Polish Aviation Museum
Encyclopedia
Polish Aviation Museum is a large museum
of old aircraft
and aircraft engines in Kraków
, Poland
. It is located at the site of the no-longer functional Kraków-Rakowice-Czyżyny Airport
. This airfield, established by Austria-Hungary
in 1912, is one of the oldest in the world. The museum opened in 1964, after the airfield closed in 1963.
The collection consists of over 200 aircraft as of 2005. Several of the aircraft displayed are unique on the world scale, including sailplanes and some 100 aircraft engines. Some of the exhibits are only in their initial stages. The museum houses a large aviation library
and photographic archives.
The museum has 22 extremely rare airplanes that once were part of the personal collection of Hermann Göring
, which before World War II were displayed in Deutsche Luftfahrtsammlung museum in Berlin. These planes were evacuated during the war to rescue them from Allied bombing (the museum itself was destroyed in air raids) and were found abandoned on Polish territory after the war ended. Contemporary museums in Germany had unofficially expressed interest in having some of these planes transferred, especially those that are of great significance to German aviation history. As of 2009 however, there was no sign that this would happen in the foreseeable future.
The museum has very few Polish planes from the years 1918-1939, as these were almost all destroyed during the Nazi German occupation of Poland, including those displayed in Polish pre-war aviation museums. The only two examples of prewar Polish military aircraft in the collection: a PZL P.11
(the only surviving example in the world) and a PWS-26
, survived only because they were diplayed as war trophies by the Germans, and so were part of the above mentioned collection acquired after the war. In addition, a few Polish pre-war civilian planes were returned by Romania after the war and eventually found their way to the museum.
In contrast, the museum has an essentially complete collection of all airplane types developed or used by Poland after 1945.
More gliders in storage.
Museum
A museum is an institution that cares for a collection of artifacts and other objects of scientific, artistic, cultural, or historical importance and makes them available for public viewing through exhibits that may be permanent or temporary. Most large museums are located in major cities...
of old aircraft
Aircraft
An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet. An aircraft counters the force of gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases the downward thrust from jet engines.Although...
and aircraft engines in Kraków
Kraków
Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...
, Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
. It is located at the site of the no-longer functional Kraków-Rakowice-Czyżyny Airport
Kraków-Rakowice-Czyzyny Airport
Kraków-Rakowice-Czyżyny Airport is a disused airport in Kraków, Poland, one of the oldest permanent airfields in Europe, open for occasional traffic by certain types of aircraft...
. This airfield, established by Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary
Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
in 1912, is one of the oldest in the world. The museum opened in 1964, after the airfield closed in 1963.
The collection consists of over 200 aircraft as of 2005. Several of the aircraft displayed are unique on the world scale, including sailplanes and some 100 aircraft engines. Some of the exhibits are only in their initial stages. The museum houses a large aviation library
Library
In a traditional sense, a library is a large collection of books, and can refer to the place in which the collection is housed. Today, the term can refer to any collection, including digital sources, resources, and services...
and photographic archives.
The museum has 22 extremely rare airplanes that once were part of the personal collection of Hermann Göring
Hermann Göring
Hermann Wilhelm Göring, was a German politician, military leader, and a leading member of the Nazi Party. He was a veteran of World War I as an ace fighter pilot, and a recipient of the coveted Pour le Mérite, also known as "The Blue Max"...
, which before World War II were displayed in Deutsche Luftfahrtsammlung museum in Berlin. These planes were evacuated during the war to rescue them from Allied bombing (the museum itself was destroyed in air raids) and were found abandoned on Polish territory after the war ended. Contemporary museums in Germany had unofficially expressed interest in having some of these planes transferred, especially those that are of great significance to German aviation history. As of 2009 however, there was no sign that this would happen in the foreseeable future.
The museum has very few Polish planes from the years 1918-1939, as these were almost all destroyed during the Nazi German occupation of Poland, including those displayed in Polish pre-war aviation museums. The only two examples of prewar Polish military aircraft in the collection: a PZL P.11
PZL P.11
The PZL P.11 was a Polish fighter aircraft, designed in the early 1930s by PZL in Warsaw. It was briefly considered to be the most advanced fighter aircraft design in the world...
(the only surviving example in the world) and a PWS-26
PWS-26
-References:*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -See also:...
, survived only because they were diplayed as war trophies by the Germans, and so were part of the above mentioned collection acquired after the war. In addition, a few Polish pre-war civilian planes were returned by Romania after the war and eventually found their way to the museum.
In contrast, the museum has an essentially complete collection of all airplane types developed or used by Poland after 1945.
Fixed-wing motorized aircraft
|
Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 The Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-23 is a variable-geometry fighter aircraft, designed by the Mikoyan-Gurevich design bureau in the Soviet Union. It is considered to belong to the Soviet third generation jet fighter category, along with similarly aged Soviet fighters such as the MiG-25 "Foxbat"... MF Mikoyan MiG-29 The Mikoyan MiG-29 is a fourth-generation jet fighter aircraft designed in the Soviet Union for an air superiority role. Developed in the 1970s by the Mikoyan design bureau, it entered service with the Soviet Air Force in 1983, and remains in use by the Russian Air Force as well as in many other... T-6 Texan The North American Aviation T-6 Texan was a single-engine advanced trainer aircraft used to train pilots of the United States Army Air Forces, United States Navy, Royal Air Force and other air forces of the British Commonwealth during World War II and into the 1950s... Polikarpov Po-2 The Polikarpov Po-2 served as a general-purpose Soviet biplane, nicknamed Kukuruznik for maize; thus, 'maize duster' or 'crop duster'), NATO reporting name "Mule"... LNB PWS-26 -References:*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977 -See also:... WSK-Mielec M-15 Belphegor The Mielec M-15 was a jet agricultural aircraft, manufactured by PZL Mielec in Poland for the USSR agricultural aviation. It was the only jet biplane and only jet agricultural plane in the world... PZL M-4 Tarpan -References:*Janusz Babiejczuk, Jerzy Grzegorzewski: Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973, Warsaw 1973 *Marian Krzyżan: Samoloty w muzeach polskich, WKiŁ, Warsaw 1983, ISBN 83-206-0432-X... PZL P.11 The PZL P.11 was a Polish fighter aircraft, designed in the early 1930s by PZL in Warsaw. It was briefly considered to be the most advanced fighter aircraft design in the world... c PZL S-4 Kania The PZL S-4 Kania was a Polish trainer and glider towing aircraft of 1950s, not built in series. The first prototype was designated S-3 Kania. There is also a helicopter named PZL Kania.-Design and development:... 3 LWD Szpak -References:*Babiejczuk, Janusz and Grzegorzewski, Jerzy: Polski przemysł lotniczy 1945-1973 , Wydawnictwo MON, Warsaw 1974 *Krzyżan, Marian: Samoloty w muzeach polskich, Warsaw 1983, ISBN 83-206-0432... PZL-104 Wilga PZL-104 Wilga is a Polish designed and built short-takeoff-and-landing Civil Aviation utility aircraft manufactured by PZL "Warszawa-Okęcie";... PZL-105 Flaming |-See also:-References:*Andrzej Glass: Samoloty '94, Grupa IMAGE, Warsaw 1994, ISBN 83-85461-19-1* Lambert, Mark . Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0 7106 1066 1.-External links:*... PZL-130 Orlik -See also :-References :*Lambert, Mark. Jane's All The World's Aircraft 1993-94. Coulsdon, UK:Jane's Data Division, 1993. ISBN 0 7106 1066 1.*"Orlik…A Polish Fledgeling". Air International, October 1985, Vol 29 No 4. pp. 167–172. ISSN 0306-5634.... RWD-13 The RWD-13 was a Polish touring plane of 1935, three-seater high-wing monoplane, designed by the RWD team. It was the biggest commercial success of the RWD.-Development:... RWD-21 |-References:*Andrzej Glass: "Polskie konstrukcje lotnicze 1893-1939" , WKiŁ, Warsaw 1977, p.322-323 -See also:-External links:*... J 35 Draken The Saab 35 Draken was a Swedish fighter aircraft manufactured by Saab between 1955 and 1974. The Draken was built to replace the Saab J 29 Tunnan and, later, the fighter variant of the Saab 32 Lansen... JA 37 Viggen The Saab 37 Viggen was a Swedish single-seat, single-engine, short-medium range fighter and attack aircraft, manufactured between 1970 and 1990... Sopwith Camel The Sopwith Camel was a British First World War single-seat biplane fighter introduced on the Western Front in 1917. Manufactured by Sopwith Aviation Company, it had a short-coupled fuselage, heavy, powerful rotary engine, and concentrated fire from twin synchronized machine guns. Though difficult... Sukhoi Su-7 The Sukhoi Su-7 was a swept wing, supersonic fighter aircraft developed by the Soviet Union in 1955. Originally, it was designed as tactical, low-level dogfighter, but was not successful in this role. On the other hand, soon-introduced Su-7B series became the main Soviet fighter-bomber and... BKL Supermarine Spitfire The Supermarine Spitfire is a British single-seat fighter aircraft that was used by the Royal Air Force and many other Allied countries throughout the Second World War. The Spitfire continued to be used as a front line fighter and in secondary roles into the 1950s... LF Mk XVIE Tupolev Tu-134 The Tupolev Tu-134 is a twin-engined airliner, similar to the American Douglas DC-9 and the French Sud Aviation Caravelle, and built in the Soviet Union from 1966–1984. The original version featured a glazed-nose design and, like certain other Russian airliners , it can operate from unpaved... A Tupolev Tu-2 |-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Bishop, Chris. The Encyclopedia of Weapons of WWII: The Comprehensive Guide to Over 1,500 Weapons Systems, Including Tanks, Small Arms, Warplanes, Artillery, Ships, and Submarines. New York: Sterling, 2002. ISBN 1-58663-762-2.* Ethell, Jeffrey L. Aircraft... S PZL MD-12 The PZL MD-12 was a Polish four-engined short-range passenger and civil utility aircraft of the 1960s, which remained in a prototype stage.-Design and development:... PZL TS-11 Iskra |-See also:-References:*"Poland's Veteran Spark". Air International, March 1979, Vol 16 No. 3. Bromley, UK:Fine Scroll Publishing. pp. 126–131.... LWD Junak |-See also:-References:*Kempski, Benedykt. Samolot szkolno-treningowy Junak, TBiU #110, Wydawnictwo MON, Warsaw 1986, ISBN 83-11-07341-4 *Krzyżan, Marian. Samoloty w muzeach polskich, Wydawnictwo WKiŁ, Warsaw 1983, ISBN 83-206-0432... Zlin Trener |- Specifications :-See also:-References:*Mourik, Dick van. "A to Zlin: An Illustrated History of a Light Aircraft Dynasty". Air Enthusiast, No. 93, May/June 2001. Stamford, UK:Key Publishing. ISSN 0143 5450. pp. 59–65.... The Museum also possesses some other incomplete aircraft and some stored. |
Gliders
- IS-1 SępIS-1 Sęp|-See also:-References:*Taylor, J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29*Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1945-1965 2nd revised edition. EQIP Werbung und Verlag G.m.b.H.. Königswinter. 2006. ISBN 3-9807977-4-0...
bis - IS-3 ABCIS-3 ABC|-See also:-References:* Taylor, J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29...
- IS-4 JastrząbIS-4 JastrząbThe IS-4 Jastrząb was a single-seat aerobatic glider designed and built in Poland from 1949.- Development :...
- IS-A Salamandra
- IS-B KomarIS-B Komar|-See also:-References:* Taylor, J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29-External links:* http://www.piotrp.de/SZYBOWCE/pis8.htm* http://mlp.h2.pl/zbiory_sz.php?ido=83&w=a...
49 - IS-C Żuraw
- S-1 Swift
- SZD-6x Nietoperz
- SZD-8bis Jaskółka
- SZD-9 bis Bocian 1A
- SZD-10bis CzaplaPZL Bielsko SZD-10|-References:*Taylor, J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29-External links:*http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mOxE3ZbVbE*http://www.airplane-pictures.net/type.php?p=2121...
- SZD-12 Mucha 100
- SZD-15 Sroka
- SZD-17x Jaskółka LPZL Bielsko SZD-17x|-See also:-References:*Taylor, J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29*Simons, Martin. Sailplanes 1945-1965 2nd revised edition. EQIP Werbung und Verlag G.m.b.H.. Königswinter. 2006...
- SZD-18 CzajkaPZL Bielsko SZD-18The SZD-18 Czajka was a single-seat glider designed and built in Poland in 1956.- Development :...
- SZD-19 Zefir
- SZD-21 Kobuz 3
- SZD-22 Mucha StandardPZL Bielsko SZD-22|-References:* Taylor, J. H. Jane's Encyclopedia of Aviation. Studio Editions: London. p. 29* Coates, Andrew. “Jane's World Sailplanes & Motor Gliders new edition”. London, Jane's. 1980...
- SZD-25A Lis
- SZD-43 Orion
- SZD-43 Orion
- WWS Wrona bis
- WWS-2 Żaba
More gliders in storage.
Helicopters
- BŻ-1 GILBZ-1 GIL|-See also:-References:NotesBibliography* Glass, Andrzej. "Śmigłowiec BŻ-1 GIL" . Lotnictwo, 2/2005. ISSN 1732-5323.* Green, William and Gerald Pollinger. The Observer's Book of Aircraft, 1958 edition. London: Fredrick Warne & Co. Ltd., 1958....
- BŻ-4 ŻukBZ-4 ZukThe BŻ-4 Żuk was a Polish four-seat light helicopter built in the 1950s. Although it pioneered a novel rotor and transmission system, it never entered series production.-Design and development:...
- JK-1 Trzmiel
- Mil Mi-4Mil Mi-4The Mil Mi-4 was a Soviet transport helicopter that served in both military and civilian roles.-Design and development:...
A - Mil Mi-4 ME
- WSK Mi-2Mil Mi-2The Mil Mi-2 is a small, lightly armored transport helicopter that could also provide close air support when armed with 57 mm rockets and a 23 mm cannon.-Design and development:...
URP - WSK Mi-2Ch
- WSK SM-1 (licence Mil Mi-1Mil Mi-1The Mil Mi-1 The Mil Mi-1 The Mil Mi-1 ( (USAF/DoD reporting name "Type 32", NATO reporting name "Hare") was a Soviet three- or four-seat light utility helicopter. It was the first Soviet helicopter to enter serial production. It is powered by one 575 hp Ivchenko AI-26V radial. It entered...
) - WSK SM-2
Engines
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Mikulin AM-34 The Mikulin AM-34 was the Soviet Union’s first indigenous mass-produced, liquid-cooled, aircraft engine. Its initial development was troubled, but it eventually became one of the most successful Soviet aircraft engines of the 1930s... Mikulin AM-38 |-See also:-Bibliography:* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9... F R-13 The R-13 was a submarine-launched ballistic missile developed by the Soviet Union starting around 1955. It was assigned the NATO reporting name SS-N-4 Sark and carried the GRAU index 4K50.-History:... R-27 R27 may refer to:* R27 , a British rigid airship of World War One* R27 , a model of New York City Subway rolling stock manufactured from 1960 to 1961* R27 road... Rolls-Royce Kestrel |-See also:-Bibliography:* Erfurth, Helmut. Junkers Ju 87 . Bonn, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 2004. ISBN 1-85780-186-5.... II S Rolls-Royce Merlin The Rolls-Royce Merlin is a British liquid-cooled, V-12, piston aero engine, of 27-litre capacity. Rolls-Royce Limited designed and built the engine which was initially known as the PV-12: the PV-12 became known as the Merlin following the company convention of naming its piston aero engines after... Mk XX R-11 Zemlya The R-11 Zemlya,, GRAU index 8A61 was a Soviet tactical ballistic missile. It is also known by its NATO reporting name SS-1 Scud-A. It was the first of several similar Soviet missiles to be given the reporting name Scud.... (SCUD) Siemens-Halske Sh 14 -References:* Becker, E. Siemens Jahrbuch 1928: Flugzeugmotoren der Siemens & Halske AG, reproduced on * http://www.oldengine.org/members/diesel/Duxford/germaer1.htm... Sunbeam Mohawk Sunbeam, Wolverhampton, England, started to build aircraft engines in 1912. Louis Coatalen joined Sunbeam as chief engineer in 1909, having previously been Chief Engineer at the Humber company works in Coventry. The company quickly became one of the UK's leading engine manufacturers and even... Shvetsov ASh-62 -Bibliography:* * -External links:***... IR Shvetsov ASh-82 The Shvetsov ASh-82 is a 14-cylinder, two-row, air-cooled radial aircraft engine developed from the Shvetsov M-62, itself a development from M-25 a licensed version of the Wright R-1820 Cyclone.-Design and development:... FN Shvetsov M-11 |-See also:-Bibliography:* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9... D Shvetsov M-11 |-See also:-Bibliography:* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9... FR Walter Minor |-See also:-References:* Gunston, Bill. World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines. Cambridge, England. Patrick Stephens Limited, 1989. ISBN 1-85260-163-9*... 4-III Wright R-2600 |-See also:-Bibliography:* Jane's Fighting Aircraft of World War II. London. Studio Editions Ltd, 1998. ISBN 0-517-67964-7-External links:... -23 Cyclone 14 |
See also
- Museums and other visitors' points of interest in KrakówCulture of KrakówKraków is considered by many to be the cultural capital of Poland. It was named the European Capital of Culture by European Union for the year 2000. The city has some of the best museums in the country and several famous theaters...
- List of aerospace museums
External links
- Official website of the museum (in English and Polish)
- Images from the museum collected on www.airliners.net