Sokolsky District, Vologda Oblast
Encyclopedia
Sokolsky District is an administrative district (raion
), one of the twenty-six
in Vologda Oblast
, Russia
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sokolsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast
and borders with Kharovsky
and Syamzhensky District
s in the north, Totemsky District
in the east, Mezhdurechensky District
in the south, Vologodsky District
in the southeast, and Ust-Kubinsky District
in the northwest. The area of the district is 4100 square kilometres (1,583 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sokol
. District's population: 14,951 (2002 Census
);
The town of oblast significance
, Sokol, is located within the limits of the district but administratively does not belong to the district. Municipally, Sokol is incorporated as an urbal settlement which is part of Sokolsky Municipal District. The town of Kadnikov
does belong to the district both administratively and municipally.
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
. In the 13th century it became part of Principality of Beloozero. In the 14th century, the principality of Beloozero became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
, however, lands adjacent of Lake Kubenskoye remained quasi-independent until the 15th century. In 1345, the lands along Lake Kubenskoye were organized into three principalities: Principality of Novlenskoye soutwest of the lake, Principality of Zaozyorye northeast of the lake, and Principality of Kubena southwest of the Kubena (the area was generally known as Kubena). The current area of the district partially overlaps with the area of Principality of Kubena, which only existed for a short period before merging with Principality of Zaozyorye. Before 1447, both became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow as well. Some of the villages in the area, including Kadnikov (1492), were mentioned in 15th century.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
. In 1780, Arkhangelogorod Governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
, and in 1796 the latter was split into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Governorates. What is now Sokolsky District was then part of Kadnikovsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
. Kadnikov was chartered in 1780.
In November 1923, the Vologda Executive Comittee decided to create Sverdlovsko-Sukhonsky District with the center in the settlement of Sokol, however, the decision was not approved by the central authorities, and the district was never created.
On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, the governorates merged into the Northern Krai
, and Sverdlovsky District with the center in the work settlement of Sokol was established among others. It became a part of Vologda Okrug of Northern Krai. In 1932, Sokol was made a town, and the district was renamed to Sokolsky District. In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, the krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Sokolsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On January 25, 1935 Biryakovsky District was established on the lands which previously belonged to Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts. The administrative center of the district was made in the selo of Biryakovo, currently in Sokolsky District. In 1959, it was abolished and split between Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts.
. The westernmost part of the district is on the shore of Lake Kubenskoye
. The source of the Sukhona is located in Ust-Kubinsky District, but a relatively short stretch of the river course runs through the district downstream of the source. In particular, the town of Sokol is located on the banks of the Sukhona. The central and the eastern parts of the district drains to the Dvinitsa River
which crosses the district from the north to the south, and to other tributaries of the Sukhona like the Pelshma, the Strelitsa or the Tsaryova. The northwester part of the district belongs to the river basin of the Kubena
which forms the border between Sokolsky and Ust-Kubensky District. The northeast of the district belongs to the basin of the Syamzhena
, a major tributary of the Kubena.
Considerable areas within the district are covered by forests.
and Arkhangelsk
crosses the district from the south to the north. In particular, Sukhona railway station is located in Sokol.
One of the principal highways in Russia, M8
, which connects Moscow
and Arkhangelsk
, crosses the district from the south to the north, passing Sokol and Kadnikov. In Chekshino, another highway branches off east and runs to Totma
and Veliky Ustyug
. It provides the shortest connection between Vologda and the eastern districts of Vologda Oblast, in particular, Nikolsk
, Nyuksenitsa
, and Kichmengsky Gorodok
. Other roads connect Sokol with Kharovsk
and Ustye
. There are also local roads, with the bus traffic originating from Sokol.
Sukhona is navigable in the limits of the district, however, there is no passenger navigation.
In addition to the Sokol District Museum, located in Sokol., the district hosts the Kadnikov Museum of History, which was only opened in 1985 and is located in one of the historical buildings in the center of Kadnikov.
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
), one of the twenty-six
Administrative divisions of Vologda Oblast
Administratively, Vologda Oblast is divided into four cities and towns of oblast significance and twenty-six districts.In terms of the area, the biggest administrative district is Vytegorsky District ....
in Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast
Vologda Oblast is a federal subject of Russia . Its administrative center is Vologda. The largest city is Cherepovets.Vologda Oblast is rich in historic monuments, such as the magnificent Kirillo-Belozersky Monastery, Ferapontov Convent , medieval towns of Velikiy Ustyug and Belozersk, baroque...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
. Municipally, it is incorporated as Sokolsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
and borders with Kharovsky
Kharovsky District
Kharovsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kharovsky Municipal District. It is located in the center of the oblast and borders with Vozhegodsky District in the north, Syamzhensky District in the east,...
and Syamzhensky District
Syamzhensky District
Syamzhensky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Syamzhensky Municipal District...
s in the north, Totemsky District
Totemsky District
Totemsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemsky Municipal District...
in the east, Mezhdurechensky District
Mezhdurechensky District, Vologda Oblast
Mezhdurechensky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Mezhdurechensky Municipal District...
in the south, Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District
Vologodsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Vologodsky Municipal District...
in the southeast, and Ust-Kubinsky District
Ust-Kubinsky District
Ust-Kubinsky District is an administrative district , one of the twenty-six in Vologda Oblast, Russia. Municipally, it is incorporated as Ust-Kubinsky Municipal District...
in the northwest. The area of the district is 4100 square kilometres (1,583 sq mi). Its administrative center is the town of Sokol
Sokol, Vologda Oblast
Sokol is a town in the center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at both banks of the Sukhona. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Sokolsky District, by which it is completely surrounded but is not administratively...
. District's population: 14,951 (2002 Census
Russian Census (2002)
Russian Census of 2002 was the first census of the Russian Federation carried out on October 9 through October 16, 2002. It was carried out by the Russian Federal Service of State Statistics .-Resident population:...
);
The town of oblast significance
City of federal subject significance
City of federal subject significance is an umbrella term used to refer to a type of an administrative division of a federal subject of Russia which is equal in status to a district but is organized around a large city; occasionally with surrounding rural territories.According to the 1993...
, Sokol, is located within the limits of the district but administratively does not belong to the district. Municipally, Sokol is incorporated as an urbal settlement which is part of Sokolsky Municipal District. The town of Kadnikov
Kadnikov
Kadnikov is a town in Sokolsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the bank of the Sodima River, southeast of Vologda. Municipally, it is incorporated as Kadnikovskoe Urban Settlement in Sokolsky Municipal District. Population: -History:...
does belong to the district both administratively and municipally.
History
The area was originally populated by the Finno-Ugric peoplesFinno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
and then colonized by the Novgorod Republic
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
. In the 13th century it became part of Principality of Beloozero. In the 14th century, the principality of Beloozero became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
, however, lands adjacent of Lake Kubenskoye remained quasi-independent until the 15th century. In 1345, the lands along Lake Kubenskoye were organized into three principalities: Principality of Novlenskoye soutwest of the lake, Principality of Zaozyorye northeast of the lake, and Principality of Kubena southwest of the Kubena (the area was generally known as Kubena). The current area of the district partially overlaps with the area of Principality of Kubena, which only existed for a short period before merging with Principality of Zaozyorye. Before 1447, both became a part of the Grand Duchy of Moscow as well. Some of the villages in the area, including Kadnikov (1492), were mentioned in 15th century.
In the course of the administrative reform carried out in 1708 by Peter the Great, the area was included into Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate
Archangelgorod Governorate , or the Government of Archangelgorod, was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed from 1708 until 1780. Its seat was in Archangel...
. In 1780, Arkhangelogorod Governorate was abolished and transformed into Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty
Vologda Viceroyalty was an administrative division of the Russian Empire, which existed in 1780–1796.The viceroyalty was established by a decree of Catherine II on , 1780...
, and in 1796 the latter was split into Arkhangelsk and Vologda Governorates. What is now Sokolsky District was then part of Kadnikovsky Uyezd of Vologda Governorate
Vologda Governorate
The Vologda Governorate or Government of Vologda was a guberniya in the historical northern region of the European part of Russian Empire.In its size it was second right after the neighboring Archangelgorod Governorate...
. Kadnikov was chartered in 1780.
In November 1923, the Vologda Executive Comittee decided to create Sverdlovsko-Sukhonsky District with the center in the settlement of Sokol, however, the decision was not approved by the central authorities, and the district was never created.
On July 15, 1929, the uyezds were abolished, the governorates merged into the Northern Krai
Northern Krai
Northern Krai was a krai of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1929 to 1936. Its seat was in the city of Arkhangelsk...
, and Sverdlovsky District with the center in the work settlement of Sokol was established among others. It became a part of Vologda Okrug of Northern Krai. In 1932, Sokol was made a town, and the district was renamed to Sokolsky District. In the following years, the first-level administrative division of Russia kept changing. In 1936, the krai was transformed into Northern Oblast. In 1937, Northern Oblast was split into Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vologda Oblast. Sokolsky District remained in Vologda Oblast ever since.
On January 25, 1935 Biryakovsky District was established on the lands which previously belonged to Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts. The administrative center of the district was made in the selo of Biryakovo, currently in Sokolsky District. In 1959, it was abolished and split between Sokolsky and Mezhdurechensky Districts.
Location and geography
The area of the district is elongated from the west to the east and belongs to the river basin of the SukhonaSukhona River
The Sukhona is a river in the European pert of Russia, a tributary of the Northern Dvina River. The course of the Sukhona lies in Ust-Kubinsky, Sokolsky, Mezhdurechensky, Totemsky, Tarnogsky, Nyuksensky, and Velikoustyugsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its...
. The westernmost part of the district is on the shore of Lake Kubenskoye
Lake Kubenskoye
Kubenskoe Lake is a large and shallow lake in Vologda Oblast of Russia, situated at the height of 109 metres above mean sea level, stretching for 60 km from north-west to south-east....
. The source of the Sukhona is located in Ust-Kubinsky District, but a relatively short stretch of the river course runs through the district downstream of the source. In particular, the town of Sokol is located on the banks of the Sukhona. The central and the eastern parts of the district drains to the Dvinitsa River
Dvinitsa River
The Dvinitsa is a river in Kharovsky, Sokolsky, and Mezhdurechensky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Sukhona River. It is long, and the area of its basin...
which crosses the district from the north to the south, and to other tributaries of the Sukhona like the Pelshma, the Strelitsa or the Tsaryova. The northwester part of the district belongs to the river basin of the Kubena
Kubena River
The Kubena is a river in Konoshsky District of Arkhangelsk Oblast and Vozhegodsky, Syamzhensky, Kharovsky, Sokolsky, and Ust-Kubinsky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is long, and the area of its basin . The Kubena is the principal tributary of Lake Kubenskoye and belongs to the basins...
which forms the border between Sokolsky and Ust-Kubensky District. The northeast of the district belongs to the basin of the Syamzhena
Syamzhena River
The Syamzhena is a river in Sokolsky and Syamzhensky Districts of Vologda Oblast in Russia. It is a left tributary of the Kubena River. It is long, and the area of its basin . Its main tributaries are the Shichenga and the Bolshoy Pungul...
, a major tributary of the Kubena.
Considerable areas within the district are covered by forests.
Agriculture
The agriculture of the district is oriented at production of milk, crops, and potatoes.Transport
The railway connecting VologdaVologda
Vologda is a city and the administrative, cultural, and scientific center of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the Vologda River. The city is a major transport knot of the Northwest of Russia. Vologda is among the Russian cities possessing an especially valuable historical heritage...
and Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
crosses the district from the south to the north. In particular, Sukhona railway station is located in Sokol.
One of the principal highways in Russia, M8
M8 highway (Russia)
The Russian route M8, also known as the Kholmogory Highway or Yaroslavl highway, is a major trunk road that links Moscow to the Russian North in general and the sea harbour of Arkhangelsk in particular...
, which connects Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
and Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk
Arkhangelsk , formerly known as Archangel in English, is a city and the administrative center of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia. It lies on both banks of the Northern Dvina River near its exit into the White Sea in the north of European Russia. The city spreads for over along the banks of the river...
, crosses the district from the south to the north, passing Sokol and Kadnikov. In Chekshino, another highway branches off east and runs to Totma
Totma
Totma is a town and the administrative center of Totemsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River at the confluence with the Pesya Denga River. Municipally, it is incorporated as Totemskoe Urban Settlement in Totemsky Municipal District. Population:...
and Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug
Veliky Ustyug is a town in the northeast of Vologda Oblast, Russia, located at the confluence of the Sukhona and Yug Rivers. Administratively, it is incorporated as a town of oblast significance . It also serves as the administrative center of Velikoustyugsky District, by which it is completely...
. It provides the shortest connection between Vologda and the eastern districts of Vologda Oblast, in particular, Nikolsk
Nikolsk, Vologda Oblast
Nikolsk is a town and the administrative center of Nikolsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the right bank of the Yug River close to the point where it flows into the White Sea. Municipally, it is incorporated as Nikolskoye Urban Settlement in Nikolsky Municipal District...
, Nyuksenitsa
Nyuksenitsa
Nyuksenitsa is a rural locality and the administrative center of Nyuksensky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Sukhona River. It also serves as the administrative center of Beryozovsky and Nyuksensky Selsoviets, two of the eleven selsoviets into which the district...
, and Kichmengsky Gorodok
Kichmengsky Gorodok
Kichmengsky Gorodok is a rural locality and the administrative center of Kichmengsko-Gorodetsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the left bank of the Yug River, at the confluence with the Kichmenga River. It also serves as the administrative center of Kichmengsky Selsoviet, one of the...
. Other roads connect Sokol with Kharovsk
Kharovsk
Kharovsk is a town and the administrative center of Kharovsky District of Vologda Oblast, Russia,, located on the Kubena River north of Vologda. Kharovsk also serves as the administrative center of Kharovsky Selsoviet which it is administratively not part of. Municipally, it is incorporated as a...
and Ustye
Ustye, Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast
Ustye , also Ustye Kubenskoye is a rural locality and the administrative center of Ust-Kubinsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia, located on the banks of the Kubena River close to its confluence with Lake Kubenskoye. It also serves as the administrative center of Ustyansky Selsoviet, one of the...
. There are also local roads, with the bus traffic originating from Sokol.
Sukhona is navigable in the limits of the district, however, there is no passenger navigation.
Culture and recreation
The district contains three cultural heritage monuments of federal significance (the ensemble of Ilyinsky Pogost in the selo of Ilyinskoye and the Church of Archangel Michael in the selo of Arkhangelskoye) and additionally 101 objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (thirty-five of them located in the town of Kadnikov).In addition to the Sokol District Museum, located in Sokol., the district hosts the Kadnikov Museum of History, which was only opened in 1985 and is located in one of the historical buildings in the center of Kadnikov.