Strategic Petroleum Reserve (China)
Encyclopedia
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) is an emergency
fuel
store of oil
maintained by the People's Republic of China
National Development and Reform Commission
.
the head of the National Energy Administration also stated that there will be a third phase that will expand reserves by 204 million barrels with the goal of increasing China's SPR to 90 days of supply by 2020.
. Current plans call for government reserves of 475.9 million barrels (101.9 million barrels completed, 374 million barrels planned).
The planned state reserves of 475.9 million barrels plus the planned enterprise reserves of 209.44 million barrels will provide around 90 days of consumption or a total of 685.34 million barrels.
is the largest emergency supply in the world with the current capacity to hold up to 727 Moilbbl. The second largest emergency supply of oil is Japan's with a 2003 reported capacity of 579 Moilbbl.
Emergency
An emergency is a situation that poses an immediate risk to health, life, property or environment. Most emergencies require urgent intervention to prevent a worsening of the situation, although in some situations, mitigation may not be possible and agencies may only be able to offer palliative...
fuel
Fuel
Fuel is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner. Most fuels used by humans undergo combustion, a redox reaction in which a combustible substance releases energy after it ignites and reacts with the oxygen in the air...
store of oil
Oil
An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils....
maintained by the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
National Development and Reform Commission
National Development and Reform Commission
The National Development and Reform Commission , formerly State Planning Commission and State Development Planning Commission, is a macroeconomic management agency under the Chinese State Council, which has broad administrative and planning control over the Chinese economy...
.
Background
In 2007 China announced an expansion of their crude reserves into a two part system. Chinese reserves would consist of a government-controlled strategic reserve complemented by mandated commercial reserves. The government-controlled reserves are being completed in three phases. Phase one consisted of a 101.9 million barrel reserve, mostly completed by the end of 2008. The second phase of the government-controlled reserves with an additional 170 million barrels will be completed by 2011. Recently, Zhang GuobaoZhang Guobao
Zhang Guobao is Vice Chairman of the National Development and Reform Commission.-Biography:Zhang Guobao was born in Zhejiang. He graduated from Xi'an Jiaotong University with a mechanical engineering degree and became a senior engineer...
the head of the National Energy Administration also stated that there will be a third phase that will expand reserves by 204 million barrels with the goal of increasing China's SPR to 90 days of supply by 2020.
Government reserves
The government and enterprise reserves are managed by the National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)National Development and Reform Commission
The National Development and Reform Commission , formerly State Planning Commission and State Development Planning Commission, is a macroeconomic management agency under the Chinese State Council, which has broad administrative and planning control over the Chinese economy...
. Current plans call for government reserves of 475.9 million barrels (101.9 million barrels completed, 374 million barrels planned).
- First phase facilities:
- DalianDalianDalian is a major city and seaport in the south of Liaoning province, Northeast China. It faces Shandong to the south, the Yellow Sea to the east and the Bohai Sea to the west and south. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, Dalian is the southernmost city of Northeast China and China's...
, Liaoning Province. Capacity of 19 million barrels (3,000,000 m³), filled as of September 2009. - QingdaoQingdao' also known in the West by its postal map spelling Tsingtao, is a major city with a population of over 8.715 million in eastern Shandong province, Eastern China. Its built up area, made of 7 urban districts plus Jimo city, is home to about 4,346,000 inhabitants in 2010.It borders Yantai to the...
, Shandong Province. Capacity of 19 million barrels (3,000,000 m³), filled as of September 2009. - ZhenhaiZhenhaiZhenhai is a district of Ningbo prefecture-level city, Zhejiang, and also a town within that district. Located at the mouth of the Yong River 12 miles north-east of Ningbo proper, the town of Zhenhai lies at the foot of Zhaobao Hill on a tongue of land...
, Zhejiang Province. 52 storage tanks with a capacity of 33 million barrels (5,200,000 m³), filled as of December 2007. - ZhoushanZhoushanZhoushan or Zhoushan Archipelago New Area; formerly transliterated as Chusan, is a prefecture-level city in northeastern Zhejiang province of Eastern China. The only prefecture-level city of the People's Republic of China consisting solely of islands, it lies across the mouth of the Hangzhou Bay,...
, Zhejiang Province. Capacity of 33 million barrels (5,200,000 m³), 7.6 Moilbbl filled as of June 2007.
- Dalian
- Second phase facilities:
- Dushanzi, Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionXinjiangXinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
. Planned capacity of 34 million barrels (5,400,000 m³). - LanzhouLanzhouLanzhou is the capital and largest city of Gansu Province in Northwest China. A prefecture-level city, it is a key regional transportation hub, allowing areas further west to maintain railroad connections to the eastern half of the country....
, Gansu province. Planned capacity of 19 million barrels (3,000,000 m³), with completion by 2011. - Huangdao, Shandong ProvinceShandong' is a Province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese...
- JinzhouJinzhouJinzhou , is a prefecture-level city of Liaoning province, China. It is a geographically strategic city located in the "Liaoxi Corridor" , which connects land transportation between North China and Northeast China. Jinzhou is China's northernmost seaport and the coastal economic center of West...
, Liaoning ProvinceLiaoning' is a province of the People's Republic of China, located in the northeast of the country. Its one-character abbreviation is "辽" , a name taken from the Liao River that flows through the province. "Níng" means "peace"... - Four other facilities, location and size to be determined.
- Dushanzi, Karamay City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Third phase facilities:
- Wanzhou, Chongqing Municipality
- Henan Province
- CaofeidianCaofeidianCaofeidian is an island Land reclamation converted economic development zone in Bohai Bay under the jurisdiction of Tangshan city, Hebei Province, China.-Location:...
, Hebei Province - TianjinTianjin' is a metropolis in northern China and one of the five national central cities of the People's Republic of China. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central government...
. Planned capacity of 150 million barrels (20,000,000 m³), with completion by 2023.
- Local government reserves
- Guangdong Province has begun plans for an expanded reserve from 20 days to 90 days.
- Hainan Province has begun plans for a reserve.
- ShanshanShanshanShanshan is the Chinese name for a kingdom that existed roughly from 200 BCE-1000 CE at the north-eastern end of the Taklamakan Desert including the great, but now mostly dry, salt lake known as Lop Nur....
, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionXinjiangXinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
has begun plans for a reserve. - CaofeidianCaofeidianCaofeidian is an island Land reclamation converted economic development zone in Bohai Bay under the jurisdiction of Tangshan city, Hebei Province, China.-Location:...
, Hebei province has begun plans for a reserve. - Wanzhou, ChongqingChongqingChongqing is a major city in Southwest China and one of the five national central cities of China. Administratively, it is one of the PRC's four direct-controlled municipalities , and the only such municipality in inland China.The municipality was created on 14 March 1997, succeeding the...
municipality has begun plans for a reserve.
Enterprise reserves
Currently the enterprise reserves compose a smaller portion of the overall SPR with a 209.44 million barrel strategic reserve planned (35.33 million barrels completed, 51.5 million barrels under construction).- Commercial oil reserves by major Chinese oil companies, PetroChinaPetroChinaPetroChina Company Limited is a Chinese oil company and is the listed arm of state-owned China National Petroleum Corporation , headquartered in Dongcheng District, Beijing. It is China's biggest oil producer, and was the world's most valuable company by market value as of September 28th 2010...
, SinopecSinopecChina Petroleum & Chemical Corporation Limited , or Sinopec Limited , is a majority owned subsidiary of state owned company Sinopec Group. Sinopec Limited is listed in Hong Kong and also trades in Shanghai and New York ....
and CNOOC- PetroChina facility, Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionXinjiangXinjiang is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China. It is the largest Chinese administrative division and spans over 1.6 million km2...
. Completed with a capacity of 6.3 Moilbbl. - PetroChina facility, TielingTielingTieling is a prefecture-level city in Liaoning province of the People's Republic of China.The population is 3 million at the 2nd of 2004. Tieling is a city where coal mining is an important industry.The mayor of Tieling is Li Wenke...
, Liaoning Province. Completed with a capacity of 5.03 Moilbbl, completion October 2008 - Sinopec facility, NingboNingboNingbo is a seaport city of northeastern Zhejiang province, Eastern China. Holding sub-provincial administrative status, the municipality has a population of 7,605,700 inhabitants at the 2010 census whom 3,089,180 in the built up area made of 6 urban districts. It lies south of the Hangzhou Bay,...
, Zhejiang ProvinceZhejiangZhejiang is an eastern coastal province of the People's Republic of China. The word Zhejiang was the old name of the Qiantang River, which passes through Hangzhou, the provincial capital...
. Completed with a capacity of 24 Moilbbl. - Sinopec facility, RizhaoRizhaoRizhao is a prefecture-level city in southeastern Shandong province, People's Republic of China. It is situated on the coastline along the Yellow Sea, borders Qingdao to the northeast, Weifang to the north, Linyi to the west and southwest, and faces Korea and Japan across the Yellow Sea to the east...
, Shandong ProvinceShandong' is a Province located on the eastern coast of the People's Republic of China. Shandong has played a major role in Chinese history from the beginning of Chinese civilization along the lower reaches of the Yellow River and served as a pivotal cultural and religious site for Taoism, Chinese...
, under construction. Planned capacity of 20.1 million barrels (3,200,000 m³) - Sinopec facility, BeihaiBeihaiBeihai is a prefecture-level city of Guangxi, China. Beihai means "north of the sea" in Chinese, signifying its status as a seaport on the north shore of the Gulf of Tonkin. Between the years 2006 and 2020, Beihai is predicted to be the world's fastest growing city...
, Guangxi regionGuangxiGuangxi, formerly romanized Kwangsi, is a province of southern China along its border with Vietnam. In 1958, it became the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of the People's Republic of China, a region with special privileges created specifically for the Zhuang people.Guangxi's location, in...
, under construction. Planned capacity by 2011 of 20.1 million barrels (3,200,000 m³) - Sinopec facility, ZhanjiangZhanjiangZhanjiang , formerly known as Tsamkong, Tsankiang, Fort-Bayard, and Kwang-Chou-Wan, is a prefecture-level city at the southwestern end of Guangdong province of Southern China, facing the island of Hainan to the south....
, under construction - Sinopec facility, CaofeidianCaofeidianCaofeidian is an island Land reclamation converted economic development zone in Bohai Bay under the jurisdiction of Tangshan city, Hebei Province, China.-Location:...
, under construction - Sinopec facility, ShanghaiShanghaiShanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...
, under construction - Sinochem facility, under construction
- Unknown company, Heilongjiang Province
- CNOOC facility, Gansu Province, under construction. Planned capacity of 11.3 Moilbbl.
- PetroChina facility, Shanshan County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region
- Oil storage reserves by medium and small Chinese oil companies
The planned state reserves of 475.9 million barrels plus the planned enterprise reserves of 209.44 million barrels will provide around 90 days of consumption or a total of 685.34 million barrels.
Other SPRs
The U.S. Strategic Petroleum ReserveStrategic Petroleum Reserve
The Strategic Petroleum Reserve is an emergency fuel storage of oil maintained by the United States Department of Energy.- United States :The US SPR is the largest emergency supply in the world with the current capacity to hold up to ....
is the largest emergency supply in the world with the current capacity to hold up to 727 Moilbbl. The second largest emergency supply of oil is Japan's with a 2003 reported capacity of 579 Moilbbl.
See also
- Strategic Petroleum ReserveStrategic Petroleum ReserveThe Strategic Petroleum Reserve is an emergency fuel storage of oil maintained by the United States Department of Energy.- United States :The US SPR is the largest emergency supply in the world with the current capacity to hold up to ....
- Oil reservesOil reservesThe total estimated amount of oil in an oil reservoir, including both producible and non-producible oil, is called oil in place. However, because of reservoir characteristics and limitations in petroleum extraction technologies, only a fraction of this oil can be brought to the surface, and it is...
- Global strategic petroleum reservesGlobal strategic petroleum reservesGlobal strategic petroleum reserves refer to crude oil inventories held by the government of a particular country, as well as private industry, for the purpose of providing economic and national security during an energy crisis...
- Energy developmentEnergy developmentEnergy development is the effort to provide sufficient primary energy sources and secondary energy forms for supply, cost, impact on air pollution and water pollution, mitigation of climate change with renewable energy....
- Energy securityEnergy securityEnergy security is a term for an association between national security and the availability of natural resources for energy consumption. Access to cheap energy has become essential to the functioning of modern economies. However, the uneven distribution of energy supplies among countries has led...