Sheksninsky District
Encyclopedia
Sheksninsky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-six
in Vologda Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sheksninsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast
and borders with Kirillovsky District
in the north, Vologodsky District
in the east, Poshekhonsky District
of Yaroslavl Oblast
in the south, and Cherepovetsky District
in the west. The area of the district is 2500 square kilometres (965.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban type settlement of Sheksna. District's population: 36,007 (2002 Census
); Population of Sheksna accounts for 60.0% of the district's population.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the east of the current area of the district was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
. In 1780, Arkhangelogorod Governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
, and in 1796 the latter was split into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Governorates. What is now Sheksninsky District was then part of Vologodsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
.
On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai
, and the uyezds were abolished. Instead, Chyobsarsky District with the administrative center in the railway station of Chyobsara (currently the urban-type settlement of Chyobsara
) was established as part of Vologda Okrug. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Chyobsarsky District remained in Vologda Oblast.
The western part of the area was in 1708 included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate
). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate
split off. The area became part of Ustyuzhensky Uyezd of Belozersk Oblast of Novgorod Governorate. In 1776, the area was transferred to Novgorod Viceroyalty. In 1777, Cherepovetsky Uyezd was established, and the area was transferred to it. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished, and the area was transferred to Novgorod Governorate. Cherepovetsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Ustyuzhensky Uyezd. However, in 1802 Cherepovetsky Uyezd was reestablished.
In June 1918, five uyezds of the Novgorod Governorate, including Cherepovetsky Uyezd, were split off to form Cherepovets Governorate
, with the administrative center in Cherepovets
. On August 1, 1927 Cherepovets Governorate was abolished, and its area became Cherepovets Okrug of Leningrad Oblast
. Simultaneously, uyezds were abolished, and Prisheksninsky District with the center of Nikolskoye (currently Sheksna) was established. On September 23, 1937 Prisheksninsky District was transferred to newly established Vologda Oblast.
In 1954 the selo of Nikolskoye, the center of Prisheksninsky District, obtained the status of urban-type settlement and was remained into Sheksna. In 1959, Prisheksninsky District was abolished and merged with Chyobsarsky District. On December 13, 1962 Chyobsarsky District was abolished as well. Its area was split between Vologodsky and Cherepovetsky Districts. This was a part of later aborted Khrushchyov administrative reform.
On January 12, 1965 Sheksninsky District with the administrative center in Sheksna was established.
, with the western (right-bank) part being considerably smaller than the eastern (left-bank) one. The Sheksna is turner into the Sheksna Reservoir
upstream of the settlement of Sheksna, and downstream of Sheksna it flows in its natural course. The major part of the district belongs to the river basin of the Sheksna, with the exception of its southeastern corner, which is divided between the river basins of the Sogozha
and the Vologda
. As the Vologda belongs to the river basin of the Northern Dvina, and both the Sheksna and the Sogozha belong to the river basin of the Volga
, the district is crossed by the divide between the basins of the White
and the Caspian Sea
s.
The area of the district is flat, with large areas allocated for agriculture. The rest of the area is covered by woods.
to Cherepovets
and Saint Petersburg
, crosses the district from the east to the west, passing Sheksna. There are also local roads.
The railroad connecting Vologda with Cherepovets and Saint Petersburg also crosses the district from the east to the west. Both Sheksna and Chyobsara
have railway stations.
The Sheksna is navigable within the district and is a part of Volga–Baltic Waterway (formerly known as the Mariinsk Canal System), which connects the Rybinsk Reservoir
in the river basin of the Volga
and Lake Onega
in the river basin of the Neva
.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-six
Administrative divisions of Vologda Oblast
Administratively, Vologda Oblast is divided into four cities and towns of oblast significance and twenty-six districts.In terms of the area, the biggest administrative district is Vytegorsky District ....
in Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sheksninsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Kirillovsky District
Kirillovsky District
Kirillovsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kirillovsky Municipal District...
in the north, Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Vologodsky Municipal District...
in the east, Poshekhonsky District
Poshekhonsky District
Poshekhonsky District is an administrative district , one of the 17 in Yaroslavl Oblast, Russia....
of Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast
Yaroslavl Oblast is a federal subject of Russia , which is located in the Central Federal District, surrounded by Tver, Moscow, Ivanovo, Vladimir, Kostroma, and Vologda Oblasts. This geographic location affords the oblast the advantages of proximity to Moscow and St. Petersburg...
in the south, and Cherepovetsky District
Cherepovetsky District
Cherepovetsky District is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 26 in Vologda Oblast, Russia....
in the west. The area of the district is 2500 square kilometres (965.3 sq mi). Its administrative center is the urban type settlement of Sheksna. District's population: 36,007 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
); Population of Sheksna accounts for 60.0% of the district's population.
History
The Sheksna was always one of the main waterways connecting central Russia with Lake Onega and with the Northern Dvina. The selo of Nikolskoye, currently the settlement of Sheksna, was known since 1590.In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the east of the current area of the district was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. In 1780, Arkhangelogorod Governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
, and in 1796 the latter was split into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Governorates. What is now Sheksninsky District was then part of Vologodsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
.
On July 15, 1929, several governorates, including Vologda Governorate, were merged into Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
, and the uyezds were abolished. Instead, Chyobsarsky District with the administrative center in the railway station of Chyobsara (currently the urban-type settlement of Chyobsara
Chyobsara
Chyobsara is an urban locality in Sheksninsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located from Vologda. Municipally, it is incorporated as Chyobsarskoye Urban Settlement, one of the two urban settlements in the district. Population: -History:The settlement was founded as a railway station in 1898...
) was established as part of Vologda Okrug. In 1936, Northern Krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Chyobsarsky District remained in Vologda Oblast.
The western part of the area was in 1708 included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate , or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1708–1927....
). In 1727, separate Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate
Novgorod Governorate , or Government of Novgorod, was a governorate of the Russian Empire.The governorate was established in 1727 from Belozersk, Novgorod, Pskov, Tver, and Velikiye Luki Provinces of the St. Petersburg Governorate and existed until 1927, when its territory was included into...
split off. The area became part of Ustyuzhensky Uyezd of Belozersk Oblast of Novgorod Governorate. In 1776, the area was transferred to Novgorod Viceroyalty. In 1777, Cherepovetsky Uyezd was established, and the area was transferred to it. In 1796, the viceroyalty was abolished, and the area was transferred to Novgorod Governorate. Cherepovetsky Uyezd was abolished and merged into Ustyuzhensky Uyezd. However, in 1802 Cherepovetsky Uyezd was reestablished.
In June 1918, five uyezds of the Novgorod Governorate, including Cherepovetsky Uyezd, were split off to form Cherepovets Governorate
Cherepovets Governorate
Cherepovets Governorate was a governorate of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1918 to 1927. Its seat was in the city of Cherepovets...
, with the administrative center in Cherepovets
Cherepovets
Cherepovets is the largest city in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Rybinsk Reservoir of the Sheksna River, a tributary of the Volga River. Population: 311,869 ; It is served by Cherepovets Airport.-Location:...
. On August 1, 1927 Cherepovets Governorate was abolished, and its area became Cherepovets Okrug of Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . It was established on August 1, 1927, although it was not until 1946 that the oblast's borders had been mostly settled in their present position...
. Simultaneously, uyezds were abolished, and Prisheksninsky District with the center of Nikolskoye (currently Sheksna) was established. On September 23, 1937 Prisheksninsky District was transferred to newly established Vologda Oblast.
In 1954 the selo of Nikolskoye, the center of Prisheksninsky District, obtained the status of urban-type settlement and was remained into Sheksna. In 1959, Prisheksninsky District was abolished and merged with Chyobsarsky District. On December 13, 1962 Chyobsarsky District was abolished as well. Its area was split between Vologodsky and Cherepovetsky Districts. This was a part of later aborted Khrushchyov administrative reform.
On January 12, 1965 Sheksninsky District with the administrative center in Sheksna was established.
Location and geography
Sheksninsky District is located on both banks of the Sheksna RiverSheksna River
The Sheksna is a river in Belozersky, Kirillovsky, Sheksninsky, and Cherepovetsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Volga River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
, with the western (right-bank) part being considerably smaller than the eastern (left-bank) one. The Sheksna is turner into the Sheksna Reservoir
Sheksna Reservoir
The Sheknsna Reservoir or the Sheksninskoe Reservoir is a water reservoir on Sheksna River and Lake Beloye, in Belozersky, Vashkinsky, Kirillovsky, and Sheksninsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia...
upstream of the settlement of Sheksna, and downstream of Sheksna it flows in its natural course. The major part of the district belongs to the river basin of the Sheksna, with the exception of its southeastern corner, which is divided between the river basins of the Sogozha
Sogozha River
Sogozha is a river in Vologda and Yaroslavl Oblasts in Russia. It is 125 km long, with a drainage basin of 2,950 km².The river terminates in the Rybinsk Reservoir of the Volga River. Before the construction of the Rybinsk Reservoir the Sogozha was a tributary of the Sheksna River.The...
and the Vologda
Vologda River
The Vologda is a river in Sheksninsky and Vologodsky Districts of Vologda Oblast as well as in the city of Vologda in Russia. It is a right tributary of the Sukhona River. It is long, and the area of its basin . The principal tributaries is the Toshnya...
. As the Vologda belongs to the river basin of the Northern Dvina, and both the Sheksna and the Sogozha belong to the river basin of the Volga
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
, the district is crossed by the divide between the basins of the White
White Sea
The White Sea is a southern inlet of the Barents Sea located on the northwest coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, the Kola Peninsula to the north, and the Kanin Peninsula to the northeast. The whole of the White Sea is under Russian sovereignty and considered to be part of...
and the Caspian Sea
Caspian Sea
The Caspian Sea is the largest enclosed body of water on Earth by area, variously classed as the world's largest lake or a full-fledged sea. The sea has a surface area of and a volume of...
s.
The area of the district is flat, with large areas allocated for agriculture. The rest of the area is covered by woods.
Industry
The economy of the district is based on food industry and timber industry. The Sheksna Hydropower Plant, located in Sheksna, is a major energy producer.Transport
A114 highway, connecting VologdaVologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
to Cherepovets
Cherepovets
Cherepovets is the largest city in Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the bank of the Rybinsk Reservoir of the Sheksna River, a tributary of the Volga River. Population: 311,869 ; It is served by Cherepovets Airport.-Location:...
and Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
, crosses the district from the east to the west, passing Sheksna. There are also local roads.
The railroad connecting Vologda with Cherepovets and Saint Petersburg also crosses the district from the east to the west. Both Sheksna and Chyobsara
Chyobsara
Chyobsara is an urban locality in Sheksninsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located from Vologda. Municipally, it is incorporated as Chyobsarskoye Urban Settlement, one of the two urban settlements in the district. Population: -History:The settlement was founded as a railway station in 1898...
have railway stations.
The Sheksna is navigable within the district and is a part of Volga–Baltic Waterway (formerly known as the Mariinsk Canal System), which connects the Rybinsk Reservoir
Rybinsk Reservoir
Rybinsk Reservoir , informally called the Rybinsk Sea, is a water reservoir on the Volga River and its tributaries Sheksna and Mologa, formed by Rybinsk Hydroelectric Station dam, located on the territories of Tver, Vologda, and Yaroslavl Oblasts. At the time of its construction, it was the largest...
in the river basin of the Volga
Volga River
The Volga is the largest river in Europe in terms of length, discharge, and watershed. It flows through central Russia, and is widely viewed as the national river of Russia. Out of the twenty largest cities of Russia, eleven, including the capital Moscow, are situated in the Volga's drainage...
and Lake Onega
Lake Onega
Lake Onega is a lake in the north-west European part of Russia, located on the territory of Republic of Karelia, Leningrad Oblast and Vologda Oblast. It belongs to the basin of Baltic Sea, Atlantic Ocean, and is the second largest lake in Europe after Lake Ladoga...
in the river basin of the Neva
Neva River
The Neva is a river in northwestern Russia flowing from Lake Ladoga through the western part of Leningrad Oblast to the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. Despite its modest length , it is the third largest river in Europe in terms of average discharge .The Neva is the only river flowing from Lake...
.