Papal Coronation
Encyclopedia
A papal coronation was the ceremony of the placing of the Papal Tiara
on a newly elected pope
. The first recorded papal coronation was that of Pope Celestine II
in 1143. Soon after his coronation in 1963, Pope Paul VI
abandoned the practice of wearing the tiara. His successors have chosen not to resume the coronation practice. As one becomes pope upon consent to a proper election, the papal inauguration
ceremony, with or without coronation, serves only symbolic purposes.
elects a new pope, he assumes all of the rights and authority of the papacy immediately upon his acceptance of election; however, popes traditionally numbered their regnal year
s from the date of their coronation. Since the Pontificate of Pope John XXIII
, all cardinals must be bishops, and for several centuries the cardinals have always elected one of their own to be pope. If a newly elected pope is not a bishop, he is consecrated at once. In accordance with tradition, the right of consecration belongs to the Dean of the College of Cardinals
, in his absence to the Subdean, and in the absence of both of these, to the senior Cardinal Bishop. If the new pope is already a bishop, his election is announced immediately to the people gathered in Saint Peter's Square and he gives them his blessing.
The episcopal enthronement
of the pope takes place in his cathedral
, the Basilica
of Saint John Lateran. This ceremony was once combined with the coronation. During the Avignon papacy
, the pope, being in France, could not be enthroned in his cathedral in Rome. The coronations continued, while enthronements had to await a return to Rome. When Pope Gregory XI
did return to Rome, the Lateran Palace
was badly in need of repair, so the Popes made the Vatican their residence and transferred coronations to Saint Peter's Basilica. The Lateran Basilica remains the cathedral of Rome, and the enthronement occurs there. During the "prisoner in the Vatican
" period, the enthronement did not take place.
. During the chanting of Terce
, he sat on a throne and all of the cardinals made what was called their "first obeisance" to him, approaching one by one and kissing his hand. Then the archbishop
s and bishop
s approached and kissed his feet.
Following this, at least from the beginning of the 16th century, the newly elected pope was carried in state through St. Peter's Basilica on the sedia gestatoria
, under a white canopy, with the papal flabella (ceremonial fans) to either side. Instead of the papal tiara, he wore a jewelled mitre
(the episcopal mitra pretiosa). Three times, the procession was stopped, and a bundle of flax
lashed to a gilded staff was burnt before the newly elected pontiff, while a master of ceremonies
said: Pater Sancte, sic transit gloria mundi
(Holy Father, thus passes the glory of the world) as a symbolic caution to set aside materialism and vanity. Once at the high altar, he would begin to celebrate Solemn High Mass with full papal ceremonial
.
After the Confiteor
, the pope was seated on a throne and the three senior cardinal bishops approached him wearing mitres. Each in turn placed his hands above him and said the prayer, Super electum Pontificem (over the elected pope). First the Cardinal Bishop of Albano said:
Then the senior cardinal deacon placed the pallium
on his shoulders saying:
In the 11th and 12th centuries the immantatio, or bestowal of the mantum (a papal vestment consisting of a very long red cope
fastened with an elaborate morse
) on the newly elected pope was regarded as especially symbolic of investiture with papal authority, and was conferred with the words: "I invest thee with the Roman papacy, that thou rule over the city and the world."
After the investiture with the pallium the pope incensed the high altar and then returned to his seat to receive again the obeisance of the cardinals, archbishops and bishops. Then the Mass continued. After the Gloria in excelsis and the Pax vobis, the pope said the Collect
for the day and then secretly a prayer for himself. After the pope had returned again to his seat the Papal Laudes were chanted:
As with all Pontifical High Masses before Paul VI the Epistle and the Gospel were read in both Greek and Latin and the pope communicated at his throne.
After the Mass, the new pope was crowned with the papal tiara
. This frequently took place on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica, overlooking the crowds gathered in St. Peter's Square. The pope was seated on a throne
with the flabella to either side of him. His mitre was removed, and the tiara was presented to the pope by the senior cardinal deacon, with the words:
Then he solemnly placed the tiara on the pope's head, and arranged the lappet
s behind his neck.
Following his coronation, the pope pronounced the solemn pontifical blessing, Urbi et Orbi
.
The last act of the inauguration of a new pope is still the formal taking possession (possessio) of his cathedra
as Bishop of Rome in the Basilica
of St. John Lateran. This is the final ceremony mentioned in Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Constitution
on the vacancy of the Apostolic See and the election of the Roman Pontiff. The pope is enthroned in the same manner as other bishops. He is solemnly conducted to the episcopal throne, and takes possession by seating himself on it. He receives the kiss of peace and listens to the reading of a passage of Holy Scripture, whereupon he pronounced an address that used to be called the sermo inthronisticus.
In ancient times, the letters that the pope sent to the patriarch
s in token of being in communion with them in the same faith were called litterae inthronisticae, or syllabai enthronistikai.
The earliest papal coronations took place in St. John Lateran, the pope's cathedral
. However, for hundreds of years papal coronations have traditionally taken place in the environs of St. Peter's Basilica
, though a number of coronations took place in Avignon
, during the Avignon papacy
. Earlier, Pope Celestine V
was twice crowned in L'Aquila
. In 1800 Pope Pius VII
was crowned in the crowded church of the Benedictine
island monastery
of San Giorgio, Venice
, after his late predecessor, Pope Pius VI
, had been forced into temporary exile during Napoleon Bonaparte's capture of Rome. Since the French seized the tiara along with the previous pope, he was crowned with a papier-mâché tiara
, for which the ladies of Venice gave up their jewels.
All coronations after 1800 took place in Rome. Leo XIII
was crowned in the Sistine Chapel
, due to fears that anti-clerical mobs, inspired by Italian unification
, might attack the Basilica and disrupt the ceremony. Benedict XV
was also crowned in the chapel in 1914. Pius XI
was crowned at the dais in front of the High Altar in St. Peter's Basilica. Popes Pius IX
, Pius XII
, John XXIII
and Paul VI
all were crowned in public on the balcony of the basilica, facing crowds assembled below in St. Peter's Square.
Pius XII's 1939 coronation broke new grounds by being the first to be filmed and the first coronation to be broadcast live on radio. The ceremony, which lasted for six hours, was attended by leading dignitaries; these included the heir to the Italian throne, the Prince of Piedmont
, former king
s Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
and Alfonso XIII of Spain
, the Duke of Norfolk (representing King George VI of the United Kingdom
) and the Irish
Taoiseach
Éamon de Valera
, the last two being in evening dress
(white tie and tails).
. Though he decided to cease wearing a papal tiara within weeks of his coronation, and laid his own on the altar
of St. Peter's Basilica in a gesture of humility, his 1975 Apostolic Constitution
, Romano Pontifici Eligendo
, still prescribed that "the new pontiff
is to be crowned by the senior cardinal deacon."
Nevertheless, his successor, John Paul I
, opted not to be crowned and to have a less formal "solemn Mass to mark the start of his ministry as Supreme Pastor
" in September 1978.
, the new pope John Paul II
, opted to copy his predecessor's ceremony without coronation. In his homily at his Inauguration Mass, he said that Paul VI had "left his successors free to decide" whether to wear the papal tiara. He went on:
John Paul II's 1996 Apostolic Constitution
, Universi Dominici Gregis
, now in force, does not specify the form that the "solemn ceremony of the inauguration of the pontificate" of a new pope should take, whether with or without a coronation.
Existing papal tiaras remain available for any future pope who may choose to use one, unlikely though it may appear that it will ever be used again.
Papal Tiara
The Papal Tiara, also known incorrectly as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the Triregnum, in Italian as the Triregno and as the Trirègne in French, is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown, supposedly of Byzantine and Persian origin, that is a prominent symbol of the papacy...
on a newly elected pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
. The first recorded papal coronation was that of Pope Celestine II
Pope Celestine II
Pope Celestine II , born Guido di Castello, was pope from 1143 to 1144.-Early life:Guido di Castello, possibly the son of a local noble, Niccolo di Castello, was born either in Città di Castello, situated in Paterna Santa Felicita upon the Apennines, or at Macerata in the March of Ancona.Guido had...
in 1143. Soon after his coronation in 1963, Pope Paul VI
Pope Paul VI
Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it...
abandoned the practice of wearing the tiara. His successors have chosen not to resume the coronation practice. As one becomes pope upon consent to a proper election, the papal inauguration
Papal Inauguration
The Papal Inauguration is a liturgical service of the Catholic Church within Mass celebrated in the Roman Rite but with elements of Byzantine Rite for the ecclesiastical investiture of the Pope...
ceremony, with or without coronation, serves only symbolic purposes.
Ritual
When a conclavePapal conclave
A papal conclave is a meeting of the College of Cardinals convened to elect a Bishop of Rome, who then becomes the Pope during a period of vacancy in the papal office. The Pope is considered by Roman Catholics to be the apostolic successor of Saint Peter and earthly head of the Roman Catholic Church...
elects a new pope, he assumes all of the rights and authority of the papacy immediately upon his acceptance of election; however, popes traditionally numbered their regnal year
Regnal year
A regnal year is a year of the reign of a sovereign, from the Latin regnum meaning kingdom, rule.The oldest dating systems were in regnal years, and considered the date as an ordinal, not a cardinal number. For example, a monarch could have a first year of rule, a second year of rule, a third, and...
s from the date of their coronation. Since the Pontificate of Pope John XXIII
Pope John XXIII
-Papal election:Following the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, Roncalli was elected Pope, to his great surprise. He had even arrived in the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice. Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini, Archbishop of Milan, a possible candidate, but, although archbishop...
, all cardinals must be bishops, and for several centuries the cardinals have always elected one of their own to be pope. If a newly elected pope is not a bishop, he is consecrated at once. In accordance with tradition, the right of consecration belongs to the Dean of the College of Cardinals
Dean of the College of Cardinals
The Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals is the president of the College of Cardinals in the Roman Catholic Church, and as such always holds the rank of Cardinal Bishop. The Dean is not necessarily the longest-serving member of the whole College...
, in his absence to the Subdean, and in the absence of both of these, to the senior Cardinal Bishop. If the new pope is already a bishop, his election is announced immediately to the people gathered in Saint Peter's Square and he gives them his blessing.
The episcopal enthronement
Enthronement
An enthronement is a ceremony of inauguration, involving a person—usually a monarch or religious leader—being formally seated for the first time upon their throne. This ritual is generally distinguished from a coronation because there is no crown or other regalia that is physically...
of the pope takes place in his cathedral
Cathedral
A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...
, the Basilica
Basilica
The Latin word basilica , was originally used to describe a Roman public building, usually located in the forum of a Roman town. Public basilicas began to appear in Hellenistic cities in the 2nd century BC.The term was also applied to buildings used for religious purposes...
of Saint John Lateran. This ceremony was once combined with the coronation. During the Avignon papacy
Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven Popes resided in Avignon, in modern-day France. This arose from the conflict between the Papacy and the French crown....
, the pope, being in France, could not be enthroned in his cathedral in Rome. The coronations continued, while enthronements had to await a return to Rome. When Pope Gregory XI
Pope Gregory XI
Gregory XI was pope from 1370 until his death.-Biography:He was born Pierre Roger de Beaufort, in Maumont, in the modern commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons, Limousin around 1336. He succeeded Pope Urban V in 1370, and was pope until 1378...
did return to Rome, the Lateran Palace
Lateran Palace
The Lateran Palace , formally the Apostolic Palace of the Lateran , is an ancient palace of the Roman Empire and later the main Papal residence....
was badly in need of repair, so the Popes made the Vatican their residence and transferred coronations to Saint Peter's Basilica. The Lateran Basilica remains the cathedral of Rome, and the enthronement occurs there. During the "prisoner in the Vatican
Prisoner in the Vatican
A prisoner in the Vatican or prisoner of the Vatican is how Pope Pius IX described himself following the capture of Rome by the armed forces of the Kingdom of Italy on 20 September 1870. Part of the process of Italian unification, the city's capture ended the millennial temporal rule of the popes...
" period, the enthronement did not take place.
Coronation Mass
The coronation took place on the first Sunday or Holy Day following the election. It began with a solemn Papal MassPapal Mass
A Papal Mass is the Solemn Pontifical High Mass when offered by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.There are numerous special ceremonials which are particular to the pope...
. During the chanting of Terce
Terce
Terce, or Third Hour, is a fixed time of prayer of the Divine Office of almost all the Christian liturgies. It consists mainly of psalms and is said at 9 a.m. Its name comes from Latin and refers to the third hour of the day after dawn....
, he sat on a throne and all of the cardinals made what was called their "first obeisance" to him, approaching one by one and kissing his hand. Then the archbishop
Archbishop
An archbishop is a bishop of higher rank, but not of higher sacramental order above that of the three orders of deacon, priest , and bishop...
s and bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
s approached and kissed his feet.
Following this, at least from the beginning of the 16th century, the newly elected pope was carried in state through St. Peter's Basilica on the sedia gestatoria
Sedia gestatoria
The sedia gestatoria is a portable throne on which Popes were carried until 1978. It consists of a richly adorned, silk-covered armchair, fastened on a suppedaneum, on each side of which are two gilded rings; through these rings pass the long rods with which twelve footmen , in red uniforms, carry...
, under a white canopy, with the papal flabella (ceremonial fans) to either side. Instead of the papal tiara, he wore a jewelled mitre
Mitre
The mitre , also spelled miter, is a type of headwear now known as the traditional, ceremonial head-dress of bishops and certain abbots in the Roman Catholic Church, as well as in the Anglican Communion, some Lutheran churches, and also bishops and certain other clergy in the Eastern Orthodox...
(the episcopal mitra pretiosa). Three times, the procession was stopped, and a bundle of flax
Flax
Flax is a member of the genus Linum in the family Linaceae. It is native to the region extending from the eastern Mediterranean to India and was probably first domesticated in the Fertile Crescent...
lashed to a gilded staff was burnt before the newly elected pontiff, while a master of ceremonies
Master of Ceremonies
A Master of Ceremonies , or compere, is the host of a staged event or similar performance.An MC usually presents performers, speaks to the audience, and generally keeps the event moving....
said: Pater Sancte, sic transit gloria mundi
Sic transit gloria mundi
Sic transit gloria mundi is a Latin phrase that means "Thus passes the glory of the world". It has been interpreted as "Worldly things are fleeting." It is possibly an adaptation of a phrase in Thomas à Kempis's 1418 work The Imitation of Christ: "O quam cito transit gloria mundi" .The phrase was...
(Holy Father, thus passes the glory of the world) as a symbolic caution to set aside materialism and vanity. Once at the high altar, he would begin to celebrate Solemn High Mass with full papal ceremonial
Papal Mass
A Papal Mass is the Solemn Pontifical High Mass when offered by the Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.There are numerous special ceremonials which are particular to the pope...
.
After the Confiteor
Confiteor
The Confiteor is one of the prayers that can be said during the Penitential Rite at the beginning of Mass of the Roman Rite in the Catholic Church. It is also said in the Lutheran Church at the beginning of their Divine Service...
, the pope was seated on a throne and the three senior cardinal bishops approached him wearing mitres. Each in turn placed his hands above him and said the prayer, Super electum Pontificem (over the elected pope). First the Cardinal Bishop of Albano said:
God, who are present without distinction whenever the devout mind invokes you, be present, we ask you, we and this your servant, __, who to the summit of the apostolic community has been chosen as the judge of your people, infuse with the highest blessings that he experience your gift who has reached this point.Then the Cardinal Bishop of Porto said:
We supplicate you, Almighty God, effect your customary devotion and pour out on this your servant, __, the grace of the Holy Spirit that he who is constituted at the head of our church as the servant of the mystery, you would strengthen with the fullness of virtue.Finally the Cardinal Bishop of Ostia said:
God, who willed your Apostle Peter to hold first place in the inner fellowship of the apostles, that universal Christianity overcome evil, look propitiously we ask on this your servant, __, who from a humble position has suddenly been been enthroned with the apostles on this same principal sublimity, that just as he has been raised to this exalted dignity, so may he likewise merit to accumulate virtue; in bearing the burden of the universal church, help him, make him worthy and for thee who are blessed may merits replace vices.
Then the senior cardinal deacon placed the pallium
Pallium
The pallium is an ecclesiastical vestment in the Roman Catholic Church, originally peculiar to the Pope, but for many centuries bestowed by him on metropolitans and primates as a symbol of the jurisdiction delegated to them by the Holy See. In that context it has always remained unambiguously...
on his shoulders saying:
Accept the pallium, representing the plenitude of the Pontifical office, to the honour of Almighty God, and the most glorious Virgin Mary, his Mother, and the Blessed Apostles Peter and Paul, and the Holy Roman Church.
In the 11th and 12th centuries the immantatio, or bestowal of the mantum (a papal vestment consisting of a very long red cope
Cope
The cope is a liturgical vestment, a very long mantle or cloak, open in front and fastened at the breast with a band or clasp. It may be of any liturgical colour....
fastened with an elaborate morse
Morse
Morse can refer to:* Morse code, a method of coding messages into long and short beeps-Places:Canada* Morse , Saskatchewan* Morse, Saskatchewan, a hamlet* Morse No...
) on the newly elected pope was regarded as especially symbolic of investiture with papal authority, and was conferred with the words: "I invest thee with the Roman papacy, that thou rule over the city and the world."
After the investiture with the pallium the pope incensed the high altar and then returned to his seat to receive again the obeisance of the cardinals, archbishops and bishops. Then the Mass continued. After the Gloria in excelsis and the Pax vobis, the pope said the Collect
Collect
In Christian liturgy, a collect is both a liturgical action and a short, general prayer. In the Middle Ages, the prayer was referred to in Latin as collectio, but in the more ancient sources, as oratio. In English, and in this usage, "collect" is pronounced with the stress on the first syllable...
for the day and then secretly a prayer for himself. After the pope had returned again to his seat the Papal Laudes were chanted:
| Cantors: | Response: |
|---|---|
| Hear, O Christ | Life to our lord, __, decreed by God as Supreme Pontiff and Universal Father |
| Savior of the world | Grant him aid. |
| Savior of the world | Grant him aid. |
| Savior of the world | Grant him aid. |
| Saint Mary | Grant him aid. |
| Saint Mary | Grant him aid. |
| Saint Michael | Grant him aid. |
| Etc. | etc. |
As with all Pontifical High Masses before Paul VI the Epistle and the Gospel were read in both Greek and Latin and the pope communicated at his throne.
Coronation
Papal Tiara
The Papal Tiara, also known incorrectly as the Triple Tiara, or in Latin as the Triregnum, in Italian as the Triregno and as the Trirègne in French, is the three-tiered jewelled papal crown, supposedly of Byzantine and Persian origin, that is a prominent symbol of the papacy...
. This frequently took place on the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica, overlooking the crowds gathered in St. Peter's Square. The pope was seated on a throne
Throne
A throne is the official chair or seat upon which a monarch is seated on state or ceremonial occasions. "Throne" in an abstract sense can also refer to the monarchy or the Crown itself, an instance of metonymy, and is also used in many expressions such as "the power behind the...
with the flabella to either side of him. His mitre was removed, and the tiara was presented to the pope by the senior cardinal deacon, with the words:
Receive the tiara adorned with three crowns and know that thou art the father of princes and kings, the ruler of the world, the vicar on earth of Our Saviour, Jesus Christ, to Whom is honour and glory for ever and ever.
Then he solemnly placed the tiara on the pope's head, and arranged the lappet
Lappet
A lappet is a decorative flap or fold in a ceremonial headdress or garment. They were a feature of women's headgear until the early 20th century. They remain strongly associated with religion. A bishop's mitre has two lappets sewn to the back of it. The most famous usage of lappets occurs on the...
s behind his neck.
Following his coronation, the pope pronounced the solemn pontifical blessing, Urbi et Orbi
Urbi et Orbi
Urbi et Orbi denotes a papal address and Apostolic Blessing that is given to the City of Rome and to the entire world, on certain occasions. It was a standard opening of Ancient Roman proclamations....
.
Taking possession of the cathedra of the Bishop of Rome
Cathedra
A cathedra or bishop's throne is the chair or throne of a bishop. It is a symbol of the bishop's teaching authority in the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church, and has in some sense remained such in the Anglican Communion and in Lutheran churches...
as Bishop of Rome in the Basilica
Basilica
The Latin word basilica , was originally used to describe a Roman public building, usually located in the forum of a Roman town. Public basilicas began to appear in Hellenistic cities in the 2nd century BC.The term was also applied to buildings used for religious purposes...
of St. John Lateran. This is the final ceremony mentioned in Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Constitution
Apostolic constitution
An apostolic constitution is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor, and is retained in church documents because of the inheritance that the canon law of the...
on the vacancy of the Apostolic See and the election of the Roman Pontiff. The pope is enthroned in the same manner as other bishops. He is solemnly conducted to the episcopal throne, and takes possession by seating himself on it. He receives the kiss of peace and listens to the reading of a passage of Holy Scripture, whereupon he pronounced an address that used to be called the sermo inthronisticus.
In ancient times, the letters that the pope sent to the patriarch
Patriarch
Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a compound of πατριά , "lineage, descent", esp...
s in token of being in communion with them in the same faith were called litterae inthronisticae, or syllabai enthronistikai.
Location of the ceremony
Cathedral
A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...
. However, for hundreds of years papal coronations have traditionally taken place in the environs of St. Peter's Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter , officially known in Italian as ' and commonly known as Saint Peter's Basilica, is a Late Renaissance church located within the Vatican City. Saint Peter's Basilica has the largest interior of any Christian church in the world...
, though a number of coronations took place in Avignon
Avignon
Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the...
, during the Avignon papacy
Avignon Papacy
The Avignon Papacy was the period from 1309 to 1376 during which seven Popes resided in Avignon, in modern-day France. This arose from the conflict between the Papacy and the French crown....
. Earlier, Pope Celestine V
Pope Celestine V
Pope Saint Celestine V, born Pietro Angelerio , also known as Pietro da Morrone was elected pope in the year 1294, by the papal election of 1292–1294, the last non-conclave in the history of the Roman Catholic Church...
was twice crowned in L'Aquila
L'Aquila
L'Aquila is a city and comune in central Italy, both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the Province of L'Aquila. , it has a population of 73,150 inhabitants, but has a daily presence in the territory of 100,000 people for study, tertiary activities, jobs and tourism...
. In 1800 Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius VII
Pope Pius VII , born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was a monk, theologian and bishop, who reigned as Pope from 14 March 1800 to 20 August 1823.-Early life:...
was crowned in the crowded church of the Benedictine
Benedictine
Benedictine refers to the spirituality and consecrated life in accordance with the Rule of St Benedict, written by Benedict of Nursia in the sixth century for the cenobitic communities he founded in central Italy. The most notable of these is Monte Cassino, the first monastery founded by Benedict...
island monastery
Monastery
Monastery denotes the building, or complex of buildings, that houses a room reserved for prayer as well as the domestic quarters and workplace of monastics, whether monks or nuns, and whether living in community or alone .Monasteries may vary greatly in size – a small dwelling accommodating only...
of San Giorgio, Venice
Venice
Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region...
, after his late predecessor, Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI
Pope Pius VI , born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, was Pope from 1775 to 1799.-Early years:Braschi was born in Cesena...
, had been forced into temporary exile during Napoleon Bonaparte's capture of Rome. Since the French seized the tiara along with the previous pope, he was crowned with a papier-mâché tiara
Papier-mâché Tiara
The papier-mâché tiara is a papal tiara that was made in exile for Pope Pius VII's papal coronation in a church in Venice. In 1798, Pope Pius's predecessor Pope Pius VI had been forced into exile when French troops invaded the Vatican and stole or destroyed all the ancient papal tiaras owned by the...
, for which the ladies of Venice gave up their jewels.
All coronations after 1800 took place in Rome. Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII
Pope Leo XIII , born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci to an Italian comital family, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903...
was crowned in the Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel
Sistine Chapel is the best-known chapel in the Apostolic Palace, the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City. It is famous for its architecture and its decoration that was frescoed throughout by Renaissance artists including Michelangelo, Sandro Botticelli, Pietro Perugino, Pinturicchio...
, due to fears that anti-clerical mobs, inspired by Italian unification
Italian unification
Italian unification was the political and social movement that agglomerated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of Italy in the 19th century...
, might attack the Basilica and disrupt the ceremony. Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV
Pope Benedict XV , born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, reigned as Pope from 3 September 1914 to 22 January 1922...
was also crowned in the chapel in 1914. Pius XI
Pope Pius XI
Pope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was Pope from 6 February 1922, and sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 until his death on 10 February 1939...
was crowned at the dais in front of the High Altar in St. Peter's Basilica. Popes Pius IX
Pope Pius IX
Blessed Pope Pius IX , born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was the longest-reigning elected Pope in the history of the Catholic Church, serving from 16 June 1846 until his death, a period of nearly 32 years. During his pontificate, he convened the First Vatican Council in 1869, which decreed papal...
, Pius XII
Pope Pius XII
The Venerable Pope Pius XII , born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli , reigned as Pope, head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State, from 2 March 1939 until his death in 1958....
, John XXIII
Pope John XXIII
-Papal election:Following the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, Roncalli was elected Pope, to his great surprise. He had even arrived in the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice. Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini, Archbishop of Milan, a possible candidate, but, although archbishop...
and Paul VI
Pope Paul VI
Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it...
all were crowned in public on the balcony of the basilica, facing crowds assembled below in St. Peter's Square.
Pius XII's 1939 coronation broke new grounds by being the first to be filmed and the first coronation to be broadcast live on radio. The ceremony, which lasted for six hours, was attended by leading dignitaries; these included the heir to the Italian throne, the Prince of Piedmont
Umberto II of Italy
Umberto II, occasionally anglicized as Humbert II was the last King of Italy for slightly over a month, from 9 May 1946 to 12 June 1946. He was nicknamed the King of May -Biography:...
, former king
King
- Centers of population :* King, Ontario, CanadaIn USA:* King, Indiana* King, North Carolina* King, Lincoln County, Wisconsin* King, Waupaca County, Wisconsin* King County, Washington- Moving-image works :Television:...
s Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand I of Bulgaria
Ferdinand , born Ferdinand Maximilian Karl Leopold Maria of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha-Koháry, was the ruler of Bulgaria from 1887 to 1918, first as knyaz and later as tsar...
and Alfonso XIII of Spain
Alfonso XIII of Spain
Alfonso XIII was King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority...
, the Duke of Norfolk (representing King George VI of the United Kingdom
George VI of the United Kingdom
George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death...
) and the Irish
Ireland
Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
Taoiseach
Taoiseach
The Taoiseach is the head of government or prime minister of Ireland. The Taoiseach is appointed by the President upon the nomination of Dáil Éireann, the lower house of the Oireachtas , and must, in order to remain in office, retain the support of a majority in the Dáil.The current Taoiseach is...
Éamon de Valera
Éamon de Valera
Éamon de Valera was one of the dominant political figures in twentieth century Ireland, serving as head of government of the Irish Free State and head of government and head of state of Ireland...
, the last two being in evening dress
Evening dress
Evening dress may refer to:* White tie, the most formal civilian dress code in Western fashion* Black tie, a semi-formal dress code for evening events and social functions in Western fashion...
(white tie and tails).
Paul VI and the coronation
The last pope to be crowned was Paul VIPope Paul VI
Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it...
. Though he decided to cease wearing a papal tiara within weeks of his coronation, and laid his own on the altar
Altar
An altar is any structure upon which offerings such as sacrifices are made for religious purposes. Altars are usually found at shrines, and they can be located in temples, churches and other places of worship...
of St. Peter's Basilica in a gesture of humility, his 1975 Apostolic Constitution
Apostolic constitution
An apostolic constitution is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor, and is retained in church documents because of the inheritance that the canon law of the...
, Romano Pontifici Eligendo
Romano Pontifici Eligendo
Romano Pontifici Eligendo was the Apostolic Constitution governing the election of popes that was promulgated by Pope Paul VI in 1975. It instituted a number of far-reaching reforms in the process of electing popes.- Ban on cardinals over eighty voting :...
, still prescribed that "the new pontiff
Pontiff
A pontiff was, in Roman antiquity, a member of the principal college of priests . The term "pontiff" was later applied to any high or chief priest and, in ecclesiastical usage, to a bishop and more particularly to the Bishop of Rome, the Pope or "Roman Pontiff".-Etymology:The English term derives...
is to be crowned by the senior cardinal deacon."
Nevertheless, his successor, John Paul I
Pope John Paul I
John Paul I , born Albino Luciani, , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and as Sovereign of Vatican City from 26 August 1978 until his death 33 days later. His reign is among the shortest in papal history, resulting in the most recent Year of Three Popes...
, opted not to be crowned and to have a less formal "solemn Mass to mark the start of his ministry as Supreme Pastor
Papal Inauguration
The Papal Inauguration is a liturgical service of the Catholic Church within Mass celebrated in the Roman Rite but with elements of Byzantine Rite for the ecclesiastical investiture of the Pope...
" in September 1978.
John Paul II and the coronation
After John Paul I's sudden death following a thirty-three day reignReign
A reign is the term used to describe the period of a person's or dynasty's occupation of the office of monarch of a nation or of a people . In most hereditary monarchies and some elective monarchies A reign is the term used to describe the period of a person's or dynasty's occupation of the office...
, the new pope John Paul II
Pope John Paul II
Blessed Pope John Paul II , born Karol Józef Wojtyła , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church and Sovereign of Vatican City from 16 October 1978 until his death on 2 April 2005, at of age. His was the second-longest documented pontificate, which lasted ; only Pope Pius IX ...
, opted to copy his predecessor's ceremony without coronation. In his homily at his Inauguration Mass, he said that Paul VI had "left his successors free to decide" whether to wear the papal tiara. He went on:
Pope John Paul I, whose memory is so vivid in our hearts, did not wish to have the tiara; nor does his Successor wish it today. This is not the time to return to a ceremony and an object considered, wrongly, to be a symbol of the temporal power of the Popes.
John Paul II's 1996 Apostolic Constitution
Apostolic constitution
An apostolic constitution is the highest level of decree issued by the Pope. The use of the term constitution comes from Latin constitutio, which referred to any important law issued by the Roman emperor, and is retained in church documents because of the inheritance that the canon law of the...
, Universi Dominici Gregis
Universi Dominici Gregis
Universi Dominici Gregis is an Apostolic Constitution of the Catholic Church issued by Pope John Paul II on February 22, 1996. It superseded Pope Paul VI's 1975 Apostolic Constitution, Romano Pontifici Eligendo....
, now in force, does not specify the form that the "solemn ceremony of the inauguration of the pontificate" of a new pope should take, whether with or without a coronation.
Existing papal tiaras remain available for any future pope who may choose to use one, unlikely though it may appear that it will ever be used again.
List of papal coronations 1143–1963
| Date | Location | Pope | Cardinal | Deaconry | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| October 3, 1143 | Rome | Pope Celestine II Pope Celestine II Pope Celestine II , born Guido di Castello, was pope from 1143 to 1144.-Early life:Guido di Castello, possibly the son of a local noble, Niccolo di Castello, was born either in Città di Castello, situated in Paterna Santa Felicita upon the Apennines, or at Macerata in the March of Ancona.Guido had... |
Gregorio Tarquini Gregorio Tarquini Gregorio Tarquini was an Italian cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. Born in Rome, he was created cardinal deacon of Sts. Sergio e Bacco in December 1122... |
SS. Sergio e Bacco | On September 26 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alberic de Beauvais Alberic of Ostia Alberic of Ostia was a Benedictine monk, and Cardinal Bishop of Ostia from 1138 to 1148.He was born at Beauvais in France. He entered the monastery of Cluny and became its sub-prior and, later, prior of St... bishop of Ostia. |
|
| March 12, 1144 | Rome | Pope Lucius II Pope Lucius II Pope Lucius II , born Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso, was pope from March 9, 1144, until his death Feb 15, 1145. His pontificate was notable for the unrest in Rome associated with the Commune of Rome, and its attempts to wrest control of the city from the papacy.-Early life:Gherardo Caccianemici... |
Gregorio Tarquini | SS. Sergio e Bacco | On the same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alberic de Beauvais, bishop of Ostia. | |
| March 14, 1145 | Abbey of Farfa Abbey of Farfa Farfa Abbey is a territorial abbey in northern Lazio, central Italy. It is one of the most famous abbeys of Europe. It belongs to the Benedictine Order and is located about 60 km from Rome, in the commune of Fara Sabina, not far from the Fara Sabina railway station.-History:A legend in the... |
Pope Eugenius III | Odone Bonecase | S. Giorgio in Velabro | On February 18 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Corrado della Suburra Pope Anastasius IV Pope Anastasius IV , born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was Pope from 1153 to 1154.-Early life:He was a Roman, son of Benedictus de Suburra, probably of the family of Demetri, and became a secular clerk. He was created cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana by Pope Paschal II no later than in 1114... bishop of Sabina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
|
| July 12, 1153 | Rome | Pope Anastasius IV Pope Anastasius IV Pope Anastasius IV , born Corrado Demetri della Suburra, was Pope from 1153 to 1154.-Early life:He was a Roman, son of Benedictus de Suburra, probably of the family of Demetri, and became a secular clerk. He was created cardinal-priest of S. Pudenziana by Pope Paschal II no later than in 1114... |
Odone Bonecase | S. Giorgio in Velabro | ||
| December 5, 1154 | Rome | Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian IV Pope Adrian IV , born Nicholas Breakspear or Breakspeare, was Pope from 1154 to 1159.Adrian IV is the only Englishman who has occupied the papal chair... |
Probably by Cardinal Rodolfo | S. Lucia in Septisolio | Odone Fattiboni was absent (see papal election, 1154 Papal election, 1154 The papal election of 1154 followed the death of Pope Anastasius IV and resulted in the election of Pope Adrian IV, the only Englishman to become pope.-Election of Adrian IV:Pope Anastasius IV died on December 3, 1154, at Rome, at a very advanced age... ) |
|
| September 20, 1159 | Nympha | Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III Pope Alexander III , born Rolando of Siena, was Pope from 1159 to 1181. He is noted in history for laying the foundation stone for the Notre Dame de Paris.-Church career:... |
Odone Bonecase | S. Giorgio in Velabro | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ubaldo Allucingoli Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III , born Ubaldo, was pope from 1 September 1181 to his death.A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born ca. 1100 as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven... bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
|
| October 4, 1159 | Abbey of Farfa | Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164) Victor IV , born Octavian or Octavianus: Ottaviano dei Crescenzi Ottaviani di Monticelli, was the cardinal priest of Santa Cecilia before he was elected as a Ghibelline antipope in 1159, following the death of Pope Adrian IV and the election of Alexander III... |
Cardinal Icmar bishop of Tusculum and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals | |||
| July 22, 1167 | Rome | Antipope Paschal III Antipope Paschal III Antipope Paschal III was Antipope from 1164 to 20 September 1168.His real name was Guido of Crema. Paschal III was the second of the antipopes to challenge the reign of Pope Alexander III. In 1164, a small number of cardinals who had elected Victor IV met again to vote Paschal III as his successor... |
On April 22, 1164 he was consecrated bishop of Rome at Lucca by Henry II of Leez Henry II of Leez Henry II of Leez was prince-bishop of Liège from 1145 until his death. He supported the Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa in his quarrel with Pope Adrian IV and Pope Alexander III. In April 1164 he gave the episcopal consecration to Antipope Paschal III.-References:... prince-bishop of Liège (not a cardinal). |
|||
| 1168 | Rome | Antipope Callistus III | (?) | |||
| September 6, 1181 | Velletri Velletri Velletri is an Italian town of 53,298 inhabitants. It is a comune in the province of Rome, on the Alban Hills, in Lazio - Italy. It is bounded by other communes of Rocca di Papa, Lariano, Cisterna di Latina, Artena, Aprilia, Nemi, Genzano di Roma, Lanuvio... |
Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III Pope Lucius III , born Ubaldo, was pope from 1 September 1181 to his death.A native of the independent republic of Lucca, he was born ca. 1100 as Ubaldo, son of Orlando. He is commonly referred to as a member of the aristocratic family of Allucingoli, but this is not proven... |
Teodino de Arrone bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina. | |||
| December 1, 1185 | Verona Verona Verona ; German Bern, Dietrichsbern or Welschbern) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, with approx. 265,000 inhabitants and one of the seven chef-lieus of the region. It is the second largest city municipality in the region and the third of North-Eastern Italy. The metropolitan area of Verona... |
Pope Urban III Pope Urban III Pope Urban III , born Uberto Crivelli, was Pope from 1185 to 1187. He was made cardinal and archbishop of Milan by Pope Lucius III, whom he succeeded on November 25, 1185... |
(?) (probably by Cardinal Ardicio Rivoltella deacon of S. Teodoro) | |||
| October 25, 1187 | Ferrara Ferrara Ferrara is a city and comune in Emilia-Romagna, northern Italy, capital city of the Province of Ferrara. It is situated 50 km north-northeast of Bologna, on the Po di Volano, a branch channel of the main stream of the Po River, located 5 km north... |
Pope Gregory VIII Pope Gregory VIII Pope Gregory VIII , born Alberto di Morra, was Pope from October 25, 1187 until his death.-Early life:... |
Giacinto Bobone Orsini | S. Maria in Cosmedin | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome, probably by Cardinal Thibaud Thibaud of Ostia Thibaud of Ostia was a French cardinal. His name is listed also as Théobald or Teobaldo.He entered the Order of Benedictines of the Congregation of Cluny in his youth. He was prior of the monastery of Saint-Arnoult-de-Crepy by 1169 and then abbot of Cluny from 1180 until 1184... bishop of Ostia e Velletri (?). |
|
| January 7, 1188 | Pisa Pisa Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa... |
Pope Clement III Pope Clement III Pope Clement III , born Paulino Scolari, was elected Pope on December 19, 1187 and reigned until his death.-Cardinal:... |
Giacinto Bobone Orsini | S. Maria in Cosmedin | ||
| April 14, 1191 | Rome | Pope Celestine III Pope Celestine III Pope Celestine III , born Giacinto Bobone, was elected Pope on March 21, 1191, and reigned until his death. He was born into the noble Orsini family in Rome, though he was only a cardinal deacon before becoming Pope... |
Graziano da Pisa | SS. Cosma e Damiano | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ottaviano di Paoli Ottaviano di Paoli Ottaviano di Paoli was an Italian Cardinal.He was a papal legate in France in the 1170s, and was created cardinal in 1182, as cardinal-deacon of Ss. Sergio e Bacco... bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals |
|
| February 22, 1198 | Rome | Pope Innocent III Pope Innocent III Pope Innocent III was Pope from 8 January 1198 until his death. His birth name was Lotario dei Conti di Segni, sometimes anglicised to Lothar of Segni.... |
Graziano da Pisa | SS. Cosma e Damiano | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ottaviano di Paoli, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals | |
| August 31, 1216 | Rome | Pope Honorius III Pope Honorius III Pope Honorius III , previously known as Cencio Savelli, was Pope from 1216 to 1227.-Early work:He was born in Rome as son of Aimerico... |
Guido Pierleone | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | On July 24, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Ugolino Conti di Segni Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.-Early life:Ugolino was... bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
|
| April 11, 1227 | Rome | Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX Pope Gregory IX, born Ugolino di Conti, was pope from March 19, 1227 to August 22, 1241.The successor of Pope Honorius III , he fully inherited the traditions of Pope Gregory VII and of his uncle Pope Innocent III , and zealously continued their policy of Papal supremacy.-Early life:Ugolino was... |
Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni was an Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Innocent III, his cousin who elevated him probably in May 1206... |
SS. Sergio e Bacco | ||
| June 28, 1243 | Anagni Anagni Anagni is an ancient town and comune in Latium, central Italy, in the hills east-southeast of Rome. It is a historical center in Ciociaria.-Geography:... |
Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV Pope Innocent IV , born Sinibaldo Fieschi, was pope from June 25, 1243 until his death in 1254.-Early life:... |
Rainiero Capocci | S. Maria in Cosmedin | On that same day, he was consectrated bishop of Rome, probably by Cardinal Rinaldo Conti di Segni Pope Alexander IV Pope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, in Jenne , he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX... bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals (?). |
|
| December 20, 1254 | Naples Naples Naples is a city in Southern Italy, situated on the country's west coast by the Gulf of Naples. Lying between two notable volcanic regions, Mount Vesuvius and the Phlegraean Fields, it is the capital of the region of Campania and of the province of Naples... |
Pope Alexander IV Pope Alexander IV Pope Alexander IV was Pope from 1254 until his death.Born as Rinaldo di Jenne, in Jenne , he was, on his mother's side, a member of the de' Conti di Segni family, the counts of Segni, like Pope Innocent III and Pope Gregory IX... |
Riccardo Annibaldeschi | S. Angelo in Pescheria | ||
| September 4, 1261 | Viterbo Viterbo See also Viterbo, Texas and Viterbo UniversityViterbo is an ancient city and comune in the Lazio region of central Italy, the capital of the province of Viterbo. It is approximately 80 driving / 80 walking kilometers north of GRA on the Via Cassia, and it is surrounded by the Monti Cimini and... |
Pope Urban IV Pope Urban IV Pope Urban IV , born Jacques Pantaléon, was Pope, from 1261 to 1264. He was not a cardinal, and there have been several Popes since him who have not been Cardinals, including Urban V and Urban VI.-Biography:... |
Riccardo Annibaldeschi | S. Angelo in Pescheria | ||
| September 20, 1265 | Viterbo | Pope Clement IV Pope Clement IV Pope Clement IV , born Gui Faucoi called in later life le Gros , was elected Pope February 5, 1265, in a conclave held at Perugia that took four months, while cardinals argued over whether to call in Charles of Anjou, the youngest brother of Louis IX of France... |
Riccardo Annibaldeschi | S. Angelo in Pescheria | ||
| March 23, 1272 | Rome | Pope Gregory X Pope Gregory X Pope Blessed Gregory X , born Tebaldo Visconti, was Pope from 1271 to 1276. He was elected by the papal election, 1268–1271, the longest papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church.... |
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini Pope Nicholas III Pope Nicholas III , born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Pope from November 25, 1277 to his death in 1280, was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight Popes, been made cardinal-deacon of St... |
Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | On March 19 he was consecrated bishop Bishop A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the... of Rome by (?) (possibly by Cardinal Odo of Châteauroux Odo of Châteauroux Odo of Châteauroux was a French theologian and scholastic philosopher, papal legate and Cardinal. He was “an experienced preacher and promoter of crusades”. Over 1000 of his sermons survive.... bishop of Frascati and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals). |
|
| February 22, 1276 | Rome | Pope Innocent V Pope Innocent V Pope Blessed Innocent V , born Pierre de Tarentaise, was Pope from January 21 to June 22, 1276.He was born around 1225 near Moûtiers in the Tarentaise region of the County of Savoy, then part of the Kingdom of Arles in the Holy Roman Empire, but now in southeastern France... |
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | ||
| September 20, 1276 | Viterbo | Pope John XXI Pope John XXI Pope John XXI, , born Pedro Julião Pope John XXI, , born Pedro Julião Pope John XXI, , born Pedro Julião (Latin, Petrus Iulianus (c. 1215 – May 20, 1277), a Portuguese also called Pedro Hispano (Latin, Petrus Hispanus; English, Peter of Spain), was Pope from 1276 until his death about eight... |
Giovanni Gaetano Orsini | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | ||
| December 26, 1277 | Rome | Pope Nicholas III Pope Nicholas III Pope Nicholas III , born Giovanni Gaetano Orsini, Pope from November 25, 1277 to his death in 1280, was a Roman nobleman who had served under eight Popes, been made cardinal-deacon of St... |
Giacomo Savelli Pope Honorius IV Pope Honorius IV , born Giacomo Savelli, was Pope for two years from 1285 to 1287. During his unremarkable pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French policy of his predecessor, Pope Martin IV... |
S. Maria in Cosmedin | On December 19 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by (?) (possibly by Cardinal Bertrand de Saint-Martin Bertrand de Saint-Martin Bertrand de Saint-Martin was a French cardinal.He entered the Order of Benedictines and by 1238 was dean of the abbey of Saint-André de Villeneuve at Avignon. In 1248 he was elected bishop of Fréjus. In 1264 he was transferred to the see of Avignon, and in 1266 to the metropolitan see of Arles... bishop of Sabina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals). |
|
| March 23, 1281 | Orvieto Orvieto Orvieto is a city and comune in Province of Terni, southwestern Umbria, Italy situated on the flat summit of a large butte of volcanic tuff... |
Pope Martin IV Pope Martin IV Pope Martin IV, born Simon de Brion held the papacy from February 21, 1281 until his death.... |
Giacomo Savelli | S. Maria in Cosmedin | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini Latino Malabranca Orsini Latino Malabranca Orsini was an Italian Cardinal-nephew of Pope Nicholas III.He was son of Roman senator Angelo Malabranca and Mabilia Orsini, sister of Pope Nicholas III. He entered the Order of Preachers in his youth and studied law at University of Paris. He obtained the titles of doctor in law... bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
|
| May 19, 1285 | Rome | Pope Honorius IV Pope Honorius IV Pope Honorius IV , born Giacomo Savelli, was Pope for two years from 1285 to 1287. During his unremarkable pontificate he largely continued to pursue the pro-French policy of his predecessor, Pope Martin IV... |
Goffredo da Alatri | S. Giorgio in Velabro | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Latino Malabranca Orsini, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. | |
| February 22, 1288 | Rome | Pope Nicholas IV Pope Nicholas IV Pope Nicholas IV , born Girolamo Masci, was Pope from February 22, 1288 to April 4, 1292. A Franciscan friar, he had been legate to the Greeks under Pope Gregory X in 1272, succeeded Bonaventure as Minister General of his religious order in 1274, was made Cardinal Priest of Santa Prassede and... |
Matteo Orsini Rosso | S. Maria in Portico | ||
| August 29, 1294 | Aquila L'Aquila L'Aquila is a city and comune in central Italy, both the capital city of the Abruzzo region and of the Province of L'Aquila. , it has a population of 73,150 inhabitants, but has a daily presence in the territory of 100,000 people for study, tertiary activities, jobs and tourism... |
Pope Celestine V Pope Celestine V Pope Saint Celestine V, born Pietro Angelerio , also known as Pietro da Morrone was elected pope in the year 1294, by the papal election of 1292–1294, the last non-conclave in the history of the Roman Catholic Church... |
Probably by Cardinal Matteo Orsini Rosso | S. Maria in Portico | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome probably by Cardinal Hugh Aycelin Hugh Aycelin Hugh Aycelin was a French Cardinal.-Life:He entered the Order of Dominicans in his youth and became Master of Sacred Palace ca. 1286. Pope Nicholas IV created him Cardinal-Priest of S. Sabina in the consistory of 16 May 1288... bishop of Ostia e Velletri. He was crowned again a few days later (the only instance of a double papal coronation). |
|
| January 23, 1295 | Rome | Pope Boniface VIII Pope Boniface VIII Pope Boniface VIII , born Benedetto Gaetani, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303. Today, Boniface VIII is probably best remembered for his feuds with Dante, who placed him in the Eighth circle of Hell in his Divina Commedia, among the Simonists.- Biography :Gaetani was born in 1235 in... |
Matteo Orsini Rosso | S. Maria in Portico | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Hugh Aycelin, bishop of Ostia e Velletri. | |
| October 27, 1303 | Rome | Pope Benedict XI Pope Benedict XI Blessed Pope Benedict XI , born Nicola Boccasini, was Pope from 1303 to 1304.Born in Treviso, he succeeded Pope Boniface VIII , but was unable to carry out his policies... |
Matteo Orsini Rosso | S. Maria in Portico | ||
| November 14, 1305 | Lyon Lyon Lyon , is a city in east-central France in the Rhône-Alpes region, situated between Paris and Marseille. Lyon is located at from Paris, from Marseille, from Geneva, from Turin, and from Barcelona. The residents of the city are called Lyonnais.... |
Pope Clement V Pope Clement V Pope Clement V, born Raymond Bertrand de Got was Pope from 1305 to his death... |
Napoleone Orsini Frangipani Napoleone Orsini Frangipani Napoleone Orsini Frangipani was an Roman Cardinal. His ecclesiastical career lasted 57 years, 54 of them as a cardinal, and included six conclaves. He was a member of the Orsini and Frangipani families.... |
S. Adriano | ||
| September 5, 1316 | Lyon | Pope John XXII Pope John XXII Pope John XXII , born Jacques Duèze , was pope from 1316 to 1334. He was the second Pope of the Avignon Papacy , elected by a conclave in Lyon assembled by Philip V of France... |
Napoleone Orsini Frangipani | S. Adriano | ||
| May 15, 1328 | Rome | Antipope Nicholas V Antipope Nicholas V Nicholas V, born Pietro Rainalducci was an antipope in Italy from 12 May 1328 to 25 July 1330 during the pontificate of Pope John XXII at Avignon. He was the last Imperial antipope, that is, set up by a Holy Roman Emperor.-Life:Rainalducci was born at Corvaro, an ancient stronghold near Rieti in... |
Giacomo Alberti | pseudocardinal-bishop of Ostia e Velletri | On May 12 he was consecrated bishop of Rome also by Giacomo Alberti, at that time bishop of Castello. | |
| January 8, 1335 | Avignon Avignon Avignon is a French commune in southeastern France in the départment of the Vaucluse bordered by the left bank of the Rhône river. Of the 94,787 inhabitants of the city on 1 January 2010, 12 000 live in the ancient town centre surrounded by its medieval ramparts.Often referred to as the... |
Pope Benedict XII Pope Benedict XII Pope Benedict XII , born Jacques Fournier, the third of the Avignon Popes, was Pope from 1334 to 1342.-Early life:... |
Napoleone Orsini Frangipani | S. Adriano | ||
| May 19, 1342 | Avignon | Pope Clement VI Pope Clement VI Pope Clement VI , bornPierre Roger, the fourth of the Avignon Popes, was pope from May 1342 until his death in December of 1352... |
Raymond Guillaume des Farges | S. Maria Nuova | ||
| December 30, 1352 | Avignon | Pope Innocent VI Pope Innocent VI Pope Innocent VI , born Étienne Aubert; his father was Adhemar Aubert seigneur de Montel-De-Gelas in Limousin province. His niece was Catherine Aubert, Dame de Boutheon, also the wife of Randon II baron de Joyeuse; she is La Fayette's ancestor... |
Gaillard de la Mothe | S. Lucia in Septisolio | ||
| November 6, 1362 | Avignon | Pope Urban V Pope Urban V Pope Urban V , born Guillaume Grimoard, was Pope from 1362 to 1370.-Biography:Grimoard was a native of Grizac in Languedoc . He became a Benedictine and a doctor in Canon Law, teaching at Montpellier and Avignon... |
Probably by Cardinal Guillaume de la Jugié | S. Maria in Cosmedin | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Andouin Aubert Andouin Aubert Andouin Aubert was a French jurist, bishop and Cardinal.He was a nephew of Pope Innocent VI. He became apostolic notary, and was made bishop of Paris in 1349. In 1350 he was bishop of Auxerre, and in 1353 bishop of Maguelonne. The next year he resigned as bishop, and took up residence in Avignon,... bishop of Ostia e Velletri. |
|
| January 3, 1371 | Avignon | Pope Gregory XI Pope Gregory XI Gregory XI was pope from 1370 until his death.-Biography:He was born Pierre Roger de Beaufort, in Maumont, in the modern commune of Rosiers-d'Égletons, Limousin around 1336. He succeeded Pope Urban V in 1370, and was pope until 1378... |
Cardinal Rinaldo Orsini | S. Adriano | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Guy de Boulogne bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| April 18, 1378 | Rome | Pope Urban VI Pope Urban VI Pope Urban VI , born Bartolomeo Prignano, was Pope from 1378 to 1389.-Biography:Born in Itri, he was a devout monk and learned casuist, trained at Avignon. On March 21, 1364, he was consecrated Archbishop of Acerenza in the Kingdom of Naples... |
Giacomo Orsini | S. Giorgio in Velabro | ||
| October 31, 1378 | Fondi Fondi Fondi is a city and comune in the province of Latina, Lazio, central Italy, halfway between Rome and Naples. Before the construction of the highway between the latter cities in the late 1950s, Fondi had been an important settlement on the Roman Via Appia, which was the main connection from Rome to... |
Antipope Clement VII Antipope Clement VII Robert of Geneva was elected to the papacy as Pope Clement VII by the French cardinals who opposed Urban VI, and was the first Avignon antipope of the Western Schism.-Biography:... |
Count Onorato Caetani (not a Cardinal) | |||
| November 9, 1389 | Rome | Pope Boniface IX Pope Boniface IX Pope Boniface IX , born Piero Tomacelli, was the second Roman Pope of the Western Schism from November 2, 1389, until October 1, 1404... |
Tommaso Orsini | S. Maria in Domnica | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Francesco Moricotti Prignano bishop of Palestrina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| October 11, 1394 | Avignon | Antipope Benedict XIII Antipope Benedict XIII Benedict XIII, born Pedro Martínez de Luna y Pérez de Gotor , known as in Spanish, was an Aragonese nobleman, who is officially considered by the Catholic Church to be an antipope.... |
Hugues de Saint-Martial | S. Maria in Portico | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean de Neufchâtel bishop of Ostia e Velletri. | |
| November 11, 1404 | Rome | Pope Innocent VII Pope Innocent VII Pope Innocent VII , born Cosimo de' Migliorati, was briefly Pope at Rome, from 1404 to his death, during the Western Schism while there was a rival Pope, antipope Benedict XIII , at Avignon.Migliorati was born to a simple family of Sulmona in the Abruzzi... |
Rinaldo Brancaccio Rinaldo Brancaccio Rinaldo Brancaccio was an Italian cardinal from the 14th and 15th century, during the Western Schism. There were other members of his family created cardinals : Landolfo Brancaccio ; Niccolò Brancaccio, pseudocardinal of Antipope Clement VII ; Ludovico Bonito ; Tommaso Brancaccio ; Francesco Maria... |
SS. Vito e Modesto | ||
| December 19, 1406 | Rome | Pope Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII Pope Gregory XII , born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII on 30 November 1406.... |
Probably by Cardinal Rinaldo Brancaccio Rinaldo Brancaccio Rinaldo Brancaccio was an Italian cardinal from the 14th and 15th century, during the Western Schism. There were other members of his family created cardinals : Landolfo Brancaccio ; Niccolò Brancaccio, pseudocardinal of Antipope Clement VII ; Ludovico Bonito ; Tommaso Brancaccio ; Francesco Maria... |
SS. Vito e Modesto | ||
| July 7, 1409 | Pisa Pisa Pisa is a city in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the right bank of the mouth of the River Arno on the Tyrrhenian Sea. It is the capital city of the Province of Pisa... |
Antipope Alexander V Antipope Alexander V Alexander V was antipope during the Western Schism . He reigned from June 26, 1409, to his death in 1410 and is officially regarded by the Roman Catholic Church as an antipope.... |
Amadeo Saluzzo | S. Maria Nuova | ||
| May 25, 1410 | Bologna Bologna Bologna is the capital city of Emilia-Romagna, in the Po Valley of Northern Italy. The city lies between the Po River and the Apennine Mountains, more specifically, between the Reno River and the Savena River. Bologna is a lively and cosmopolitan Italian college city, with spectacular history,... |
Antipope John XXIII Antipope John XXIII Baldassarre Cossa was Pope John XXIII during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church regards him as an antipope.-Biography:... |
Rinaldo Brancaccio Rinaldo Brancaccio Rinaldo Brancaccio was an Italian cardinal from the 14th and 15th century, during the Western Schism. There were other members of his family created cardinals : Landolfo Brancaccio ; Niccolò Brancaccio, pseudocardinal of Antipope Clement VII ; Ludovico Bonito ; Tommaso Brancaccio ; Francesco Maria... |
SS. Vito e Modesto | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean Allarmet de Brogny bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| November 21, 1417 | Constance | Pope Martin V Pope Martin V Pope Martin V , born Odo Colonna, was Pope from 1417 to 1431. His election effectively ended the Western Schism .-Biography:... |
Amadeo Saluzzo | S. Maria Nuova | On November 14 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Jean Allarmet de Brogny, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| May 19, 1426 | Peñíscola Peñíscola Peníscola or Peñíscola is a municipality in the province of Castellón, Valencian Community, Spain. The town is located on the Costa del Azahar, north of the Serra d'Irta along the Mediterranean coast... |
Antipope Clement VIII Antipope Clement VIII Clement VIII was one of the antipopes of the Avignon line, reigning from 10 June 1423 to 26 July 1429. He was born between 1369–1370, as Gil Sanchez Muñoz y Carbón, and died on 28 December 1446.... |
crowned by (?) | |||
| March 11, 1431 | Rome | Pope Eugenius IV | Alfonso Carillo de Albornoz | S. Eustachio | ||
| June 24, 1440 | Basle | Antipope Felix V Antipope Felix V -External links:*... |
Cardinal Louis Aleman Louis Aleman Louis Aleman was a French cardinal.He was born of a noble family at the castle of Arbent near Bugey. A relative was the Papal Chamberlain. He was successively bishop of Maguelonne , archbishop of Arles and Cardinal Priest of S... |
S. Cecilia | ||
| March 19, 1447 | Rome | Pope Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V , born Tommaso Parentucelli, was Pope from March 6, 1447 to his death in 1455.-Biography:He was born at Sarzana, Liguria, where his father was a physician... |
Prospero Colonna Prospero Colonna (cardinal) Prospero Colonna was a cardinal-nephew of Pope Martin V , whose election ended the Western Schism. Colonna was excommunicated for a period due to his rebellion against Martin V's successor, Pope Eugene IV, becoming one of the few excommunicated cardinals... |
S. Giorgio in Velabro | ||
| April 20, 1455 | Rome | Pope Callistus III | Prospero Colonna | S. Giorgio in Velabro | ||
| September 3, 1458 | Rome | Pope Pius II Pope Pius II Pope Pius II, born Enea Silvio Piccolomini was Pope from August 19, 1458 until his death in 1464. Pius II was born at Corsignano in the Sienese territory of a noble but decayed family... |
Prospero Colonna | S. Giorgio in Velabro | ||
| September 16, 1464 | Rome | Pope Paul II Pope Paul II Pope Paul II , born Pietro Barbo, was pope from 1464 until his death in 1471.- Early life :He was born in Venice, and was a nephew of Pope Eugene IV , through his mother. His adoption of the spiritual career, after having been trained as a merchant, was prompted by his uncle's election as pope... |
Niccolò Fortiguerra Niccolò Fortiguerra Niccolò Fortiguerra was an Italian papal legate, military commander, and Cardinal.Born at Pistoia, he was related to Pope Pius II and is counted as a cardinal-nephew. He had a doctorate in utroque iure from the University of Siena.He became bishop of Teano in 1458, and Cardinal in 1460... |
S. Cecilia | ||
| August 25, 1471 | Rome | Pope Sixtus IV Pope Sixtus IV Pope Sixtus IV , born Francesco della Rovere, was Pope from 1471 to 1484. His accomplishments as Pope included the establishment of the Sistine Chapel; the group of artists that he brought together introduced the Early Renaissance into Rome with the first masterpiece of the city's new artistic age,... |
Rodrigo Borgia | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Guillaume d'Estouteville bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| September 12, 1484 | Rome | Pope Innocent VIII Pope Innocent VIII Pope Innocent VIII , born Giovanni Battista Cybo , was Pope from 1484 until his death.-Early years:Giovanni Battista Cybo was born at Genoa of Greek extraction... |
Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini | S. Eustachio | ||
| August 26, 1492 | Rome | Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI Pope Alexander VI , born Roderic Llançol i Borja was Pope from 1492 until his death on 18 August 1503. He is one of the most controversial of the Renaissance popes, and his Italianized surname—Borgia—became a byword for the debased standards of the Papacy of that era, most notoriously the Banquet... |
Francesco Todeschini-Piccolomini | S. Eustachio | ||
| October 8, 1503 | Rome | Pope Pius III Pope Pius III Pope Pius III , born Francesco Todeschini Piccolomini, was Pope from September 22 to October 18, 1503.-Career:... |
Raffaele Riario Raffaele Riario Raffaele Sansoni Galeoti Riario was an Italian Cardinal of the Renaissance, mainly known as the constructor of the Palazzo della Cancelleria and the one who invited Michelangelo to Rome. He was a patron of the arts... |
S. Giorgio in Velabro | On October 1 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Giuliano della Rovere, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| November 26, 1503 | Rome | Pope Julius II Pope Julius II Pope Julius II , nicknamed "The Fearsome Pope" and "The Warrior Pope" , born Giuliano della Rovere, was Pope from 1503 to 1513... |
Raffaele Riario | S. Giorgio in Velabro | ||
| March 19, 1513 | Rome | Pope Leo X Pope Leo X Pope Leo X , born Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, was the Pope from 1513 to his death in 1521. He was the last non-priest to be elected Pope. He is known for granting indulgences for those who donated to reconstruct St. Peter's Basilica and his challenging of Martin Luther's 95 Theses... |
Alessandro Farnese Pope Paul III Pope Paul III , born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death in 1549. He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation... |
S. Eustachio | On March 17 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Raffaele Riario, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| August 31, 1522 | Rome | Pope Adrian VI Pope Adrian VI Pope Adrian VI , born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, served as Pope from 9 January 1522 until his death some 18 months later... |
Marco Cornaro | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| November 26, 1523 | Rome | Pope Clement VII Pope Clement VII Clement VII , born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.-Early life:... |
Marco Cornaro | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| November 3, 1534 | Rome | Pope Paul III Pope Paul III Pope Paul III , born Alessandro Farnese, was Pope of the Roman Catholic Church from 1534 to his death in 1549. He came to the papal throne in an era following the sack of Rome in 1527 and rife with uncertainties in the Catholic Church following the Protestant Reformation... |
Innocenzo Cibo | S. Maria in Domnica | ||
| February 22, 1550 | Rome | Pope Julius III Pope Julius III Pope Julius III , born Giovanni Maria Ciocchi del Monte, was Pope from 7 February 1550 to 1555.... |
Innocenzo Cibo | S. Maria in Domnica | ||
| April 10, 1555 | Rome | Pope Marcellus II Pope Marcellus II Pope Marcellus II , born Marcello Cervini degli Spannochi, was Pope from 9 April 1555 to 1 May 1555, succeeding Pope Julius III. Before his accession as Pope he had been Cardinal-Priest of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme. He is the most recent Pope to choose to retain his birth name as his regnal name... |
Jean du Bellay Jean du Bellay Jean du Bellay was a French cardinal and diplomat, younger brother of Guillaume du Bellay, and bishop of Bayonne in 1526, member of the privy council in 1530, and bishop of Paris in 1532.-Biography:... bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina |
On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Gian Pietro Carafa, bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | ||
| May 26, 1555 | Rome | Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV Pope Paul IV, C.R. , né Giovanni Pietro Carafa, was Pope from 23 May 1555 until his death.-Early life:Giovanni Pietro Carafa was born in Capriglia Irpina, near Avellino, into a prominent noble family of Naples... |
Francesco Pisani Francesco Pisani Francesco Pisani was an Italian Cardinal, from 1517.He was bishop of Padua in 1524, bishop of Narbonne in 1551, bishop of Albano in 1555, bishop of Frascati in 1557, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1562,and bishop of Ostia in 1564.... |
S. Marco | ||
| January 6, 1560 | Rome | Pope Pius IV Pope Pius IV Pope Pius IV , born Giovanni Angelo Medici, was Pope from 1559 to 1565. He is notable for presiding over the culmination of the Council of Trent.-Biography:... |
Alessandro Farnese | S. Lorenzo in Damaso | ||
| January 17, 1566 | Rome | Pope Pius V Pope Pius V Pope Saint Pius V , born Antonio Ghislieri , was Pope from 1566 to 1572 and is a saint of the Catholic Church. He is chiefly notable for his role in the Council of Trent, the Counter-Reformation, and the standardization of the Roman liturgy within the Latin Church... |
Giulio Feltre della Rovere | S. Pietro in Vincoli | ||
| May 25, 1572 | Rome | Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII Pope Gregory XIII , born Ugo Boncompagni, was Pope from 1572 to 1585. He is best known for commissioning and being the namesake for the Gregorian calendar, which remains the internationally-accepted civil calendar to this date.-Youth:He was born the son of Cristoforo Boncompagni and wife Angela... |
Girolamo Simoncelli Girolamo Simoncelli Girolamo Simoncelli was an Italian cardinal.-Life:He was made a cardinal by his great-uncle pope Julius III in the consistory of 22 December 1553, elected bishop of Orvieto in 1554 and administrator in 1570... |
SS. Cosma e Damiano | ||
| May 1, 1585 | Rome | Pope Sixtus V Pope Sixtus V Pope Sixtus V , born Felice Peretti di Montalto, was Pope from 1585 to 1590.-Early life:The chronicler Andrija Zmajević states that Felice's family originated from modern-day Montenegro... |
Ferdinando de' Medici Ferdinando de' Medici Ferdinando de' Medici may refer to various members of the Medici ruling family of Tuscany:* Ferdinando I de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, , Grand Duke of Tuscany 1587–1609... |
S. Maria in Domnica | ||
| December 8, 1590 | Rome | Pope Gregory XIV Pope Gregory XIV Pope Gregory XIV , born Niccolò Sfondrati, was Pope from 5 December 1590 until his death in 1591.- Early career :... |
Andreas von Austria | S. Maria Nuova | ||
| November 3, 1591 | Rome | Pope Innocent IX Pope Innocent IX Pope Innocent IX , born Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti, was Pope from 29 October 1591 to his death on 30 December of the same year... |
Andreas von Austria | S. Maria Nuova | ||
| February 9, 1592 | Rome | Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII Pope Clement VIII , born Ippolito Aldobrandini, was Pope from 30 January 1592 to 3 March 1605.-Cardinal:... |
Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora | S. Maria in Via Lata | On February 2 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Alfonso Gesualdo Alfonso Gesualdo Alfonso Gesualdo was an Italian Cardinal, from 1561. He was from Naples.He was archbishop of Conza in 1564, bishop of Albano in 1583, bishop of Frascati in 1587, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina in 1589, bishop of Ostia in 1591, archbishop of Naples in 1596.He was a patron of Sant'Andrea della... bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
|
| April 29, 1605 | Rome | Pope Leo XI Pope Leo XI Pope Leo XI , born Alessandro Ottaviano de' Medici, was Pope from 1 April 1605 to 27 April of the same year.-Biography:... |
Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| May 29, 1605 | Rome | Pope Paul V Pope Paul V -Theology:Paul met with Galileo Galilei in 1616 after Cardinal Bellarmine had, on his orders, warned Galileo not to hold or defend the heliocentric ideas of Copernicus. Whether there was also an order not to teach those ideas in any way has been a matter for controversy... |
Francesco Sforza di Santa Fiora | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| February 14, 1621 | Rome | Pope Gregory XV Pope Gregory XV Pope Gregory XV , born Alessandro Ludovisi, was pope from 1621, succeeding Paul V on 9 February 1621... |
Andrea Baroni Peretti Montalto | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| September 29, 1623 | Rome | Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII Pope Urban VIII , born Maffeo Barberini, was pope from 1623 to 1644. He was the last pope to expand the papal territory by force of arms, and was a prominent patron of the arts and reformer of Church missions... |
Alessandro d'Este | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| October 4, 1644 | Rome | Pope Innocent X Pope Innocent X Pope Innocent X , born Giovanni Battista Pamphilj , was Pope from 1644 to 1655. Born in Rome of a family from Gubbio in Umbria who had come to Rome during the pontificate of Pope Innocent IX, he graduated from the Collegio Romano and followed a conventional cursus honorum, following his uncle... |
Carlo de Medici | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | ||
| April 16, 1655 | Rome | Pope Alexander VII Pope Alexander VII Pope Alexander VII , born Fabio Chigi, was Pope from 7 April 1655, until his death.- Early life :Born in Siena, a member of the illustrious banking family of Chigi and a great-nephew of Pope Paul V , he was privately tutored and eventually received doctorates of philosophy, law, and theology from... |
Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio Gian Giacomo Teodoro Trivulzio was an Italian Cardinal from Milan, who held several high functions in service of the Spanish Crown.... |
S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| June 26, 1667 | Rome | Pope Clement IX Pope Clement IX Pope Clement IX , born Giulio Rospigliosi, was Pope from 1667 to 1669.-Early life:Born Giulio Rospigliosi to a noble family of Pistoia, Grand Duchy of Tuscany, he was a pupil of the Jesuits. After receiving his doctorate in philosophy at the University of Pisa, he taught theology there... |
Rinaldo d'Este | S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | ||
| May 11, 1670 | Rome | Pope Clement X Pope Clement X Pope Clement X , born Emilio Bonaventura Altieri, was Pope from 29 April 1670 to 22 July 1676.-Early life:Emilio Altieri was born in Rome, the son of Lorenzo Altieri and Victoria Delphini, a Venetian lady... |
Francesco Maidalchini Francesco Maidalchini Francesco Maidalchini was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.-Early life:Maidalchini was born 12 April 1631 in Viterbo, the son of Andrea Maidalchini and Pacifica Feliziani... |
S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| October 4, 1676 | Rome | Pope Innocent XI Pope Innocent XI Blessed Pope Innocent XI , born Benedetto Odescalchi, was Pope from 1676 to 1689.-Early life:Benedetto Odescalchi was born at Como in 1611 , the son of a Como nobleman, Livio Odescalchi, and Paola Castelli Giovanelli from Gandino... |
Francesco Maidalchini | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| October 16, 1689 | Rome | Pope Alexander VIII Pope Alexander VIII Pope Alexander VIII , born Pietro Vito Ottoboni, was Pope from 1689 to 1691.-Early life:Pietro Ottoboni was born of a noble Venetian family, and was the son of Marco Ottoboni, chancellor of the Republic of Venice... |
Francesco Maidalchini | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| July 15, 1691 | Rome | Pope Innocent XII Pope Innocent XII Pope Innocent XII , born Antonio Pignatelli, was Pope from 1691 to 1700.-Biography:He was born in Spinazzola to one of the most aristocratic families of the Kingdom of Naples, which included many Viceroys, and ministers to the crown, and was educated at the Jesuit college in Rome.In his twentieth... |
Urbano Sacchetti | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| December 8, 1700 | Rome | Pope Clement XI Pope Clement XI Pope Clement XI , born Giovanni Francesco Albani, was Pope from 1700 until his death in 1721.-Early life:... |
Benedetto Pamphilj | S. Maria in Via Lata | On November 30 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal de Bouillon Cardinal de Bouillon Emmanuel Théodose de La Tour d'Auvergne was a French prelate and diplomat, known as the Cardinal de Bouillon.-Biography:... bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. |
|
| May 18, 1721 | Rome | Pope Innocent XIII Pope Innocent XIII Pope Innocent XIII was pope from 1721 until his death.He was born Michelangelo Conti in Poli, near Rome. Like Pope Innocent III , Pope Gregory IX and Pope Alexander IV , he was a member of the family of the Conti, counts and dukes of Segni... |
Benedetto Pamphilj | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| June 4, 1724 | Rome | Pope Benedict XIII Pope Benedict XIII -Footnotes:... |
Benedetto Pamphilj | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| July 16, 1730 | Rome | Pope Clement XII Pope Clement XII Pope Clement XII , born Lorenzo Corsini, was Pope from 12 July 1730 to 6 February 1740.Born in Florence, the son of Bartolomeo Corsini, Marquis of Casigliano and his wife Isabella Strozzi, sister of the Duke of Bagnuolo, Corsini had been an aristocratic lawyer and financial manager under preceding... |
Lorenzo Altieri | S. Agata in Suburra | ||
| August 21, 1740 | Rome | Pope Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV Pope Benedict XIV , born Prospero Lorenzo Lambertini, was Pope from 17 August 1740 to 3 May 1758.-Life:... |
Carlo Maria Marini | S. Agata in Suburra | ||
| July 16, 1758 | Rome | Pope Clement XIII Pope Clement XIII Pope Clement XIII , born Carlo della Torre di Rezzonico, was Pope from 16 July 1758 to 2 February 1769.... |
Alessandro Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| June 4, 1769 | Rome | Pope Clement XIV Pope Clement XIV Pope Clement XIV , born Giovanni Vincenzo Antonio Ganganelli, was Pope from 1769 to 1774. At the time of his election, he was the only Franciscan friar in the College of Cardinals.-Early life:... |
Alessandro Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | On May 28 he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Federico Marcello Lante bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and sub-dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| February 22, 1775 | Rome | Pope Pius VI Pope Pius VI Pope Pius VI , born Count Giovanni Angelo Braschi, was Pope from 1775 to 1799.-Early years:Braschi was born in Cesena... |
Alessandro Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | On that same day, he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Giovanni Francesco Albani, bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| March 21, 1800 | Venice Venice Venice is a city in northern Italy which is renowned for the beauty of its setting, its architecture and its artworks. It is the capital of the Veneto region... |
Pope Pius VII Pope Pius VII Pope Pius VII , born Barnaba Niccolò Maria Luigi Chiaramonti, was a monk, theologian and bishop, who reigned as Pope from 14 March 1800 to 20 August 1823.-Early life:... |
Antonio Doria Pamphili | S. Maria ad Martyres | ||
| October 5, 1823 | Rome | Pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII Pope Leo XII , born Annibale Francesco Clemente Melchiore Girolamo Nicola Sermattei della Genga, was Pope from 1823 to 1829.-Life:... |
Fabrizio Ruffo Fabrizio Ruffo Fabrizio Ruffo was an Italian cardinal and politician, who led the popular anti-republican Sanfedismo movement .-Biography:... |
S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| April 5, 1829 | Rome | Pope Pius VIII Pope Pius VIII Pope Pius VIII , born Francesco Saverio Castiglioni was Pope in 1829 and 1830.-Biography:He was born in Cingoli, Marche, the son of Count Ottavio Castiglioni and his wife Sanzia Ghislieri. He studied Canon law and, in 1800 became bishop of Montalto... |
Giuseppe Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| February 6, 1831 | Rome | Pope Gregory XVI Pope Gregory XVI Pope Gregory XVI , born Bartolomeo Alberto Cappellari, named Mauro as a member of the religious order of the Camaldolese, was Pope of the Catholic Church from 1831 to 1846... |
Giuseppe Albani | S. Maria in Via Lata | On that same day he was consecrated bishop of Rome by Cardinal Bartolomeo Pacca bishop of Ostia e Velletri and dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals. | |
| June 21, 1846 | Rome | Pope Pius IX Pope Pius IX Blessed Pope Pius IX , born Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, was the longest-reigning elected Pope in the history of the Catholic Church, serving from 16 June 1846 until his death, a period of nearly 32 years. During his pontificate, he convened the First Vatican Council in 1869, which decreed papal... |
Tommaso Riario Sforza Tommaso Riario Sforza Tommaso Riario Sforza was the Neapolitan Cardinal who, as protodeacon, announced at the end of the 1846 conclave the election of Cardinal Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti as Pope Pius IX.... |
S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| March 3, 1878 | Rome | Pope Leo XIII Pope Leo XIII Pope Leo XIII , born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci to an Italian comital family, was the 256th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church, reigning from 1878 to 1903... |
Teodolfo Mertel Teodolfo Mertel Teodolfo Mertel was a lawyer and a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He was the last lay cardinal.Pope Pius IX made him a Cardinal-Deacon of S. Eustachio on 15 March 1858. Two months later on May 16, Pope Pius IX ordained him as a deacon... |
deacon of S. Eustachio | ||
| August 9, 1903 | Rome | Pope Pius X Pope Pius X Pope Saint Pius X , born Giuseppe Melchiorre Sarto, was the 257th Pope of the Catholic Church, serving from 1903 to 1914. He was the first pope since Pope Pius V to be canonized. Pius X rejected modernist interpretations of Catholic doctrine, promoting traditional devotional practices and orthodox... |
Luigi Macchi Luigi Macchi Luigi Macchi was an Italian Catholic nobleman and a Cardinal. As protodeacon, he announced the election of cardinal Giuseppe Sarto at the end of the conclave of 1903.-External links:**... |
S. Maria in Via Lata | ||
| September 6, 1914 | Rome | Pope Benedict XV Pope Benedict XV Pope Benedict XV , born Giacomo Paolo Giovanni Battista della Chiesa, reigned as Pope from 3 September 1914 to 22 January 1922... |
Francesco Salesio Della Volpe Francesco Salesio Della Volpe Francesco Salesio Della Volpe was an Italian Catholic Cardinal from a noble family. He held the position of secretary of the Congregation of Indulgences and Relics and prefect of the Prefecture of the Pontifical Household. Created cardinal in pector in 1899, he was named published in concistory of... |
S. Maria in Aquiro | ||
| February 12, 1922 | Rome | Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI Pope Pius XI , born Ambrogio Damiano Achille Ratti, was Pope from 6 February 1922, and sovereign of Vatican City from its creation as an independent state on 11 February 1929 until his death on 10 February 1939... |
Gaetano Bisleti Gaetano Bisleti Gaetano Bisleti S.T.D. was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church and was former Prefect of the Sacred Congregation for Catholic Education.Gaetano Bisleti was born in Veroli, Italy... |
S. Agata in Suburra | ||
| March 12, 1939 | Rome, Vatican City Vatican City Vatican City , or Vatican City State, in Italian officially Stato della Città del Vaticano , which translates literally as State of the City of the Vatican, is a landlocked sovereign city-state whose territory consists of a walled enclave within the city of Rome, Italy. It has an area of... |
Pope Pius XII Pope Pius XII The Venerable Pope Pius XII , born Eugenio Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Pacelli , reigned as Pope, head of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City State, from 2 March 1939 until his death in 1958.... |
Camillo Caccia-Dominioni Camillo Caccia-Dominioni Camillo Caccia-Dominioni was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Pontifical Household from 1921 to 1935, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1935.-Biography:... |
S. Maria in Domnica | ||
| November 4, 1958 | Rome, Vatican City | Pope John XXIII Pope John XXIII -Papal election:Following the death of Pope Pius XII in 1958, Roncalli was elected Pope, to his great surprise. He had even arrived in the Vatican with a return train ticket to Venice. Many had considered Giovanni Battista Montini, Archbishop of Milan, a possible candidate, but, although archbishop... |
Nicola Canali Nicola Canali Nicola Canali was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as President of the Pontifical Commission for Vatican City State from 1939 and as Major Penitentiary from 1941 until his death, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1935... |
S. Nicola in Carcere Tulliano | ||
| June 30, 1963 | Rome, Vatican City | Pope Paul VI Pope Paul VI Paul VI , born Giovanni Battista Enrico Antonio Maria Montini , reigned as Pope of the Catholic Church from 21 June 1963 until his death on 6 August 1978. Succeeding Pope John XXIII, who had convened the Second Vatican Council, he decided to continue it... |
Alfredo Ottaviani | S. Maria in Domnica |
External links
- Video highlights from Pius XII's 1939 coronation
- The Coronation of Pope Leo XIII a detailed account
- The Papal Tiara shows photos of several papal coronations