere literally means “half sphere”. It is also that half of the celestial sphere north of the celestial equator...
      
       and Eastern Hemisphere
      Eastern Hemisphere
      The Eastern Hemisphere, also Eastern hemisphere or eastern hemisphere, is a geographical term for the half of the Earth that is east of the Prime Meridian and west of 180° longitude. It is also used to refer to Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australasia, vis-à-vis the Western Hemisphere, which includes...
      
      
    • Africa
      Africa
      Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
      
      
      • North Africa
        North Africa
        North Africa or Northern Africa is the northernmost region of the African continent, linked by the Sahara to Sub-Saharan Africa. Geopolitically, the United Nations definition of Northern Africa includes eight countries or territories; Algeria, Egypt, Libya, Morocco, South Sudan, Sudan, Tunisia, and...
        
        
      • East Africa
        East Africa
        East Africa or Eastern Africa is the easterly region of the African continent, variably defined by geography or geopolitics. In the UN scheme of geographic regions, 19 territories constitute Eastern Africa:...
        
        
      • partially within the Sahara Desert
    • Greater Middle East
      Greater Middle East
      The Greater Middle East is a political term coined by the Bush administration to group together together various countries, pertaining to the Muslim world, specifically Iran, Turkey, Afghanistan and Pakistan. Various Central Asian countries are sometimes also included. Some speakers may use the...
      
      
  • Time zone
    Time zone
    A time zone is a region on Earth that has a uniform standard time for legal, commercial, and social purposes. In order for the same clock time to always correspond to the same portion of the day as the Earth rotates , different places on the Earth need to have different clock times...
    
    : East Africa Time
    East Africa Time
    East Africa Time, or EAT, is a time zone used in eastern Africa. The zone is three hours ahead of UTC , which is the same as Arabia Standard Time, and also the same as Eastern European Summer Time....
    
     (UTC+03)
  • Extreme points of Sudan
    • High: Kinyeti
      Kinyeti
      Mount Kinyeti is the highest peak in South Sudan. Located in the Imatong Mountains in Ikotos county of Eastern Equatoria state, near the Ugandan border, Kinyeti has an elevation of above sea level.....
      
       3187 m (10,456 ft)
    • Low: Red Sea
      Red Sea
      The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez...
      
       0 m
  • Land boundaries: 6,751 km

 Ethiopia 769 km

 Chad 1,360 km

 Egypt 1,273 km

 Central African Republic 175 km

 Eritrea 605 km

 Libya 383 km

1 937 km

• Coastline: Red Sea
  Red Sea
  The Red Sea is a seawater inlet of the Indian Ocean, lying between Africa and Asia. The connection to the ocean is in the south through the Bab el Mandeb strait and the Gulf of Aden. In the north, there is the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba, and the Gulf of Suez...
  
   853 km
• Population of Sudan: 30,894,000 (2008) - 32nd most populous country
• Area of Sudan: 1,886,068 km²
• Atlas of Sudan

Environment of Sudan

• Climate of Sudan
• Environmental issues in Sudan
  Environmental issues in Sudan
  Environmental issues in Sudan - Sudan suffers from inadequate supplies of potable water, declining wildlife populations because of warfare and excessive hunting, soil erosion, desertification, and periodic droughts....
  
  
• Ecoregions in Sudan
• Renewable energy in Sudan
• Geology of Sudan
• Protected areas of Sudan
  • Biosphere reserves in Sudan
  • National parks of Sudan
• Wildlife of Sudan
  Wildlife of Sudan
  The wildlife of Sudan is composed of its flora and fauna. It has 287 species of mammals and 207 species of birds.-References:...
  
  
  • Flora of Sudan
  • Fauna of Sudan
    • Birds of Sudan
    • Mammals of Sudan

Natural geographic features of Sudan

• Glaciers in Sudan: none
• Islands of Sudan
• Lakes of Sudan
• Mountains of Sudan
  • Volcanoes in Sudan
• Rivers of Sudan
  • Waterfalls of Sudan
• Valleys of Sudan
• World Heritage Sites in Sudan

Administrative divisions of Sudan

• States of Sudan
  States of Sudan
  Below is a list of the 15 states of Sudan, organized by their original provinces during the period of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Arabic language versions are, as appropriate, in parentheses. States that were not provinces before 1994 are marked with . Transliterations from Arabic to English may vary;...
  
  
  • Districts of Sudan
    Districts of Sudan
    The States of Sudan were subdivided into 133 districts. With the adoption of the Interim National Constitution of Sudan and the Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan , the ten states of South Sudan are however now divided into counties....
    
    
    • Municipalities of Sudan

States of Sudan

• Blue Nile
  Blue Nile (state)
  Blue Nile called Central from 1991 until 1994, is one of the 15 states of Sudan. It was established by Presidential Decree Nº3 in 1992 and is named after the Blue Nile River. It has an area of 45,844 km² and an estimated population of 1,193,293 . The Central Bureau of Statistics quoted the...
  
  
• Al Jazirah
  Al Jazirah (state)
  Al Jazirah , also spelled Gezira, is one of the 15 states of Sudan. The state lies between the Blue Nile and the White Nile in the east-central region of the country. It has an area of 27,549 km². The name comes from the Arabic word for peninsula. Wad Madani is the capital of the state.It is...
  
  
• Kassala
• Khartoum
  Khartoum (state)
  Khartoum is one of the 15 states of Sudan. It has an area of 22,122 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 7,152,102 . Khartoum, the national capital of Sudan, is the capital of the Khartoum State....
  
  
• North Darfur
  North Darfur
  North Darfur is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan. It is one of the three states composing the Darfur region. It has an area of 296,420 km² and an estimated population of approximately 1,583,000 . Al-Fashir is the capital of the state...
  
  
• North Kurdufan
  North Kurdufan
  North Kurdufan is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 185,302 km² and an estimated population of 2,529,370 . Al-Ubayyid is the capital of the state.North Kurdufan is generally arid and desert.- History :...
  
  
• Northern
  Northern, Sudan
  Northern is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 348,765 km² and an estimated population of 833,743 . Dongola is the capital of the state. The town of Wadi Halfa, a headquarters of the British in the late nineteenth century, is located in the north of the province....
  
  
• Al Qadarif
  Al Qadarif (state)
  Al Qadarif , also spelt Gadaref or Gadarif, is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 75,263 km² and an estimated population of approximately 1,400,000 . Al Qadarif is the capital of the state; other towns include Doka and Gallabat....
  
  
• Red Sea
  Red Sea (state)
  Red Sea is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan . It has an area of 212,800 km² and an estimated population of 1,396,000 . Port Sudan is the capital of the state. Sudan claims, but does not control the Hala'ib Triangle, a region disputed between Sudan and Egypt...
  
  
• River Nile
  River Nile (state)
  River Nile is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 122,123 km² and an estimated population of 1,027,534 . It consists of 6 localities Ad-Damir is the capital city of the state...
  
  
• Sennar
  Sennar (state)
  Sennar is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 37,844 km² and an estimated population of approximately 1,100,000 . Singa is the capital of Sennar State. Another significant town is Sennar , largest city in the state...
  
  
• South Darfur
  South Darfur
  South Darfur is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan. It is one of the three states that compose the region of Darfur in western Sudan. It has an area of and an estimated population of approximately 2,890,000 . Nyala is the capital of the state. The State was affected by the 2010 Sahel...
  
  
• South Kurdufan
  South Kurdufan
  Southern Kordofan is one of the 15 wilayat or provinces of Sudan. It has an area of 158,355 km² and an estimated population of approximately 1,100,000 people . Kaduqli is the capital of the state...
  
  
• West Darfur
  West Darfur
  West Darfur is one of the 15 states of Sudan, and one of three comprising the Darfur region. It has an area of 79,460 km² and an estimated population of approximately 1,007,000 . It borders North and South Darfur to the east. The Chadian prefectures of Biltine and Ouaddaï lie to the west,...
  
  
• White Nile
  White Nile (state)
  White Nile is one of the 15 wilayat or states of Sudan. It has an area of 30,411 km2 and an estimated population of approximately 1,188,707 . Since 1994 Rabak is the capital of the state; other important cities include Kosti and Ed Dueim....
  
  

Districts of Sudan

The States of Sudan

States of Sudan

Below is a list of the 15 states of Sudan, organized by their original provinces during the period of Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. Arabic language versions are, as appropriate, in parentheses. States that were not provinces before 1994 are marked with . Transliterations from Arabic to English may vary;...

 are subdivided into 133 district

District

Districts are a type of administrative division, in some countries managed by a local government. They vary greatly in size, spanning entire regions or counties, several municipalities, or subdivisions of municipalities.-Austria:...

s.

Government and politics of Sudan

Main article: Government of Sudan and Politics of Sudan

Politics of Sudan

Officially, the politics of Sudan takes place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic consociationalist republic, where the President of Sudan is Head of State, Head of Government and Commander-in-Chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces in a multi-party system...

• Form of government
  Form of government
  A form of government, or form of state governance, refers to the set of political institutions by which a government of a state is organized. Synonyms include "regime type" and "system of government".-Empirical and conceptual problems:...
  
  : authoritarian
  Authoritarianism
  Authoritarianism is a form of social organization characterized by submission to authority. It is usually opposed to individualism and democracy...
  
   democracy
  Democracy
  Democracy is generally defined as a form of government in which all adult citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives. Ideally, this includes equal participation in the proposal, development and passage of legislation into law...
  
  
• Capital of Sudan: Khartoum

• Elections in Sudan
  Elections in Sudan
  Elections in Sudan gives information on election and election results in Sudan.Sudan elects on national level a head of state - the president - and a legislature. In the most recent election of 2010, there were two presidential elections, one for the Presidency of the Republic of Sudan and one for...
  
  
  • (specific elections)
• Political parties in Sudan
• Political scandals of Sudan
• Taxation in Sudan

Executive branch of the government of Sudan

• Head of state
  Head of State
  A head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
  
  : President of Sudan,
• Head of government
  Head of government
  Head of government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. In a parliamentary system, the head of government is often styled prime minister, chief minister, premier, etc...
  
  : Prime Minister of Sudan
  Prime minister of Sudan
  -List of heads of government of Sudan:-Affiliations:*UNF - United National Front*NUP - National Unionist Party*DUP - Democratic Unionist Party...
  
  ,
• Cabinet of Sudan
  Cabinet of Sudan
  The Cabinet of Sudan is the chief executive body of the Republic of Sudan.-Current National Ministers:-External links:*, Republic of Sudan...
  
  

Legislative branch of the government of Sudan

• Parliament of Sudan (bicameral)
  • Upper house
    Upper house
    An upper house, often called a senate, is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the lower house; a legislature composed of only one house is described as unicameral.- Possible specific characteristics :...
    
    : Senate of Sudan
  • Lower house
    Lower house
    A lower house is one of two chambers of a bicameral legislature, the other chamber being the upper house.Despite its official position "below" the upper house, in many legislatures worldwide the lower house has come to wield more power...
    
    : House of Commons of Sudan

Judicial branch of the government of Sudan

• Supreme Court of Sudan

Foreign relations of Sudan

• Diplomatic missions in Sudan
• Diplomatic missions of Sudan
  Diplomatic missions of Sudan
  This is a list of diplomatic missions of Sudan,excluding honorary consulates.-Europe:** Vienna ** Baku ** Brussels ** Sofia ** Prague ** Paris ** Berlin ** Rome...
  
  

International organization membership

The Republic of Sudan is a member of:

• African, Caribbean, and Pacific Group of States (ACP)
• African Development Bank Group (AfDB)
• African Union
  African Union
  The African Union is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only all-African state not in the AU is Morocco. Established on 9 July 2002, the AU was formed as a successor to the Organisation of African Unity...
  
   (AU)
• Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
  Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa
  The Arab Bank for Economic Development in Africa is a financial institution funded by the Governments of the Member States of the League of Arab States on 18 February 1974 . It is an independent international institution enjoying international legal status and autonomy in administrative and...
  
   (ABEDA)
• Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
  Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development
  The Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development is a Kuwait-based, pan-Arab development finance institution. All member-states of the Arab League are members of the AFESD. As of 2003, it held around USD 7.3 billion in assets....
  
   (AFESD)
• Arab Monetary Fund
  Arab Monetary Fund
  The Arab Monetary Fund is a regional Arab organization, founded 1976, and operational from 1977. It is a working sub-organization of the Arab League.-Objectives:...
  
   (AMF)
• Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
  Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa
  The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, is a free trade area with nineteen member states stretching from Libya to Zimbabwe. COMESA formed in December 1994, replacing a Preferential Trade Area which had existed since 1981...
  
   (COMESA)
• Council of Arab Economic Unity
  Council of Arab Economic Unity
  The Council of Arab Economic Unity was established by Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Libya, Mauritania, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Syria, United Arab Emirates and Yemen on 3 June 1957...
  
   (CAEU)
• Food and Agriculture Organization
  Food and Agriculture Organization
  The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations is a specialised agency of the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger. Serving both developed and developing countries, FAO acts as a neutral forum where all nations meet as equals to negotiate agreements and...
  
   (FAO)
• Group of 77
  Group of 77
  The Group of 77 at the United Nations is a loose coalition of developing nations, designed to promote its members' collective economic interests and create an enhanced joint negotiating capacity in the United Nations. There were 77 founding members of the organization, but the organization has...
  
   (G77)
• Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
• International Atomic Energy Agency
  International Atomic Energy Agency
  The International Atomic Energy Agency is an international organization that seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy, and to inhibit its use for any military purpose, including nuclear weapons. The IAEA was established as an autonomous organization on 29 July 1957...
  
   (IAEA)
• International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
  The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is one of five institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The IBRD is an international organization whose original mission was to finance the reconstruction of nations devastated by World War II. Now, its mission has expanded to fight...
  
   (IBRD)
• International Civil Aviation Organization
  International Civil Aviation Organization
  The International Civil Aviation Organization , pronounced , , is a specialized agency of the United Nations. It codifies the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth...
  
   (ICAO)
• International Criminal Court
  International Criminal Court
  The International Criminal Court is a permanent tribunal to prosecute individuals for genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression .It came into being on 1 July 2002—the date its founding treaty, the Rome Statute of the...
  
   (ICCt) (signatory)
• International Criminal Police Organization (Interpol)
• International Development Association
  International Development Association
  The International Development Association , is the part of the World Bank that helps the world’s poorest countries. It complements the World Bank's other lending arm — the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development — which serves middle-income countries with capital investment and...
  
   (IDA)
• International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies
  The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies is a humanitarian institution that is part of the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement along with the ICRC and 186 distinct National Societies...
  
   (IFRCS)
• International Finance Corporation
  International Finance Corporation
  The International Finance Corporation promotes sustainable private sector investment in developing countries.IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington, D.C., United States....
  
   (IFC)
• International Fund for Agricultural Development
  International Fund for Agricultural Development
  The International Fund for Agricultural Development , a specialized agency of the United Nations, was established as an international financial institution in 1977 as one of the major outcomes of the 1974 World Food Conference. IFAD is dedicated to eradicating rural poverty in developing countries...
  
   (IFAD)
• International Labour Organization
  International Labour Organization
  The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that deals with labour issues pertaining to international labour standards. Its headquarters are in Geneva, Switzerland. Its secretariat — the people who are employed by it throughout the world — is known as the...
  
   (ILO)
• International Maritime Organization
  International Maritime Organization
  The International Maritime Organization , formerly known as the Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization , was established in Geneva in 1948, and came into force ten years later, meeting for the first time in 1959...
  
   (IMO)
• International Monetary Fund
  International Monetary Fund
  The International Monetary Fund is an organization of 187 countries, working to foster global monetary cooperation, secure financial stability, facilitate international trade, promote high employment and sustainable economic growth, and reduce poverty around the world...
  
   (IMF)
• International Olympic Committee
  International Olympic Committee
  The International Olympic Committee is an international corporation based in Lausanne, Switzerland, created by Pierre de Coubertin on 23 June 1894 with Demetrios Vikelas as its first president...
  
   (IOC)
• International Organization for Migration
  International Organization for Migration
  The International Organization for Migration is an intergovernmental organization. It was initially established in 1951 as the Intergovernmental Committee for European Migration to help resettle people displaced by World War II....
  
   (IOM)

• International Organization for Standardization
  International Organization for Standardization
  The International Organization for Standardization , widely known as ISO, is an international standard-setting body composed of representatives from various national standards organizations. Founded on February 23, 1947, the organization promulgates worldwide proprietary, industrial and commercial...
  
   (ISO)
• International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement
  The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement is an international humanitarian movement with approximately 97 million volunteers, members and staff worldwide which was founded to protect human life and health, to ensure respect for all human beings, and to prevent and alleviate human...
  
   (ICRM)
• International Telecommunication Union
  International Telecommunication Union
  The International Telecommunication Union is the specialized agency of the United Nations which is responsible for information and communication technologies...
  
   (ITU)
• International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
  International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
  The International Telecommunications Satellite Organization is an intergovernmental organisation charged with overseeing the public service obligations of Intelsat.-External links:*...
  
   (ITSO)
• Inter-Parliamentary Union (IPU)
• Islamic Development Bank
  Islamic Development Bank
  The Islamic Development Bank is a multilateral development financing institution located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. It was founded by the first conference of Finance Ministers of the Organisation of the Islamic Conference , convened 23 Dhu'l Qa'dah 1393 AH.The bank officially began its activities on...
  
   (IDB)
• League of Arab States (LAS)
• Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency
  The Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency is a member organization of the World Bank Group that offers political risk insurance. It was established to promote foreign direct investment into developing countries. MIGA was founded in 1988 with a capital base of $1 billion and is headquartered in...
  
   (MIGA)
• Nonaligned Movement (NAM)
• Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC)
• Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW)
• Permanent Court of Arbitration
  Permanent Court of Arbitration
  The Permanent Court of Arbitration , is an international organization based in The Hague in the Netherlands.-History:The court was established in 1899 as one of the acts of the first Hague Peace Conference, which makes it the oldest institution for international dispute resolution.The creation of...
  
   (PCA)
• United Nations
  United Nations
  The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are facilitating cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achievement of world peace...
  
   (UN)
• United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
  The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development was established in 1964 as a permanent intergovernmental body. It is the principal organ of the United Nations General Assembly dealing with trade, investment, and development issues....
  
   (UNCTAD)
• United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
  United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
  The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees , also known as The UN Refugee Agency is a United Nations agency mandated to protect and support refugees at the request of a government or the UN itself and assists in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to...
  
   (UNHCR)
• United Nations Industrial Development Organization
  United Nations Industrial Development Organization
  The United Nations Industrial Development Organization , French/Spanish acronym ONUDI, is a specialized agency in the United Nations system, headquartered in Vienna, Austria...
  
   (UNIDO)
• Universal Postal Union
  Universal Postal Union
  The Universal Postal Union is an international organization that coordinates postal policies among member nations, in addition to the worldwide postal system. The UPU contains four bodies consisting of the Congress, the Council of Administration , the Postal Operations Council and the...
  
   (UPU)
• World Customs Organization
  World Customs Organization
  The World Customs Organization is an intergovernmental organization headquartered in Brussels, Belgium. With its worldwide membership, the WCO is recognized as the voice of the global customs community...
  
   (WCO)
• World Federation of Trade Unions
  World Federation of Trade Unions
  The World Federation of Trade Unions was established in 1945 to replace the International Federation of Trade Unions. Its mission was to bring together trade unions across the world in a single international organization, much like the United Nations...
  
   (WFTU)
• World Health Organization
  World Health Organization
  The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations that acts as a coordinating authority on international public health. Established on 7 April 1948, with headquarters in Geneva, Switzerland, the agency inherited the mandate and resources of its predecessor, the Health...
  
   (WHO)
• World Intellectual Property Organization
  World Intellectual Property Organization
  The World Intellectual Property Organization is one of the 17 specialized agencies of the United Nations. WIPO was created in 1967 "to encourage creative activity, to promote the protection of intellectual property throughout the world"....
  
   (WIPO)
• World Meteorological Organization
  World Meteorological Organization
  The World Meteorological Organization is an intergovernmental organization with a membership of 189 Member States and Territories. It originated from the International Meteorological Organization , which was founded in 1873...
  
   (WMO)
• World Tourism Organization
  World Tourism Organization
  The World Tourism Organization , based in Madrid, Spain, is a United Nations agency dealing with questions relating to tourism. It compiles the World Tourism rankings. The World Tourism Organization is a significant global body, concerned with the collection and collation of statistical information...
  
   (UNWTO)
• World Trade Organization
  World Trade Organization
  The World Trade Organization is an organization that intends to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization officially commenced on January 1, 1995 under the Marrakech Agreement, replacing the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade , which commenced in 1948...
  
   (WTO) (observer)

Law and order in Sudan

• Capital punishment in Sudan
• Constitution of Sudan
  Constitution of Sudan
  The first permanent Constitution of Sudan was drafted in 1973. It incorporated the Addis Ababa Agreement ending the first Sudanese civil war....
  
  
• Crime in Sudan
• Human rights in Sudan
  Human rights in Sudan
  Some human rights organizations have documented a variety of abuses and atrocities carried out by the Sudanese government over the past several years...
  
  
  • LGBT rights in Sudan
    LGBT rights in Sudan
    Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons in Sudan face legal challenges not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Both male and female same-sex sexual activity is illegal in Sudan, and the topic of homosexuality is taboo....
    
    
  • Freedom of religion in Sudan
• Law enforcement in Sudan
  Law enforcement in Sudan
  The International Police is a functional organization made up of police officers from all over the world, serving mostly under the direction of the United Nations, to help train, recruit, and field police forces in war torn countries. The force is usually deployed into a war torn country initially...
  
  

Military of Sudan

• Command
  • Commander-in-chief
    Commander-in-Chief
    A commander-in-chief is the commander of a nation's military forces or significant element of those forces. In the latter case, the force element may be defined as those forces within a particular region or those forces which are associated by function. As a practical term it refers to the military...
    
    :
    • Ministry of Defence of Sudan
• Forces
  • Army of Sudan
  • Navy of Sudan
  • Air Force of Sudan

History of Sudan

Main article: History of Sudan

History of Sudan

The history of Sudan extends from antiquity, and is intertwined with the history of Egypt, with which it was united politically over several periods. It is marked by influences on Sudan from neighboring areas and world powers...

, Timeline of the history of Sudan, and Current events of Sudan

• Economic history of Sudan
• Military history of Sudan

Culture of Sudan

• Architecture of Sudan
• Cuisine of Sudan
• Ethnic minorities in Sudan
• Festivals in Sudan
• Humor in Sudan
• Languages of Sudan
  Languages of Sudan
  Sudan is a multilingual country dominated by Sudanese Arabic. In the 2005 constitution of the Republic of Sudan, the official languages of Sudan are literary Arabic and English.-Languages:Approximately 70 languages are native to Sudan....
  
  
• Media in Sudan
• National symbols of Sudan
  • Coat of arms of Sudan
    Coat of arms of Sudan
    The national emblem of Sudan was adopted in 1969. It shows a secretarybird bearing a shield from the time of Muhammad Ahmad, the self-proclaimed Mahdi who briefly ruled Sudan in the 19th century....
    
    
  • Flag of Sudan
    Flag of Sudan
    The flag of Sudan was adopted on May 20, 1970, and consists of a horizontal red-white-black tricolor, with a green triangle at the hoist. The flag is based on the Arab Liberation Flag shared by Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and Yemen, that uses a subset of the Pan-Arab colors in which green is less...
    
    
  • National anthem of Sudan
• People of Sudan
• Prostitution in Sudan
• Public holidays in Sudan
• Records of Sudan
• Religion in Sudan
  Religion in Sudan
  Religion plays an important role in Sudan, with most of the country's population adhering to Islam, Animism, or Christianity. More than half Sudan's population was Muslim in the early 1990s. Most Muslims , lived in the north, where they constituted ca 85% percent or more of the population...
  
  
  • Buddhism in Sudan
  • Christianity in Sudan
    Christianity in Sudan
    Christianity has a long history in Sudan, starting from Roman times.-History:Christianity reached what is now northern Sudan, then called Nubia, by about the end of the first century after Christ....
    
    
  • Hinduism in Sudan
  • Islam in Sudan
    Islam in Sudan
    Islam is the largest religion in Sudan, and Muslims have dominated national government institutions since independence in 1956. Statistics indicate that the Muslim population is approximately 75%-80%, including numerous Arab and non-Arab groups. The remaining 20% ascribe to either Christianity or...
    
    
  • Judaism in Sudan
  • Sikhism in Sudan
• World Heritage Sites in Sudan

Art in Sudan

• Art in Sudan
• Cinema of Sudan
• Literature of Sudan
• Music of Sudan
  Music of Sudan
  Sudan has a rich and unique musical culture that has been through chronic instability and repression during the modern history of Sudan.Beginning with the imposition of strict sharia law in 1989, many of the country's most prominent musicians and poets, like poets Mahjoub Sharif, were imprisoned...
  
  
• Television in Sudan
• Theatre in Sudan

Sports in Sudan

• Football in Sudan
  Football in Sudan
  The sport of football in the country of Sudan is run by the Sudan Football Association. The association administers the national football team, as well as the Premier League....
  
  
• Sudan at the Olympics
  Sudan at the Olympics
  Sudan first participated at the Olympic Games in 1960, and has sent athletes to compete in most Summer Olympic Games since then. The nation did not attend the 1964 Games, boycotted the 1976 Summer Olympics along with most African nations, and participated in the American-led boycott of the 1980...
  
  

Economy and infrastructure of Sudan

• Economic rank, by nominal GDP (2007): 66th (sixty-sixth)

• Agriculture in Sudan
  Agriculture in Sudan
  In the early 1990s, agriculture and livestock raising were the main sources of livelihood in Sudan for about 61 percent of the working population...
  
  
• Banking in Sudan
  • National Bank of Sudan
    National Bank of Sudan
    National Bank of Sudan is a private bank located in Khartoum state which is capital of the Sudan. The bank was formed in 1983, It is acquisition by Bank Audi s.a.l. Audi Saradar Group, and the current General Manager: Charbel T...
    
    
• Communications in Sudan
  Communications in Sudan
  -Pre-privatization era :Sudan has known telecommunication services as early as 1897. Since that time, the entity in charge of telecommunication had undergone a number of organizational restructuring changes....
  
  
  • Internet in Sudan
• Companies of Sudan
• Currency of Sudan
  Currency
  In economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply...
  
  : Pound
  Sudanese pound
  The Sudanese pound is the currency of Sudan and also used in South Sudan until finalization of the introduction of the South Sudanese pound. Both Arabic and English names for the denominations appear on the country's banknotes and coins. On 24 July 2011, Sudan launched a new currency...
  
  
  • ISO 4217
    ISO 4217
    ISO 4217 is a standard published by the International Standards Organization, which delineates currency designators, country codes , and references to minor units in three tables:* Table A.1 – Current currency & funds code list...
    
    : SDG
• Economic history of Sudan
• Energy in Sudan
  Energy in Sudan
  Energy in Sudan describes energy and electricity production, consumption and import in Sudan. Energy policy of Sudan will describe the politics of Sudan related to energy more in detail...
  
  
  • Energy policy of Sudan
  • Oil industry in Sudan
• Health care in Sudan
• Mining in Sudan
• Sudan Stock Exchange
• Tourism in Sudan
• Transport in Sudan
  Transport in Sudan
  Transport in Sudan during the early 1990s included an extensive railroad system that served the more important populated areas except in the far south, a meager road network , a natural inland waterway—the Nile River and its tributaries—and a national airline that provided both...
  
  
  • Airports in Sudan
  • Rail transport in Sudan
    Rail transport in Sudan
    Sudan has 4,725 kilometers of narrow-gauge, single-track railroads that serve the northern and central portions of the country. The main line runs from Wadi Halfa on the Egyptian border to Khartoum and southwest to Al Ubayyid via Sannar and Kusti, with extensions to Nyala in Southern Darfur and Wau...
    
    
  • Roads in Sudan
• Water supply and sanitation in Sudan

See also

• Index of Sudan-related articles
• List of international rankings
• List of Sudan-related topics
• Member state of the United Nations
• Outline of Africa
  Outline of Africa
  The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to the continent Africa:Africa – world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia.-Geography of Africa:* Atlas of Africa* List of cities in Africa...
  
  
• Outline of geography
  Outline of geography
  The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to geography:Geography – science that studies the lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena of Earth.- Geography is :...
  
  

External links

• Government of Sudan official homepage (in Arabic)
• Sudan.Net
• North/South Sudan Abyei and News and 11 July 2008 and UN SRSG for Sudan Praises Abyei Progress of 11 September 2008
• Sudan Photographic Exhibition - Documentary photographer's images of Sudan's displaced
• Between Two Worlds: A Personal Journey, Photographs by Eli Reed of the Lost Boys of Sudan
• John Dau Sudan Foundation: transforming healthcare in Southern Sudan
• The Juba Post - South Sudan's Independent Newspaper
• Al Rai el am- Biggest Sudan newspaper-Arabic
• IRIN humanitarian news and analysis - Sudan
• Photos of industrial and military production - Sudan
• Sudan Organisation Against Torture
• Africa Floods Appeal
• SudanList Classified Advertising
• Sudanese Online News (in Arabic)
• The Small Arms Survey - Sudan
• The Carter Center information on Sudan
• 2008 Travel Photos from Sudan