Punk in Yugoslavia
Encyclopedia
Punk in Yugoslavia was the punk subculture
of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
, a state which existed until 1991. The most developed punk scenes across the federation existed in Socialist Republic of Slovenia
, the Adriatic coast of Socialist Republic of Croatia
, the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
, the capital of Belgrade
and other places.
Notable acts include: Pankrti
, Paraf
, Pekinška patka
, KUD Idijoti
, Niet
, Patareni
and KBO!
.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
was never part of the Eastern Bloc
, and it was open to western
influences. The Yugoslav pop and rock scene was socially accepted, well developed and covered in the media. The former Yugoslav punk scene emerged in the late 1970s, influenced by the first wave of punk rock bands from the United Kingdom
and United States
, such as Sex Pistols
, The Clash
, The Damned, Ramones
, Generation X
, The Ruts
, Buzzcocks
and The Jam
, as well as the proto-punk acts such as The Stooges
and the New York Dolls
. The DIY
punkzine scene also started to develop in Yugoslavia.
The Yugoslav punk bands were the first punk bands ever formed in a socialist state
. Some of the first ones were formed in the then SR Slovenia and SR Croatia: Pankrti
from Ljubljana
, formed in 1977, and Paraf
from Rijeka
, depending on the source, formed in 1976 http://www.rirock.com/izvodjaci/paraf/ or 1977.http://www.geopoetika.com/book.php?id=99. The Slovenian and Croatian scene of the day was featured in the Novi Punk Val
compilation album, compiled by Igor Vidmar
, which included Pankrti, Paraf, Buldogi, Termiti
, Berlinski Zid, Grupa 92 and Prljavo Kazalište
. In SR Slovenia, punk-rock quickly became popular and practically reached to the most remote places. At some point more than 80% of a generation listened to punk rock music, a phenomenon that far outgrew the alternative-goes-mainstream situation in post-grunge
America
. This example was however not repeated anywhere else. Slovenia had unique geography - homogenous, compact nation with no big cities, but a network of townships, which helped the spread and made it the center for punk rock in Yugoslavia
.
The late-1970s and early 1980s bands from Belgrade
, the capital of both SR Serbia and Yugoslavia included: Defektno Efektni
, Urbana Gerila
and Radnička Kontrola
(feat. Cane
who later came into prominence as frontman of Partibrejkers
and Srđan Todorović, later an eminent movie actor). This generation of bands was included on the Artistička Radna Akcija
compilation. Električni Orgazam
was also a punk band during its early period, although it changed to a more mainstream
act later. Prominent Serbian punkabilly artist was Tonny Montano from Belgrade, formerly a singer of Radost Evrope. From Novi Sad
, SAP Vojvodina, used to be the group Pekinška patka
, which was led by the charismatic Professor Čonta. In Serbia Proper, in Šabac
, emerged the notable Yugoslav punk writer
Ivan Glišić
.
The first punk band in Skopje
, Socialist Republic of Macedonia
is considered to be Fol Jazik
, formed in 1978. Other notable acts from Skopje included Badmingtons
and Saraceni, both led by Vladimir Petrovski Karter. The bass player of Saraceni, Goran Trajkoski
, previously played in the punk band Afektiven naboj
from Struga
. Later he was the frontman of Padot na Vizantija
and rose to international prominence as the frontman of Anastasia
and Mizar
. In Sarajevo
, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
, the following artists emerged: Ozbiljno pitanje (which later evolved into Crvena Jabuka
), Ševa (which later evolved into Bombaj Štampa
led by Branko Đurić), and the cult band Zabranjeno Pušenje
. These Sarajevian bands later formed the punk-inspired New Primitives
movement.
In the late 1970s, some punk bands were affiliated with the Yugoslav New Wave
scene, and were labeled as both punk rock and new wave. During a certain period, the term New Wave music
was interchangeable with punk. The most important records of the Yugoslav New Wave era are Paket Aranžman
and Dolgcajt-Boredom by Pankrti.
The end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s saw the emergence of various subgenres of punk rock, such as streetpunk and Oi!
later followed by: hardcore punk
, crust punk
all the way to crossover thrash
and grindcore
. Notable acts during the 1980s included, the hardcore punk bands such as Niet
, Odpadki Civilizacije, Tožibabe, Epidemija and U.B.R. from Ljubljana
, S.O.R. from Idrija
and Ujetniki svobode from Laško
, Slovenia; Patareni from Zagreb
, KUD Idijoti
from Pula
and Apatridi from Slavonska Požega, Croatia; The Dissidents from Prijedor
and Ženevski Dekret from Mostar
, Bosnia and Herzegovina; KBO!
and Trula koalicija from Kragujevac
, Serbia Proper; Nade iz Inkubatora, Giuseppe Carabino, Marselyeza and Process from Subotica
, Incest from Novi Bečej
and Napred U Prošlost from Banatsko Novo Selo
, Vojvodina; and the Oi!/streetpunk bands Dva minuta mržnje, Vrisak generacije and Ritam Nereda (all three from Novi Sad
, Vojvodina). A notable mainstream pop punk
band was Psihomodo Pop
from Croatia (heavily influenced by the Ramones).
Many eminent foreign punk bands played concerts in the former Yugoslavia in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, including: The Ruts
, Siouxsie and the Banshees, UK Subs
, Angelic Upstarts
, The Exploited
, Charged GBH
, The Anti-Nowhere League
, Discharge
, Youth Brigade
and Amebix
. In 1983 The Anti-Nowhere League released their album Live in Yugoslavia
, while Angelic Upstarts released a live album with the same title in 1985.
, as the other punk rock artists around the world, the Yugoslav ones also included social commentary
in their songs. Anarcho-punk
and Straight Edge
scenes also existed, while some bands were just nihilistic
. The Yugoslav punk rock and hardcore punk lyrics often featured social and political criticism, anti-war
, anti-chauvinist, anti-authoritarian and anarchist messages, which can be also seen by the bands' names, such as: Vrisak Hirošime (Cry of Hiroshima
), Apatridi (Stateless persons), The Dissidents (Dissidents), Patareni (Patarenes), Marselyeza (La Marseillaise
), Stres Državnega Aparata (Stress Of The State Apparatus), Sistem Organizirane Represije (System Of Organized Repression) etc. There were also some apolitical
bands whose songs dealt with personal subjects, humour
, sex
or just innocent youth rebellion.
and Nazi skinhead-oriented group called The Fourth Reich
in Ljubljana
, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
in 1981. Though largely obscure, the band was put on trial and its members got imprisoned before having a chance to release any recordings or play live, hence leaving no legacy. They were also once turned down by the notable promoter
and Pankrti
's manager Igor Vidmar
, who refused to sign them as he disapproved of their racist lyrics.
Although the existence of the punk subculture
was generally tolerated in Yugoslavia, with occasional mild cases of censorship
, the one-party system
still viewed it with certain degree of suspicion because of its in-your-face attitude, clothing, music and way of life which differed from the established image of model citizens. Thus, the authorities used this incident as an opportunity to label the punk movement as subversive and as a pretext to impose indiscriminate oppression on all punk
s and skinhead
s who began to be perceived as potential enemies of the state, although the overwhelming majority of them was actually anti-fascist, for example, both Pankrti and KUD Idijoti
have their respective cover version
s of the Italian antifascist and communist song Bandiera Rossa
.
This led to moral panic
. The authorities' reaction to punks, labeling them as "fascists", reached its crescendo during the prosecution of the aforementioned Igor Vidmar, who was bizarrely arrested for wearing the Dead Kennedys
' Nazi Punks Fuck Off!
badge with a swastika
crossed out.http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/62/066.html That anti-fascist badge was wrongly interpreted as a Nazi provocation and Vidmar was detained.
Despite the affair, which faded after a certain period anyway, the Yugoslav punk scene continued to exist successfully (although with less mainstream media coverage). While the first generation of groups such as Pankrti, Paraf
, Prljavo kazalište
and Pekinška patka
were quite well exposed in the media, having appearances and music videos on the public TV stations and record contracts for major labels such as Jugoton
, Suzy Records and ZKP RTL, the artists that came after the affair emerged, faced various problems and some succeeded to gain prominence only in the underground music
circles. Apart from the affair, another reason for this is that some mainstream media began to consider punk as fad, as the initial punk euphoria of The Sex Pistols and The Clash
was already gone, so they turned their interest to other styles such as: new wave
, post-punk
, new romantic
, synthpop
, darkwave
and gothic rock
, leaving much of the new generation of streetpunk and hardcore punk
acts underestimated or unnoticed.
The late 1980s and early 1990s saw transition from to parliamentary democracy which brought further liberalisation in the country, but also rise of extreme nationalism
, previously kept under control by the communist regime. These processes led to the disintegration of SFR Yugoslavia
.
In an interview published in the post-communist and post-Yugoslav period, despite the troubles he once had with the previous system, Vidmar was quoted saying: "It is an irony that it is harder to work now in this liberal democracy
, than in the last 10 years of SFRY's communism".http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2001/06/24/srpski/K01062310.shtml
ceased to exist with the country's violent breakup in the early 1990s. Many of its former adherents participated in anti-war
and anti-nationalist
activities and were often attacked by the nationalist in their countries, unfortunately most of their fan base from early '80s-namely punks from Serbia and Croatia joined respective nationalist and pro fascist movements in their republics and readily joined paramilitary units and took part in civil war in Yugoslavia -their political indolence was somehow exchanged for radical political ideas and hatred which they picked up through so called "popular" culture which was pushed by the nationalistic media in those two republics in the second part of the 1980s. In Croatia that was reborn mythology of land and blood and in Serbia folk nationalism -in both republics mass meetings and rallies fast became places where the spirit of punk as individual rebellion against everything wrong in society was crushed. Football stadiums where next in line to be used in political battle and many punks being fans of that sport where dragged into confrontation with punks from other republics. Only in Slovenia punk movement followed more European and "politically correct" line absorbing punk movement into political struggle for rights of minorities, civil rights, gay and lesbian rights and issue of preservation and protection of nature (so called Green party). In 1992, the supergroup Rimtutituki
featuring members of Partibrejkers
, Električni orgazam
and other notable acts released a pacifist single, but since the authorities didn't allow them to promote it with a gig
they performed on a truck
trailer
driven through the streets of Belgrade, as their stage. A 1993 compilation of anti-war punk songs, Preko zidova nacionalizma i rata (Over the walls of nationalism and war) featured bands from the ex-Yugoslav countries. However, some individuals previously involved in the Yugoslav punk scene even fought in the Yugoslav wars
. One example is Satan Panonski, a charismatic and controversial punk singer and poet from Vinkovci
, Croatia, who had a cult status in the former Yugoslav punk scene. A former convict charged with murder who spent several years in mental institutions, he was an outspoken opponent of any national chauvinism and was openly a homosexual
. However, after the Croatian War of Independence
began, he joined the Croatian forces and was killed under unknown circumstances. Before his death, he was a close friend of Ivan Glišić
, a notable punk writer
from Serbia.
The local scenes in the independent countries that emerged after the breakup of Yugoslavia continued to exist, some of them heavily suffering during the war. The underground music
scene continued even in the shelters during the Sarajevo siege and a compilation album Rock under siege (Radio Zid Sarajevo, Stichting Popmuziek Nederland) including the punk band Protest was released in 1995.
After Slovenia
, Croatia
, Macedonia
and Bosnia and Herzegovina
proclaimed independence, and SFR Yugoslavia was dissolved, a new federal state comprising only Serbia
and Montenegro
named Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was established, however it was not recognized as a legal successor to SFR Yugoslavia.http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/UNMembers%20SRES777.pdf It existed from 1992 until 2003. Notable punk bands in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia included: Atheist rap
, Ritam Nereda
and Zbogom Brus Li
from Novi Sad
; Direktori
and Šaht from Belgrade
and Goblini
from Šabac
. Some of them were formed during the previous Yugoslav federation, and some still exist in the 2000s. Many bands in this period openly opposed the regime of Slobodan Milošević
and criticized chauvinism and militarism
, but there were some who espoused radical Serbian nationalism
.
and Franjo Tuđman, the former Yugoslav nations started to normalise their relations. Thus their music scenes (this time both mainstream and underground
) could freely restore their former cooperation. Anti-Nowhere League
came once again on former Yugoslav soil (in Croatia
) and released their live album Return to Yugoslavia
. In 2003 Igor Mirković from Croatia made the rockumentary
Sretno dijete
(Happy Child) named after a song by Prljavo Kazalište. The movie covers the early Yugoslav Punk and New Wave scene feat. eminent artists from Zagreb
, Ljubljana
and Belgrade
. Inspired by "Sretno dijete", rockumentary "Bilo jednom...
" was made in 2006, featuring punk-rockers from Novi Sad
, who were active during the first half of the 1990s.
Current notable acts in the former Yugoslav countries: Niet, Scuffy Dogs, Aktivna Propaganda, GUB, Pero Lovšin (formerly of Pankrti
), Golliwog, In-Sane, Kreshesh Nepitash, No Limits, all from Slovenia; Hladno pivo
, KUD Idijoti
, Let 3
(feat. the former Termiti member Damir Martinović Mrle), Kawasaki 3P, Fat Prezident, Overflow, FOB, No More Idols, Hren, Lobotomija, Brkovi, Grupa tvog života, FNC Diverzant, Tito's Bojs and Gužva u 16ercu from Croatia; Superhiks
, Two Sides, Noviot Pochetok, and Denny Te Chuva from the Republic of Macedonia
; Red Union, Zbogom Brus Li
, Atheist Rap
, Six Pack
, Vox Populi, Šaht, Prilično Prazni, Potres, Gavrilo Princip, Zvoncekova Bilježnica
, Mitesers, Hitman, Concrete Worms, Ringišpil, The Bayonets,The Bomber from Serbia
, and others.
played a reunion concert in Tivoli Hall in Ljubljana
, Slovenia
on December 1, 2007 as a celebration of their 30th anniversary. They also had a tour across parts of former Yugoslavia
with Ivan Kral
, who previously played with Patti Smith
, Blondie
and Iggy Pop
, as the band's new guitarist.http://www.vojvodina.com/naslovna/arhiva8/071210.htmlhttp://www.popboks.com/vest.php?ID=6125 Meanwhile, in Skopje
, Republic of Macedonia
, the group Badmingtons
reformed and their music was included in the soundtrack
for the feature film Prevrteno (Upside Down) directed by Igor Ivanov Izy. At the Exit festival in Novi Sad on July 13, 2008, Pekinška patka
played a reunion concert, sharing the stage with the Sex Pistols
who played afterwards that evening.
Punk subculture
The punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, and forms of expression, including fashion, visual art, dance, literature, and film, which grew out of punk rock.-History:...
of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
, a state which existed until 1991. The most developed punk scenes across the federation existed in Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Socialist Republic of Slovenia
The Socialist Republic of Slovenia was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1990...
, the Adriatic coast of Socialist Republic of Croatia
Socialist Republic of Croatia
Socialist Republic of Croatia was a sovereign constituent country of the second Yugoslavia. It came to existence during World War II, becoming a socialist state after the war, and was also renamed four times in its existence . It was the second largest republic in Yugoslavia by territory and...
, the Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina
Socialist Autonomous Province of Vojvodina , also known shortly as SAP Vojvodina , was one of the two socialist autonomous provinces of the Socialist Republic of Serbia from 1963 to 1990 and one of the federal units of the Socialist Federal...
, the capital of Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
and other places.
Notable acts include: Pankrti
Pankrti
Pankrti were a punk rock band from Ljubljana, Slovenia, active in the late 1970s and during the 1980s. They were known for provocative and politically engaged songs and billed themselves "The First Punk Band Behind The Iron Curtain"...
, Paraf
Paraf
Paraf is a punk rock and later post-punk band from Rijeka, Croatia, known as one of the pioneers of punk rock in the former Yugoslavia.- Punk rock years :...
, Pekinška patka
Pekinška Patka
Pekinška Patka is an eminent Serbian and former Yugoslav punk rock band from Novi Sad. Their debut album, Plitka poezija, released in 1980, is considered the first punk rock album by a band coming from Serbia...
, KUD Idijoti
KUD Idijoti
KUD Idijoti is a punk-rock band from Pula, Croatia. The band was formed on February 2, 1981 and released their first album in 1986...
, Niet
Niet
Niet is a punk rock and hardcore punk band from Ljubljana, Slovenia. They were one of the most iconic and influential music groups of the Slovenian punk movement and the Punk in Yugoslavia in general...
, Patareni
Patareni
Patareni are a punk rock / noise / grindcore band from Croatia, formed in 1983. Owing to their formation at such an early date, they are considered to be one of the earliest grindcore bands. Their name comes from Pataria, a medieval sect....
and KBO!
KBO!
KBO! is a Serbian punk rock band from Kragujevac. They are one of the first hardcore punk acts on the former Yugoslav punk scene. Since the very beginning, the band accepted the DIY ethic by forming their own record label KBO! Records, through which they have released all their official releases...
.
History
The Non-AlignedNon-Aligned Movement
The Non-Aligned Movement is a group of states considering themselves not aligned formally with or against any major power bloc. As of 2011, the movement had 120 members and 17 observer countries...
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
was never part of the Eastern Bloc
Eastern bloc
The term Eastern Bloc or Communist Bloc refers to the former communist states of Eastern and Central Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact...
, and it was open to western
Western Bloc
The Western Bloc or Capitalist Bloc during the Cold War refers to the powers allied with the United States and NATO against the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact...
influences. The Yugoslav pop and rock scene was socially accepted, well developed and covered in the media. The former Yugoslav punk scene emerged in the late 1970s, influenced by the first wave of punk rock bands from the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, such as Sex Pistols
Sex Pistols
The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975. They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians...
, The Clash
The Clash
The Clash were an English punk rock band that formed in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk. Along with punk, their music incorporated elements of reggae, ska, dub, funk, rap, dance, and rockabilly...
, The Damned, Ramones
Ramones
The Ramones were an American rock band that formed in the New York City neighborhood of Forest Hills, Queens, in 1974. They are often cited as the first punk rock group...
, Generation X
Generation X (band)
Generation X was a British punk rock band, formed on 21 November 1976 by Billy Idol, Tony James and John Towe.-History:...
, The Ruts
The Ruts
The Ruts were a reggae-influenced British punk rock band, notable for the 1979 Top 10 hit "Babylon's Burning", and an earlier single "In a Rut", which was not a hit but was much played and highly regarded by the UK BBC Radio 1 disc jockey, John Peel.-Career:...
, Buzzcocks
Buzzcocks
Buzzcocks are an English punk rock band formed in Bolton in 1976, led by singer–songwriter–guitarist Pete Shelley.They are regarded as an important influence on the Manchester music scene, the independent record label movement, punk rock, power pop, pop punk and indie rock. They achieved commercial...
and The Jam
The Jam
The Jam were an English punk rock/New Wave/mod revival band active during the late 1970s and early 1980s. They were formed in Woking, Surrey. While they shared the "angry young men" outlook and fast tempos of their punk rock contemporaries, The Jam wore smartly tailored suits rather than ripped...
, as well as the proto-punk acts such as The Stooges
The Stooges
The Stooges are an American rock band from Ann Arbor, Michigan first active from 1967 to 1974, and later reformed in 2003...
and the New York Dolls
New York Dolls
The New York Dolls is an American rock band, formed in New York in 1971. The band's protopunk sound prefigured much of what was to come in the punk rock era; their visual style influenced the look of many new wave and 1980s-era glam metal groups, and they began the local New York scene that later...
. The DIY
Do it yourself
Do it yourself is a term used to describe building, modifying, or repairing of something without the aid of experts or professionals...
punkzine scene also started to develop in Yugoslavia.
The Yugoslav punk bands were the first punk bands ever formed in a socialist state
Socialist state
A socialist state generally refers to any state constitutionally dedicated to the construction of a socialist society. It is closely related to the political strategy of "state socialism", a set of ideologies and policies that believe a socialist economy can be established through government...
. Some of the first ones were formed in the then SR Slovenia and SR Croatia: Pankrti
Pankrti
Pankrti were a punk rock band from Ljubljana, Slovenia, active in the late 1970s and during the 1980s. They were known for provocative and politically engaged songs and billed themselves "The First Punk Band Behind The Iron Curtain"...
from Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
, formed in 1977, and Paraf
Paraf
Paraf is a punk rock and later post-punk band from Rijeka, Croatia, known as one of the pioneers of punk rock in the former Yugoslavia.- Punk rock years :...
from Rijeka
Rijeka
Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
, depending on the source, formed in 1976 http://www.rirock.com/izvodjaci/paraf/ or 1977.http://www.geopoetika.com/book.php?id=99. The Slovenian and Croatian scene of the day was featured in the Novi Punk Val
Novi Punk Val
Novi Punk Val is a compilation album of Punk rock and New Wave music from the SFR Yugoslavia. It covers the period from 1978 till 1980. It was released by ZKP RTLJ in 1980...
compilation album, compiled by Igor Vidmar
Igor Vidmar
Igor Vidmar is a prominent Slovenian and former Yugoslav journalist, rock music promoter and manager, music producer and political activist.-Biography:...
, which included Pankrti, Paraf, Buldogi, Termiti
Termiti
Termiti were a novi val band from Rijeka, Croatia, then Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Their music, sung in mother tongue, had the quirk of an organ sounding keyboard and complex and unusual leading melodies, backed to the usual New Wave rock ensemble of images. They are included on the...
, Berlinski Zid, Grupa 92 and Prljavo Kazalište
Prljavo kazalište
Prljavo kazalište is a rock and roll band from Zagreb, Croatia. Since its formation in 1977, the group changed several music styles and line ups but remained one of the top acts of both the Croatian and the former Yugoslav rock scenes.-Beginnings:Prljavo kazalište was formed in 1977 in Dubrava,...
. In SR Slovenia, punk-rock quickly became popular and practically reached to the most remote places. At some point more than 80% of a generation listened to punk rock music, a phenomenon that far outgrew the alternative-goes-mainstream situation in post-grunge
Post-grunge
Post-grunge is a subgenre of alternative rock that emerged in the mid-1990s as a derivative of grunge, using the sounds and aesthetic of grunge, but with a more commercially acceptable tone...
America
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
. This example was however not repeated anywhere else. Slovenia had unique geography - homogenous, compact nation with no big cities, but a network of townships, which helped the spread and made it the center for punk rock in Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
.
The late-1970s and early 1980s bands from Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
, the capital of both SR Serbia and Yugoslavia included: Defektno Efektni
Defektno Efektni
Defektno Efektni were a Serbian New Wave/punk rock band from Belgrade, notable as the participant of the Artistička Radna Akcija project in 1981.- History :...
, Urbana Gerila
Urbana gerila
Urbana Gerila was a former Yugoslav punk rock and New Wave band from Belgrade. The band is notable as the participant of the Artistička radna akcija project in 1981...
and Radnička Kontrola
Radnicka kontrola
Radnička Kontrola was a former Yugoslav punk rock/New Wave band from Belgrade, active in the late 1970s and early 1980s and notable for its appearance on the compilation album Artistička radna akcija.After the band ceased to exist, vocalist Zoran Kostić "Cane" rose to nationwide and popularity as...
(feat. Cane
Cane (musician)
Zoran Kostić widely known by his nickname Cane is Serbian rock and punk-rock musician known primarily as the leader and vocalist for Serbian punk group Partibrejkers.-Early years:...
who later came into prominence as frontman of Partibrejkers
Partibrejkers
Partibrejkers is a prominent Serbian rock band from Belgrade, as well as an acclaimed act of the former Yugoslav rock scene....
and Srđan Todorović, later an eminent movie actor). This generation of bands was included on the Artistička Radna Akcija
Artisticka radna akcija
Artistička radna akcija is a new wave and punk rock compilation album released in late 1981 by Jugoton in SFR Yugoslavia...
compilation. Električni Orgazam
Električni Orgazam
Električni Orgazam is a Serbian rock band from Belgrade. Originally starting as a combination of New Wave, punk rock and post-punk, the band later slowly changed their style, becoming a mainstream rock act.- New Wave years :...
was also a punk band during its early period, although it changed to a more mainstream
Mainstream
Mainstream is, generally, the common current thought of the majority. However, the mainstream is far from cohesive; rather the concept is often considered a cultural construct....
act later. Prominent Serbian punkabilly artist was Tonny Montano from Belgrade, formerly a singer of Radost Evrope. From Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
, SAP Vojvodina, used to be the group Pekinška patka
Pekinška Patka
Pekinška Patka is an eminent Serbian and former Yugoslav punk rock band from Novi Sad. Their debut album, Plitka poezija, released in 1980, is considered the first punk rock album by a band coming from Serbia...
, which was led by the charismatic Professor Čonta. In Serbia Proper, in Šabac
Šabac
Šabac is a city and municipality in western Serbia, along the Sava river, in the historic region of Mačva. It is the administrative center of the Mačva District. The city has a population of 52,822 , while population of the municipality is 115,347...
, emerged the notable Yugoslav punk writer
Punk literature
Punk literature is a form of literature that emerged from the punk subculture. The attitude and ideology of punk rock gave rise to distinctive characteristics in the writing it manifested...
Ivan Glišić
Ivan Glišic
Ivan Glišić , born in 1942 in Pirot, Serbia, is an intellectual, writer, artist, journalist and song-writer who achieved prominence both in Serbia and across the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
.
The first punk band in Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
, Socialist Republic of Macedonia
Socialist Republic of Macedonia
The Socialist Republic of Macedonia was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
is considered to be Fol Jazik
Fol Jazik
The Fol Jazik is considered to be the first Macedonian punk rock band founded in Skopje by Vlado Hristov - KRLE in 1978. The band members were: Vlado Hristov - KRLE , Saso Nikolovski - GZLA , Petar Georgievski - PERO KAMIKAZA , Bratislav Grkovic - BATA PANKER...
, formed in 1978. Other notable acts from Skopje included Badmingtons
Badmingtons
Badmingtons is a prominent Macedonian punk rock band in Macedonia.-Biography:The group was formed in the 1980s in Skopje, then SR Macedonia with the unconventional line-up: Vladimir Petrovski- Karter , Dean Škartov - Deko and Boris Georgiev- But .Previously, Karter played in one...
and Saraceni, both led by Vladimir Petrovski Karter. The bass player of Saraceni, Goran Trajkoski
Goran Trajkoski
Goran Trajkoski is an eminent Macedonian musician. He rose to international prominence as a frontman of the group Anastasija which was featured on the soundtrack album for the Academy Award nominated movie Before the Rain directed by Milčo Mančevski. He started his musical career as a member of...
, previously played in the punk band Afektiven naboj
Afektiven Naboj
Afektiven Naboj was one of the two punk rock bands formed in 1979 by guitar player Klime Kovaceski and Goran Trajkoski, now an eminent musician from Republic of Macedonia, who rose to international prominence as a frontman of the group Anastasia featured on the soundtrack album for the Academy...
from Struga
Struga
Struga is a town and popular tourist destination situated in the south-western region of the Republic of Macedonia, lying on the shore of Lake Ohrid. The town of Struga is the seat of Struga Municipality.-Etymology:...
. Later he was the frontman of Padot na Vizantija
Padot na Vizantija
Padot na Vizantija was an influential 1980s post-punk, darkwave and gothic rock band with occasional Byzantine music elements and Orthodox Christian beliefs from Skopje, SR Macedonia, then a constituent republic of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
and rose to international prominence as the frontman of Anastasia
Anastasia (band)
Anastasia is a Macedonian music group.Formed in 1990, their members are:*Goran Trajkoski *Zlatko Origjanski Anastasia is a Macedonian music group.Formed in 1990, their members are:*Goran Trajkoski (ex Saraceni, Padot na Vizantija, Mizar, Aporea)*Zlatko Origjanski Anastasia is a Macedonian music...
and Mizar
Mizar (band)
Mizar is a Macedonian rock band from Skopje. They achieved a status of a cult band, especially in Macedonia and across the former Yugoslavia....
. In Sarajevo
Sarajevo
Sarajevo |Bosnia]], surrounded by the Dinaric Alps and situated along the Miljacka River in the heart of Southeastern Europe and the Balkans....
, Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Socialist Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina , known until 1963 under the name of People's Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
, the following artists emerged: Ozbiljno pitanje (which later evolved into Crvena Jabuka
Crvena jabuka
Crvena jabuka is a Sarajevo-based pop band that originated in 1985, and since then has remained very popular. They were also a part of the so called New Primitives movement that occurred in the 1980s in the Former Yugoslavia territory....
), Ševa (which later evolved into Bombaj Štampa
Bombaj Štampa
"Bombaj štampa" is the pop-rock group from Sarajevo dating from 1982, which, together with "Zabranjeno Pušenje" and Elvis J. Kurtović, participated in creating a new movement known as New Primitivisam in Ex-Yugoslavia. The group was founded by Nedim Babović, guitarist and Branko Đurić, actor and...
led by Branko Đurić), and the cult band Zabranjeno Pušenje
Zabranjeno pušenje
Zabranjeno Pušenje is a Yugoslavian garage rock band from Sarajevo, closely associated with the New primitivism cultural movement and the radio and television satire show Top Lista Nadrealista...
. These Sarajevian bands later formed the punk-inspired New Primitives
New Primitives
New Primitivism was an urban subcultural movement that originated in Sarajevo during early-to-mid 1980s. The movement was identified with Zabranjeno pušenje and Elvis J. Kurtović & His Meteors bands, whose members were the driving forces behind it. Its creators and most notable personalities...
movement.
In the late 1970s, some punk bands were affiliated with the Yugoslav New Wave
Yugoslav New Wave
New Wave in Yugoslavia was the New Wave music scene of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
scene, and were labeled as both punk rock and new wave. During a certain period, the term New Wave music
New Wave music
New Wave is a subgenre of :rock music that emerged in the mid to late 1970s alongside punk rock. The term at first generally was synonymous with punk rock before being considered a genre in its own right that incorporated aspects of electronic and experimental music, mod subculture, disco and 1960s...
was interchangeable with punk. The most important records of the Yugoslav New Wave era are Paket Aranžman
Paket aranžman
Paket aranžman is a New Wave music compilation album released in 1980 by Jugoton and its one of the most important and influential records ever made in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It features the eminent Belgrade artists: Šarlo Akrobata, Električni Orgazam and Idoli...
and Dolgcajt-Boredom by Pankrti.
The end of the 1970s and the beginning of the 1980s saw the emergence of various subgenres of punk rock, such as streetpunk and Oi!
Oi!
Oi! is a working class subgenre of punk rock that originated in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s. The music and its associated subculture had the goal of bringing together punks, skinheads and other working-class youths ....
later followed by: hardcore punk
Hardcore punk
Hardcore punk is an underground music genre that originated in the late 1970s, following the mainstream success of punk rock. Hardcore is generally faster, thicker, and heavier than earlier punk rock. The origin of the term "hardcore punk" is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D.O.A...
, crust punk
Crust punk
Crust punk is a form of music influenced by anarcho-punk, hardcore punk and extreme metal. The style, which evolved in the mid-1980s in England, often has songs with dark and pessimistic lyrics that linger on political and social ills...
all the way to crossover thrash
Crossover thrash
__FORCETOC__Crossover thrash, often abbreviated to crossover, is a form of thrash metal that contains more hardcore punk elements than standard thrash. The genre lies on a continuum between heavy metal and punk rock...
and grindcore
Grindcore
Grindcore is an extreme genre of music that started in the early- to mid-1980s. It draws inspiration from some of the most abrasive music genres – including death metal, industrial music, noise and the more extreme varieties of hardcore punk....
. Notable acts during the 1980s included, the hardcore punk bands such as Niet
Niet
Niet is a punk rock and hardcore punk band from Ljubljana, Slovenia. They were one of the most iconic and influential music groups of the Slovenian punk movement and the Punk in Yugoslavia in general...
, Odpadki Civilizacije, Tožibabe, Epidemija and U.B.R. from Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
, S.O.R. from Idrija
Idrija
Idrija is a small town and municipality in the Goriška region of Slovenia. It is known for its mercury mine and lace....
and Ujetniki svobode from Laško
Laško
Laško is a spa town and municipality in eastern Slovenia. Traditionally the area was part of the Lower Styria region. The municipality is now included in the Savinja statistical region. The town is located at the foothills of the Hum hill on the Savinja River. It is first mentioned in written...
, Slovenia; Patareni from Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
, KUD Idijoti
KUD Idijoti
KUD Idijoti is a punk-rock band from Pula, Croatia. The band was formed on February 2, 1981 and released their first album in 1986...
from Pula
Pula
Pula is the largest city in Istria County, Croatia, situated at the southern tip of the Istria peninsula, with a population of 62,080 .Like the rest of the region, it is known for its mild climate, smooth sea, and unspoiled nature. The city has a long tradition of winemaking, fishing,...
and Apatridi from Slavonska Požega, Croatia; The Dissidents from Prijedor
Prijedor
Prijedor is a city and municipality in the north-western part of Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is situated in the Bosanska Krajina region....
and Ženevski Dekret from Mostar
Mostar
Mostar is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the largest and one of the most important cities in the Herzegovina region and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva river and is the fifth-largest city in the country...
, Bosnia and Herzegovina; KBO!
KBO!
KBO! is a Serbian punk rock band from Kragujevac. They are one of the first hardcore punk acts on the former Yugoslav punk scene. Since the very beginning, the band accepted the DIY ethic by forming their own record label KBO! Records, through which they have released all their official releases...
and Trula koalicija from Kragujevac
Kragujevac
Kragujevac is the fourth largest city in Serbia, the main city of the Šumadija region and the administrative centre of Šumadija District. It is situated on the banks of the Lepenica River...
, Serbia Proper; Nade iz Inkubatora, Giuseppe Carabino, Marselyeza and Process from Subotica
Subotica
Subotica is a city and municipality in northern Serbia, in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina...
, Incest from Novi Bečej
Novi Becej
Novi Bečej , is a town and municipality in Central Banat District of Vojvodina, Serbia. The town has a population of 14,406, while Novi Bečej municipality has 26,881 inhabitants.-Name:Its name means "new Bečej"...
and Napred U Prošlost from Banatsko Novo Selo
Banatsko Novo Selo
Banatsko Novo Selo is a village in northern Serbia, situated in the municipality of Pančevo, South Banat District, Vojvodina province. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 7,416 people who are permanent residents....
, Vojvodina; and the Oi!/streetpunk bands Dva minuta mržnje, Vrisak generacije and Ritam Nereda (all three from Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
, Vojvodina). A notable mainstream pop punk
Pop punk
Pop punk is a fusion music genre that combines elements of punk rock with pop music, to varying degrees. Allmusic describes the genre as a strand of alternative rock, which typically merges pop melodies with speedy punk tempos, chord changes and loud guitars...
band was Psihomodo Pop
Psihomodo Pop
Psihomodo Pop is a Croatian pop punk group. The band was formed in 1983 in Zagreb and has since achieved a somewhat cult following across the area of former Yugoslavia....
from Croatia (heavily influenced by the Ramones).
Many eminent foreign punk bands played concerts in the former Yugoslavia in the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s, including: The Ruts
The Ruts
The Ruts were a reggae-influenced British punk rock band, notable for the 1979 Top 10 hit "Babylon's Burning", and an earlier single "In a Rut", which was not a hit but was much played and highly regarded by the UK BBC Radio 1 disc jockey, John Peel.-Career:...
, Siouxsie and the Banshees, UK Subs
UK Subs
The U.K. Subs are an English punk rock band, among the earliest in the first wave of British punk. Formed in 1976, the mainstay of the band has been vocalist Charlie Harper, originally a singer in Britain's R&B scene. They were also one of the first street punk bands.-Career:The U.K...
, Angelic Upstarts
Angelic Upstarts
Angelic Upstarts are an English punk rock/Oi! band formed in South Shields in 1977. The band espoused an anti-fascist and socialist working class philosophy, and have been associated with the skinhead subculture...
, The Exploited
The Exploited
The Exploited are a Scottish punk band from the second wave of UK punk, formed in 1979. Originally a street punk band, they transformed into a faster hardcore punk band with a heavy political influence. From about 1987 on they changed into a crossover thrash band...
, Charged GBH
Charged GBH
Charged GBH are an English Street punk band, formed in 1978 by vocalist Colin Abrahall, guitarist Colin "Jock" Blyth, bassist Sean McCarthy and Drummer Andy " Wilf" Williams. GBH were early pioneers of English street punk, often nicknamed "UK82", along with Discharge, Broken Bones, The Exploited...
, The Anti-Nowhere League
The Anti-Nowhere League
Anti-Nowhere League is an English punk band, formed in 1980 by lead singer Animal , guitarist Magoo , Tony "Bones" Shaw on drums and Chris "Baggy" Elvy on bass.-Early days:...
, Discharge
Discharge (band)
Discharge is a British hardcore punk band formed in 1977 by Terry "Tezz" Roberts and Roy "Rainy" Wainwright. They are often considered among one of the very first bands to play hardcore punk, and to mix punk with metal...
, Youth Brigade
Youth Brigade
Youth Brigade can refer to two different punk music groups:*Youth Brigade , from Los Angeles, California*Youth Brigade , from Washington, DCYouth Brigade can refer to members of the*National Youth Service ....
and Amebix
Amebix
Amebix are an English crust punk/heavy metal band. Formed as "The Band with No Name," Amebix's original run was from 1978 to 1987, during which time they released three EPs and two full-length LPs...
. In 1983 The Anti-Nowhere League released their album Live in Yugoslavia
Live in Yugoslavia
Live in Yugoslavia is a live album from the punk band the Anti-Nowhere League. It was recorded in Moša Pijade Hall in Zagreb, Yugoslavia on April 24, 1983 and released and pressed later in the same year in England on I.D Records...
, while Angelic Upstarts released a live album with the same title in 1985.
Ideology
Regarding the punk ideologyPunk ideology
Punk ideologies are a group of varied social and political beliefs associated with the punk subculture. In its original incarnation, the punk subculture was primarily concerned with concepts such as rebellion, anti-authoritarianism, individualism, free thought and discontent...
, as the other punk rock artists around the world, the Yugoslav ones also included social commentary
Social commentary
Social commentary is the act of rebelling against an individual, or a group of people by rhetorical means, or commentary on social issues or society...
in their songs. Anarcho-punk
Anarcho-punk
Anarcho-punk is punk rock that promotes anarchism. The term anarcho-punk is sometimes applied exclusively to bands that were part of the original anarcho-punk movement in the United Kingdom in the late 1970s and early 1980s...
and Straight Edge
Straight edge
Straight edge is a subculture of hardcore punk whose adherents refrain from using alcohol, tobacco, and other recreational drugs. It was a direct reaction to the sexual revolution, hedonism, and excess associated with punk rock. For some, this extends to not engaging in promiscuous sex, following a...
scenes also existed, while some bands were just nihilistic
Nihilism
Nihilism is the philosophical doctrine suggesting the negation of one or more putatively meaningful aspects of life. Most commonly, nihilism is presented in the form of existential nihilism which argues that life is without objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value...
. The Yugoslav punk rock and hardcore punk lyrics often featured social and political criticism, anti-war
Anti-war
An anti-war movement is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts. Many...
, anti-chauvinist, anti-authoritarian and anarchist messages, which can be also seen by the bands' names, such as: Vrisak Hirošime (Cry of Hiroshima
Hiroshima
is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It became best known as the first city in history to be destroyed by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 A.M...
), Apatridi (Stateless persons), The Dissidents (Dissidents), Patareni (Patarenes), Marselyeza (La Marseillaise
La Marseillaise
"La Marseillaise" is the national anthem of France. The song, originally titled "Chant de guerre pour l'Armée du Rhin" was written and composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle in 1792. The French National Convention adopted it as the Republic's anthem in 1795...
), Stres Državnega Aparata (Stress Of The State Apparatus), Sistem Organizirane Represije (System Of Organized Repression) etc. There were also some apolitical
Apolitical
The state or quality of being apolitical can be the apathy and/or the antipathy towards all political affiliations. Being apolitical can also refer to situations in which people take an unbiased position in regard to political matters.-References:...
bands whose songs dealt with personal subjects, humour
Humour
Humour or humor is the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement...
, sex
Sex
In biology, sex is a process of combining and mixing genetic traits, often resulting in the specialization of organisms into a male or female variety . Sexual reproduction involves combining specialized cells to form offspring that inherit traits from both parents...
or just innocent youth rebellion.
Nazi punk affair
A great scandal emerged all over SFR Yugoslavia, when the authorities arrested a Nazi punkNazi punk
A Nazi punk is a neo-Nazi who is part of the punk subculture. The term also describes the related type of music. Nazi punk music sounds similar to most forms of punk rock, but it differs by having lyrics that express hatred of Jews, homosexuals, communists, anarchists, anti-racists and people who...
and Nazi skinhead-oriented group called The Fourth Reich
Fourth Reich
The Fourth Reich is a term used to describe a theoretical future successor of the Third Reich.-Neo-Nazism:In terms of neo-Nazism, the Fourth Reich is envisioned as featuring Aryan supremacy, anti-Semitism, Lebensraum, aggressive militarism and totalitarianism...
in Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
Socialist Republic of Slovenia
The Socialist Republic of Slovenia was a socialist state that was a constituent country of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1943 until 1990...
in 1981. Though largely obscure, the band was put on trial and its members got imprisoned before having a chance to release any recordings or play live, hence leaving no legacy. They were also once turned down by the notable promoter
Promoter (entertainment)
An entertainment promoter i.e. music, wrestling, boxing etc is a person or company in the business of marketing and promoting live events such as concerts/gigs, boxing matches, sports entertainment , festivals, raves, and nightclubs.- Business model :Promoters are typically hired as independent...
and Pankrti
Pankrti
Pankrti were a punk rock band from Ljubljana, Slovenia, active in the late 1970s and during the 1980s. They were known for provocative and politically engaged songs and billed themselves "The First Punk Band Behind The Iron Curtain"...
's manager Igor Vidmar
Igor Vidmar
Igor Vidmar is a prominent Slovenian and former Yugoslav journalist, rock music promoter and manager, music producer and political activist.-Biography:...
, who refused to sign them as he disapproved of their racist lyrics.
Although the existence of the punk subculture
Punk subculture
The punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, and forms of expression, including fashion, visual art, dance, literature, and film, which grew out of punk rock.-History:...
was generally tolerated in Yugoslavia, with occasional mild cases of censorship
Censorship
thumb|[[Book burning]] following the [[1973 Chilean coup d'état|1973 coup]] that installed the [[Military government of Chile |Pinochet regime]] in Chile...
, the one-party system
Single-party state
A single-party state, one-party system or single-party system is a type of party system government in which a single political party forms the government and no other parties are permitted to run candidates for election...
still viewed it with certain degree of suspicion because of its in-your-face attitude, clothing, music and way of life which differed from the established image of model citizens. Thus, the authorities used this incident as an opportunity to label the punk movement as subversive and as a pretext to impose indiscriminate oppression on all punk
Punk subculture
The punk subculture includes a diverse array of ideologies, and forms of expression, including fashion, visual art, dance, literature, and film, which grew out of punk rock.-History:...
s and skinhead
Skinhead
A skinhead is a member of a subculture that originated among working class youths in the United Kingdom in the 1960s, and then spread to other parts of the world. Named for their close-cropped or shaven heads, the first skinheads were greatly influenced by West Indian rude boys and British mods,...
s who began to be perceived as potential enemies of the state, although the overwhelming majority of them was actually anti-fascist, for example, both Pankrti and KUD Idijoti
KUD Idijoti
KUD Idijoti is a punk-rock band from Pula, Croatia. The band was formed on February 2, 1981 and released their first album in 1986...
have their respective cover version
Cover version
In popular music, a cover version or cover song, or simply cover, is a new performance or recording of a contemporary or previously recorded, commercially released song or popular song...
s of the Italian antifascist and communist song Bandiera Rossa
Bandiera Rossa
"Bandiera Rossa" , often also called Avanti Popolo for its first lines, is one of the most famous songs of the Italian labour movement. It glorifies the red flag, symbol of the socialist and later communist movement...
.
This led to moral panic
Moral panic
A moral panic is the intensity of feeling expressed in a population about an issue that appears to threaten the social order. According to Stanley Cohen, author of Folk Devils and Moral Panics and credited creator of the term, a moral panic occurs when "[a] condition, episode, person or group of...
. The authorities' reaction to punks, labeling them as "fascists", reached its crescendo during the prosecution of the aforementioned Igor Vidmar, who was bizarrely arrested for wearing the Dead Kennedys
Dead Kennedys
Dead Kennedys are an American punk rock band formed in San Francisco, California in 1978. The band became part of the American hardcore punk movement of the early 1980s. They gained a large underground fanbase in the international punk music scene....
' Nazi Punks Fuck Off!
Nazi Punks Fuck Off!
"Nazi Punks Fuck Off" was the fifth single by the Dead Kennedys. The record was released in 1981 on Alternative Tentacles with "Moral Majority" as the b-side. Both are taken from the In God We Trust, Inc. EP, although the version of the title track on the EP is a different recording from the...
badge with a swastika
Swastika
The swastika is an equilateral cross with its arms bent at right angles, in either right-facing form in counter clock motion or its mirrored left-facing form in clock motion. Earliest archaeological evidence of swastika-shaped ornaments dates back to the Indus Valley Civilization of Ancient...
crossed out.http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/62/066.html That anti-fascist badge was wrongly interpreted as a Nazi provocation and Vidmar was detained.
Despite the affair, which faded after a certain period anyway, the Yugoslav punk scene continued to exist successfully (although with less mainstream media coverage). While the first generation of groups such as Pankrti, Paraf
Paraf
Paraf is a punk rock and later post-punk band from Rijeka, Croatia, known as one of the pioneers of punk rock in the former Yugoslavia.- Punk rock years :...
, Prljavo kazalište
Prljavo kazalište
Prljavo kazalište is a rock and roll band from Zagreb, Croatia. Since its formation in 1977, the group changed several music styles and line ups but remained one of the top acts of both the Croatian and the former Yugoslav rock scenes.-Beginnings:Prljavo kazalište was formed in 1977 in Dubrava,...
and Pekinška patka
Pekinška Patka
Pekinška Patka is an eminent Serbian and former Yugoslav punk rock band from Novi Sad. Their debut album, Plitka poezija, released in 1980, is considered the first punk rock album by a band coming from Serbia...
were quite well exposed in the media, having appearances and music videos on the public TV stations and record contracts for major labels such as Jugoton
Jugoton
Jugoton was the largest record label and chain record store in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia based in Zagreb, Socialist Republic of Croatia. After the breakup of Yugoslavia the company continued to work in independent Republic of Croatia under the name Croatia...
, Suzy Records and ZKP RTL, the artists that came after the affair emerged, faced various problems and some succeeded to gain prominence only in the underground music
Underground music
Underground music comprises a range of different musical genres that operate outside of mainstream culture. Such music can typically share common values, such as the valuing of sincerity and intimacy; an emphasis on freedom of creative expression; an appreciation of artistic creativity...
circles. Apart from the affair, another reason for this is that some mainstream media began to consider punk as fad, as the initial punk euphoria of The Sex Pistols and The Clash
The Clash
The Clash were an English punk rock band that formed in 1976 as part of the original wave of British punk. Along with punk, their music incorporated elements of reggae, ska, dub, funk, rap, dance, and rockabilly...
was already gone, so they turned their interest to other styles such as: new wave
New Wave music
New Wave is a subgenre of :rock music that emerged in the mid to late 1970s alongside punk rock. The term at first generally was synonymous with punk rock before being considered a genre in its own right that incorporated aspects of electronic and experimental music, mod subculture, disco and 1960s...
, post-punk
Post-punk
Post-punk is a rock music movement with its roots in the late 1970s, following on the heels of the initial punk rock explosion of the mid-1970s. The genre retains its roots in the punk movement but is more introverted, complex and experimental...
, new romantic
New Romantic
New Romanticism , was a pop culture movement in the United Kingdom that began around 1979 and peaked around 1981. Developing in London nightclubs such as Billy's and The Blitz and spreading to other major cities in the UK, it was based around flamboyant, eccentric fashion and new wave music...
, synthpop
Synthpop
Synthpop is a genre of popular music that first became prominent in the 1980s, in which the synthesizer is the dominant musical instrument. It was prefigured in the 1960s and early 1970s by the use of synthesizers in progressive rock, electronic art rock, disco and particularly the "Kraut rock" of...
, darkwave
Darkwave
Dark Wave or darkwave is a music genre that began in the late 1970s, coinciding with the popularity of New Wave and post-punk. Building on those basic principles, dark wave added dark, introspective lyrics and an undertone of sorrow for some bands...
and gothic rock
Gothic rock
Gothic rock is a musical subgenre of post-punk and alternative rock that formed during the late 1970s. Gothic rock bands grew from the strong ties they had to the English punk rock and emerging post-punk scenes...
, leaving much of the new generation of streetpunk and hardcore punk
Hardcore punk
Hardcore punk is an underground music genre that originated in the late 1970s, following the mainstream success of punk rock. Hardcore is generally faster, thicker, and heavier than earlier punk rock. The origin of the term "hardcore punk" is uncertain. The Vancouver-based band D.O.A...
acts underestimated or unnoticed.
The late 1980s and early 1990s saw transition from to parliamentary democracy which brought further liberalisation in the country, but also rise of extreme nationalism
Nationalism
Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what...
, previously kept under control by the communist regime. These processes led to the disintegration of SFR Yugoslavia
Dissolution of Yugoslavia
The Breakup of Yugoslavia refers to a series of conflicts and political upheavals resulting in the dissolution of Yugoslavia . The SFR Yugoslavia was a country that occupied a strip of land stretching from Central Europe to the Balkans – a region with a history of ethnic conflict...
.
In an interview published in the post-communist and post-Yugoslav period, despite the troubles he once had with the previous system, Vidmar was quoted saying: "It is an irony that it is harder to work now in this liberal democracy
Liberal democracy
Liberal democracy, also known as constitutional democracy, is a common form of representative democracy. According to the principles of liberal democracy, elections should be free and fair, and the political process should be competitive...
, than in the last 10 years of SFRY's communism".http://arhiva.glas-javnosti.rs/arhiva/2001/06/24/srpski/K01062310.shtml
Yugoslav Wars
The punk scene of the Socialist Federal Republic of YugoslaviaSocialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
ceased to exist with the country's violent breakup in the early 1990s. Many of its former adherents participated in anti-war
Anti-war
An anti-war movement is a social movement, usually in opposition to a particular nation's decision to start or carry on an armed conflict, unconditional of a maybe-existing just cause. The term can also refer to pacifism, which is the opposition to all use of military force during conflicts. Many...
and anti-nationalist
Nationalism
Nationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what...
activities and were often attacked by the nationalist in their countries, unfortunately most of their fan base from early '80s-namely punks from Serbia and Croatia joined respective nationalist and pro fascist movements in their republics and readily joined paramilitary units and took part in civil war in Yugoslavia -their political indolence was somehow exchanged for radical political ideas and hatred which they picked up through so called "popular" culture which was pushed by the nationalistic media in those two republics in the second part of the 1980s. In Croatia that was reborn mythology of land and blood and in Serbia folk nationalism -in both republics mass meetings and rallies fast became places where the spirit of punk as individual rebellion against everything wrong in society was crushed. Football stadiums where next in line to be used in political battle and many punks being fans of that sport where dragged into confrontation with punks from other republics. Only in Slovenia punk movement followed more European and "politically correct" line absorbing punk movement into political struggle for rights of minorities, civil rights, gay and lesbian rights and issue of preservation and protection of nature (so called Green party). In 1992, the supergroup Rimtutituki
Rimtutituki
Rimtutituki was a Serbian rock supergroup featuring Ekatarina Velika, Električni Orgazam and Partibrejkers members. The band was formed as an anti-war project during the Yugoslav Wars...
featuring members of Partibrejkers
Partibrejkers
Partibrejkers is a prominent Serbian rock band from Belgrade, as well as an acclaimed act of the former Yugoslav rock scene....
, Električni orgazam
Električni Orgazam
Električni Orgazam is a Serbian rock band from Belgrade. Originally starting as a combination of New Wave, punk rock and post-punk, the band later slowly changed their style, becoming a mainstream rock act.- New Wave years :...
and other notable acts released a pacifist single, but since the authorities didn't allow them to promote it with a gig
Gig (musical performance)
Gig is slang for a musical engagement in which musicians are hired. Originally coined in the 1920s by jazz musicians, the term, short for the word "engagement", now refers to any aspect of performing such as assisting with performance and attending musical performance...
they performed on a truck
Truck
A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile...
trailer
Trailer (vehicle)
A trailer is generally an unpowered vehicle pulled by a powered vehicle. Commonly, the term trailer refers to such vehicles used for transport of goods and materials....
driven through the streets of Belgrade, as their stage. A 1993 compilation of anti-war punk songs, Preko zidova nacionalizma i rata (Over the walls of nationalism and war) featured bands from the ex-Yugoslav countries. However, some individuals previously involved in the Yugoslav punk scene even fought in the Yugoslav wars
Yugoslav wars
The Yugoslav Wars were a series of wars, fought throughout the former Yugoslavia between 1991 and 1995. The wars were complex: characterized by bitter ethnic conflicts among the peoples of the former Yugoslavia, mostly between Serbs on the one side and Croats and Bosniaks on the other; but also...
. One example is Satan Panonski, a charismatic and controversial punk singer and poet from Vinkovci
Vinkovci
Vinkovci is a city in Croatia, in the Vukovar-Syrmia County. In the 2011 census, the total population of the city was 35,375, making it the largest town of the county...
, Croatia, who had a cult status in the former Yugoslav punk scene. A former convict charged with murder who spent several years in mental institutions, he was an outspoken opponent of any national chauvinism and was openly a homosexual
Homosexuality
Homosexuality is romantic or sexual attraction or behavior between members of the same sex or gender. As a sexual orientation, homosexuality refers to "an enduring pattern of or disposition to experience sexual, affectional, or romantic attractions" primarily or exclusively to people of the same...
. However, after the Croatian War of Independence
Croatian War of Independence
The Croatian War of Independence was fought from 1991 to 1995 between forces loyal to the government of Croatia—which had declared independence from the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia —and the Serb-controlled Yugoslav People's Army and local Serb forces, with the JNA ending its combat...
began, he joined the Croatian forces and was killed under unknown circumstances. Before his death, he was a close friend of Ivan Glišić
Ivan Glišic
Ivan Glišić , born in 1942 in Pirot, Serbia, is an intellectual, writer, artist, journalist and song-writer who achieved prominence both in Serbia and across the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
, a notable punk writer
Punk literature
Punk literature is a form of literature that emerged from the punk subculture. The attitude and ideology of punk rock gave rise to distinctive characteristics in the writing it manifested...
from Serbia.
The local scenes in the independent countries that emerged after the breakup of Yugoslavia continued to exist, some of them heavily suffering during the war. The underground music
Underground music
Underground music comprises a range of different musical genres that operate outside of mainstream culture. Such music can typically share common values, such as the valuing of sincerity and intimacy; an emphasis on freedom of creative expression; an appreciation of artistic creativity...
scene continued even in the shelters during the Sarajevo siege and a compilation album Rock under siege (Radio Zid Sarajevo, Stichting Popmuziek Nederland) including the punk band Protest was released in 1995.
After Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
, Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
proclaimed independence, and SFR Yugoslavia was dissolved, a new federal state comprising only Serbia
Republic of Serbia (federal)
The Republic of Serbia was a federal unit of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1990 to 1992, the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 2003 and the state union of Serbia and Montenegro between 2003 and 2006...
and Montenegro
Republic of Montenegro (federal)
The Republic of Montenegro was a federal unit of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia between 1992 and 2006...
named Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was established, however it was not recognized as a legal successor to SFR Yugoslavia.http://www.securitycouncilreport.org/atf/cf/%7B65BFCF9B-6D27-4E9C-8CD3-CF6E4FF96FF9%7D/UNMembers%20SRES777.pdf It existed from 1992 until 2003. Notable punk bands in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia included: Atheist rap
Atheist Rap
Atheist Rap is a Serbian punk rock band from Novi Sad.- 1980s :The idea of forming Atheist Rap came to vocalists Aleksandar Popov, also known as "Dr. Pop", and Vladimir Kozbašić, also known as "Pećinko" at the Rambo Amadeus concert, which took place on November 29, 1988 at the local club Mašinac,...
, Ritam Nereda
Ritam Nereda
Ritam Nereda is a Serbian and former Yugoslav oi!/punk rock band from Novi Sad.- 1980s :...
and Zbogom Brus Li
Zbogom Brus Li
Zbogom Brus Li is a Serbian punk rock band from Novi Sad. Influenced by Misfits, Ramones, Toy Dolls, Cock Sparrer, Dickies, T.Rex, Hard-Ons and other acts, the band combines punk rock and folk music of Vojvodina into a style the band describes as "tamburaški punk" .-1992 – 2000:The band was...
from Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
; Direktori
Direktori
Direktori is a Serbian oi! punk/ska group from Belgrade.-1989 – 1999:During the spring of 1989, vocalist Nebojša Drakula, with the former Varšavski Geto member Miroslav Pilipović "Trta" on guitar, former Pogrebni Zavod member Srđan Marić on bass guitar and former Hogari member Dragan "Rale"...
and Šaht from Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
and Goblini
Goblini
Goblini are a Serbian punk rock band from Šabac.- Formation, rise to prominence :...
from Šabac
Šabac
Šabac is a city and municipality in western Serbia, along the Sava river, in the historic region of Mačva. It is the administrative center of the Mačva District. The city has a population of 52,822 , while population of the municipality is 115,347...
. Some of them were formed during the previous Yugoslav federation, and some still exist in the 2000s. Many bands in this period openly opposed the regime of Slobodan Milošević
Slobodan Milošević
Slobodan Milošević was President of Serbia and Yugoslavia. He served as the President of Socialist Republic of Serbia and Republic of Serbia from 1989 until 1997 in three terms and as President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000...
and criticized chauvinism and militarism
Militarism
Militarism is defined as: the belief or desire of a government or people that a country should maintain a strong military capability and be prepared to use it aggressively to defend or promote national interests....
, but there were some who espoused radical Serbian nationalism
Serbian nationalism
Serbian nationalism refers to the ethnic nationalism of Serbs. Originally arising in the context of the general rise of nationalism in the Balkans under Ottoman rule, under the influence of Serbian linguist Vuk Stefanović Karadžić and Ilija Garašanin....
.
Current (2000s)
After the end of the conflicts and especially later, after the departure of the nationalist leaders such as Slobodan MiloševićSlobodan Milošević
Slobodan Milošević was President of Serbia and Yugoslavia. He served as the President of Socialist Republic of Serbia and Republic of Serbia from 1989 until 1997 in three terms and as President of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia from 1997 to 2000...
and Franjo Tuđman, the former Yugoslav nations started to normalise their relations. Thus their music scenes (this time both mainstream and underground
Underground music
Underground music comprises a range of different musical genres that operate outside of mainstream culture. Such music can typically share common values, such as the valuing of sincerity and intimacy; an emphasis on freedom of creative expression; an appreciation of artistic creativity...
) could freely restore their former cooperation. Anti-Nowhere League
Anti-Nowhere League
Anti-Nowhere League is an English punk band, formed in 1980 by lead singer Animal , guitarist Magoo , Tony "Bones" Shaw on drums and Chris "Baggy" Elvy on bass.-Early days:...
came once again on former Yugoslav soil (in Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
) and released their live album Return to Yugoslavia
Return to Yugoslavia
Return to Yugoslavia is a 1998 live album by English punk rock band Anti-Nowhere League.-Track listing:#"For You"#"Snowman"#"Scum"#"Reck-A-Nowhere"#"Get Ready"#"I Hate People"#"The Great Unwash"#"Woman"#"Fucked Up and Wasted"...
. In 2003 Igor Mirković from Croatia made the rockumentary
Rockumentary
The term rockumentary is a neologism denoting a documentary about rock music or its musicians. The term was used by Bill Drake in the 1969 History of Rock & Roll radio broadcast, and by Rob Reiner in the 1984 mockumentary film This Is Spinal Tap....
Sretno dijete
Sretno dijete
Sretno dijete is a documentary film directed by Igor Mirković, and produced by Rajko Grlić, an Ohio University professor of film, in 2003...
(Happy Child) named after a song by Prljavo Kazalište. The movie covers the early Yugoslav Punk and New Wave scene feat. eminent artists from Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
, Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
and Belgrade
Belgrade
Belgrade is the capital and largest city of Serbia. It is located at the confluence of the Sava and Danube rivers, where the Pannonian Plain meets the Balkans. According to official results of Census 2011, the city has a population of 1,639,121. It is one of the 15 largest cities in Europe...
. Inspired by "Sretno dijete", rockumentary "Bilo jednom...
Bilo jednom...
Bilo jednom... is a 2006 rockumentary by Serbian filmmakerJovan Đerić. The film's premiere in a packed Arena cinema, was followed by live sets from punk-rock bands Mitesers and Generacija bez budućnosti. The film is about the punk-rock scene of Serbia's second city, Novi Sad, in the first half of...
" was made in 2006, featuring punk-rockers from Novi Sad
Novi Sad
Novi Sad is the capital of the northern Serbian province of Vojvodina, and the administrative centre of the South Bačka District. The city is located in the southern part of Pannonian Plain on the Danube river....
, who were active during the first half of the 1990s.
Current notable acts in the former Yugoslav countries: Niet, Scuffy Dogs, Aktivna Propaganda, GUB, Pero Lovšin (formerly of Pankrti
Pankrti
Pankrti were a punk rock band from Ljubljana, Slovenia, active in the late 1970s and during the 1980s. They were known for provocative and politically engaged songs and billed themselves "The First Punk Band Behind The Iron Curtain"...
), Golliwog, In-Sane, Kreshesh Nepitash, No Limits, all from Slovenia; Hladno pivo
Hladno pivo
Hladno pivo is a Croatian punk rock band. It is one of most popular rock bands in Croatia.-Early history:The band was formed in Zagreb. It initially consisted of four members: Zok, Tedi, Suba, Mile...
, KUD Idijoti
KUD Idijoti
KUD Idijoti is a punk-rock band from Pula, Croatia. The band was formed on February 2, 1981 and released their first album in 1986...
, Let 3
Let 3
Let 3 is a modern rock band from Rijeka, Croatia formed in 1987. The band frontmen are Damir "Mrle" Martinović and Zoran "Prlja" Prodanović. The band is popular in Croatia and other former Yugoslav republics due to their original approach to rock music and their obscene live performances...
(feat. the former Termiti member Damir Martinović Mrle), Kawasaki 3P, Fat Prezident, Overflow, FOB, No More Idols, Hren, Lobotomija, Brkovi, Grupa tvog života, FNC Diverzant, Tito's Bojs and Gužva u 16ercu from Croatia; Superhiks
Superhiks
Superhiks is a Macedonian ska-punk and reggae band with occasional swing, Latin and Balkan folk music elements from Skopje, Republic of Macedonia. They gained international prominence after appearing on MTV France, MTV Israel and MTV Adria...
, Two Sides, Noviot Pochetok, and Denny Te Chuva from the Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
; Red Union, Zbogom Brus Li
Zbogom Brus Li
Zbogom Brus Li is a Serbian punk rock band from Novi Sad. Influenced by Misfits, Ramones, Toy Dolls, Cock Sparrer, Dickies, T.Rex, Hard-Ons and other acts, the band combines punk rock and folk music of Vojvodina into a style the band describes as "tamburaški punk" .-1992 – 2000:The band was...
, Atheist Rap
Atheist Rap
Atheist Rap is a Serbian punk rock band from Novi Sad.- 1980s :The idea of forming Atheist Rap came to vocalists Aleksandar Popov, also known as "Dr. Pop", and Vladimir Kozbašić, also known as "Pećinko" at the Rambo Amadeus concert, which took place on November 29, 1988 at the local club Mašinac,...
, Six Pack
Six Pack (band)
- 1990s :The band was formed in early 1993 by Branko Mitrović , Milan Radojević , Dragan Bojić "Bojke" , Saša Bogdanović "Bogda" , Miloš Novaković and Vladimir Čupić "Čupa" , and got the name by the Black Flag song of the same name.The band recorded their first eight-song demo during the late...
, Vox Populi, Šaht, Prilično Prazni, Potres, Gavrilo Princip, Zvoncekova Bilježnica
Zvoncekova Bilježnica
Zvoncekova Bilježnica is a Serbian punk rock/hardcore punk band from Aranđelovac.- History :...
, Mitesers, Hitman, Concrete Worms, Ringišpil, The Bayonets,The Bomber from Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
, and others.
Reunions
PankrtiPankrti
Pankrti were a punk rock band from Ljubljana, Slovenia, active in the late 1970s and during the 1980s. They were known for provocative and politically engaged songs and billed themselves "The First Punk Band Behind The Iron Curtain"...
played a reunion concert in Tivoli Hall in Ljubljana
Ljubljana
Ljubljana is the capital of Slovenia and its largest city. It is the centre of the City Municipality of Ljubljana. It is located in the centre of the country in the Ljubljana Basin, and is a mid-sized city of some 270,000 inhabitants...
, Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
on December 1, 2007 as a celebration of their 30th anniversary. They also had a tour across parts of former Yugoslavia
Former Yugoslavia
The former Yugoslavia is a term used to describe the present day states which succeeded the collapse of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia....
with Ivan Kral
Ivan Kral
Ivan Kral is a Grammy Award-winning Czechoslovakian-born American composer, filmmaker and singer. He works across many genres including rock, jazz, soul, country and film scores...
, who previously played with Patti Smith
Patti Smith
Patricia Lee "Patti" Smith is an American singer-songwriter, poet and visual artist, who became a highly influential component of the New York City punk rock movement with her 1975 debut album Horses....
, Blondie
Blondie (band)
Blondie is an American rock band, founded by singer Deborah Harry and guitarist Chris Stein. The band was a pioneer in the early American New Wave and punk scenes of the mid-1970s...
and Iggy Pop
Iggy Pop
Iggy Pop is an American singer, songwriter, musician, and actor. Though considered an innovator of punk rock, Pop's music has encompassed a number of styles over the years, including pop, metal, jazz and blues...
, as the band's new guitarist.http://www.vojvodina.com/naslovna/arhiva8/071210.htmlhttp://www.popboks.com/vest.php?ID=6125 Meanwhile, in Skopje
Skopje
Skopje is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Macedonia with about a third of the total population. It is the country's political, cultural, economic, and academic centre...
, Republic of Macedonia
Republic of Macedonia
Macedonia , officially the Republic of Macedonia , is a country located in the central Balkan peninsula in Southeast Europe. It is one of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia, from which it declared independence in 1991...
, the group Badmingtons
Badmingtons
Badmingtons is a prominent Macedonian punk rock band in Macedonia.-Biography:The group was formed in the 1980s in Skopje, then SR Macedonia with the unconventional line-up: Vladimir Petrovski- Karter , Dean Škartov - Deko and Boris Georgiev- But .Previously, Karter played in one...
reformed and their music was included in the soundtrack
Soundtrack
A soundtrack can be recorded music accompanying and synchronized to the images of a motion picture, book, television program or video game; a commercially released soundtrack album of music as featured in the soundtrack of a film or TV show; or the physical area of a film that contains the...
for the feature film Prevrteno (Upside Down) directed by Igor Ivanov Izy. At the Exit festival in Novi Sad on July 13, 2008, Pekinška patka
Pekinška Patka
Pekinška Patka is an eminent Serbian and former Yugoslav punk rock band from Novi Sad. Their debut album, Plitka poezija, released in 1980, is considered the first punk rock album by a band coming from Serbia...
played a reunion concert, sharing the stage with the Sex Pistols
Sex Pistols
The Sex Pistols were an English punk rock band that formed in London in 1975. They were responsible for initiating the punk movement in the United Kingdom and inspiring many later punk and alternative rock musicians...
who played afterwards that evening.
Related movies
- Dečko koji obećava
- Sretno dijeteSretno dijeteSretno dijete is a documentary film directed by Igor Mirković, and produced by Rajko Grlić, an Ohio University professor of film, in 2003...
- OutsiderOutsider (film)Outsider is a film produced in 1997 in Slovenia by writer and director Andrej Košak.The film takes place in the 1980 in the former Yugoslavia...
- Pejzaži u magli
- Kako je propao Rocknroll
- Bilo jednom...
See also
- SFR Yugoslav Pop and Rock scene
- Yugoslav New WaveYugoslav New WaveNew Wave in Yugoslavia was the New Wave music scene of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia...
- Novi Punk ValNovi Punk ValNovi Punk Val is a compilation album of Punk rock and New Wave music from the SFR Yugoslavia. It covers the period from 1978 till 1980. It was released by ZKP RTLJ in 1980...
- Paket aranžmanPaket aranžmanPaket aranžman is a New Wave music compilation album released in 1980 by Jugoton and its one of the most important and influential records ever made in the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. It features the eminent Belgrade artists: Šarlo Akrobata, Električni Orgazam and Idoli...
- Artistička Radna AkcijaArtisticka radna akcijaArtistička radna akcija is a new wave and punk rock compilation album released in late 1981 by Jugoton in SFR Yugoslavia...
- New PrimitivesNew PrimitivesNew Primitivism was an urban subcultural movement that originated in Sarajevo during early-to-mid 1980s. The movement was identified with Zabranjeno pušenje and Elvis J. Kurtović & His Meteors bands, whose members were the driving forces behind it. Its creators and most notable personalities...
- Neue Slowenische KunstNeue Slowenische KunstNeue Slowenische Kunst , aka NSK, is a controversial political art collective that announced itself in Slovenia in 1984, when Slovenia was part of Yugoslavia. NSK's name, being German, is compatible with a theme in NSK works: the complicated relationship Slovenes have had with Germans...
- YugotonYugotonYugoton is a tribute album to the former Yugoslav rock scene released in Poland by ZIC ZAC Music Company and BMG Poland in 2001.It features cover versions of eminent ex-Yugoslav artists performed in Polish language by the cover band named Yugoton, composed of several notable Polish...
External links
- Slovenia Punk
- Uzurlikzurli! Interview with Igor Vidmar
- Uzurlikzurli! E-zine about the former Yugoslav Underground
- Over the Walls of Nationalism and War on Profane ExistenceProfane ExistenceThe Profane Existence Collective is a Minneapolis-based anarcho-punk collective. Established in 1989, the collective publishes a nationally-known zine , as well as releasing and distributing anarcho-punk, crust, and grindcore music, and printing and publishing pamphlets and literature...
- "Paket Aranžman" and "Artistička radna akcija" review at terapija.net e-zine
- Member biographies - Mizar official site
- 25th Anniversary of Punk: Interview with the first punk rocker in Slovenia - Mladina magazine November 26, 2001
- The Yugoslav punks, skins and football hooligans and the Yugoslav Wars at Balkansnet.org
- "Rock under siege", Sarajevo
- Hrvatska Punk Lektira