Sea-lavender
Encyclopedia
Limonium is a genus of 120 flower
species. Members are also known as Sea Lavender, Statice, or Marsh-rosemary. Limonium is in Plumbaginaceae
, the plumbago or leadwort family. Despite their common names, species are not related to the lavender
s or to rosemary
.
The genus has a subcosmopolitan
distribution in Europe
, Asia
, Africa
, Australia
and North America
. By far the greatest diversity (over 100 species) is in the area stretching from Canary Islands
east through the Mediterranean region to central Asia; for comparison, North America only has 3 native species .
Sea-lavenders normally grow as herbaceous
perennial plant
s, growing 10-70 cm tall from a rhizome
; a few (mainly from the Canary Islands) are wood
y shrub
s up to 2 m tall. Many species flourish in saline soils, and are therefore common near coast
s and in salt marsh
es, and also on saline, gypsum
and alkaline soils in continental interiors.
The leaves
are simple, entire to lobed, and from 1-30 cm long and 0.5-10 cm broad; most of the leaves are produced in a dense basal rosette, with the flowering stems bearing only small brown scale-leaves (bract
s). The flower
s are produced on a branched panicle
or corymb, the individual flowers small (4-10 mm long) with a five-lobed calyx and corolla, and five stamen
s; the flower colour is pink, violet to purple in most species, white or yellow in a few. Many of the species are apomictic
. The fruit
is a small capsule
containing a single seed
, partly enclosed by the persistent calyx.
Several species are popular garden
flowers; they are generally known to gardeners as statices. They are grown both for their flowers, and for the appearance of the calyx, which remains on the plant after the true flowers have fallen, and are known as "everlasting flowers".
species with a very restricted range. Species not given a common name here are generally referred to simply as "Sea-lavender", "Statice" or "Marsh-rosemary".
Some species formerly included in Limonium, e.g. L. tataricum, have now been transferred to the separate genus Goniolimon.
Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs...
species. Members are also known as Sea Lavender, Statice, or Marsh-rosemary. Limonium is in Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae
Plumbaginaceae is a family of flowering plants, with a cosmopolitan distribution. The family is sometimes referred to as the leadwort family or the plumbago family....
, the plumbago or leadwort family. Despite their common names, species are not related to the lavender
Lavender
The lavenders are a genus of 39 species of flowering plants in the mint family, Lamiaceae. An Old World genus, distributed from Macaronesia across Africa, the Mediterranean, South-West Asia, Arabia, Western Iran and South-East India...
s or to rosemary
Rosemary
Rosemary, , is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant, evergreen, needle-like leaves and white, pink, purple or blue flowers, native to the Mediterranean region. It is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae, which includes many other herbs, and is one of two species in the genus Rosmarinus...
.
The genus has a subcosmopolitan
Cosmopolitan distribution
In biogeography, a taxon is said to have a cosmopolitan distribution if its range extends across all or most of the world in appropriate habitats. For instance, the killer whale has a cosmopolitan distribution, extending over most of the world's oceans. Other examples include humans, the lichen...
distribution in Europe
Europe
Europe is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, Asia
Asia
Asia is the world's largest and most populous continent, located primarily in the eastern and northern hemispheres. It covers 8.7% of the Earth's total surface area and with approximately 3.879 billion people, it hosts 60% of the world's current human population...
, Africa
Africa
Africa is the world's second largest and second most populous continent, after Asia. At about 30.2 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of the Earth's total surface area and 20.4% of the total land area...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and North America
North America
North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
. By far the greatest diversity (over 100 species) is in the area stretching from Canary Islands
Canary Islands
The Canary Islands , also known as the Canaries , is a Spanish archipelago located just off the northwest coast of mainland Africa, 100 km west of the border between Morocco and the Western Sahara. The Canaries are a Spanish autonomous community and an outermost region of the European Union...
east through the Mediterranean region to central Asia; for comparison, North America only has 3 native species .
Sea-lavenders normally grow as herbaceous
Herbaceous
A herbaceous plant is a plant that has leaves and stems that die down at the end of the growing season to the soil level. They have no persistent woody stem above ground...
perennial plant
Perennial plant
A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives for more than two years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter lived annuals and biennials. The term is sometimes misused by commercial gardeners or horticulturalists to describe only herbaceous perennials...
s, growing 10-70 cm tall from a rhizome
Rhizome
In botany and dendrology, a rhizome is a characteristically horizontal stem of a plant that is usually found underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes...
; a few (mainly from the Canary Islands) are wood
Wood
Wood is a hard, fibrous tissue found in many trees. It has been used for hundreds of thousands of years for both fuel and as a construction material. It is an organic material, a natural composite of cellulose fibers embedded in a matrix of lignin which resists compression...
y shrub
Shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s up to 2 m tall. Many species flourish in saline soils, and are therefore common near coast
Coast
A coastline or seashore is the area where land meets the sea or ocean. A precise line that can be called a coastline cannot be determined due to the dynamic nature of tides. The term "coastal zone" can be used instead, which is a spatial zone where interaction of the sea and land processes occurs...
s and in salt marsh
Salt marsh
A salt marsh is an environment in the upper coastal intertidal zone between land and salt water or brackish water, it is dominated by dense stands of halophytic plants such as herbs, grasses, or low shrubs. These plants are terrestrial in origin and are essential to the stability of the salt marsh...
es, and also on saline, gypsum
Gypsum
Gypsum is a very soft sulfate mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4·2H2O. It is found in alabaster, a decorative stone used in Ancient Egypt. It is the second softest mineral on the Mohs Hardness Scale...
and alkaline soils in continental interiors.
The leaves
Leaf
A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....
are simple, entire to lobed, and from 1-30 cm long and 0.5-10 cm broad; most of the leaves are produced in a dense basal rosette, with the flowering stems bearing only small brown scale-leaves (bract
Bract
In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis, or cone scale. Bracts are often different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of a different color, shape, or texture...
s). The flower
Flower
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs...
s are produced on a branched panicle
Panicle
A panicle is a compound raceme, a loose, much-branched indeterminate inflorescence with pedicellate flowers attached along the secondary branches; in other words, a branched cluster of flowers in which the branches are racemes....
or corymb, the individual flowers small (4-10 mm long) with a five-lobed calyx and corolla, and five stamen
Stamen
The stamen is the pollen producing reproductive organ of a flower...
s; the flower colour is pink, violet to purple in most species, white or yellow in a few. Many of the species are apomictic
Apomixis
In botany, apomixis was defined by Winkler as replacement of the normal sexual reproduction by asexual reproduction, without fertilization. This definition notably does not mention meiosis...
. The fruit
Fruit
In broad terms, a fruit is a structure of a plant that contains its seeds.The term has different meanings dependent on context. In non-technical usage, such as food preparation, fruit normally means the fleshy seed-associated structures of certain plants that are sweet and edible in the raw state,...
is a small capsule
Capsule (fruit)
In botany a capsule is a type of simple, dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. A capsule is a structure composed of two or more carpels that in most cases is dehiscent, i.e. at maturity, it splits apart to release the seeds within. A few capsules are indehiscent, for example...
containing a single seed
Seed
A seed is a small embryonic plant enclosed in a covering called the seed coat, usually with some stored food. It is the product of the ripened ovule of gymnosperm and angiosperm plants which occurs after fertilization and some growth within the mother plant...
, partly enclosed by the persistent calyx.
Several species are popular garden
Gardening
Gardening is the practice of growing and cultivating plants. Ornamental plants are normally grown for their flowers, foliage, or overall appearance; useful plants are grown for consumption , for their dyes, or for medicinal or cosmetic use...
flowers; they are generally known to gardeners as statices. They are grown both for their flowers, and for the appearance of the calyx, which remains on the plant after the true flowers have fallen, and are known as "everlasting flowers".
Species
There are between 120-150 species in the genus, many of them local endemicEndemic (ecology)
Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, all species of lemur are endemic to the...
species with a very restricted range. Species not given a common name here are generally referred to simply as "Sea-lavender", "Statice" or "Marsh-rosemary".
- Limonium aragonense (MonegrosMonegrosLos Monegros is a comarca in Aragon, Spain. It is located within the provinces of Zaragoza and Huesca. The area is prone to chronic droughts, and much of the area is badlands....
, endemic) - Limonium arborescensLimonium arborescensLimonium arborescens is a species of sea lavender known by the common name tree limonium and siempreviva. It is endemic to the Canary Islands, where it is a plant of coastal habitat.-Description:...
(Tree Limonium; TenerifeTenerifeTenerife is the largest and most populous island of the seven Canary Islands, it is also the most populated island of Spain, with a land area of 2,034.38 km² and 906,854 inhabitants, 43% of the total population of the Canary Islands. About five million tourists visit Tenerife each year, the...
, endemic) - Limonium aureum (central Asia: SiberiaSiberiaSiberia is an extensive region constituting almost all of Northern Asia. Comprising the central and eastern portion of the Russian Federation, it was part of the Soviet Union from its beginning, as its predecessor states, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, conquered it during the 16th...
, MongoliaMongoliaMongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
, northwest ChinaChinaChinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
) - Limonium auriculaeursifolium (Alderney Sea-lavender; southwest EuropeEuropeEurope is, by convention, one of the world's seven continents. Comprising the westernmost peninsula of Eurasia, Europe is generally 'divided' from Asia to its east by the watershed divides of the Ural and Caucasus Mountains, the Ural River, the Caspian and Black Seas, and the waterways connecting...
, northwest Africa) - Limonium australeLimonium australeLimonium australe is a species of sea lavender known by the common name Native Sea Lavender. It is native to the Australia, where it is known to inhabit saltmarshes and mud flats along the eastern coast from northern Tasmania to Mackay in Queensland....
(AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
) - Limonium bellidifolium (Matted Sea-lavender; Europe, southwest Asia)
- Limonium bicolor (Mongolia, northwest China)
- Limonium binervosumLimonium binervosumLimonium binervosum, commonly known as the Rock Sea Lavender, is an aggregate species in the family Plumbaginaceae.Despite the common name, Rock Sea Lavender is not related to the lavenders or to rosemary but is a perennial herb with small violet-blue flowers with five petals in clusters..Eight...
(Rock Sea-lavender; western Europe) - Limonium bourgaei (LanzaroteLanzaroteLanzarote , a Spanish island, is the easternmost of the autonomous Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean, approximately 125 km off the coast of Africa and 1,000 km from the Iberian Peninsula. Covering 845.9 km2, it stands as the fourth largest of the islands...
, endemic) - Limonium brassicifolium (Canary Islands)
- Limonium caesium (western Mediterranean)
- Limonium californicumLimonium californicumLimonium californicum is a species of sea lavender known by the common names western marsh rosemary and California sea lavender....
(California Sea-lavender; western North AmericaNorth AmericaNorth America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...
, OregonOregonOregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It is located on the Pacific coast, with Washington to the north, California to the south, Nevada on the southeast and Idaho to the east. The Columbia and Snake rivers delineate much of Oregon's northern and eastern...
to Baja CaliforniaBaja CaliforniaBaja California officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Baja California is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is both the northernmost and westernmost state of Mexico. Before becoming a state in 1953, the area was known as the North...
) - Limonium callianthum (western China: XinjiangXinjiangXinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
) - Limonium cancelatum (eastern Mediterranean croatiaCroatiaCroatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
) - Limonium carolinianum (Carolina Sea-lavender; eastern North America, Newfoundland to BermudaBermudaBermuda is a British overseas territory in the North Atlantic Ocean. Located off the east coast of the United States, its nearest landmass is Cape Hatteras, North Carolina, about to the west-northwest. It is about south of Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, and northeast of Miami, Florida...
, FloridaFloridaFlorida is a state in the southeastern United States, located on the nation's Atlantic and Gulf coasts. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia and to the east by the Atlantic Ocean. With a population of 18,801,310 as measured by the 2010 census, it...
and TamaulipasTamaulipasTamaulipas officially Estado Libre y Soberano de Tamaulipas is one of the 31 states which, with the Federal District, comprise the 32 Federal Entities of Mexico. It is divided in 43 municipalities and its capital city is Ciudad Victoria. The capital city was named after Guadalupe Victoria, the...
; syn. L. angustatum, L. nashii) - Limonium caspium (central Europe east to central Asia)
- Limonium chrysocomum (central Asia)
- Limonium confusum (western Mediterranean)
- Limonium congestum (central Asia)
- Limonium coralloides (central Asia)
- Limonium cordatum (central Mediterranean)
- Limonium cosyrense (eastern Mediterranean)
- Limonium delicatulum (western Mediterranean)
- Limonium dichroanthum (central Asia)
- Limonium dielsianum (western China: GansuGansu' is a province located in the northwest of the People's Republic of China.It lies between the Tibetan and Huangtu plateaus, and borders Mongolia, Inner Mongolia, and Ningxia to the north, Xinjiang and Qinghai to the west, Sichuan to the south, and Shaanxi to the east...
, QinghaiQinghaiQinghai ; Oirat Mongolian: ; ; Salar:) is a province of the People's Republic of China, named after Qinghai Lake...
) - Limonium dregeanum (Natal Statice; South AfricaSouth AfricaThe Republic of South Africa is a country in southern Africa. Located at the southern tip of Africa, it is divided into nine provinces, with of coastline on the Atlantic and Indian oceans...
) - Limonium echioides (Mediterranean)
- Limonium emarginatum (southern SpainSpainSpain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
) - Limonium ferulaceum (western Mediterranean)
- Limonium flexuosum (central Asia)
- Limonium franchetii (east coastal China)
- Limonium fruticans (Tenerife, endemic)
- Limonium gmelinii (eastern Europe, northern Asia, Siberia)
- Limonium gougetianum (western Mediterranean)
- Limonium humile (Lax-flowered Sea-lavender; northwest Europe)
- Limonium imbricatum (Tenerife, endemic)
- Limonium insigne (southeast Spain, endemic)
- Limonium kaschgaricum (central Asia)
- Limonium iranicum (Iran)
- Limonium lacostei (western China, TibetTibetTibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people...
, KashmirKashmirKashmir is the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. Until the mid-19th century, the term Kashmir geographically denoted only the valley between the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal mountain range...
) - Limonium latifolium (German Statice; central and southeast Europe)
- Limonium leptolobum (central Asia)
- Limonium leptostachyum (Statice; central Asia)
- Limonium lilacinum (central Turkey, endemic)
- Limonium limbatum (Transpecos Sea-lavender; interior southwest United States)
- Limonium macrophyllum (Tenerife)
- Limonium macropterum (Canary Islands)
- Limonium macrorhabdos (LadakhLadakhLadakh is a region of Jammu and Kashmir, the northernmost state of the Republic of India. It lies between the Kunlun mountain range in the north and the main Great Himalayas to the south, inhabited by people of Indo-Aryan and Tibetan descent...
) - Limonium minutum (southeast FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, endemic) - Limonium mouretii (MoroccoMoroccoMorocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
) - Limonium myrianthum (central Asia)
- Limonium ornatum (Morocco)
- Limonium otolepis (Saltmarsh Sea-lavender; southwest and central Asia)
- Limonium paradoxum (Great BritainGreat BritainGreat Britain or Britain is an island situated to the northwest of Continental Europe. It is the ninth largest island in the world, and the largest European island, as well as the largest of the British Isles...
, IrelandIrelandIreland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...
, endemic) - Limonium paulayanumLimonium paulayanumLimonium paulayanum is a species of plant in the Plumbaginaceae family. It is endemic to Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and rocky areas.-References:* Miller, A. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 August 2007....
(YemenYemenThe Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
, endemic) - Limonium pectinatum (Canary Islands)
- Limonium peregrinum (South Africa)
- Limonium pereziiLimonium pereziiLimonium perezii is a species of sea lavender known by the common name Perez's sea lavender. It is native to the Canary Islands, where it is a plant of coastal habitat.-Description:This is a tough perennial herb growing from a woody rhizome...
(Perez's Sea-lavender; Canary Islands)
- Limonium potaninii (western China: SichuanSichuan' , known formerly in the West by its postal map spellings of Szechwan or Szechuan is a province in Southwest China with its capital in Chengdu...
, Qinghai, Gansu) - Limonium preauxii (Canary Islands)
- Limonium puberulum (Canary Islands)
- Limonium ramosissimumLimonium ramosissimumLimonium ramosissimum, Algerian sealavender is a species of Limonium , native to the mediterranean, which has escaped cultivation and become an invasive species in salt marshes of California-Ecological characteristics:...
(Mediterranean) - Limonium reniforme (Kidneyleaf Sea-lavender; IranIranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
) - Limonium rezniczenkoanum (central Asia)
- Limonium sieberi (eastern Mediterranean)
- Limonium sinense (eastern Asia coasts: China, Ryukyu IslandsRyukyu IslandsThe , also known as the , is a chain of islands in the western Pacific, on the eastern limit of the East China Sea and to the southwest of the island of Kyushu in Japan. From about 1829 until the mid 20th century, they were alternately called Luchu, Loochoo, or Lewchew, akin to the Mandarin...
, VietnamVietnamVietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...
) - Limonium sinuatumLimonium sinuatumLimonium sinuatum, commonly known as wavyleaf sea-lavender, is a Mediterranean plant species in the family Plumbaginaceae. It is occasionally seen on the California coast where it is an introduced species and landscaping escapee.-Description:...
(Wavyleaf Sea-lavender; Mediterranean) - Limonium sokotranumLimonium sokotranumLimonium sokotranum is a species of plant in the Plumbaginaceae family. It is endemic to Yemen. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical dry shrubland and rocky areas.-References:* Miller, A. 2004. . Downloaded on 22 August 2007....
(YemenYemenThe Republic of Yemen , commonly known as Yemen , is a country located in the Middle East, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, and Oman to the east....
, endemic) - Limonium solanderiLimonium solanderiLimonium solanderi is a species of sea lavender commonly known as Native Sea Lavender. It is native to the Australia, where it is known to inhabit saltmarshes and estuaries along the eastern coast from Brisbane to Townsville in Queensland....
(AustraliaAustraliaAustralia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
) - Limonium spathulatum (Mediterranean)
- Limonium spectabile (Canary islands)
- Limonium strictissimumLimonium strictissimumLimonium strictissimum is a species of plant in the Plumbaginaceae family. It is found in France and Italy. Its natural habitat is Mediterranean-type shrubby vegetation. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
(Mediterranean: FranceFranceThe French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, ItalyItalyItaly , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
) - Limonium suffruticosum (western and central Asia)
- Limonium tenellum (Mongolia, northwest China)
- Limonium tetragonum (Autumn Statice or Square-stem Statice; eastern Asia south to New CaledoniaNew CaledoniaNew Caledonia is a special collectivity of France located in the southwest Pacific Ocean, east of Australia and about from Metropolitan France. The archipelago, part of the Melanesia subregion, includes the main island of Grande Terre, the Loyalty Islands, the Belep archipelago, the Isle of...
) - Limonium thouinii (Mediterranean)
- Limonium tomentellum (Black SeaBlack SeaThe Black Sea is bounded by Europe, Anatolia and the Caucasus and is ultimately connected to the Atlantic Ocean via the Mediterranean and the Aegean seas and various straits. The Bosphorus strait connects it to the Sea of Marmara, and the strait of the Dardanelles connects that sea to the Aegean...
region) - Limonium virgatum (western Mediterranean)
- Limonium vulgare (Common Sea-lavender; western Europe, northwest Africa)
- Limonium wrightii (JapanJapanJapan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
, TaiwanTaiwanTaiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
)
Some species formerly included in Limonium, e.g. L. tataricum, have now been transferred to the separate genus Goniolimon.