Scouting in displaced persons camps
Encyclopedia
Scouting
has been active in displaced persons camp
s (DP camps) and in the lives of refugee
s since World War II
. During and after World War II, until the early 1950s, Scouting and Guiding flourished in these camps. These Scout and Girl Guide groups often provided postal delivery
and other basic services in displaced persons camps. This working system was duplicated dozens of times around the world. In the present, Scouting and Guiding once again provide services and relief in camps throughout war-torn Africa
.
and among those that had fled the new communist occupation of their lands, at which point Scouting ceased to exist in Armenia.
took part in Scout camps of the Österreichischer Pfadfinderbund. They were trained as helpers for youthwork in the camp. The head of the Knabenhort (after -school care center) was a Scoutmaster of the Österreichischer Pfadfinderbund from Trieste
.
worked in refugee reception centres and refugee camps.
).
From September 17 to 21, 1948 the DP Scouts of Tyrol and Vorarlberg
held a Scout camp in Rinn
, Tyrol. 265 persons, including 85 Girl Guides, took part.
The service team members were displaced Rover Scouts. The camp leaders were the Traveling Commissioner for D.P. Scouts in Germany and Austria J. Monnet, three Ukrainian Scouters, one Hungarian Scouter and a Scouter of the DP-Scout group of Haiming.
There were three subcamps:
Groups:
Rover crews existed in German POW camps.
There existed for example secret Polish Rover Crews. There were also Belgian
Scout groups.
"The Polish Rovers at Lubeck were by no means the only displaced persons who turned to Scouting as the solution to their troubles. The report of the American, Harry K. Eby, on Scouting in the displaced persons' camps of the United States Zone shows that by 1946 seven major nationalities had established Scout Committees and were doing their utmost to supervise the work of their groups throughout the zone and in places beyond it. The program which they drew up, consisting as it did of training courses, conferences, the collection of literature, the publishing of Scout magazines and the passing of tests for badges, was, he notes, comprehensive and of fine quality. At Camp Esslingen, for example, he discovered that 165 Latvian Scouters had drawn up a well-planned program for training Scoutmasters, Scouters and Commissioners, while at Augsburg the Ukrainian Scouts to the number of 728 had celebrated the thirty-fifth anniversary of the founding of Scouting in their country. Russian Scouts of the Greek Orthodox Church had built up "an extensive and long-standing organisation," and the Poles and White Ruthenians in the zone were equally active. These various organizations were fortunate enough to receive a supply of Scout literature from the World Friendship Fund which, among other books, sent several hundred copies of Aids to Scoutmastership. They were much appreciated..."
"Scouting continues among the displaced persons in the French and British Zones in Germany, having followed the same lines as those which have proved so successful in the United States Zone. "Our best effort was quite unintentional," reports the British Governor of a colony of 15,000 Poles housed in eight villages close to Minden. "A few weeks ago I discovered a few Boy Scouts and arranged a meeting for them. We have now got 800 Scouts and about 400 Girl Guides, with a waiting list of as many again. They are as keen as mustard. When I went to a German clothing manufacturer and ordered a thousand Scout uniforms he thought I was mad but he made them."..."
In the years after World War II, the DP Scouting movement provided a makeshift but quite effective camp postal system using Scout postage stamps
like the one illustrated.
A Ukrainian Scout Jamboree took place in Mittenwald from July 5 to 7, 1947.
The same design exists for Ukrainian / Scouts Congress / Aschaffenburg
/ 26. - 29. III. 1948
and Ranger Guides served in refugee camps.
German Catholic Scout groups existed in prisoner of war camps
in the United Kingdom
and France
.
In POW Camp 273 at Debach
Airfield (near Ipswich) existed a German Catholic Scout group from 1946 to 1948. This were the same Scouts as in Fort Devens.
Scout groups including Germans and Austrians existed in several Prisoner of war camps of the western Allies.
In refugee camps in Vichy France
for Belgian refugees were active Scout groups.
In a internment camp for Germans on the Isle of Man a Scout group was active.
The Polish Scout Headquarters moved first to Paris in 1939 and then to London. There were Polish Scout groups in Great Britain during World War II
and afterwards. There were not only Polish, but also French, Czechoslovakian, Yugoslavian and others. They had strong ties to their Governments in Exile.
helped in the construction of refugee camps and worked in refugee camps, too. Polish Guides and Scout sent gift parcels to children in refugee camps (Peacepacks).
Austrian Scouts and Guides started a Fundraising campaign and financed two days in the Austrian refugee camp. The campaign had the name "Mein Taschengeld für den Kosovo" (My pocket money for the Kosovo).
in the United States
.
Examples include:
A German Catholic Scout group existed from 1945 to 1946 in the POW camp Fort Devens
.
Founded by former members of the DPSG, encouraged by the priest Eberhard Droste. The Scouters were Meinrad Much and a German comrade. Much had been a Scout in the DPSG between 1933 and 1936. There were 20 Scouts, aged between 18 and 22.
This group was part of the Catholic camp parish. Another group was the Kolpingfamilie. Together with the Lutheran camp parish and the Kolpingfamilie the Scouts collected money to help Germany and consigned 10,000 dollars to the Caritas
. An important day for the Scouts was their Confirmation. It was celebrated by the Archbishop of Boston.
Boy Scouts of America
units were at all ten War Relocation Authority
(WRA) Japanese American internment
centers during World War II
. Girl Scouts of the USA
units were also at most of these camps. Both Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts were also at many of the camps not run by the WRA. Internees at the Granada War Relocation Center
set up a separate Amache District
for Scouts at the camp, after the camp's unofficial name Camp Amache. Camp leaders, internees themselves, set up the system. On December 6, 1942, one of the pro-Japanese internees at Manzanar
started rushing towards the flagpole to tear down the American flag. A group of Japanese American
Boy Scouts
, surrounded the flagpole and armed themselves with stones the size of baseballs, refusing to allow the flag to be taken down.
and its Scoutmaster was Harold D. Clark. There were also a Cub Scout pack and a Girl Scout troop located there.
. This group consisted of Austrian
and German
émigrés. It was affiliated with The Boy Scout Association
. At the end of World War II
there were 120 members.
. There were also Scout troops and Guide companies. This groups were part of Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego. They were under the jurisdiction of Z.H.P. National Committee in London.
There were Scout groups in refugee camps for Vietnamese
refugees after the Vietnam War
(1960–1975), who received support from the UNHCR.
. They worked together with the British Scouts
there. For example: "At Lusaka
there were soon 88 Polish Scouts and 102 Guides and brownies."
have been present at every World Scout Jamboree
and Rover Moot, although after World War II
, they were compelled to arrive and participate in these events with contingents of other countries. The only exceptions were the World Jamboree at Moisson
in 1947 in which 36 Estonian DP-Scouts from Germany took part under the Estonian colors; and the Jubilee Jamboree at Sutton Park, England, in 1957, where it was possible for Estonian Scouts to fly their own flag in the camp allotted to the Council of Scout Associations in Exile
.
Hungarian Scouts have been present at the World Jamborees in 1947, 1951, 1955, 1957, 1959, and 1963. In 1951 the Hungarian Scouts were members of the Austrian and German contingents. In 1957 40 Hungarian Scouts were members of the Austrian contingent. The Hungarians were also represented in the camp allotted to Council of Scout Associations in Exile the at the JIM in 1957. The Association of Armenian Scouts
have been present at many international Scouting events, including World Jamborees and Rover Moots.
In 1947 at 6th World Jamboree Latvian DP-Scouts from Germany took part under the Latvian colors.
Ukrainian DP-Scouts from Germany also took part in the "Jamboree la Paix" at Moisson in 1947.
In the Jamboree map printed in the Jamboree newspaper of 6 August 1947 there is a Contingent of "Displaced Persons" listed.
In the 7th World Jamboree in 1951 Scouts-in-Exile and DP-Scouts from Hungary
, Latvia
and Lithuania
participated as part of the German contingent. Russian Scouts-in-Exile also attended as a separate group. Scouts-in-Exile from Russia, Lithuania, Latvia and Hungary stayed at Subcamp 4 "Niederösterreich". A Displaced Persons Troop stayed at Subcamp 6 "Steiermark.".
At the 9th World Scout Jamboree
the Council of Scout Associations in Exile, ZHP-in exile and the Association of Armenian Scouts were represented. The Council of Scout Associations in Exile camped at Subcamp Copenhangen and included Scouts-in-exile from Hungary, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Ukraine.
Leader of the Division was Jean R.Monnet, a British leader who had been involved in Scouts' International Relief Service. The office of the Division was in Frankfurt am Main.
Since the resolution 14/47 was drafted it was clear that no "National Movements on Foreign Soil" would be registered by the Boy Scouts International Bureau. Scouts-in-Exile outside the camps should join the National Scout organisation of their country of residence.
After the German and Austrian Scouts became registered as members of Boy Scouts International Bureau in 1950 and 1946 the Scouts in displaced persons camps should join the National Scout organisation of this countries. So the D.P.Scout Division of the Boy Scouts International Bureau was closed down as of June 30, 1950.
was the leader of the first team briefed to find and support Guides living in displaced persons' camps. After the team's first tour of duty, General Sir Evelyn Fanshawe
, at that time in charge of the U.N. relief operation in the then British Zone of Germany, "remarked that, in his opinion, Scouting and Guiding were the most rehabilitative factors at work in the camps at that time." Elizabeth Hartley
followed Burgin as leader of the team.
, Austria
, Yugoslavia
, Greece
, Cyprus
, Syria
, Palestine
, Egypt
and Hong Kong
.
"The GIS was one of the approved organisations to provide teams to work with displaced persons and refugees under the umbrella of the British Red Cross, the British Army and the United Nations relief and rehabilitation administration. From 1945 teams of women were formed to undertake medical, catering and canteen duties, establishing feeding schemes in camps; providing hospital equipment, medical supplies and disease control, as well as food and general relief supplies, saving thousands of lives. In 1947 repatriation and emigration schemes were established. 1951 brought the inauguration of education, adoption and parcels schemes. The service was disbanded in 1952 with any remaining funds being distributed to further assist displaced persons.".
maintain work for and with displaced persons today, as with the work of World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
.
Scouting
Scouting, also known as the Scout Movement, is a worldwide youth movement with the stated aim of supporting young people in their physical, mental and spiritual development, that they may play constructive roles in society....
has been active in displaced persons camp
Displaced persons camp
A displaced persons camp or DP camp is a temporary facility for displaced persons coerced into forced migration. The term is mainly used for camps established after World War II in West Germany and in Austria, as well as in the United Kingdom, primarily for refugees from Eastern Europe and for the...
s (DP camps) and in the lives of refugee
Refugee
A refugee is a person who outside her country of origin or habitual residence because she has suffered persecution on account of race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or because she is a member of a persecuted 'social group'. Such a person may be referred to as an 'asylum seeker' until...
s since World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. During and after World War II, until the early 1950s, Scouting and Guiding flourished in these camps. These Scout and Girl Guide groups often provided postal delivery
Mail
Mail, or post, is a system for transporting letters and other tangible objects: written documents, typically enclosed in envelopes, and also small packages are delivered to destinations around the world. Anything sent through the postal system is called mail or post.In principle, a postal service...
and other basic services in displaced persons camps. This working system was duplicated dozens of times around the world. In the present, Scouting and Guiding once again provide services and relief in camps throughout war-torn Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
.
Armenian Genocide
Scouting in Armenia was founded in 1912, then later developed abroad among the refugees who had survived the genocide of 1915-1916Armenian Genocide
The Armenian Genocide—also known as the Armenian Holocaust, the Armenian Massacres and, by Armenians, as the Great Crime—refers to the deliberate and systematic destruction of the Armenian population of the Ottoman Empire during and just after World War I...
and among those that had fled the new communist occupation of their lands, at which point Scouting ceased to exist in Armenia.
Austria
Children from the refugee camp MitterndorfMitterndorf an der Fischa
Mitterndorf an der Fischa is a town in the district of Baden in Lower Austria in Austria....
took part in Scout camps of the Österreichischer Pfadfinderbund. They were trained as helpers for youthwork in the camp. The head of the Knabenhort (after -school care center) was a Scoutmaster of the Österreichischer Pfadfinderbund from Trieste
Trieste
Trieste is a city and seaport in northeastern Italy. It is situated towards the end of a narrow strip of land lying between the Adriatic Sea and Italy's border with Slovenia, which lies almost immediately south and east of the city...
.
Hungary
ScoutsMagyar Cserkészszövetség
Magyar Cserkészszövetség , the primary national Scouting organization of Hungary, was founded in 1912, and became a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement in 1922 and again after the rebirth of Scouting in the country in 1990...
worked in refugee reception centres and refugee camps.
Estonia
At that time Estonia was part of Tsarist Russia. Latvian and Lithunian refugees founded Scout troops.Poland
Scouts and Guides cared for refugees of conflicts after World War I (i.e.Polish-Soviet WarPolish-Soviet War
The Polish–Soviet War was an armed conflict between Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine and the Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic—four states in post–World War I Europe...
).
Austria
Guide International Service sent at Christmas gift parcels to 180 Guides and Brownies in DP camps.French sector camps
- United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation AdministrationUnited Nations Relief and Rehabilitation AdministrationThe United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration was an international relief agency, largely dominated by the United States but representing 44 nations. Founded in 1943, it became part of the United Nations in 1945, was especially active in 1945 and 1946, and largely shut down...
-Haiming UNRRA displaced persons camp, HaimingHaiming, AustriaHaiming is a municipality in the district of Imst and is located 11 km east of Imst. The village has 4018 inhabitants and an area size of 40.20 km². Haiming possesses 8 village parts and its main source of income is Summer tourism.-External Links:...
: VolksdeutscheVolksdeutscheVolksdeutsche - "German in terms of people/folk" -, defined ethnically, is a historical term from the 20th century. The words volk and volkische conveyed in Nazi thinking the meanings of "folk" and "race" while adding the sense of superior civilization and blood...
from HungaryHungaryHungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, RomaniaRomaniaRomania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
and YugoslaviaYugoslaviaYugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
, Scout groupScout GroupThe Scout Group is the local organisation for Scouting in most countries where it is active. It combines together the different sections into a single body. Scout Groups can consist of any number of sections in the different Age Groups in Scouting and Guiding...
affiliated to Pfadfinder Österreichs, active 1945 to 1950, ColonelColonelColonel , abbreviated Col or COL, is a military rank of a senior commissioned officer. It or a corresponding rank exists in most armies and in many air forces; the naval equivalent rank is generally "Captain". It is also used in some police forces and other paramilitary rank structures...
J. S. Wilson of the World Scout Bureau visited the group. There were also a group of Girl Guides. - Kufstein UNRRA displaced persons camp, KufsteinKufsteinKufstein is a city in Tyrol, Austria, located along the river Inn, in the lower Inn valley, near the border with Bavaria, Germany, and is the site of a post World War II French sector United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration Displaced Persons camp.Kufstein is the second largest city...
: Estonian Guides, several Scout troops of different nationality, one of them was affiliated with group Wörgl I (Pfadfinder Österreichs) (?) - Landeck UNRRA displaced persons camp, LandeckLandeckLandeck is a city in Tyrol, Austria with approximately 7,633 inhabitants. It is located at an elevation of about 820 m in the west of Tyrol, on the rivers Sanna and Inn...
had a Hungarian Scout troopKülföldi Magyar CserkészszövetségKülföldi Magyar Cserkészszövetség is a Scouts-in-Exile organization created for youth of Hungarian descent. Scouting makes it possible for the young men and women to learn more about their Hungarian heritage, language and culture...
Scout camp for displaced Scouts of Tyrol and Vorarlberg in Rinn 1948
From September 17 to 21, 1948 the DP Scouts of Tyrol and Vorarlberg
Vorarlberg
Vorarlberg is the westernmost federal-state of Austria. Although it is the second smallest in terms of area and population , it borders three countries: Germany , Switzerland and Liechtenstein...
held a Scout camp in Rinn
Rinn
Rinn is a municipality in the district of Innsbruck-Land and is located 6 km southeast of Innsbruck. The village was mentioned in documents as “Runne” in 1250 for the first time. It has 1623 inhabitants.-External links:...
, Tyrol. 265 persons, including 85 Girl Guides, took part.
The service team members were displaced Rover Scouts. The camp leaders were the Traveling Commissioner for D.P. Scouts in Germany and Austria J. Monnet, three Ukrainian Scouters, one Hungarian Scouter and a Scouter of the DP-Scout group of Haiming.
There were three subcamps:
- Hungarian
- UkrainianUkrainiansUkrainians are an East Slavic ethnic group native to Ukraine, which is the sixth-largest nation in Europe. The Constitution of Ukraine applies the term 'Ukrainians' to all its citizens...
- Girl Guides
British sector camps
- PlastPlastThe Plast National Scout Organization of Ukraine commonly called Ukrainian Plast or simply Plast is the largest Scouting organization in Ukraine.-First Phase: 1911-1920:...
-Ukrainian ScoutingScouting in UkraineScouting in Ukraine received World Organization of the Scout Movement recognition in July 2008. The Eurasian Region headquarters is located on Ukrainian territory.-2008 WOSM recognition:...
, (Founder in Styria was A. Klutschko, the last Scouter was Michael Maschowec, who lived still in Styria in 1997).
Groups:
- GrazGrazThe more recent population figures do not give the whole picture as only people with principal residence status are counted and people with secondary residence status are not. Most of the people with secondary residence status in Graz are students...
: Plast-Ukrainian Scouting - Trofaiach displaced persons camp:Plast-Ukrainian Scouting
- FeffernitzFeffernitzFeffernitz is a sub-municipality of Paternion in the Villach district of the Carinthia in Austria, the site of a post World War II British sector displaced person camp....
bei Feistritz (WeißensteinWeißensteinWeißenstein is a town in the district of Villach-Land in Carinthia in Austria. The scenery around Weißenstein has been attracting artists for years, and their work is presented in the town's Wachaumuseum. The other main attraction is its Church of the Virgin Mary, on a hilltop to protect against...
), a camp for Hungarian displaced persons, had a Boy Scout troop which was founded by Tibor Zoltai in 1946.
after 1955
- Hungarian Scout groups were founded in refugee camps following the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. In 1957 there were 11 groups with 450 Scouts registered within Pfadfinder Österreichs. (The National Scout organisation at that time.) Scouts helped refugees by collecting donations and food for the refugees and Scouts served in refugee camps.
- In the Scoutcenter Höflein in Lower AustriaLower AustriaLower Austria is the northeasternmost state of the nine states in Austria. The capital of Lower Austria since 1986 is Sankt Pölten, the most recently designated capital town in Austria. The capital of Lower Austria had formerly been Vienna, even though Vienna is not officially part of Lower Austria...
was a refugee camp and Scouts and Guides worked there. There were also Fundraising campaigns for the refugees there by the Austrian Scouts and GuidesScouting in AustriaScouting in Austria is served by multiple Scout associations, among them*Boy Scouts and Girl Guides of Austria, member of World Organization of the Scout Movement and WAGGGS, member of the Austrian National Youth Council...
.There were refugees from 22 August 1992 until 1998. This camps was for refugees from Yugoslavia. Austrian Scouts and Guides also worked together with the Red Cross and Caritas to help refugees. - In 2007 and 2008 Scouts and Guides of the Scout group Steyr 3 cooperate with "Maradonna", a residential home for juvenile refugees in SteyrSteyrSteyr is a town, located in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria. The town is situated at the confluence of the rivers Steyr and Enns. Steyr is Austria's 12th most populated town and simultaneously the 3rd largest town in Upper Austria....
.
Prisoner of war camps
Rover crews existed in German POW camps.
There existed for example secret Polish Rover Crews. There were also Belgian
Belgium
Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...
Scout groups.
American sector camps
- Altötting UNRRA displaced persons camp, AltöttingAltöttingAltötting is a town in Bavaria, capital of the district Altötting.This small town is famous for the Gnadenkapelle , one of the most-visited shrines in Germany. This is a tiny octagonal chapel which keeps a venerated statue of the Virgin Mary...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop - Amberg UNRRA displaced persons camp, AmbergAmbergAmberg is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is located in the Upper Palatinate, roughly halfway between Regensburg and Bayreuth. Population: 44,756 .- History :...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides - Ansbach UNRRA displaced persons camp, AnsbachAnsbachAnsbach, originally Onolzbach, is a town in Bavaria, Germany. It is the capital of the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Ansbach is situated southwest of Nuremberg and north of Munich, on the Fränkische Rezat, a tributary of the Main river. As of 2004, its population was 40,723.Ansbach...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Augsburg UNRRA displaced persons camp, AugsburgAugsburgAugsburg is a city in the south-west of Bavaria, Germany. It is a university town and home of the Regierungsbezirk Schwaben and the Bezirk Schwaben. Augsburg is an urban district and home to the institutions of the Landkreis Augsburg. It is, as of 2008, the third-largest city in Bavaria with a...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons had a Scout troop, a Rover Crew, Girl Guides and RangersRanger (Girl Guide)A Ranger or Ranger Guide is a member of a section of some Guiding organisations who is between the ages of 14 and 25. Exact age limits are slightly different in each organisation. It is the female-centred equivalent of the Rover Scouts-Early history:... - Bayreuth UNRRA displaced persons camp, Bayreuth, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop
- Berchtesgaden UNRRA displaced persons camp, BerchtesgadenBerchtesgadenBerchtesgaden is a municipality in the German Bavarian Alps. It is located in the south district of Berchtesgadener Land in Bavaria, near the border with Austria, some 30 km south of Salzburg and 180 km southeast of Munich...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and a Rover Crew - Eichstätt UNRRA displaced persons camp, EichstättEichstättEichstätt is a town in the federal state of Bavaria, Germany, and capital of the District of Eichstätt. It is located along the Altmühl River, at , and had a population of 13,078 in 2002. It is home to the Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt, the lone Catholic university in Germany. The...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Erlangen UNRRA displaced persons camp, ErlangenErlangenErlangen is a Middle Franconian city in Bavaria, Germany. It is located at the confluence of the river Regnitz and its large tributary, the Untere Schwabach.Erlangen has more than 100,000 inhabitants....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Esslingen UNRRA displaced persons camp, Esslingen am NeckarEsslingen am NeckarEsslingen am Neckar is a city in the Stuttgart Region of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany, capital of the District of Esslingen as well as the largest city in the district....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Scout troops and Girl Guides - Fischbach UNRRA displaced persons camp, NurembergNurembergNuremberg[p] is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, it is located about north of Munich and is Franconia's largest city. The population is 505,664...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop - Fürth UNRRA displaced persons camp, FürthFürthThe city of Fürth is located in northern Bavaria, Germany in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. It is now contiguous with the larger city of Nuremberg, the centres of the two cities being only 7 km apart....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop, a Latvian Scout Conference took place there at 3 November 1945 - Hanau UNRRA displaced persons camp, HanauHanauHanau is a town in the Main-Kinzig-Kreis, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 25 km east of Frankfurt am Main. Its station is a major railway junction.- Geography :...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Ingolstadt UNRRA displaced persons camp, IngolstadtIngolstadtIngolstadt is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, in the Federal Republic of Germany. It is located along the banks of the Danube River, in the center of Bavaria. As at 31 March 2011, Ingolstadt had 125.407 residents...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides and a Scout troop - Karlsruhe UNRRA displaced persons camp, KarlsruheKarlsruheThe City of Karlsruhe is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border.Karlsruhe was founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, when Germany was a series of principalities and city states...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop - Kassel UNRRA displaced persons camp, KasselKasselKassel is a town located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Kassel Regierungsbezirk and the Kreis of the same name and has approximately 195,000 inhabitants.- History :...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides, a Rover Crew and a Scout troop - Kleinkötz UNRRA displaced persons camp, KleinkötzKleinkötzKleinkötz is a village near Günzburg in Bavaria in Germany, the site of a post World War II American sector displaced person camp . It is the birthplace of Johann Eberlin von Günzburg....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides and a Scout troop - IROInternational Refugee OrganizationThe International Refugee Organization was founded on April 20, 1946 to deal with the massive refugee problem created by World War II. A Preparatory Commission began operations fourteen months previously. It was a United Nations specialized agency and took over many of the functions of the earlier...
displaced persons camp Memmingen, MemmingenMemmingenMemmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Rover Crew - Mainleus displaced persons camp, MainleusMainleusMainleus is a municipality in the district of Kulmbach in Bavaria in Germany, the site of a post World War II American sector displaced person camp.-City arrangement:Mainleus is arranged in the following boroughs:...
, had RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
n Boy ScoutBoy ScoutA Scout is a boy or a girl, usually 11 to 18 years of age, participating in the worldwide Scouting movement. Because of the large age and development span, many Scouting associations have split this age group into a junior and a senior section...
troops - Memmingen Airport UNRRA displaced persons camp, MemmingenMemmingenMemmingen is a town in the Bavarian administrative region of Swabia in Germany. It is the central economic, educational and administrative centre in the Danube-Iller region. To the west the town is flanked by the Iller, the river that marks the Baden-Württemberg border...
, had Russian Boy Scout troopsScouting in RussiaScouting in Russia comprises several dozen Scout associations, based on religion, politics and geography.-History of Scouting in Russia:-1908 to 1922:... - Mittenwald UNRRA displaced persons camp, MittenwaldMittenwaldMittenwald is a German municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in Bavaria.-Geography:Mittenwald is located approx. 16 kilometers to the south-east of Garmisch-Partenkirchen...
, located at the former GebirgsjägerGebirgsjägerGebirgsjäger, in English Mountain Riflemen, is the German designation for mountain infantry. The word Jäger is the traditional German term for rifleman...
-KaserneBarracksBarracks are specialised buildings for permanent military accommodation; the word may apply to separate housing blocks or to complete complexes. Their main object is to separate soldiers from the civilian population and reinforce discipline, training and esprit de corps. They were sometimes called...
, a camp for Ukrainian, LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
n, and Jewish displaced persons, also had a troop of PlastPlastThe Plast National Scout Organization of Ukraine commonly called Ukrainian Plast or simply Plast is the largest Scouting organization in Ukraine.-First Phase: 1911-1920:...
UkrainianUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
Scouting - Mönchehof displaced persons camp, MönchehofMönchehofMönchehof is part of the municipality Espenau in Hessen in Germany. Mönchehof belongs to the Kassel district, not far from Vellmar and the city Kassel. It was the site of a post World War II American sector displaced person camp....
, near KasselKasselKassel is a town located on the Fulda River in northern Hesse, Germany. It is the administrative seat of the Kassel Regierungsbezirk and the Kreis of the same name and has approximately 195,000 inhabitants.- History :...
, had Russian Boy Scout troops - München IRO displaced persons camp, München, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides
- München-Bogenhausen, MunichMunichMunich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
had Russian Boy Scout troops - München - Feldmoching, MunichMunichMunich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
had Russian Boy Scout troops - München - Freiman, MunichMunichMunich The city's motto is "" . Before 2006, it was "Weltstadt mit Herz" . Its native name, , is derived from the Old High German Munichen, meaning "by the monks' place". The city's name derives from the monks of the Benedictine order who founded the city; hence the monk depicted on the city's coat...
had Russian Boy Scout troops - Mühldorf displaced persons camp, MühldorfMühldorfMühldorf am Inn is a town in Bavaria, Germany, and the capital of the district Mühldorf on the river Inn. It is located at , and had a population of about 17,808 in 2005.-History:...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop, Rover Crew and Girl Guides - Neuötting displaced persons camp, NeuöttingNeuöttingNeuötting is a town in the district of Altötting, in Bavaria, Germany. It is situated on the river Inn, 2 km north of Altötting, about 70 km north of Salzburg, 80 southwest of Passau and almost 100 km east of Munich. It is a stop on the railway line between Munich and Simbach.-Townscape:Neuötting...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - NiederraunauNiederraunauNiederraunau is a quarter of the town Krumbach in Günzburg , Swabia, Bavaria, Germany.- Geography :Niederraunau is in the valley of the little river Kammel two kilometres south of...
had Russian Boy Scout troops - Nuremberg displaced persons camp, NurembergNurembergNuremberg[p] is a city in the German state of Bavaria, in the administrative region of Middle Franconia. Situated on the Pegnitz river and the Rhine–Main–Danube Canal, it is located about north of Munich and is Franconia's largest city. The population is 505,664...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Pegnitz UNRRA displaced persons camp, PegnitzPegnitz (city)Pegnitz is a town in the Bayreuth district in Upper Franconia, Bavaria, Germany, with a population of approximately 15,000 inhabitants. It is also the source of the river Pegnitz...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop - PfaffenhofenPfaffenhofen an der IlmPfaffenhofen an der Ilm is a municipality in Bavaria, Germany, capital of the district Pfaffenhofen. It is located on the river Ilm, and had a population of 23,282 in 2004.Composer Ralf Yusuf Gawlick was born here in 1969....
had Russian Boy Scout troops - PurtenPurtenPurten is a municipality in Bavaria in Germany which was the site of a post World War II American sector displaced person camp....
had Russian Boy Scout troops - Regensburg UNRRA displaced persons camp, RegensburgRegensburgRegensburg is a city in Bavaria, Germany, located at the confluence of the Danube and Regen rivers, at the northernmost bend in the Danube. To the east lies the Bavarian Forest. Regensburg is the capital of the Bavarian administrative region Upper Palatinate...
, a camp for Latvian, Ukrainian and Russian displaced persons, had Latvian Scout troopLatvijas Skautu un Gaidu Centrala OrganizacijaLatvijas Skautu un Gaidu Centrālā Organizācija, , the primary national Scouting and Guiding organization of Latvia is a member of both the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts and the World Organization of the Scout Movement...
, Latvian Girl Guides, a troop of Plast Ukrainian Scouting and Russian Boy Scout troops. - Rothenburg displaced persons campRothenburg ob der TauberRothenburg ob der Tauber is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken , the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany, well known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a destination for tourists from around the world. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City...
, RothenburgRothenburg ob der TauberRothenburg ob der Tauber is a town in the district of Ansbach of Mittelfranken , the Franconia region of Bavaria, Germany, well known for its well-preserved medieval old town, a destination for tourists from around the world. In the Middle Ages, it was an Imperial Free City...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides and a Scout troop - Rotwesten had Russian Boy Scout troops
- Schleissheim had Russian Boy Scout troops
- Schwäbisch Gmünd displaced persons camp, Schwäbisch GmündSchwäbisch GmündSchwäbisch Gmünd is a town in the eastern part of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. With a population of around 62,000, the town is the second largest in the Ostalbkreis and the whole region of East Württemberg after Aalen...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Stuttgart UNRRA displaced persons camp, StuttgartStuttgartStuttgart is the capital of the state of Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. The sixth-largest city in Germany, Stuttgart has a population of 600,038 while the metropolitan area has a population of 5.3 million ....
, a camp for Ukrainian, Russian, Jewish, PolishPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
and Czech displaced persons had Boy Scout troops - Traunstein displaced persons camp, TraunsteinTraunsteinTraunstein is a town in the south-eastern part of Bavaria, Germany, and is the administrative center of a district by the same name. It is situated at the heart of a region called Chiemgau, approximately 11 km east of Lake Chiemsee between Munich and Salzburg, 15 km north of the Alps, and...
, a camp for Latvian and Russian displaced persons, had a Latvian Scout troop, Latvian Girl Guides and Russian Scout troops - Ulm displaced persons camp, UlmUlmUlm is a city in the federal German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube. The city, whose population is estimated at 120,000 , forms an urban district of its own and is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district. Ulm, founded around 850, is rich in history and...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop - Wetzlar displaced persons camp, WetzlarWetzlarWetzlar is a city in the state of Hesse, Germany. Located at 8° 30′ E, 50° 34′ N, Wetzlar straddles the river Lahn and is on the German Timber-Framework Road which passes mile upon mile of half-timbered houses. Historically, the city has acted as the hub of the Lahn-Dill-Kreis on the north edge of...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides and a Scout troop - Würzburg IRO displaced persons camp, WürzburgWürzburgWürzburg is a city in the region of Franconia which lies in the northern tip of Bavaria, Germany. Located at the Main River, it is the capital of the Regierungsbezirk Lower Franconia. The regional dialect is Franconian....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides and a Rover Crew - Wiesbaden displaced persons camp, WiesbadenWiesbadenWiesbaden is a city in southwest Germany and the capital of the federal state of Hesse. It has about 275,400 inhabitants, plus approximately 10,000 United States citizens...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop - ZierenbergZierenbergZierenberg is a town in the district of Kassel, in Hesse, Germany. It is located 19 km east of Bad Arolsen, and 15 km northwest of Kassel on the German Framework Road.-External links:*...
had Russian Scout troops
British sector camps
- Altgarge UNRRA displaced persons camp, (near BleckedeBleckedeBleckede is a town in the district of Lüneburg, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated mostly on the left bank of the Elbe, approx. 20 km east of Lüneburg.Bleckede is located on the German Framework Road.-History:...
), a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Augustdorf UNRRA displaced persons camp, AugustdorfAugustdorfAugustdorf is a municipality in the Lippe district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It has an area of 42.21 km² and c. 10,000 inhabitants.-External links:*...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides, a Scout troop and a Rover Crew - Börnsen UNRRA displaced persons camp, BörnsenBörnsenBörnsen is a municipality in the district of Lauenburg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides - Blomberg UNRRA displaced persons camp, Blomberg, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop
- Dedelstorf UNRRA displaced persons camp, DedelstorfDedelstorfDedelstorf is a municipality in the district of Gifhorn, in Lower Saxony, Germany....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Eutin UNRRA displaced persons camp, EutinEutinEutin is the district capital of Eastern Holstein located in the northern German state of Schleswig-Holstein. As of 2005, it had some 17,000 inhabitants....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Flensburg UNRRA displaced persons camp, FlensburgFlensburgFlensburg is an independent town in the north of the German state of Schleswig-Holstein. Flensburg is the centre of the region of Southern Schleswig...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Geesthacht UNRRA displaced persons camp, GeesthachtGeesthachtGeesthacht is the largest city in the District of the Duchy of Lauenburg in Schleswig-Holstein in Northern Germany, 34 km southeast of Hamburg on the right bank of the river Elbe.-History:*Around 800: A church is documented....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Scout troops, a Rover Crew and Girl Guides - Giften UNRRA displaced persons camp, GiftenGiftenGiften, a part of the town of Sarstedt in Germany, is the site of a post World War II British sector displaced person camp.Until March 1, 1974 Giften was an independent municipality.-References:...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Granum UNRRA displaced persons camp, GranumThylakoidA thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Rover Crew and Girl Guides - Greven UNRRA displaced persons camp, GrevenGrevenGreven is a medium-sized town in the district of Steinfurt, in Germany's most populous state of North Rhine-Westphalia and close to the city of Münster.-Geography:Greven is situated on the river Ems, approx...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and a Rover Crew - Hannover UNRRA displaced persons camp, Hannover, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides
- Imbshausen UNRRA displaced persons camp, Imbshausen, a camp for Latvian and Polish displaced persons, a Latvian Girl Guides and Scout Conference took place October 23, 1949 http://www.dpalbums.lv/lat/index.php?action=displaycat&catid=131
- Lübeck UNRRA displaced persons camp, LübeckLübeckThe Hanseatic City of Lübeck is the second-largest city in Schleswig-Holstein, in northern Germany, and one of the major ports of Germany. It was for several centuries the "capital" of the Hanseatic League and, because of its Brick Gothic architectural heritage, is listed by UNESCO as a World...
, had a Latvian Scout troop, a Latvian Rover Crew and Latvian Girl Guides, Polish Rover Crew, provisional committee to organize Scouting among all the Polish boys in Germany and Scouting that was started by a director of an UNRRA assembly team - Naternberg - Deggendorf, had Russian Boy Scout troops
- Neustadt displaced persons camp, NeustadtNeustadt- Germany :* in Baden-Württemberg:** Titisee-Neustadt, a town in the district of Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald* in Bavaria:** Bad Neustadt an der Saale, the capital of the Rhön-Grabfeld district...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop, a Rover Crew and Girl Guides - Oldenburg IRO displaced persons camp, OldenburgOldenburgOldenburg is an independent city in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated in the western part of the state between the cities of Bremen and Groningen, Netherlands, at the Hunte river. It has a population of 160,279 which makes it the fourth biggest city in Lower Saxony after Hanover, Braunschweig...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop and Girl Guides - Pinneberg displaced persons camp, PinnebergPinnebergPinneberg is a town in Schleswig-Holstein, capital of the district Pinneberg in Germany. The town has 42,301 inhabitants. Pinneberg is located 18 km northwest of Hamburg....
, a camp for BalticBaltic statesThe term Baltic states refers to the Baltic territories which gained independence from the Russian Empire in the wake of World War I: primarily the contiguous trio of Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ; Finland also fell within the scope of the term after initially gaining independence in the 1920s.The...
and Polish displaced persons, had Scout troops and Girl Guides - SeedorfSeedorfSeedorf may refer to:*places in Switzerland:**Seedorf, Berne, a municipality in the Canton of Berne**Seedorf, Uri, a municipality in the Canton of Uri**Seedorf, Fribourg, a place in the municipality of Noréaz in the canton of Fribourg...
, a camp for Baltic, Polish, Lithuanian, Ukrainian, Russian and YugoslaviaYugoslaviaYugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
n displaced persons had Boy Scout troops - Sengwarden displaced persons camp, SengwardenSengwardenThe village of Sengwarden lies north of Wilhelmshaven, Germany. The place was documented for the first time in 1168, was the site of a post World War II British sector displaced person camp, and since 1972 has been administratively attached to the city Wilhelmshaven. Previously, the municipality...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop - Wedel displaced persons camp, WedelWedelWedel is a town in the district of Pinneberg, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Elbe, approximately south of Elmshorn, and mile, west of Hamburg.-Foundation and Middle Ages:...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had a Scout troop - Wolterdingen displaced persons camp, WolterdingenWolterdingenWolterdingen is a municipality near Donaueschingen in the southern Black Forest of the Baden-Württemberg federal state in Germany, the site of a post World War II British sector displaced person camp....
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons, had Girl Guides and a Scout troop
Unknown sector camps
- DornstadtDornstadtDornstadt is a town in the district of Alb-Donau in Baden-Württemberg in Germany....
, near UlmUlmUlm is a city in the federal German state of Baden-Württemberg, situated on the River Danube. The city, whose population is estimated at 120,000 , forms an urban district of its own and is the administrative seat of the Alb-Donau district. Ulm, founded around 850, is rich in history and...
, Hashomer HatzairHashomer HatzairHashomer Hatzair is a Socialist–Zionist youth movement founded in 1913 in Galicia, Austria-Hungary, and was also the name of the group's political party in the Yishuv in the pre-1948 British Mandate of Palestine...
was active in the camp - Watenstedt bei Salzgitter displaced persons camp, near SalzgitterSalzgitterSalzgitter is an independent city in southeast Lower Saxony, Germany, located between Hildesheim and Braunschweig. Together with Wolfsburg and Braunschweig, Salzgitter is one of the seven Oberzentren of Lower Saxony...
, a camp for Latvian displaced persons had a Scout troop - WangenWangen im AllgäuWangen im Allgäu is a historic city in southeast Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It lies north-east of Lake Constance in the Westallgäu. It is the second-largest city in the Ravensburg district and is a nexus for the surrounding communities...
had Russian Boy Scout troops
"The Polish Rovers at Lubeck were by no means the only displaced persons who turned to Scouting as the solution to their troubles. The report of the American, Harry K. Eby, on Scouting in the displaced persons' camps of the United States Zone shows that by 1946 seven major nationalities had established Scout Committees and were doing their utmost to supervise the work of their groups throughout the zone and in places beyond it. The program which they drew up, consisting as it did of training courses, conferences, the collection of literature, the publishing of Scout magazines and the passing of tests for badges, was, he notes, comprehensive and of fine quality. At Camp Esslingen, for example, he discovered that 165 Latvian Scouters had drawn up a well-planned program for training Scoutmasters, Scouters and Commissioners, while at Augsburg the Ukrainian Scouts to the number of 728 had celebrated the thirty-fifth anniversary of the founding of Scouting in their country. Russian Scouts of the Greek Orthodox Church had built up "an extensive and long-standing organisation," and the Poles and White Ruthenians in the zone were equally active. These various organizations were fortunate enough to receive a supply of Scout literature from the World Friendship Fund which, among other books, sent several hundred copies of Aids to Scoutmastership. They were much appreciated..."
"Scouting continues among the displaced persons in the French and British Zones in Germany, having followed the same lines as those which have proved so successful in the United States Zone. "Our best effort was quite unintentional," reports the British Governor of a colony of 15,000 Poles housed in eight villages close to Minden. "A few weeks ago I discovered a few Boy Scouts and arranged a meeting for them. We have now got 800 Scouts and about 400 Girl Guides, with a waiting list of as many again. They are as keen as mustard. When I went to a German clothing manufacturer and ordered a thousand Scout uniforms he thought I was mad but he made them."..."
Scouting on camp postage stamps
In the years after World War II, the DP Scouting movement provided a makeshift but quite effective camp postal system using Scout postage stamps
Scouts on Stamps Society International
Since the advent of Scouting in 1907, Scouts have been depicted on the postage stamps of almost every nation during different times of their political development....
like the one illustrated.
- MittenwaldMittenwaldMittenwald is a German municipality in the district of Garmisch-Partenkirchen, in Bavaria.-Geography:Mittenwald is located approx. 16 kilometers to the south-east of Garmisch-Partenkirchen...
-International Conference of Scouts-in-ExileScouts-in-ExileScouts-in-Exteris, also referred to as Scouts-in-Exile, are Scouting and Guiding groups formed outside of their native country as a result of war and changes in governments...
, 34 participants from ArmeniaArmeniaArmenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
, GermanyGermanyGermany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, EstoniaEstoniaEstonia , officially the Republic of Estonia , is a state in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland, to the west by the Baltic Sea, to the south by Latvia , and to the east by Lake Peipsi and the Russian Federation . Across the Baltic Sea lies...
, LatviaLatviaLatvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
, LithuaniaLithuaniaLithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
, PolandPolandPoland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, RussiaRussiaRussia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, UkraineUkraineUkraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
and HungaryHungaryHungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
-stamps issued February 1/2, 1947 (camp post) - Mittenwald-July 5, 1947: one commemorative stampCommemorative stampA commemorative stamp is a postage stamp, often issued on a significant date such as an anniversary, to honor or commemorate a place, event or person. The subject of the commemorative stamp is usually spelled out in print, unlike definitive stamps which normally depict the subject along with the...
commemorating the 35th anniversary of the founding of Plast, showing the membership badgeBadgeA badge is a device or fashion accessory, often containing the insignia of an organization, which is presented or displayed to indicate some feat of service, a special accomplishment, a symbol of authority granted by taking an oath , a sign of legitimate employment or student status, or as a simple...
of Plast Ukrainian Scouting and a second showing a Scout
A Ukrainian Scout Jamboree took place in Mittenwald from July 5 to 7, 1947.
The same design exists for Ukrainian / Scouts Congress / Aschaffenburg
Aschaffenburg
Aschaffenburg is a city in northwest Bavaria, Germany. The town of Aschaffenburg is not considered part of the district of Aschaffenburg, but is the administrative seat.Aschaffenburg is known as the Tor zum Spessart or "gate to the Spessart"...
/ 26. - 29. III. 1948
- In Mönchehof displaced persons camp the Russian Scouts provided postal delivery and issued Scout stamps.
Liechtenstein
In Liechtenstein Scouts helped refugees by collecting donations and food for the refugees. Rover ScoutsRover Scouts
Rover Scouting is a service division of Scouting for young men, and in most countries, women. A group of Rovers, analogous to a Scout troop, is called a 'Crew.'...
and Ranger Guides served in refugee camps.
Prisoner of war camps
German Catholic Scout groups existed in prisoner of war camps
Prisoner-of-war camp
A prisoner-of-war camp is a site for the containment of combatants captured by their enemy in time of war, and is similar to an internment camp which is used for civilian populations. A prisoner of war is generally a soldier, sailor, or airman who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or...
in the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
.
In POW Camp 273 at Debach
Debach
Debach is a small village about 4 miles northwest of Woodbridge, Suffolk, UK. At the time of the Domesday Book it was called Debenbeis or Debeis, Depebecs, Debec or Debes...
Airfield (near Ipswich) existed a German Catholic Scout group from 1946 to 1948. This were the same Scouts as in Fort Devens.
Scout groups including Germans and Austrians existed in several Prisoner of war camps of the western Allies.
Refugee camps in Vichy France
In refugee camps in Vichy France
Vichy France
Vichy France, Vichy Regime, or Vichy Government, are common terms used to describe the government of France that collaborated with the Axis powers from July 1940 to August 1944. This government succeeded the Third Republic and preceded the Provisional Government of the French Republic...
for Belgian refugees were active Scout groups.
Internment camp on Isle of Man
In a internment camp for Germans on the Isle of Man a Scout group was active.
Temporary National Movements in the United Kingdom
The Polish Scout Headquarters moved first to Paris in 1939 and then to London. There were Polish Scout groups in Great Britain during World War II
and afterwards. There were not only Polish, but also French, Czechoslovakian, Yugoslavian and others. They had strong ties to their Governments in Exile.
Kosovo War
Albanian Scouts and Guides worked in refugee camps. Italian Scouts and GuidesScouting in Italy
The Scout Movement in Italy consists of about 40 different associations and federations with about 220,000 Scouts and Guides. Next to Germany, France and Russia, Italy is the country with the most fragmented Scout movement.-History:...
helped in the construction of refugee camps and worked in refugee camps, too. Polish Guides and Scout sent gift parcels to children in refugee camps (Peacepacks).
Austrian Scouts and Guides started a Fundraising campaign and financed two days in the Austrian refugee camp. The campaign had the name "Mein Taschengeld für den Kosovo" (My pocket money for the Kosovo).
North America
Prisoner of war camps
German Catholic Scout groups existed in prisoner of war campsPrisoner-of-war camp
A prisoner-of-war camp is a site for the containment of combatants captured by their enemy in time of war, and is similar to an internment camp which is used for civilian populations. A prisoner of war is generally a soldier, sailor, or airman who is imprisoned by an enemy power during or...
in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Examples include:
A German Catholic Scout group existed from 1945 to 1946 in the POW camp Fort Devens
Fort Devens
Fort Devens is an active United States military installation in the towns of Ayer and Shirley, in Middlesex County and Harvard in Worcester County in the U.S. state of Massachusetts. It was named after jurist and Civil War general Charles Devens. The nearby Devens Reserve Forces Training Area is...
.
Founded by former members of the DPSG, encouraged by the priest Eberhard Droste. The Scouters were Meinrad Much and a German comrade. Much had been a Scout in the DPSG between 1933 and 1936. There were 20 Scouts, aged between 18 and 22.
This group was part of the Catholic camp parish. Another group was the Kolpingfamilie. Together with the Lutheran camp parish and the Kolpingfamilie the Scouts collected money to help Germany and consigned 10,000 dollars to the Caritas
Caritas (charity)
Caritas Internationalis is a confederate of 164 Roman Catholic relief, development and social service organisations operating in over 200 countries and territories worldwide....
. An important day for the Scouts was their Confirmation. It was celebrated by the Archbishop of Boston.
Japanese American internment camps
Boy Scouts of America
The Boy Scouts of America is one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with over 4.5 million youth members in its age-related divisions...
units were at all ten War Relocation Authority
War Relocation Authority
The War Relocation Authority was a United States government agency established to handle internment of Japanese-, German-, and Italian-Americans during World War II...
(WRA) Japanese American internment
Japanese American internment
Japanese-American internment was the relocation and internment by the United States government in 1942 of approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese who lived along the Pacific coast of the United States to camps called "War Relocation Camps," in the wake of Imperial Japan's attack on...
centers during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Girl Scouts of the USA
Girl Scouts of the USA
The Girl Scouts of the United States of America is a youth organization for girls in the United States and American girls living abroad. It describes itself as "the world's preeminent organization dedicated solely to girls". It was founded by Juliette Gordon Low in 1912 and was organized after Low...
units were also at most of these camps. Both Boy Scouts and Girl Scouts were also at many of the camps not run by the WRA. Internees at the Granada War Relocation Center
Granada War Relocation Center
The Granada War Relocation Center was a Japanese American internment camp located in southeast Colorado about a mile west of the small farming community of Granada, south of US 50....
set up a separate Amache District
Scouting in Colorado
Scouting in Colorado has a long history, from the 1910s to the present day, serving thousands of youth in programs that suit the rugged, mountainous environment in which they live.-Early history :Scouting got a brisk start in Colorado...
for Scouts at the camp, after the camp's unofficial name Camp Amache. Camp leaders, internees themselves, set up the system. On December 6, 1942, one of the pro-Japanese internees at Manzanar
Manzanar
Manzanar is most widely known as the site of one of ten camps where over 110,000 Japanese Americans were imprisoned during World War II. Located at the foot of the Sierra Nevada in California's Owens Valley between the towns of Lone Pine to the south and Independence to the north, it is...
started rushing towards the flagpole to tear down the American flag. A group of Japanese American
Japanese American
are American people of Japanese heritage. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group at roughly 1,204,205, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity...
Boy Scouts
Boy Scouts of America
The Boy Scouts of America is one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with over 4.5 million youth members in its age-related divisions...
, surrounded the flagpole and armed themselves with stones the size of baseballs, refusing to allow the flag to be taken down.
Emergency refugee shelter
Between 1944 and 1946 there was an international Boy Scout troop in Oswego, N.Y whose members were young Jewish refugees from Europe. It was Troop 28 of the Boy Scouts of AmericaBoy Scouts of America
The Boy Scouts of America is one of the largest youth organizations in the United States, with over 4.5 million youth members in its age-related divisions...
and its Scoutmaster was Harold D. Clark. There were also a Cub Scout pack and a Girl Scout troop located there.
China
In 1939 the United Rovers were founded by the Austrian Scouter Fredy Mittler in ShanghaiShanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
. This group consisted of Austrian
Austrians
Austrians are a nation and ethnic group, consisting of the population of the Republic of Austria and its historical predecessor states who share a common Austrian culture and Austrian descent....
and German
Germans
The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages....
émigrés. It was affiliated with The Boy Scout Association
The Scout Association
The Scout Association is the World Organization of the Scout Movement recognised Scouting association in the United Kingdom. Scouting began in 1907 through the efforts of Robert Baden-Powell. The Scout Association was formed under its previous name, The Boy Scout Association, in 1910 by the grant...
. At the end of World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
there were 120 members.
India
Refugees from Poland during World War II founded Scout troops, Guide companies, Cub and Brownie packs.Iran
Refugees from Poland during World War II had Scouting activities such as summer camps organized by Polish ScoutersZwiazek Harcerstwa Polskiego
Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego is the coeducational Polish Scouting organization recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement and the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts. It was founded in 1918 and currently is the largest Scouting organization in Poland...
. There were also Scout troops and Guide companies. This groups were part of Związek Harcerstwa Polskiego. They were under the jurisdiction of Z.H.P. National Committee in London.
Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines
Vietnamese people
The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
refugees after the Vietnam War
Vietnam War
The Vietnam War was a Cold War-era military conflict that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. This war followed the First Indochina War and was fought between North Vietnam, supported by its communist allies, and the government of...
(1960–1975), who received support from the UNHCR.
Africa
"In Africa alone the Z.H.P.National Committee in London catered for some 4000 children in 51 Guide companies, 27 Scout troops and 61 Cub Scout and Brownie packs."Northern Rhodesia
Refugees from Poland during World War II founded Scout groups in Northern RhodesiaNorthern Rhodesia
Northern Rhodesia was a territory in south central Africa, formed in 1911. It became independent in 1964 as Zambia.It was initially administered under charter by the British South Africa Company and formed by it in 1911 by amalgamating North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia...
. They worked together with the British Scouts
The Scout Association
The Scout Association is the World Organization of the Scout Movement recognised Scouting association in the United Kingdom. Scouting began in 1907 through the efforts of Robert Baden-Powell. The Scout Association was formed under its previous name, The Boy Scout Association, in 1910 by the grant...
there. For example: "At Lusaka
Lusaka
Lusaka is the capital and largest city of Zambia. It is located in the southern part of the central plateau, at an elevation of about 1,300 metres . It has a population of about 1.7 million . It is a commercial centre as well as the centre of government, and the four main highways of Zambia head...
there were soon 88 Polish Scouts and 102 Guides and brownies."
International events
Estonian ScoutsScouting in Estonia
The Scout and Guide movement in Estonia is served by* Eesti Gaidide Liit, member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts* Eesti Skautide Ühing, member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement...
have been present at every World Scout Jamboree
World Scout Jamboree
The World Scout Jamboree is a Scouting jamboree of the World Organization of the Scout Movement, typically attended by several tens of thousands of Scouts from around the world, aged 14 to 17....
and Rover Moot, although after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, they were compelled to arrive and participate in these events with contingents of other countries. The only exceptions were the World Jamboree at Moisson
Moisson
Moisson is a commune in the Yvelines department in the Île-de-France region in north-central France.-History:On 12 November, 1903, the Lebaudy brothers made a controlled dirigible flight of from Moisson to Paris....
in 1947 in which 36 Estonian DP-Scouts from Germany took part under the Estonian colors; and the Jubilee Jamboree at Sutton Park, England, in 1957, where it was possible for Estonian Scouts to fly their own flag in the camp allotted to the Council of Scout Associations in Exile
Scouts-in-Exile
Scouts-in-Exteris, also referred to as Scouts-in-Exile, are Scouting and Guiding groups formed outside of their native country as a result of war and changes in governments...
.
Hungarian Scouts have been present at the World Jamborees in 1947, 1951, 1955, 1957, 1959, and 1963. In 1951 the Hungarian Scouts were members of the Austrian and German contingents. In 1957 40 Hungarian Scouts were members of the Austrian contingent. The Hungarians were also represented in the camp allotted to Council of Scout Associations in Exile the at the JIM in 1957. The Association of Armenian Scouts
Association of Armenian Scouts
The Association of Armenian Scouts was the Armenian Scouting in Exile movement recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement. In 1929 the Association of Armenian Scouts, centered in Paris, was given recognition as a member of the International Conference...
have been present at many international Scouting events, including World Jamborees and Rover Moots.
In 1947 at 6th World Jamboree Latvian DP-Scouts from Germany took part under the Latvian colors.
Ukrainian DP-Scouts from Germany also took part in the "Jamboree la Paix" at Moisson in 1947.
In the Jamboree map printed in the Jamboree newspaper of 6 August 1947 there is a Contingent of "Displaced Persons" listed.
In the 7th World Jamboree in 1951 Scouts-in-Exile and DP-Scouts from Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
, Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
and Lithuania
Lithuania
Lithuania , officially the Republic of Lithuania is a country in Northern Europe, the biggest of the three Baltic states. It is situated along the southeastern shore of the Baltic Sea, whereby to the west lie Sweden and Denmark...
participated as part of the German contingent. Russian Scouts-in-Exile also attended as a separate group. Scouts-in-Exile from Russia, Lithuania, Latvia and Hungary stayed at Subcamp 4 "Niederösterreich". A Displaced Persons Troop stayed at Subcamp 6 "Steiermark.".
At the 9th World Scout Jamboree
9th World Scout Jamboree
The 9th World Scout Jamboree, also known as the Jubilee Jamboree, was held at Sutton Park, Birmingham, England, for twelve days during August, 1957. The Jamboree marked dual milestones as it was both the 50th anniversary of the Scouting movement since its inception at Brownsea Island and the 100th...
the Council of Scout Associations in Exile, ZHP-in exile and the Association of Armenian Scouts were represented. The Council of Scout Associations in Exile camped at Subcamp Copenhangen and included Scouts-in-exile from Hungary, Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Ukraine.
First International Boy Scout Rally in Mittenwald
From July 24 to 28, 1948 2,500 Scouts from Germany, DP-Scouts from Germany and Scouts from other countries gathered together. The Bund Deutscher Pfadfinder Bayern organized the event.International Scouter Association
The International Scouter Association was founded during a Scout conference in March 1947 in Mittenwald. The founders were German and Scouts-in-exile. The seat was in Munich.D.P. Scout Division of the Boy Scouts International Bureau
At the 11th International Conference in Chateau der Rosny in France the resolution 14/47 was drafted and approved. So the D.P.Scout Division came into existence. D.P.Scout Division of the Boy Scouts International Bureau was active in Austria, Northern Italy and West Germany. The DP Scouts were registered as Scouts by the International Bureau, but had no right to vote in the International Conference. So from 1947 to 1950 DP Scouts were not Non-aligned Scouting organizations.Leader of the Division was Jean R.Monnet, a British leader who had been involved in Scouts' International Relief Service. The office of the Division was in Frankfurt am Main.
Since the resolution 14/47 was drafted it was clear that no "National Movements on Foreign Soil" would be registered by the Boy Scouts International Bureau. Scouts-in-Exile outside the camps should join the National Scout organisation of their country of residence.
After the German and Austrian Scouts became registered as members of Boy Scouts International Bureau in 1950 and 1946 the Scouts in displaced persons camps should join the National Scout organisation of this countries. So the D.P.Scout Division of the Boy Scouts International Bureau was closed down as of June 30, 1950.
World Association Training
The World Association Training scheme was a Guiding activity after World War II. Mona BurginMona Burgin
Annie Mona Burgin MBE , usually known as Mona Burgin, was a teacher and active in the Girl Guiding movement. She is principally known for her role training adults....
was the leader of the first team briefed to find and support Guides living in displaced persons' camps. After the team's first tour of duty, General Sir Evelyn Fanshawe
Evelyn Fanshawe
Sir Evelyn Dalrymple Fanshawe CB, CBE was a British Major General and the Director of the International Refugee Organisation in the British Zone of Germany from 1948-1952....
, at that time in charge of the U.N. relief operation in the then British Zone of Germany, "remarked that, in his opinion, Scouting and Guiding were the most rehabilitative factors at work in the camps at that time." Elizabeth Hartley
Elizabeth Hartley
Elizabeth Hartley OBE was active in the Girl Guiding movement both in the United Kingdom and internationally.Hartley joined the Guiding movement as a Guider in 1925. She was a Guider-in-Charge at Foxlease and also held numerous committee positions at a national level within the Girl Guide...
followed Burgin as leader of the team.
Scouts' International Relief Service and Guide International Service (GIS)
The Scouts' International Relief Service was active in refugee and displaced persons' camps in Northwest Europe, ItalyItaly
Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
, Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia
Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
, Greece
Greece
Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....
, Cyprus
Cyprus
Cyprus , officially the Republic of Cyprus , is a Eurasian island country, member of the European Union, in the Eastern Mediterranean, east of Greece, south of Turkey, west of Syria and north of Egypt. It is the third largest island in the Mediterranean Sea.The earliest known human activity on the...
, Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
, Palestine
Palestine
Palestine is a conventional name, among others, used to describe the geographic region between the Mediterranean Sea and the Jordan River, and various adjoining lands....
, Egypt
Egypt
Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
and Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
.
"The GIS was one of the approved organisations to provide teams to work with displaced persons and refugees under the umbrella of the British Red Cross, the British Army and the United Nations relief and rehabilitation administration. From 1945 teams of women were formed to undertake medical, catering and canteen duties, establishing feeding schemes in camps; providing hospital equipment, medical supplies and disease control, as well as food and general relief supplies, saving thousands of lives. In 1947 repatriation and emigration schemes were established. 1951 brought the inauguration of education, adoption and parcels schemes. The service was disbanded in 1952 with any remaining funds being distributed to further assist displaced persons.".
DPs and Scouting/Guiding today
Scouting and GuidingGirl Guides
A Guide, Girl Guide or Girl Scout is a member of a section of some Guiding organisations who is between the ages of 10 and 14. Age limits are different in each organisation. It is the female-centred equivalent of the Scouts. The term Girl Scout is used in the United States and several East Asian...
maintain work for and with displaced persons today, as with the work of World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts
The World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts is a global association supporting the female-oriented and female-only Scouting organizations in 145 countries. It was established in 1928 and has its headquarters in London, England. It is the counterpart of the World Organization of the Scout...
with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees , also known as The UN Refugee Agency is a United Nations agency mandated to protect and support refugees at the request of a government or the UN itself and assists in their voluntary repatriation, local integration or resettlement to...
.
- Scouting and DPs in the Great Lakes Region of Africa.
- "The Uganda Scouts will be running a project to train 40 Peer Educators in Abstinence and Being faithful among the Youth (ABY) in HIV prevention. This will run in five Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) camps in Gulu District. They will also conduct a refresher workshop for 30 Scout trainers in Gulu with emphasis on Scout leaders in the IDP camps."
- "Africa: Using the Girl Guide method to teach adolescent refugees about health issues and to train them as peer educators."
- "Sudan - Since the Darfur Crisis began in July 2003, Scouts in Sudan have been managing camps for Internally Displaced Persons, distributing food and relief and raising awareness of health issues."
- Saharan Scouts are also purported to exist in the refugee camps of Tindouf, Algeria.(see Scouting in Western Sahara)
- Refugees and Internally Displaced People.
See also
- Norman MinetaNorman MinetaNorman Yoshio Mineta, is a United States politician of the Democratic Party. Mineta most recently served in President George W. Bush's Cabinet as the United States Secretary of Transportation, the only Democratic Cabinet Secretary in the Bush administration...
- MuryMuryThis article is about the Second World War Polish Scouting organisation. For article about the song, see Mury .Mury was a clandestine Girl Scouts group organized by young Polish women who were political prisoners in the concentration camp in Ravensbrück...
- a clandestine Girl Scout group in the concentration camp at Ravensbrück - Boy Scouts of the United NationsBoy Scouts of the United NationsThe Boy Scouts of the United Nations existed from 1945 through perhaps the early 1980s as the Scouting association serving the families of diplomats and staff of the United Nations, active in both Geneva and at Parkway Village in New York...
- Scouts-in-ExileScouts-in-ExileScouts-in-Exteris, also referred to as Scouts-in-Exile, are Scouting and Guiding groups formed outside of their native country as a result of war and changes in governments...
- World Friendship FundWorld Friendship FundThe World Friendship Fund is a major endowment fund of the Boy Scouts of America developed during the closing days of World War II, the answer of Scouting to the Marshall Plan, to rebuild Scouting in nations that had been wracked by war....
External links
- An Official History of Scouting
- Scouts in Exile stamp issues-Contains some information about Scouting in DP camps
- This site contains a lot of photos of Latvian Scouts and Guides in DP camps in Germany
- Latvian Scouting and Guiding in DP camps photos sorted alphabetically by camp
- Sig Kagawa's experience during World War II and how it brought him to Scouting
- World War II in Texas: Japanese internment
- Guide International Service