SATB1 is a protein

Protein

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...

 which in humans is encoded by the SATB1 gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

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Function

SATB1, the global chromatin

Chromatin

Chromatin is the combination of DNA and proteins that make up the contents of the nucleus of a cell. The primary functions of chromatin are; to package DNA into a smaller volume to fit in the cell, to strengthen the DNA to allow mitosis and meiosis and prevent DNA damage, and to control gene...

 organizer and transcription factor

Transcription factor

In molecular biology and genetics, a transcription factor is a protein that binds to specific DNA sequences, thereby controlling the flow of genetic information from DNA to mRNA...

, has emerged as a key factor integrating higher-order chromatin architecture with gene regulation. Recent studies have unraveled the role of SATB1 in organization of chromatin 'loopscape' and its dynamic nature in response to physiological stimuli. At genome-wide level, SATB1 seems to play a role in organization of the transcriptionally poised chromatin. SATB1 organizes the MHC class-I locus into distinct chromatin loops by tethering MARs to nuclear matrix at fixed distances. Silencing of SATB1 mimics the effects of IFN-γ

Interferon-gamma

Interferon-gamma is a dimerized soluble cytokine that is the only member of the type II class of interferons. This interferon was originally called macrophage-activating factor, a term now used to describe a larger family of proteins to which IFN-γ belongs...

 treatment on chromatin loop architecture of the MHC class I

MHC class I

MHC class I molecules are one of two primary classes of major histocompatibility complex molecules and are found on every nucleated cell of the body...

 locus and altered expression of genes within the locus. SATB1 has also been shown to induce breast cancer tumor growth and metastasis through the altered expression of large numbers of genes.

Interactions

SATB1 has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with HDAC1

HDAC1

Histone deacetylase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC1 gene.-Interactions:HDAC1 has been shown to interact with RAD9A, DNMT3L, MTA1, FKBP3, CDC20, CDH1, Host cell factor C1, BUB3, Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2, IKZF1, Prohibitin, EVI1, DDX5, DNMT3A, Mothers against...

, SMARCA5

SMARCA5

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily A member 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMARCA5 gene.-Interactions:...

, MTA2

MTA2

Metastasis-associated protein MTA2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MTA2 gene.-Interactions:MTA2 has been shown to interact with HDAC1, Histone deacetylase 2, MTA1, CHD4, RBBP7, RBBP4, MBD3 and SATB1....

, CHD4

CHD4

Chromodomain-helicase-DNA-binding protein 4 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CHD4 gene.-Interactions:CHD4 has been shown to interact with HDAC1, Histone deacetylase 2, MTA2, SATB1 and Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3 related....

, CUTL1

CUTL1

Cux1 is a homeodomain protein that in humans is encoded by the CUX1 gene.-Interactions:Cux1 has been shown to interact with CREB binding protein, SATB1 and Retinoblastoma protein....

, POLR2J

POLR2J

DNA-directed RNA polymerase II subunit RPB11-a is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the POLR2J gene.-Interactions:POLR2J has been shown to interact with POLR2C, SATB1 and Apoptosis antagonizing transcription factor.-Further reading:...

 and BAZ1A

BAZ1A

Bromodomain adjacent to zinc finger domain protein 1A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BAZ1A gene.-Structure:The protein encoded by this gene belongs to a family of proteins which includes BAZ1B, BAZ2A, and BAZ2B...

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Further reading