Royal Marriages Act 1772
Encyclopedia
The Royal Marriages Act 1772 is an Act
of the Parliament of Great Britain
which prescribes the conditions under which members of the British Royal Family
may contract a valid marriage
, in order to guard against marriages that could diminish the status of the Royal House. The right of veto
vested in the sovereign by this Act provoked severe adverse criticism at the time.
, male or female, other than the issue of princesses who had married or might thereafter marry "into foreign families", could marry without the consent of the reigning monarch
, "signified under the great seal and declared in council". That consent was to be set out in the licence and in the register of the marriage, and entered in the books of the Privy Council
. Any marriage contracted without the consent of the monarch was to be null and void.
However, any member of the Royal Family over the age of 25 who has been refused the sovereign's consent may marry one year after giving notice to the Privy Council
of their intention to so marry, unless both houses of Parliament expressly declare their disapproval. There is, however, no instance in which the sovereign's formal consent in Council has been refused.
The Act further made it a crime to perform or participate in an illegal marriage of any member of the Royal Family. This provision was repealed by the Criminal Law Act 1967
.
, the daughter of Simon Luttrell
and the widow of Christopher Horton. Although not discovered until the year after the passing of the Act, another brother, Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
, had in 1766 secretly married Maria
, the illegitimate daughter of Sir Edward Walpole
and the widow of the 2nd Earl Waldegrave
. Both alliances were considered highly unsuitable by the King, who "saw himself as having been forced to marry for purely dynastic reasons".
The Act applies to Catholics, even though they are ineligible to succeed to the throne. It does not apply to descendants of Sophia of Hanover
who are not also descendants of George II, even though they are still eligible to succeed to the throne.
It had been claimed that the marriage of Prince Augustus had been legal in Ireland and Hanover but the Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords ruled (in the Sussex Peerage
Case), 9 July 1844, that the Act incapacitated the descendants of George II from contracting a legal marriage without the consent of the Crown, either within the British dominions or elsewhere.
The effects of the law, not always foreseen, remain very much in force. An example is seen in the royal House of Hanover, which descends from Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland
, a younger son of King George III
, who inherited the crown of Hanover according to its semi-Salic
order of succession
when the British crown went to his niece, Queen Victoria. Although his descendants lost their royal crown in 1866, and their British titles in 1918, as male-line descendants of George II they continue to seek permission for their marriages from the British monarch.
Thus, on 11 January 1999, Elizabeth II issued the following Declaration in Council: "My Lords, I do hereby declare My Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August Albert of Hanover
, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
and Her Serene Highness Princess Caroline Louise Marguerite of Monaco
...". Without this consent, the marriage would have been void in Britain, where the groom's family continues to own substantial property and retains the right to petition
for resumption of the dukedom of Cumberland, suspended since World War I
(likewise, the Monégasque
court officially notified France
of Caroline's contemplated marriage to Prince Ernst August and received assurance that there was no objection, in compliance with the 1918 Franco-Monégasque Treaty). (However, as Ernst August married a Roman Catholic, he lost his place in the succession to the British throne under a different piece of legislation, the Act of Settlement 1701
).
All European monarchies
, and many non-European realm
s, have laws or traditions requiring prior approval of the monarch for members of the reigning dynasty
to marry. But Britain's is unusual because it has not been modified since originally adopted, so that its ambit
has grown rather wide, affecting not only Britain's immediate Royal Family, but more distant relatives of the monarch. Moreover, its purview is growing: Whereas in the past British princesses usually married into foreign dynasties, thereby exempting their descendants from the Act, most now marry fellow Britons so that their children become subject in turn to the Act's restrictions, as do their Protestant descendants who marry Britons, and so on potentially without limit. Nor is the law's application confined to those that bear the official style of "princess". For purposes of the Act, that term is deemed to include any legitimate female descendant of George III, since each inherits a claim on the British crown, unless excluded by the Act itself.
Many of George II's descendants in female lines have married back into the British royal family. In particular, the Queen and other members of the House of Windsor
descend (through Queen Alexandra
) from two daughters of George II — (Mary, Landgravine of Hesse
and Louise, Queen of Denmark
— who married foreign rulers (respectively Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and King Frederick V of Denmark
). Moreover The Prince of Wales
, his issue, siblings, and their issue descend from yet a third such marriage, that of The Princess Alice
, a daughter of Queen Victoria, to Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
.
This so-called "Farran exemption" met with wide publicity, but arguments against it were put forward by Mr Clive Parry, Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, and Farran's interpretation has since been ignored. Consent to marriages in the Royal Family (including the distantly related House of Hanover
) continues to be sought and granted as if none of the agnatic descendants of George II were also his cognatic descendants.
As Clive Parry pointed out the "Farran exemption" theory was further complicated by the fact that all the Protestant descendants of the Electress Sophia of Hanover, ancestress of the United Kingdom's monarchs since 1714, had been entitled to British citizenship under the Sophia Naturalization Act 1705 (if born prior to 1948, when the act was repealed). Thus, some marriages of British princesses to continental
monarchs and princes were not, in law, marriages to foreigners. For example, the 1947 marriage of Princess Elizabeth to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
, by birth a Greek and Danish prince but descended from the Electress Sophia, was a marriage to a British subject even if he had not been previously naturalised in Britain. This would also mean theoretically, for example, that the present royal family of Norway is bound by the Act, for the marriage of The Princess Maud
, a daughter of King Edward VII
, to the future King Haakon VII of Norway
, was a marriage to a "British subject", since Haakon descended from the Electress Sophia.
specifically excluded Edward VIII
from the provisions of this Act upon his abdication, allowing him to marry the divorcee, Wallis Simpson. The wording of the declaration also excluded any issue of the marriage from being subject to the Act.
, a private member's bill, presented to the British Parliament on 9 December 2004, would have repealed this act in its entirety. However, the Bill was withdrawn 15 January 2005 by its sponsor after being told that it would not receive government support.
In October 2011 David Cameron
wrote to the leaders of the Commonwealth Realms proposing that the act be limited to the first six people in line to the throne. The leaders approved the proposed change at a summit in Australia.
. This was more serious than the offence created by the Act of 1772, which was equivalent to praemunire
. However, the Act never came into force, as Victoria was eighteen when she became queen.
Act of Parliament
An Act of Parliament is a statute enacted as primary legislation by a national or sub-national parliament. In the Republic of Ireland the term Act of the Oireachtas is used, and in the United States the term Act of Congress is used.In Commonwealth countries, the term is used both in a narrow...
of the Parliament of Great Britain
Parliament of Great Britain
The Parliament of Great Britain was formed in 1707 following the ratification of the Acts of Union by both the Parliament of England and Parliament of Scotland...
which prescribes the conditions under which members of the British Royal Family
British Royal Family
The British Royal Family is the group of close relatives of the monarch of the United Kingdom. The term is also commonly applied to the same group of people as the relations of the monarch in her or his role as sovereign of any of the other Commonwealth realms, thus sometimes at variance with...
may contract a valid marriage
Marriage
Marriage is a social union or legal contract between people that creates kinship. It is an institution in which interpersonal relationships, usually intimate and sexual, are acknowledged in a variety of ways, depending on the culture or subculture in which it is found...
, in order to guard against marriages that could diminish the status of the Royal House. The right of veto
Veto
A veto, Latin for "I forbid", is the power of an officer of the state to unilaterally stop an official action, especially enactment of a piece of legislation...
vested in the sovereign by this Act provoked severe adverse criticism at the time.
Provisions
The Act said that no descendant of George IIGeorge II of Great Britain
George II was King of Great Britain and Ireland, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg and Archtreasurer and Prince-elector of the Holy Roman Empire from 11 June 1727 until his death.George was the last British monarch born outside Great Britain. He was born and brought up in Northern Germany...
, male or female, other than the issue of princesses who had married or might thereafter marry "into foreign families", could marry without the consent of the reigning monarch
Monarchy of the United Kingdom
The monarchy of the United Kingdom is the constitutional monarchy of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories. The present monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, has reigned since 6 February 1952. She and her immediate family undertake various official, ceremonial and representational duties...
, "signified under the great seal and declared in council". That consent was to be set out in the licence and in the register of the marriage, and entered in the books of the Privy Council
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom...
. Any marriage contracted without the consent of the monarch was to be null and void.
However, any member of the Royal Family over the age of 25 who has been refused the sovereign's consent may marry one year after giving notice to the Privy Council
Privy Council of the United Kingdom
Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom...
of their intention to so marry, unless both houses of Parliament expressly declare their disapproval. There is, however, no instance in which the sovereign's formal consent in Council has been refused.
The Act further made it a crime to perform or participate in an illegal marriage of any member of the Royal Family. This provision was repealed by the Criminal Law Act 1967
Criminal Law Act 1967
The Criminal Law Act 1967 is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. However, with some minor exceptions, it generally applies to only England and Wales. It made some major changes to English criminal law...
.
Rationale
The Act was proposed by George III as a direct result of the marriage of his brother, Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn, who, in 1771, had married the commoner Mrs Anne HortonAnne, Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn
Anne Horton, Anne Horton, Anne Horton, (née Anne Luttrell; later the Duchess of Cumberland and Strathearn, (24 January 1742 – 28 December 1808) was a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince Henry, Duke of Cumberland and Strathearn.-Early life:...
, the daughter of Simon Luttrell
Simon Luttrell, 1st Earl of Carhampton
Simon Luttrell, 1st Earl of Carhampton was a British politician and Irish nobleman.He was the second son of Col. Henry Luttrell, of Luttrellstown...
and the widow of Christopher Horton. Although not discovered until the year after the passing of the Act, another brother, Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Prince William, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandson of George II and a younger brother of George III.-Early life:...
, had in 1766 secretly married Maria
Maria, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh
Maria Walpole , the Countess Waldegrave and Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh, was a member of the British Royal Family, the wife of Prince William Henry, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh...
, the illegitimate daughter of Sir Edward Walpole
Edward Walpole
Sir Edward Walpole KB PC was a British politician, and a younger son of Sir Robert Walpole, Prime Minister from 1721 to 1742....
and the widow of the 2nd Earl Waldegrave
James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave
James Waldegrave, 2nd Earl Waldegrave KG PC FRS was a British statesman.The eldest son of the 1st Earl Waldegrave, Waldegrave was educated at Westminster and Eton and he inherited his father's titles in 1741...
. Both alliances were considered highly unsuitable by the King, who "saw himself as having been forced to marry for purely dynastic reasons".
Couples affected
- On 15 December 1785 the King's eldest son George, Prince of WalesGeorge IV of the United KingdomGeorge IV was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and also of Hanover from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later...
, married privately and in contravention of this Act and of the Act of Settlement 1701Act of Settlement 1701The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English throne on the Electress Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant heirs. The act was later extended to Scotland, as a result of the Treaty of Union , enacted in the Acts of Union...
, at her house in Park Lane, London, according to the rites of the Church of England, the twice widowed Maria Anne FitzherbertMaria Anne FitzherbertMaria Fitzherbert , was the woman with whom the future George IV secretly undertook a form of marriage, and his companion for a large part of his adult life. However the marriage in England was invalid under English civil laws concerning royal marriages...
, a practising Roman Catholic. Although viewed as a canonically sound marriage by Roman Catholics this marriage was legally invalid under the Act. If valid the marriage would have excluded the Prince from succession to the throne under the terms of the Act of Settlement 1701Act of Settlement 1701The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English throne on the Electress Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant heirs. The act was later extended to Scotland, as a result of the Treaty of Union , enacted in the Acts of Union...
.
- On 29 September 1791 the King's son Prince Frederick, Duke of YorkPrince Frederick, Duke of York and AlbanyThe Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany was a member of the Hanoverian and British Royal Family, the second eldest child, and second son, of King George III...
, married Frederica, the daughter of Frederick William II, King of PrussiaFrederick William II of PrussiaFrederick William II was the King of Prussia, reigning from 1786 until his death. He was in personal union the Prince-Elector of Brandenburg and the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel.-Early life:...
, at CharlottenburgCharlottenburgCharlottenburg is a locality of Berlin within the borough of Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf, named after Queen consort Sophia Charlotte...
, BerlinBerlinBerlin is the capital city of Germany and is one of the 16 states of Germany. With a population of 3.45 million people, Berlin is Germany's largest city. It is the second most populous city proper and the seventh most populous urban area in the European Union...
, but the ceremony had to be repeated in London on 23 November 1791 as, although consent had been given at the Privy CouncilPrivy Council of the United KingdomHer Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom...
on 28 September, it had proved impossible to obtain the Great Seal in time and doubt had thus been thrown on the legality of the marriage.
- On 4 April 1793 Prince Augustus, the sixth son of the King, married in contravention of the Act, privately and without witnesses, according to the rites of the Church of England at the Hotel Sarmiento, Rome, Lady Augusta MurrayLady Augusta MurrayThe Lady Augusta Murray was the first wife of Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex, the sixth son of George III. As their marriage was in contravention of the Royal Marriages Act 1772, it was considered legally void, and she could not be styled as the Duchess of Sussex.-Early life:Lady...
, and again, after banns, on 5 December 1795, at St George, Hanover Square, London. Both marriages were declared null and void by the Court of Arches, 14 July 1794, and their two children were subsequently considered illegitimate.
- After the death of Lady Augusta Murray, Prince Augustus, now Duke of Sussex, apparently married secondly (no contemporary evidence survives), again in contravention of the Act, about 2 May 1831, at her house in Great Cumberland Place, London, Lady Cecilia Buggin who on that day had taken the surname Underwood in lieu of Buggin and who, on 10 April 1840 was created Duchess of Inverness by Queen Victoria (the Duke being Earl of Inverness). The Queen had, as Lord Melbourne wrote, thereby "recognized the moral and religious effect of whatever has taken place whilst she avoided the legal effects of a legal marriage which was what her Majesty was most anxious to do". Acceptance of the marriage would have meant the acceptance of the Duke's earlier marriage and the legitimacy of his two children. However, the couple cohabited and were socially accepted as husband and wife.
- On 8 January 1847 the Queen's first cousin Prince George of CambridgePrince George, Duke of CambridgePrince George, Duke of Cambridge was a member of the British Royal Family, a male-line grandson of King George III. The Duke was an army officer and served as commander-in-chief of the British Army from 1856 to 1895...
married by licence of the Faculty Office but in contravention of this Act Sarah Fairbrother, a pregnant actress with four illegitimate children (two by himself and two by other men), at St James, ClerkenwellSt James Church, ClerkenwellSt James Church, Clerkenwell is an Anglican parish church in Clerkenwell, London, England.- Nunnery of St Mary: c. 1100 - 1539 :The parish of St James, Clerkenwell, has had a long and sometimes lively history. The springs which give Clerkenwell its name are mentioned during the reign of Henry II...
. From about 1858 Sarah took the name Mrs FitzGeorge but the marriage being invalid it is incorrect to call it a morganatic marriageMorganatic marriageIn the context of European royalty, a morganatic marriage is a marriage between people of unequal social rank, which prevents the passage of the husband's titles and privileges to the wife and any children born of the marriage...
as many have done. It is also incorrect to say that Queen Victoria refused to consent to this marriage as no application was made to her under the Act, it being very apparent that no consent would be given.
Broad effects
The Act renders void any marriage wherever contracted or solemnized in contravention of it. A member of the royal family who contracts a marriage that violates the Act does not thereby lose his or her place in the line of succession, but the offspring of such a union are made illegitimate by the voiding of the marriage and thus lose any right to succeed.The Act applies to Catholics, even though they are ineligible to succeed to the throne. It does not apply to descendants of Sophia of Hanover
Sophia of Hanover
Sophia of the Palatinate was an heiress to the crowns of England and Ireland and later the crown of Great Britain. She was declared heiress presumptive by the Act of Settlement 1701...
who are not also descendants of George II, even though they are still eligible to succeed to the throne.
It had been claimed that the marriage of Prince Augustus had been legal in Ireland and Hanover but the Committee of Privileges of the House of Lords ruled (in the Sussex Peerage
Duke of Sussex
Duke of Sussex was a title in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. It was conferred on 27 November 1801 upon The Prince Augustus Frederick, the sixth son of George III, who was created Duke of Sussex, Earl of Inverness, and Baron Arklow, all in the Peerage of the United Kingdom...
Case), 9 July 1844, that the Act incapacitated the descendants of George II from contracting a legal marriage without the consent of the Crown, either within the British dominions or elsewhere.
The effects of the law, not always foreseen, remain very much in force. An example is seen in the royal House of Hanover, which descends from Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland
Ernest Augustus I of Hanover
Ernest Augustus I was King of Hanover from 20 June 1837 until his death. He was the fifth son and eighth child of George III, who reigned in both the United Kingdom and Hanover...
, a younger son of King George III
George III of the United Kingdom
George III was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death...
, who inherited the crown of Hanover according to its semi-Salic
Salic law
Salic law was a body of traditional law codified for governing the Salian Franks in the early Middle Ages during the reign of King Clovis I in the 6th century...
order of succession
Order of succession
An order of succession is a formula or algorithm that determines who inherits an office upon the death, resignation, or removal of its current occupant.-Monarchies and nobility:...
when the British crown went to his niece, Queen Victoria. Although his descendants lost their royal crown in 1866, and their British titles in 1918, as male-line descendants of George II they continue to seek permission for their marriages from the British monarch.
Thus, on 11 January 1999, Elizabeth II issued the following Declaration in Council: "My Lords, I do hereby declare My Consent to a Contract of Matrimony between His Royal Highness Prince Ernst August Albert of Hanover
Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover
Ernst August, Prince of Hanover , is the third husband of Princess Caroline of Monaco, heiress presumptive to the throne of Monaco...
, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Brunswick-Lüneburg
The Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , or more properly Duchy of Brunswick and Lüneburg, was an historical ducal state from the late Middle Ages until the late Early Modern era within the North-Western domains of the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation, in what is now northern Germany...
and Her Serene Highness Princess Caroline Louise Marguerite of Monaco
Caroline, Princess of Hanover
Caroline, Princess of Hanover, Hereditary Princess of Monaco , formally styled Her Royal Highness The Princess of Hanover , has been heiress presumptive to the throne of Monaco since 2005, a position which she previously held from 1957 to 1958.She is the wife of...
...". Without this consent, the marriage would have been void in Britain, where the groom's family continues to own substantial property and retains the right to petition
Right to petition
The right to petition government for redress of grievances is the right to make a complaint to, or seek the assistance of, one's government, without fear of punishment or reprisals.-United States:...
for resumption of the dukedom of Cumberland, suspended since World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
(likewise, the Monégasque
Monaco
Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
court officially notified France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
of Caroline's contemplated marriage to Prince Ernst August and received assurance that there was no objection, in compliance with the 1918 Franco-Monégasque Treaty). (However, as Ernst August married a Roman Catholic, he lost his place in the succession to the British throne under a different piece of legislation, the Act of Settlement 1701
Act of Settlement 1701
The Act of Settlement is an act of the Parliament of England that was passed in 1701 to settle the succession to the English throne on the Electress Sophia of Hanover and her Protestant heirs. The act was later extended to Scotland, as a result of the Treaty of Union , enacted in the Acts of Union...
).
All European monarchies
Monarchy
A monarchy is a form of government in which the office of head of state is usually held until death or abdication and is often hereditary and includes a royal house. In some cases, the monarch is elected...
, and many non-European realm
Realm
A realm is a dominion of a monarch or other sovereign ruler.The Old French word reaume, modern French royaume, was the word first adopted in English; the fixed modern spelling does not appear until the beginning of the 17th century...
s, have laws or traditions requiring prior approval of the monarch for members of the reigning dynasty
Dynasty
A dynasty is a sequence of rulers considered members of the same family. Historians traditionally consider many sovereign states' history within a framework of successive dynasties, e.g., China, Ancient Egypt and the Persian Empire...
to marry. But Britain's is unusual because it has not been modified since originally adopted, so that its ambit
Ambit
Ambit means scope or range; a sphere of influence. Boundary.Ambit can refer to:*Ubee Interactive , a producer of cable modem, ADSL, and IPTV products.*Ambit , a literary magazine....
has grown rather wide, affecting not only Britain's immediate Royal Family, but more distant relatives of the monarch. Moreover, its purview is growing: Whereas in the past British princesses usually married into foreign dynasties, thereby exempting their descendants from the Act, most now marry fellow Britons so that their children become subject in turn to the Act's restrictions, as do their Protestant descendants who marry Britons, and so on potentially without limit. Nor is the law's application confined to those that bear the official style of "princess". For purposes of the Act, that term is deemed to include any legitimate female descendant of George III, since each inherits a claim on the British crown, unless excluded by the Act itself.
Farran exemption
In the 1950s, Charles d'Olivier Farran, B.C.L., M.A., Ph.D., Lecturer in Constitutional Law at Liverpool University, theorised that the Act could no longer apply to anyone living, because all the members of the immediate royal family were descended from British princesses who had married into foreign families.Many of George II's descendants in female lines have married back into the British royal family. In particular, the Queen and other members of the House of Windsor
House of Windsor
The House of Windsor is the royal house of the Commonwealth realms. It was founded by King George V by royal proclamation on the 17 July 1917, when he changed the name of his family from the German Saxe-Coburg and Gotha to the English Windsor, due to the anti-German sentiment in the United Kingdom...
descend (through Queen Alexandra
Alexandra of Denmark
Alexandra of Denmark was the wife of Edward VII of the United Kingdom...
) from two daughters of George II — (Mary, Landgravine of Hesse
Princess Mary of Great Britain
The Princess Mary was a member of the British Royal Family, a daughter of George II and Caroline of Ansbach.-Early life:...
and Louise, Queen of Denmark
Louise of Great Britain
Louise of Great Britain was the youngest surviving daughter of George II of Great Britain and Caroline of Ansbach, and became queen consort of Denmark and Norway.-Early life:...
— who married foreign rulers (respectively Frederick II, Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel, and King Frederick V of Denmark
Frederick V of Denmark
Frederick V was king of Denmark and Norway from 1746, son of Christian VI of Denmark and Sophia Magdalen of Brandenburg-Kulmbach.-Early life:...
). Moreover The Prince of Wales
Charles, Prince of Wales
Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent and eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since 1958 his major title has been His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. In Scotland he is additionally known as The Duke of Rothesay...
, his issue, siblings, and their issue descend from yet a third such marriage, that of The Princess Alice
Princess Alice of the United Kingdom
The Princess Alice was a member of the British royal family, the third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.Alice's education was devised by Albert's close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar...
, a daughter of Queen Victoria, to Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse
Louis IV , was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death...
.
This so-called "Farran exemption" met with wide publicity, but arguments against it were put forward by Mr Clive Parry, Fellow of Downing College, Cambridge, and Farran's interpretation has since been ignored. Consent to marriages in the Royal Family (including the distantly related House of Hanover
House of Hanover
The House of Hanover is a deposed German royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg , the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain, the Kingdom of Ireland and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland...
) continues to be sought and granted as if none of the agnatic descendants of George II were also his cognatic descendants.
As Clive Parry pointed out the "Farran exemption" theory was further complicated by the fact that all the Protestant descendants of the Electress Sophia of Hanover, ancestress of the United Kingdom's monarchs since 1714, had been entitled to British citizenship under the Sophia Naturalization Act 1705 (if born prior to 1948, when the act was repealed). Thus, some marriages of British princesses to continental
Continental Europe
Continental Europe, also referred to as mainland Europe or simply the Continent, is the continent of Europe, explicitly excluding European islands....
monarchs and princes were not, in law, marriages to foreigners. For example, the 1947 marriage of Princess Elizabeth to Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is the husband of Elizabeth II. He is the United Kingdom's longest-serving consort and the oldest serving spouse of a reigning British monarch....
, by birth a Greek and Danish prince but descended from the Electress Sophia, was a marriage to a British subject even if he had not been previously naturalised in Britain. This would also mean theoretically, for example, that the present royal family of Norway is bound by the Act, for the marriage of The Princess Maud
Maud of Wales
Princess Maud of Wales was Queen of Norway as spouse of King Haakon VII. She was a member of the British Royal Family as the youngest daughter of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark and granddaughter of Queen Victoria and also of Christian IX of Denmark. She was the younger sister of George V...
, a daughter of King Edward VII
Edward VII of the United Kingdom
Edward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910...
, to the future King Haakon VII of Norway
Haakon VII of Norway
Haakon VII , known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg...
, was a marriage to a "British subject", since Haakon descended from the Electress Sophia.
Exemption of the former Edward VIII
In 1936 His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936
His Majesty's Declaration of Abdication Act 1936 was the Act of the British Parliament that allowed King Edward VIII to abdicate the throne, and passed succession to his brother Prince Albert, Duke of York . The Act also excluded any possible future descendants of Edward from the line of succession...
specifically excluded Edward VIII
Edward VIII of the United Kingdom
Edward VIII was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth, and Emperor of India, from 20 January to 11 December 1936.Before his accession to the throne, Edward was Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay...
from the provisions of this Act upon his abdication, allowing him to marry the divorcee, Wallis Simpson. The wording of the declaration also excluded any issue of the marriage from being subject to the Act.
Proposals to repeal or modify
The Succession to the Crown BillSuccession to the Crown Bill
The Succession to the Crown Bill was a British Private Member's Bill aimed at reforming the manner of succession to the British Monarchy published in the House of Lords by Labour peer Lord Dubs on 9 December 2004, and withdrawn by him on 14 January 2005, after the Government said that it would...
, a private member's bill, presented to the British Parliament on 9 December 2004, would have repealed this act in its entirety. However, the Bill was withdrawn 15 January 2005 by its sponsor after being told that it would not receive government support.
In October 2011 David Cameron
David Cameron
David William Donald Cameron is the current Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, First Lord of the Treasury, Minister for the Civil Service and Leader of the Conservative Party. Cameron represents Witney as its Member of Parliament ....
wrote to the leaders of the Commonwealth Realms proposing that the act be limited to the first six people in line to the throne. The leaders approved the proposed change at a summit in Australia.
Other legislation
The Regency Act 1830, which provided for a regency in the event that Queen Victoria inherited the throne before she was eighteen, made it illegal for her to marry without the regent's consent. Her spouse and anyone involved in arranging or conducting the marriage without such consent would be guilty of high treasonHigh treason
High treason is criminal disloyalty to one's government. Participating in a war against one's native country, attempting to overthrow its government, spying on its military, its diplomats, or its secret services for a hostile and foreign power, or attempting to kill its head of state are perhaps...
. This was more serious than the offence created by the Act of 1772, which was equivalent to praemunire
Praemunire
In English history, Praemunire or Praemunire facias was a law that prohibited the assertion or maintenance of papal jurisdiction, imperial or foreign, or some other alien jurisdiction or claim of supremacy in England, against the supremacy of the Monarch...
. However, the Act never came into force, as Victoria was eighteen when she became queen.
Consents for marriages under the Act
Consents under the Act were entered in the Books of the Privy Council but have not been published. In 1857 it became customary to publish them in the London Gazette and notices appear of consents given in Council at Courts held on the following dates. Not all consents, however, were noted there and gaps in the list have been filled by reference to the Warrants for Royal Marriages in the Home Office papers (series HO 124) in The National Archives:| Date | Applicant | Spouse | Gazetted |
|---|---|---|---|
| 28 September 1791 | HRH Royal Highness Royal Highness is a style ; plural Royal Highnesses... Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany The Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany was a member of the Hanoverian and British Royal Family, the second eldest child, and second son, of King George III... |
HRH Princess Frederica of Prussia | HO124/1. |
| 17 December 1794 | HRH George, Prince of Wales George IV of the United Kingdom George IV was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and also of Hanover from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later... |
HRH Princess Caroline Amelia of Brunswick Caroline of Brunswick Caroline of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel was the Queen consort of King George IV of the United Kingdom from 29 January 1820 until her death... |
not gazetted; HO124/2. |
| 3 May 1797 | HRH Charlotte, Princess Royal Charlotte, Princess Royal The Princess Charlotte, Princess Royal was a member of the British Royal Family, the eldest daughter of George III. She was later the Queen Consort of Frederick of Württemberg... |
HSH Frederic, Hereditary Prince of Württemberg Frederick I of Württemberg Frederick I William Charles of Württemberg was the first King of Württemberg. He was known for his size: at and about , he was in contrast to Napoleon, who recognized him as King of Württemberg.-Biography:... |
not gazetted; HO124/3. |
| 15 August 1814 | HRH Prince Ernest, Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale Ernest Augustus I of Hanover Ernest Augustus I was King of Hanover from 20 June 1837 until his death. He was the fifth son and eighth child of George III, who reigned in both the United Kingdom and Hanover... |
Frederica, Dowager Princess of Solms Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , Duchess of Cumberland and later Queen of Hanover , was the consort of Ernest Augustus I of Hanover, the fifth son and eighth child of George III and Queen Charlotte.She was born in the Altes Palais of Hanover as the fifth... |
not gazetted; HO124/4. |
| 9 March 1816 | HRH Princess Charlotte Augusta Princess Charlotte Augusta of Wales Princess Charlotte of Wales was the only child of George, Prince of Wales and Caroline of Brunswick... |
HSH Leopold, Duke of Saxe-Coburg Leopold I of Belgium Leopold I was from 21 July 1831 the first King of the Belgians, following Belgium's independence from the Netherlands. He was the founder of the Belgian line of the House of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha... |
not gazetted; HO124/5. |
| 2 April 1816 | HRH The Princess Mary Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh The Princess Mary, Duchess of Gloucester and Edinburgh was a member of the British Royal Family, the eleventh child and fourth daughter of George III.... and HRH Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Prince William Frederick, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh Prince William, Duke of Gloucester and Edinburgh was a member of the British Royal Family, a great-grandson of George II and nephew of George III.-Early life:... |
not gazetted; HO124/7 | |
| 8 June 1816 | HRH The Princess Elizabeth Princess Elizabeth of the United Kingdom The Princess Elizabeth was a member of the British Royal Family, the seventh child and third daughter of King George III and Queen Charlotte... |
HSH Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg Frederick VI, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg Frederick VI reigned as Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg from 1820 until his death in 1829.-Biography:Born in Homburg, Hesse, on 30 July 1769, Friedrich Joseph Ludwig Carl August was the eldest son of the incumbent Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg, Frederick V, and his wife Caroline of Hesse-Darmstadt, the... |
not gazetted; HO124/6. |
| 22 April 1818 | HRH Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge The Prince Adolphus, 1st Duke of Cambridge , was the tenth child and seventh son of George III and Queen Charlotte. He held the title of Duke of Cambridge from 1801 until his death. He also served as Viceroy of Hanover on behalf of his brothers George IV and William IV... |
HRH Princess Augusta of Hesse | not gazetted; HO124/8. |
| 11 May 1818 | HRH Prince Edward, Duke of Kent and Strathearn | HRH Viktoria, Dowager Princess of Leiningen Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld Princess Victoria of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld was the mother of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom.-Early life:... |
not gazetted; HO124/9. |
| 7 July 1818 | HRH Prince William, Duke of Clarence and St Andrews William IV of the United Kingdom William IV was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and of Hanover from 26 June 1830 until his death... |
HRH Princess Adelaide of Saxony Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen Princess Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and of Hanover as spouse of William IV of the United Kingdom. Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia, is named after her.-Early life:Adelaide was born on 13 August 1792 at Meiningen, Thuringia, Germany... |
not gazetted; HO124/10. |
| 13 June 1842 | HRH Prince George, Crown Prince of Hanover George V of Hanover George V was King of Hanover, the only child of Ernest Augustus I, and a grandchild of King George III of the United Kingdom. In the peerage of Great Britain, he was 2nd Duke of Cumberland and Teviotdale, 2nd Earl of Armagh... |
HRH Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg Marie of Saxe-Altenburg Princess Marie of Saxe-Altenburg was Queen of Hanover and the consort of George V, a grandson of George III of the United Kingdom and Queen Charlotte.-Early life:Marie was born at Hildburghausen, as Princess Marie of... |
copy in HO45/8927. |
| 2 November 1842 | HRH Princess Augusta of Cambridge | Prince Frederick, Hereditary Grand Duke of Mecklenburg Friedrich Wilhelm, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg, KG was a German sovereign who ruled over the state of Mecklenburg-Strelitz from 1860 until his death.-Biography:... |
HO124/11. |
| 16 May 1857 | HRH Victoria, Princess Royal Victoria, Princess Royal The Princess Victoria, Princess Royal was the eldest child of Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom and Prince Albert. She was created Princess Royal of the United Kingdom in 1841. She became German Empress and Queen of Prussia by marriage to German Emperor Frederick III... |
HRH Prince Frederick of Prussia Frederick III, German Emperor Frederick III was German Emperor and King of Prussia for 99 days in 1888, the Year of the Three Emperors. Friedrich Wilhelm Nikolaus Karl known informally as Fritz, was the only son of Emperor William I and was raised in his family's tradition of military service... |
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| 30 April 1861 | HRH The Princess Alice Princess Alice of the United Kingdom The Princess Alice was a member of the British royal family, the third child and second daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha.Alice's education was devised by Albert's close friend and adviser, Baron Stockmar... |
HGDH Grand Ducal Highness His/Her Grand Ducal Highness is a style of address used before the princely titles of the non-reigning members of some German ruling families headed by a Grand Duke. No currently reigning family employs the style, although it was used most recently by the younger sisters of the late Grand Duchess... Prince Ludwig of Hesse Louis IV, Grand Duke of Hesse Louis IV , was the fourth Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine, reigning from 13 June 1877 until his death... |
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| 1 November 1862 | HRH Albert Edward, Prince of Wales Edward VII of the United Kingdom Edward VII was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India from 22 January 1901 until his death in 1910... |
HRH Princess Alexandra of Denmark Alexandra of Denmark Alexandra of Denmark was the wife of Edward VII of the United Kingdom... |
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| 5 December 1865 | HRH The Princess Helena Princess Helena of the United Kingdom Princess Helena was a member of the British Royal Family, the third daughter and fifth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert.... |
HSH Serene Highness His/Her Serene Highness is a style used today by the reigning families of Liechtenstein and Monaco. It also preceded the princely titles of members of some German ruling and mediatised dynasties as well as some non-ruling but princely German noble families until 1918... Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein Prince Christian of Schleswig-Holstein was a minor German prince who became a member of the British Royal Family through his marriage to Princess Helena of the United Kingdom , the fifth child and third daughter of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of... |
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| 19 May 1866 | HRH Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge Princess Mary Adelaide Wilhelmina Elizabeth of Cambridge was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of George III, and great-grandmother of Elizabeth II. She held the title of Duchess of Teck through marriage.Mary Adelaide is remembered as the mother of Queen Mary, the consort of... |
HSH Francis, Prince of Teck Francis, Duke of Teck Francis, Duke of Teck , was a member of the German nobility, and later of the British Royal Family. He was the father of Queen Mary, the wife of King George V... |
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| 24 October 1870 | HRH The Princess Louise Princess Louise, Duchess of Argyll The Princess Louise was a member of the British Royal Family, the sixth child and fourth daughter of Queen Victoria and her husband, Albert, Prince Consort.Louise's early life was spent moving between the various royal residences in the... |
John Campbell, Marquess of Lorne John Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll John George Edward Henry Douglas Sutherland Campbell, 9th Duke of Argyll KG, KT, GCMG, GCVO, VD, PC , usually better known by the courtesy title Marquess of Lorne, by which he was known between 1847 and 1900, was a British nobleman and was the fourth Governor General of Canada from 1878 to 1883... |
, in substitution of |
| 17 July 1873 | HRH Prince Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Alfred, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the third Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and reigned from 1893 to 1900. He was also a member of the British Royal Family, the second son and fourth child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha... |
HIH Imperial Highness His/Her Imperial Highness is a style used by members of an imperial family to denote imperial - as opposed to royal - status to show that the holder in question is descended from an Emperor rather than a King .Today the style has mainly fallen from use with the exception of the Imperial Family of... Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia |
in substitution of |
| 16 May 1878 | HRH Prince Alfred, Duke of Connaught Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn was a member of the shared British and Saxe-Coburg and Gotha royal family who served as the Governor General of Canada, the 10th since Canadian Confederation.Born the seventh child and third son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and... |
HRH Princess Louise Margaret of Prussia | HO124/17. |
| 27 November 1878 | HRH Ernest Augustus, Crown Prince of Hanover | HRH Princess Thyra of Denmark Princess Thyra of Denmark Princess Thyra of Denmark was the youngest daughter of Christian IX of Denmark and Louise of Hesse-Kassel.-Early life:Thyra was the sister of Frederik VIII of Denmark, Queen Alexandra of the United Kingdom, George I of Greece and... |
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| 18 March 1880 | HRH Princess Frederica of Hanover Princess Frederica of Hanover Princess Frederica of Hanover, was a member of the House of Hanover. After her marriage, she lived mostly in England, where she was a prominent member of Society.-Early life:... |
Baron Alfons von Pawel Rammingen | HO124/19. |
| 29 November 1881 | HRH Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany The Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany was the eighth child and fourth son of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha. Leopold was later created Duke of Albany, Earl of Clarence, and Baron Arklow... |
HSH Princess Helena of Waldeck and Pyrmont | |
| 27 January 1885 | HRH The Princess Beatrice Princess Beatrice of the United Kingdom The Princess Beatrice was a member of the British Royal Family. She was the fifth daughter and youngest child of Queen Victoria and Prince Albert. Juan Carlos, King of Spain, is her great-grandson... |
HRH Prince Henry of Battenberg Prince Henry of Battenberg Colonel Prince Henry of Battenberg was a morganatic descendant of the Grand Ducal House of Hesse, later becoming a member of the British Royal Family, through his marriage to Princess Beatrice.-Early life:... |
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| 5 July 1889 | HRH Princess Louise of Wales Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife The Princess Louise, Princess Royal and Duchess of Fife was the third child and the eldest daughter of King Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark... |
The Rt Hon Alexander Duff, Earl Fife Alexander Duff, 1st Duke of Fife Alexander William George Duff, 1st Duke of Fife KG, KT, GCVO, PC, VD , styled Viscount Macduff between 1857 and 1879 and known as The Earl Fife between 1879 and 1889, was a British Peer who married Princess Louise of Wales, the third child and eldest daughter of King Edward VII and Alexandra of... |
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| 3 July 1891 | HH Highness Highness, often used with a possessive adjective , is an attribute referring to the rank of the dynasty in an address... Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein -Titles:*1872–1891: Her Highness Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein*1891–1900: Her Highness Princess Aribert of Anhalt*1900–1917: Her Highness Princess Marie Louise of Schleswig-Holstein... |
HH Prince Aribert of Anhalt Prince Aribert of Anhalt Prince Aribert of Anhalt , was a Prince of the German Duchy of Anhalt.He was regent of Anhalt from September to November 1918 on behalf of his underage nephew Duke Joachim Ernst... |
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| 12 December 1891 | HRH Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence and Avondale | HSH Princess Victoria Mary of Teck Mary of Teck Mary of Teck was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, as the wife of King-Emperor George V.... |
He died before they could marry, and she later married his brother — see below |
| 28 June 1892 | HRH Princess Marie of Edinburgh Marie of Edinburgh Marie of Romania was Queen consort of Romania from 1914 to 1927, as the wife of Ferdinand I of Romania.-Early life:... |
HRH Ferdinand, Crown Prince of Romania | |
| 16 May 1893 | HRH Prince George, Duke of York George V of the United Kingdom George V was King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Emperor of India, from 6 May 1910 through the First World War until his death in 1936.... |
HSH Princess Victoria Mary of Teck Mary of Teck Mary of Teck was the queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions, and Empress of India, as the wife of King-Emperor George V.... |
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| 29 January 1894 | HRH Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse Ernest Louis, Grand Duke of Hesse Ernest Louis Charles Albert William , was the last Grand Duke of Hesse and by Rhine from 1892 until 1918... |
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| 19 October 1894 | HSH Prince Adolphus of Teck Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge, GCB, GCVO, CMG , born Prince Adolphus of Teck and later The Duke of Teck , was a member of the British Royal Family and a younger brother of Queen Mary, the consort of King George V... |
The Lady Margaret Grosvenor Margaret Cambridge, Marchioness of Cambridge Margaret Evelyn Cambridge, Marchioness of Cambridge was the sixth child and third daughter of the 1st Duke of Westminster and the wife of the 1st Marquess of Cambridge... |
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| 21 November 1895 | HRH Princess Maud of Wales Maud of Wales Princess Maud of Wales was Queen of Norway as spouse of King Haakon VII. She was a member of the British Royal Family as the youngest daughter of Edward VII and Alexandra of Denmark and granddaughter of Queen Victoria and also of Christian IX of Denmark. She was the younger sister of George V... |
HRH Prince Carl of Denmark Haakon VII of Norway Haakon VII , known as Prince Carl of Denmark until 1905, was the first king of Norway after the 1905 dissolution of the personal union with Sweden. He was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg... |
, in substitution of consent dated 12 November 1895 published |
| 12 December 1895 | Princess Alexandra of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha | Ernest, Hereditary Prince of Hohenlohe-Langenburg | , in substitution of notice published ; HO124/30. |
| 15 May 1900 | HRH Princess Marie Louise of Hanover | HGDH Prince Maximilian of Baden Prince Maximilian of Baden Maximilian of Baden was a German prince and politician... |
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| 16 November 1903 | HRH Princess Alice of Albany Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone was a member of the British Royal Family. She was the longest-lived Princess of the Blood Royal of the British Royal Family and the last surviving grandchild of Queen Victoria... |
HSH Prince Alexander of Teck Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone Major-General Alexander Augustus Frederick William Alfred George Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone , was a close relative of the shared British and Canadian royal family, as well as a British military commander and major-general who served as Governor-General of the Union of South Africa, the... |
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| 7 March 1904 | HRH Princess Alexandra of Hanover | HRH Frederick Francis IV, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg | |
| 27 February 1905 | HRH Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha Charles Edward, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha was the fourth and last reigning Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, two duchies in Germany , and the head of the House of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha from 1900 until his death in 1954... |
HH Princess Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig-Holstein | |
| 20 March 1905 | HRH Princess Margaret of Connaught Princess Margaret of Connaught Princess Margaret of Connaught was the daughter of Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, third son of Queen Victoria, and his wife, Princess Luise Margarete of Prussia... |
HRH Prince Gustaf Adolf, Duke of Scania Gustaf VI Adolf of Sweden Gustaf VI Adolf - Oscar Fredrik Wilhelm Olaf Gustaf Adolf - was King of Sweden from October 29, 1950 until his death. His official title was King of Sweden, of the Goths and of the Wends. He was the eldest son of King Gustaf V and his wife Victoria of Baden... |
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| 17 March 1913 | HRH Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover | HRH Princess Victoria Louise of Prussia | |
| 12 August 1913 | HRH Prince Arthur of Connaught Prince Arthur of Connaught Prince Arthur of Connaught and Strathearn was a member of the British Royal Family, a grandson of Queen Victoria. Prince Arthur held the title of a British prince with the style His Royal Highness... |
HH Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife Princess Alexandra, Duchess of Fife Princess Alexandra, 2nd Duchess of Fife was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of King Edward VII... |
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| 11 February 1919 | HRH Princess Patricia of Connaught Princess Patricia of Connaught Princess Patricia of Connaught was a member of the British Royal Family, a granddaughter of Queen Victoria... |
Commander the Hon Alexander Ramsay | HO124/38 wanting, see C188/3 for Warrant for Royal Marriage. |
| 22 November 1921 | HRH The Princess Mary Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood The Princess Mary, Princess Royal and Countess of Harewood was a member of the British Royal Family; she was the third child and only daughter of King George V and Queen Mary. She was the sixth holder of the title of Princess Royal... |
Henry Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles Henry Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood Henry George Charles Lascelles, 6th Earl of Harewood KG GCVO DSO TD , styled The Hon. Henry Lascelles before 1892 and Viscount Lascelles between 1892 and 1929, was the son of the 5th Earl of Harewood and Lady Florence Bridgeman.Lascelles was commissioned into the Grenadier Guards and commanded the... |
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| 12 February 1923 | HRH Prince Albert, Duke of York George VI of the United Kingdom George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death... |
The Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes-Lyon was the queen consort of King George VI from 1936 until her husband's death in 1952, after which she was known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother, to avoid confusion with her daughter, Queen Elizabeth II... |
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| 26 June 1923 | HH Princess Maud of Fife | Charles Carnegie, Lord Carnegie Charles Carnegie, 11th Earl of Southesk Sir Charles Alexander Bannerman Carnegie of Kinnaird and of Pitcarrow, 8th Baronet, 11th Earl of Southesk, 11th Baron Carnegie of Kinnaird, 11th Baron Carnegie, of Kinnaird and Leuchards, and 3rd Baron Balinhard, of Farnell in the County of Forfar, KCVO , styled The Hon... |
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| 7 October 1931 | The Lady May Cambridge Lady May Abel Smith Lady May Abel Smith born Princess May of Teck was a descendant of the British Royal Family, a great-granddaughter of Queen Victoria. From her birth, she was known as Princess May of Teck, a title in the Kingdom of Württemberg... |
Capt Henry Abel Smith Henry Abel Smith Colonel Sir Henry Abel Smith KCMG KCVO DSO was a British Army officer and a Governor of Queensland.-Biography:He was born in London, on 8 March 1900, the son of Francis Abel Smith and wife Madeline St. Maur Seymour... |
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| 5 October 1934 | HRH The Prince George Prince George, Duke of Kent Prince George, Duke of Kent was a member of the British Royal Family, the fourth son of George V and Mary of Teck, and younger brother of Edward VIII and George VI... |
HRH Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent, née Princess Marina of Greece and Denmark was a member of the British Royal Family; the wife of Prince George, Duke of Kent, the fourth son of King George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck.... |
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| 3 October 1935 | HRH Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester The Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester was a soldier and member of the British Royal Family, the third son of George V of the United Kingdom and Queen Mary.... |
The Lady Alice Montagu-Douglas-Scott Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester was a member of the British Royal Family, the wife and then widow of Prince Henry, Duke of Gloucester, the third son of George V and Queen Mary.The daughter of the 7th Duke of Buccleuch & Queensberry, Scotland’s largest landowner, her brothers Walter and... |
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| 26 December 1937 | HRH Princess Frederica of Hanover | HRH Prince Paul of Greece and Denmark Paul of Greece Paul reigned as King of Greece from 1947 to 1964.-Family and early life:Paul was born in Athens, the third son of King Constantine I of Greece and his wife, Princess Sophia of Prussia. He was trained as a naval officer.... |
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| 29 January 1941 | The Lady Iris Mountbatten Lady Iris Mountbatten The Lady Iris Mountbatten was born in Kensington Palace, London on 13 January 1920, the only child of Alexander Mountbatten, 1st Marquess of Carisbrooke, eldest of three sons and one daughter of The Princess Beatrice and Prince Henry of Battenberg... |
Hamilton Joseph Keyes O'Malley | not gazetted; HO124/46. |
| 31 July 1947 | HRH The Princess Elizabeth | Lieutenant Philip Mountbatten Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh is the husband of Elizabeth II. He is the United Kingdom's longest-serving consort and the oldest serving spouse of a reigning British monarch.... RN Royal Navy The Royal Navy is the naval warfare service branch of the British Armed Forces. Founded in the 16th century, it is the oldest service branch and is known as the Senior Service... |
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| 28 July 1949 | The Rt Hon George Lascelles, Earl of Harewood George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood George Henry Hubert Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, KBE AM , styled The Hon. George Lascelles before 1929 and Viscount Lascelles between 1929 and 1947, was the elder son of the 6th Earl of Harewood , and Princess Mary, Princess Royal, the only daughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and... |
Maria Stein Marion Stein Maria Donata Nanetta Paulina Gustava Erwina Wilhelmine Stein, CBE , known as Marion Stein, is an Austrian concert pianist and, as a former Countess of Harewood, is also a former member of the British Royal Family.... |
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| 1 August 1951 | HRH Prince Ernest Augustus of Hanover | HRH Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg Princess Ortrud of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg , was a member of the House of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg and a Princess of... |
not gazetted; HO124/49. |
| 27 June 1952 | The Hon The Honourable The prefix The Honourable or The Honorable is a style used before the names of certain classes of persons. It is considered an honorific styling.-International diplomacy:... Gerald Lascelles Gerald Lascelles The Honourable Gerald David Lascelles was the younger son of the 6th Earl of Harewood and Mary, Princess Royal, the only daughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck. He was the first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. He was styled The Honourable Gerald Lascelles... |
Angela Dowding | |
| 1 June 1956 | James Carnegie, Lord Carnegie James Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife James George Alexander Bannerman Carnegie, 3rd Duke of Fife is a great grandson of King Edward VII of the United Kingdom and a member of the extended British Royal Family, in the line of succession to the British Throne... |
The Hon Caroline Dewar Caroline, Lady Worsley Caroline Cecily, Lady Worsley , is the ex-wife of the 3rd Duke of Fife.-Early life:Lady Worsley was born Miss Caroline Dewar at Bardowie Castle at Milngavie, a suburb in Glasgow, Scotland, to The Hon. Henry Evelyn Alexander Dewar, and his wife, the former Cynthia Monica Starkie. She later had a... |
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| 19 August 1956 | Alexander Ramsay Alexander Ramsay of Mar Captain Alexander Arthur Alfonso David Maule Ramsay of Mar was the only child of HRH Princess Patricia of Connaught, who renounced her royal title and style when she married then-Captain the Hon. Alexander Ramsay in February 1919... |
Flora Fraser, Mistress of Saltoun Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun Marjorie Flora Fraser, 21st Lady SaltounIt has recently been determined that Margaret Abernethy succeeded her brother, Alexander Abernethy, 9th Lord Saltoun in 1668, but only survived him by about 6 weeks and had not been counted in the title's numbering. This new information has resulted in the... |
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| 31 July 1957 | Anne Abel Smith Anne Liddell-Grainger Anne Mary Sibylla Liddell-Grainger is the mother of British politician Ian Liddell-Grainger and the daughter of Lady May Abel Smith. Her maternal grandparents were Alexander Cambridge, 1st Earl of Athlone and H.R.H.Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone.She was born in Kensington Palace, the... |
David Liddell-Grainger David Liddell-Grainger David Ian Liddell-Grainger KStJ, DL, FSA , a former Scottish politician, was the son of Henry Liddell-Grainger and Lady Muriel Felicia Vere Bertie, daughter of Montague Bertie, 12th Earl of Lindsey.... |
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| 14 September 1959 | Capt Richard Abel Smith Richard Abel Smith Colonel Richard Francis Abel Smith was a British Army officer.He was the son of Colonel Sir Henry Abel Smith and Lady May Abel Smith . He was born at Kensington Palace in London, England. Richard was the second of three children and the only boy... |
Marcia Kendrew | |
| 16 March 1960 | HRH The Princess Margaret Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon was the younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II and the younger daughter of King George VI.... |
Antony Armstrong-Jones Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon Antony Charles Robert Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon, GCVO, RDI is an English photographer and film maker. He was married to Princess Margaret, younger daughter of King George VI and younger sister of Queen Elizabeth II.... |
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| 3 August 1960 | HRH Prince Welf Heinrich of Hanover | Princess Alexandra of Ysenburg and Budingen Alexandra Prinzessin von Hannover Alexandra Prinzessin von Hannover is a German politician, philanthropist, and widow of Prince Welf Henry of Hanover... |
not gazetted; HO124/55. |
| 24 March 1961 | HRH Prince Edward, Duke of Kent Prince Edward, Duke of Kent The Duke of Kent graduated from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 29 July 1955 as a Second Lieutenant in the Royal Scots Greys, the beginning of a military career that would last over 20 years. He was promoted to captain on 29 July 1961. The Duke of Kent saw service in Hong Kong from 1962–63... |
Katharine Worsley | |
| 19 December 1962 | HRH Princess Alexandra of Kent Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy is the youngest granddaughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck. She is the widow of Sir Angus Ogilvy... |
The Hon Angus Ogilvy Angus Ogilvy Sir Angus James Bruce Ogilvy, was a British businessman best known as the husband of Princess Alexandra of Kent, a first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II.... |
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| 26 February 1965 | Elizabeth Abel Smith | Peter Wise | |
| 28 July 1967 | The Rt Hon George Lascelles, Earl of Harewood George Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood George Henry Hubert Lascelles, 7th Earl of Harewood, KBE AM , styled The Hon. George Lascelles before 1929 and Viscount Lascelles between 1929 and 1947, was the elder son of the 6th Earl of Harewood , and Princess Mary, Princess Royal, the only daughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and... |
Patricia Tuckwell Patricia Lascelles, Countess of Harewood Patricia "Bambi" Lascelles, Countess of Harewood is an Australian violinist and fashion model.-Life and career:Patricia Elizabeth Tuckwell was born in Melbourne, the daughter of Charles Tuckwell and his wife, Elizabeth and an older sister of Barry Tuckwell... |
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| 4 February 1972 | HRH Prince Richard of Gloucester Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester is a member of the British Royal Family. Prince Richard is the youngest grandchild of King George V and Queen Mary. He has been Duke of Gloucester since his father's death in 1974. He is currently 20th in the line of succession... |
Birgitte van Deurs | |
| 29 March 1973 | The Hon James Lascelles James Lascelles James Edward Lascelles , styled The Hon. James Lascelles, is a British musician and the second son of the 7th Earl of Harewood and his first wife, the former Marion Stein... |
Fredericka Duhrssen | |
| 24 July 1973 | HRH The Princess Anne Anne, Princess Royal Princess Anne, Princess Royal , is the only daughter of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh... |
Capt Mark Phillips Mark Phillips -Ancestry:-Issue:-Sources:... |
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| 1 August 1979 | HRH Prince Michael of Kent Prince Michael of Kent Prince Michael of Kent is a grandson of King George V and Queen Mary, making him a cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. He is also the first cousin once removed of Prince Phillip. Prince Michael occasionally carries out royal duties representing the Queen at some functions in Commonwealth realms outside... |
Baroness Marie-Christine von Reibnitz Princess Michael of Kent Princess Michael of Kent is an Austrian-Hungarian member of the British Royal Family. She is married to Prince Michael of Kent, who is a grandson of King George V.... formerly Mrs Thomas Troubridge |
not gazetted; HO124/62. |
| 15 November 1978 | The Hon Gerald Lascelles Gerald Lascelles The Honourable Gerald David Lascelles was the younger son of the 6th Earl of Harewood and Mary, Princess Royal, the only daughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and Mary of Teck. He was the first cousin of Queen Elizabeth II. He was styled The Honourable Gerald Lascelles... |
Elizabeth Evelyn Collingwood | not gazetted; HO124/63 lost while on loan to government department. |
| 6 February 1979 | David Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles David Lascelles, Viscount Lascelles David Henry George Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood is a British hereditary peer and film and television producer. He is in line to the British throne.... |
Margaret Messenger Margaret Lascelles, Viscountess Lascelles Margaret, Viscountess Lascelles is the former wife of David Lascelles, 8th Earl of Harewood.She was born at Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, England as Margaret Rosalind Messenger to Edgar Frank Messenger and Margaret Alice Black... |
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| 26 June 1979 | Henry Lascelles | Alexandra Morton | |
| 13 February 1980 | Katharine Fraser, Mistress of Saltoun Katharine Fraser Katharine Fraser, Mistress of Saltoun, DL is the daughter of Captain Alexander Ramsay of Mar and Flora Fraser, 21st Lady Saltoun.-Biography:... |
Capt Mark Nicholson | |
| 28 July 1980 | Katharine Abel Smith | The Hon Hubert Beaumont | |
| 1981 undated Feb–July | HRH The Prince of Wales Charles, Prince of Wales Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent and eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since 1958 his major title has been His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. In Scotland he is additionally known as The Duke of Rothesay... |
The Lady Diana Spencer Diana, Princess of Wales Diana, Princess of Wales was the first wife of Charles, Prince of Wales, whom she married on 29 July 1981, and an international charity and fundraising figure, as well as a preeminent celebrity of the late 20th century... |
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| 10 June 1981 | HRH Ernst August, Prince of Hanover | HSH Countess Monika of Solms-Laubach Countess Monika of Solms-Laubach Monika, Dowager Princess of Hanover is the second wife and widow of Ernest Augustus IV, Prince of Hanover. Monika is the eldest daughter of Georg Friedrich, Count of Solms-Laubach and Princess Johanna of Solms-Hohensolms-Lich.... |
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| 10 June 1981 | HRH Prince Ernst August of Hanover | Chantal Hochuli Chantal Hochuli Chantal, Princess of Hanover , is heiress to a Swiss chocolate fortune. She is the former wife of Ernst August V, Prince of Hanover.-Biography:Chantal was born in Zürich, Switzerland. She is the daughter of Johann Gustav Hochuli and Rosmarie Lembeck.... |
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| 16 May 1986 | HRH The Prince Andrew Prince Andrew, Duke of York Prince Andrew, Duke of York KG GCVO , is the second son, and third child of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh... |
Sarah Ferguson Sarah, Duchess of York Sarah, Duchess of York is a British charity patron, spokesperson, writer, film producer, television personality and former member of the British Royal Family. She is the former wife of Prince Andrew, Duke of York, whom she married from 1986 to 1996... |
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| 10 February 1987 | David Carnegie, Earl of Macduff David Carnegie, Earl of Southesk David Charles Carnegie, Earl of Southesk , styled Earl of Macduff until 16 February 1992, is the only son of the 3rd Duke of Fife, and his former wife, now The Hon. Lady Worsley... |
Caroline Bunting | |
| 15 September 1987 | HRH Prince Ludwig Rudolph of Hanover Prince Ludwig Rudolph of Hanover Prince Ludwig Rudolph of Hanover was a member of the House of Hanover and a music producer.-Early life and career:... |
HSH Countess Ysabelle of Thurn and Valassina-Como-Vercelli | |
| 23 March 1988 | James Ogilvy James Ogilvy James Robert Bruce Ogilvy is the elder child and only son of the late Sir Angus Ogilvy and Princess Alexandra of Kent. He was born in Thatched House Lodge, Richmond Park, Surrey and was the first of four babies born to royals in 1964. When he was born he was 13th in the line of succession to the... |
Julia Rawlinson Julia Ogilvy Julia Caroline Ogilvy is a member of the extended British Royal Family. She is the wife of James Ogilvy, the only son of Sir Angus Ogilvy and Princess Alexandra, The Honourable Lady Ogilvy, who is a granddaughter of King George V.Julia was born in Cambridge, England... |
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| 24 July 1990 | The Hon Alice Ramsay of Mar | David Ramsey | |
| 11 February 1992 | The Lady Helen Windsor Lady Helen Taylor The Lady Helen Taylor A first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II, she is a great-granddaughter of King George V of the United Kingdom and is in the line of succession to the British throne.... |
Timothy Taylor | |
| 1992 undated | HRH Anne, Princess Royal Anne, Princess Royal Princess Anne, Princess Royal , is the only daughter of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh... |
Cdr Tim Laurence | |
| 1993 undated | David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley David Armstrong-Jones, Viscount Linley -Ancestry:-External links:* * * *... |
The Hon Serena Stanhope Serena Armstrong-Jones, Viscountess Linley Serena Alleyne Armstrong-Jones, Viscountess Linley is an Anglo-Irish aristocrat and a member, by marriage, of the extended British Royal Family. She was born in Limerick, Ireland.-Background:... |
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| 22 June 1994 | The Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones Lady Sarah Chatto The Lady Sarah Frances Elizabeth Chatto, née Armstrong-Jones , is the only daughter of the 1st Earl of Snowdon and Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon, the second daughter of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth. She is 17th in line of succession to the thrones of each of the Commonwealth Realms;... |
Daniel Chatto Daniel Chatto Daniel St. George Chatto born Daniel Chatto St. George Sproule, is a British artist and former actor. He is best known as the husband of Lady Sarah Armstrong-Jones, who is the only daughter of Princess Margaret, Countess of Snowdon and the only niece of Queen Elizabeth II .-Biography:His parents... |
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| 13 April 1999 | HRH The Prince Edward Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex KG GCVO is the third son and fourth child of Elizabeth II and The Duke of Edinburgh... |
Sophie Rhys-Jones | |
| 11 April 2001 | Lady Alexandra Carnegie | Mark Etherington | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 11 April 2001 |
| 11 December 2001 | Charles Liddell-Grainger | Eugenie Campagne | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 11 December 2001 |
| 17 April 2002 | Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster Alexander Windsor, Earl of Ulster Alexander Patrick Gregers Richard Windsor, Earl of Ulster is the only son of the Duke and Duchess of Gloucester. As the eldest son and heir of the Duke of Gloucester, he is accorded the title Earl of Ulster... |
Claire Booth Claire Windsor, Countess of Ulster -Notes:* -External links:* *... |
Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 17 April 2002 |
| 10 December 2003 | Henry Lascelles | Fiona Wilmott | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 10 December 2003 |
| 20 July 2004 | The Lady Davina Windsor Lady Davina Lewis The Lady Davina Lewis is the elder daughter of Prince Richard, Duke of Gloucester and the Duchess of Gloucester, and is in the line of succession to the British Throne.... |
Gary Lewis | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 20 July 2004 |
| 2 March 2005 | HRH Charles, Prince of Wales Charles, Prince of Wales Prince Charles, Prince of Wales is the heir apparent and eldest son of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. Since 1958 his major title has been His Royal Highness The Prince of Wales. In Scotland he is additionally known as The Duke of Rothesay... |
Mrs Camilla Parker-Bowles | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 2 March 2005 |
| 10 October 2006 | Lord Nicholas Windsor Lord Nicholas Windsor The Lord Nicholas Windsor is the youngest child of the Duke and Duchess of Kent, a great-grandson of King George V of the United Kingdom, and a first cousin once removed of Queen Elizabeth II.... |
Paola Doimi de Lupis Frankopan Lady Nicholas Windsor Lady Nicholas Windsor is the wife of Lord Nicholas Windsor, son of the Duke and Duchess of Kent.-Family History:... |
Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 10 October 2006 |
| 2 May 2007 | Amelia May Beaumont | Simon Peregrine Gauvain Murray | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 2 May 2007 |
| 12 December 2007 | The Lady Rose Windsor | George Edward Gilman | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 12 December 2007 |
| 12 February 2008 | Emily Lascelles | Matthew Shard | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 12 February 2008 |
| 9 April 2008 | Peter Phillips Peter Phillips Peter Phillips is the son of Anne, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom.Peter Phillips or Philips may also refer to:* Peter Philips Peter Phillips (born 1977) is the son of Anne, Princess Royal of the United Kingdom.Peter Phillips or Philips may also refer to:* Peter Philips Peter Phillips (born... |
Autumn Kelly Autumn Phillips Autumn Patricia Phillips is the wife of Peter Phillips, who is the son of Anne, Princess Royal and Captain Mark Phillips, and the oldest grandchild of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh.... |
Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 9 April 2008 |
| 9 October 2008 | Charles Montagu Liddell-Grainger | Martha Margaretha de Klerk | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 9 October 2008 |
| 11 February 2009 | Benjamin George Lascelles | Carolina Velez | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 11 February 2009 |
| 10 June 2009 | Lord Frederick Windsor Lord Frederick Windsor The Lord Frederick Windsor , popularly known as Lord Freddie, is a British financial analyst, and the only son of Prince and Princess Michael of Kent... |
Sophie Winkleman Sophie Winkleman Sophie Lara Winkleman is an English actress who has worked extensively in television, film and stage. On 14 February 2009, she became engaged to Lord Frederick Windsor, the son of Prince Michael and Princess Michael of Kent. They married in Hampton Court on 12 September 2009... |
Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 10 June 2009 |
| 9 February 2011 | HRH Prince William of Wales | Catherine Middleton | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 9 February 2011 |
| 10 May 2011 | Zara Phillips Zara Phillips Zara Anne Elizabeth Phillips, MBE is the second child and only daughter of Princess Anne and her first husband Captain Mark Phillips and is 13th in the line of succession to the throne... |
Mike Tindall Mike Tindall Michael James Tindall, MBE is an English rugby player who plays outside centre for Gloucester Rugby and has captained the England team... |
Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 10 May 2011 |
| 10 May 2011 | Mark Lascelles | Judith Kilburn | Privy Council Privy Council of the United Kingdom Her Majesty's Most Honourable Privy Council, usually known simply as the Privy Council, is a formal body of advisers to the Sovereign in the United Kingdom... Orders for 10 May 2011 |