Television in Indonesia
Encyclopedia
Television
in Indonesia
began on August 24, 1962 in Jakarta with the state-run station, TVRI
, which began broadcasting on the seventeenth anniversary of Indonesian Independence. It held a television monopoly
in Indonesia until 1989, when the first commercial station, RCTI
(Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) began as a local station and was subsequently granted a national license a year later.
Each of the network has a wide variety of programs, ranging from traditional show, such as wayang
performance, to programs like Indonesian Idol
that are based on Western models. One typical television show of almost every network is sinetron Sinetron is usually a drama series, following the soap opera
format, but can also refer to any fictional series. Sometimes it can be comic, like the popular Bajaj
Bajuri series, featuring a bajaj (a taxi-like tricycle
) driver and the people he drives around.
The first time Indonesia ever saw a television was in 1955, 29 years after the world's first innovation of television in 1926, and 26 years after world's first television broadcast in 1929. These first televisions was brought from the Soviet Union
during the Yogyakarta 200 years anniversary fair. (Pekan Raja 200 Tahoen Kota Djogjakarta).
On July 25, 1961, the Minister of Information, R Maladi, signed a law (SK Menpen) to create the body to prepare the establishment of television in Indonesia. This was established as a part of the preparation for the fourth Asian Games
. There was only a year to create a studio, broadcast tower, and other technical equipments in the former site of the Information Academy at Senayan. In that short period of preparation, Soekarno had a very big role, even to choosing the equipments and where they should be imported from. The first experimental TV broadcast was the singular documentary of a celebration of the 17th Anniversary of Indonesia's Independence on August 17, 1962.
At 14.30, August 24, 1962, the citizens of Jakarta witnessed the live broadcast of the opening ceremony of the 4th Asian Games from Gelora Bung Karno. This broadcast was held by the Television Division of the Radio and Television Organizing Committee Bureau. This day is now recognized as the birth of Televisi Republik Indonesia
or TVRI, the first television station in Indonesia.
On October 20, 1963, the government issued a Presidential Decision (Keppres) regarding the formation of the Institution of TVRI (Jajasan TVRI). In the first year of the TVRI broadcast, there are 10,000 television owners. Since then, the Institution of TVRI alloted a tax for television-owners until 1969, when the television property tax was transferred through post and giro. From 1963 to 1976, TVRI established television station
s in Yogyakarta (1965), Medan
(1970), Makassar
(1972), Balikpapan
(1973), and Palembang
(1974). In 2001, TVRI has 12 television stations and 8 production studios. Color broadcast was introduced on September 1, 1979.
Advertisement was introduced to TVRI on March 1, 1963 to coupe with the increasing broadcast hours. This advertisement was known as Siaran Niaga (literally "advertisement broadcast"). Now, television advertisements and other general advertisings are known simply as iklan ("advertisement").
On August 16, 1976, the Domestic Satellite Communication System (Sistem Komunikasi Satelit Domestik or SKSD) through Palapa A1 was inaugurated. This communication satellite was the first satellite owned by Indonesia and one of the first satellite operated by a developing country. Palapa A1 has 12 transponder
s which allows TVRI to distribute its broadcast to the entire Nusantara
.
On January 5, 1980, President Soeharto issued an instruction to remove advertisements from TVRI. The reason for this is from the believe that advertisements may create negative effects for the development of Indonesia during that time. This instructions had created pros and cons, especially because there is no research behind this statement. One month later, the Department of Knowledge's Research and Department division decided to perform a research about the effect of advertisements to national development programs.
On August 24, 1989, the second television station in Indonesia, Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia
or RCTI, was inaugurated. The television station was owned by Bambang Trihatmodjo. Unlike TVRI, RCTI was allowed to broadcast advertisements up to 15% its broadcast hours. On August 24, 1990, the third television station, Surya Citra Televisi, formerly SCTI or Surabaya
Centra Televisi Indonesia, was inaugurated. This television station was owned by "king of cineplex
" Sudwikatmono.
On September 13, 1990, the president issued Presidential Decree no. 40 regarding the television property tax collection between Yayasan TVRI and PT Mekatama Raya, a private company owned by Sudwikatmono and Sigit Hardjojudanto. Since the beginning of 1991, this private company was the responsible body to withdraw television property tax from people. The reason for this change is to increase revenue from the lower 1969 post and giro system.
On January 23, 1991, PT Cipta Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (TPI
) started its broadcast of educational programs with some advertisements. The company was conducted by Siti Hardjanti
. During its first years, TPI share channels with TVRI. Its facility and operators were supported by TVRI in the morning when TVRI didn't broadcast.
On April 14, 1992, the Directorate General of Radio, Television and Films decided that Yayasan TVRI will withdrew back the television property tax from the people when, after one year, PT Mekatama Raya failed to increase the revenue.
On October 1992, the Department of Information issued licenses for six companies to established a private television companies: PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri
or Indosiar (Jakarta
), PT Sanitya Mandara Televisi (Yogyakarta), PT Merdeka Citra Televisi Indonesia (Semarang
), PT Ramako Indotelevisi (Batam
), PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi
or ANTV (Lampung
), and PT Cakrawala Bumi Sriwijaya Televisi (Palembang
). Of all these six television companies, only PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri and PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi were able to broadcast continuously. On February 28, 1993, PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi, a joint venture between Agung Laksono
and the Bakrie
family, started its first broadcast. The broadcast station was initially planned to be located in Lampung
, but later moved to Jakarta
, in a building at Kuningan
. PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri, owned by Salim Group, started its first broadcast on January 11, 1995.
On March 1998, TV Kabel Indovision
, operated by PT Matahari Lintas Cakrawala under the leadership of Peter F. Gontha, started its operation as the first cable television in Indonesia (the first cable television was operated in the United States in 1972). Previously, since 1996, Indovision had operated using television decoders and parabolic antenna
s.
On October 1999, out of fourteen applicants that had been received by Department of Information, five television broadcasting companies passed the selection and received broadcast licenses. These companies are: Trans TV
(PT Televisi Transformasi Indonesia, led by Ishadi, the former head of TVRI), MetroTV
(operated by Grup Media Indonesia which was led by Surya Paloh
), Global TV
(PT Global Informasi Bermutu, established by Timmy Habibie), Lativi (PT Lativi Media Karya, owned by Abdul Latief
), and TV7 (PT Duta Visual Nusantara Tivi Tujuh). Metro TV was the first to broadcast on November 25, 2000, as the seventh Indonesian television broadcasting companies.
On June 7, 2000, following the changes after the dissolution of the Department of Information by President Abdurrahman Wahid
, TVRI was officially change its status into a Service Company (Perusahaan Jawatan).
Chinese languages were banned from 1965 to 1994 in Indonesian television, but its use did not come until years later. In November 2000, Metro TV would become the first to broadcast news in Mandarin to local television stations since broadcasting began in Indonesia.
, first private television in Indonesia. Currently, the major nationwide television station in Indonesia are RCTI
, MNCTV
, SCTV
, ANTV
, Indosiar
, MetroTV
, Trans 7
, Trans TV
, TvOne
, and Global TV
. Now Indonesia is on the experimental phase to full implement of digital terrestrial TV in Indonesia. Indonesia adopted DVB-T
format.
incorporated on August 8, 1988. Since then, technology for satellite television has changed from analogue to digital. Satellite television in Indonesia using DVB-S
format. Up to now, there are more than five satellite pay TV operators: Indovision
, TOP TV, TelkomVision
, Yes TV, Aora TV
, and OkeVision
. Satellite television is available nationwide.
. Cable TV in Indonesia is using DVB-C
format.
format.
There is only one operator for Mobile Pay TV in Indonesia. Mobile TV is currently only available in Jakarta
.
Television
Television is a telecommunication medium for transmitting and receiving moving images that can be monochrome or colored, with accompanying sound...
in Indonesia
Indonesia
Indonesia , officially the Republic of Indonesia , is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 13,000 islands. It has 33 provinces with over 238 million people, and is the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia is a republic, with an...
began on August 24, 1962 in Jakarta with the state-run station, TVRI
TVRI
Televisi Republik Indonesia Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI) Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI) (formerly known as Televisi Indonesia (Indonesian Television in English) and Radio Indonesia (Indonesian Radio in English) is a state-owned television station, the oldest television station in...
, which began broadcasting on the seventeenth anniversary of Indonesian Independence. It held a television monopoly
Monopoly
A monopoly exists when a specific person or enterprise is the only supplier of a particular commodity...
in Indonesia until 1989, when the first commercial station, RCTI
RCTI
RCTI is Indonesia's first privately owned television network and is based in West Jakarta. RCTI broadcasts Indonesian Idol as well as sinetron , films, news and current affairs, reality shows and religious programs...
(Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia) began as a local station and was subsequently granted a national license a year later.
Each of the network has a wide variety of programs, ranging from traditional show, such as wayang
Wayang
Wayang is a Javanese word for theatre . When the term is used to refer to kinds of puppet theatre, sometimes the puppet itself is referred to as wayang...
performance, to programs like Indonesian Idol
Indonesian Idol
Indonesian Idol is a reality television singing competition created by Simon Fuller and produced by FremantleMedia Asia, which began airing on RCTI on March 2004. Part of the Idol franchise, it was as a spin-off from the UK show Pop Idol...
that are based on Western models. One typical television show of almost every network is sinetron Sinetron is usually a drama series, following the soap opera
Soap opera
A soap opera, sometimes called "soap" for short, is an ongoing, episodic work of dramatic fiction presented in serial format on radio or as television programming. The name soap opera stems from the original dramatic serials broadcast on radio that had soap manufacturers, such as Procter & Gamble,...
format, but can also refer to any fictional series. Sometimes it can be comic, like the popular Bajaj
Bajaj
Bajaj may refer to:People* Jamnalal Bajaj , prominent Indian businessman, founder of the Bajaj group of companies* Rahul Bajaj, Indian businessman, grandson of Jamnalal Bajaj, chairman of Bajaj Auto, and MP of Rajya SabhaCompanies...
Bajuri series, featuring a bajaj (a taxi-like tricycle
Tricycle
A tricycle is a three-wheeled vehicle. While tricycles are often associated with the small three-wheeled vehicles used by pre-school-age children, they are also used by adults for a variety of purposes. In the United States and Canada, adult-sized tricycles are used primarily by older persons for...
) driver and the people he drives around.
History
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
during the Yogyakarta 200 years anniversary fair. (Pekan Raja 200 Tahoen Kota Djogjakarta).
On July 25, 1961, the Minister of Information, R Maladi, signed a law (SK Menpen) to create the body to prepare the establishment of television in Indonesia. This was established as a part of the preparation for the fourth Asian Games
1962 Asian Games
The 4th Asian Games were held from August 24, 1962 to September 4, 1962 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Most notable is the exclusion of Israel and the Republic of China from the Games....
. There was only a year to create a studio, broadcast tower, and other technical equipments in the former site of the Information Academy at Senayan. In that short period of preparation, Soekarno had a very big role, even to choosing the equipments and where they should be imported from. The first experimental TV broadcast was the singular documentary of a celebration of the 17th Anniversary of Indonesia's Independence on August 17, 1962.
At 14.30, August 24, 1962, the citizens of Jakarta witnessed the live broadcast of the opening ceremony of the 4th Asian Games from Gelora Bung Karno. This broadcast was held by the Television Division of the Radio and Television Organizing Committee Bureau. This day is now recognized as the birth of Televisi Republik Indonesia
TVRI
Televisi Republik Indonesia Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI) Televisi Republik Indonesia (TVRI) (formerly known as Televisi Indonesia (Indonesian Television in English) and Radio Indonesia (Indonesian Radio in English) is a state-owned television station, the oldest television station in...
or TVRI, the first television station in Indonesia.
On October 20, 1963, the government issued a Presidential Decision (Keppres) regarding the formation of the Institution of TVRI (Jajasan TVRI). In the first year of the TVRI broadcast, there are 10,000 television owners. Since then, the Institution of TVRI alloted a tax for television-owners until 1969, when the television property tax was transferred through post and giro. From 1963 to 1976, TVRI established television station
Television station
A television station is a business, organisation or other such as an amateur television operator that transmits content over terrestrial television. A television transmission can be by analog television signals or, more recently, by digital television. Broadcast television systems standards are...
s in Yogyakarta (1965), Medan
Medan
- Demography :The city is Indonesia's fourth most populous after Jakarta, Surabaya, and Bandung, and Indonesia's largest city outside of Java island. Much of the population lies outside its city limits, especially in Deli Serdang....
(1970), Makassar
Makassar
Makassar, is the provincial capital of South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and the largest city on Sulawesi Island. From 1971 to 1999, the city was named Ujung Pandang, after a precolonial fort in the city, and the two names are often used interchangeably...
(1972), Balikpapan
Balikpapan
Balikpapan is a seaport city on the eastern coast of the island of Borneo, Indonesia, in the East Kalimantan province, a resource-rich region well known for its timber, mining, and petroleum export products. Two harbors, Semayang and Kariangau , and the Sepinggan International Airport are the main...
(1973), and Palembang
Palembang
Palembang is the capital city of the South Sumatra province in Indonesia. Palembang is one of the oldest cities in Indonesia, and has a history of being a capital of a maritime empire. Located on the Musi River banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra island, it has an area of 400.61 square...
(1974). In 2001, TVRI has 12 television stations and 8 production studios. Color broadcast was introduced on September 1, 1979.
Advertisement was introduced to TVRI on March 1, 1963 to coupe with the increasing broadcast hours. This advertisement was known as Siaran Niaga (literally "advertisement broadcast"). Now, television advertisements and other general advertisings are known simply as iklan ("advertisement").
On August 16, 1976, the Domestic Satellite Communication System (Sistem Komunikasi Satelit Domestik or SKSD) through Palapa A1 was inaugurated. This communication satellite was the first satellite owned by Indonesia and one of the first satellite operated by a developing country. Palapa A1 has 12 transponder
Transponder
In telecommunication, the term transponder has the following meanings:...
s which allows TVRI to distribute its broadcast to the entire Nusantara
Nusantara
Nusantara is an Indonesian word for the Indonesian archipelago. It is originated from Old Javanese and literally means "archipelago".The word Nusantara was taken from an oath by Gajah Mada, as written on an old Javanese manuscript Pararaton and Negarakertagama...
.
On January 5, 1980, President Soeharto issued an instruction to remove advertisements from TVRI. The reason for this is from the believe that advertisements may create negative effects for the development of Indonesia during that time. This instructions had created pros and cons, especially because there is no research behind this statement. One month later, the Department of Knowledge's Research and Department division decided to perform a research about the effect of advertisements to national development programs.
On August 24, 1989, the second television station in Indonesia, Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia
RCTI
RCTI is Indonesia's first privately owned television network and is based in West Jakarta. RCTI broadcasts Indonesian Idol as well as sinetron , films, news and current affairs, reality shows and religious programs...
or RCTI, was inaugurated. The television station was owned by Bambang Trihatmodjo. Unlike TVRI, RCTI was allowed to broadcast advertisements up to 15% its broadcast hours. On August 24, 1990, the third television station, Surya Citra Televisi, formerly SCTI or Surabaya
Surabaya
Surabaya is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 2.7 million , and the capital of the province of East Java...
Centra Televisi Indonesia, was inaugurated. This television station was owned by "king of cineplex
Cineplex
-Specific multiplex groups:*Cineplex Entertainment, Canada*Cineplex Odeon Corporation, Canada*Loews Cineplex Entertainment, United States*MegaStar Cineplex, Vietnam*Cineplex Australia...
" Sudwikatmono.
On September 13, 1990, the president issued Presidential Decree no. 40 regarding the television property tax collection between Yayasan TVRI and PT Mekatama Raya, a private company owned by Sudwikatmono and Sigit Hardjojudanto. Since the beginning of 1991, this private company was the responsible body to withdraw television property tax from people. The reason for this change is to increase revenue from the lower 1969 post and giro system.
On January 23, 1991, PT Cipta Televisi Pendidikan Indonesia (TPI
MNCTV
MNCTV is an Indonesian private television channel which headquarter's based in East Jakarta. TPI was established by Tutut Soeharto . It began broadcasting on the 23rd of January 1991...
) started its broadcast of educational programs with some advertisements. The company was conducted by Siti Hardjanti
Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana
Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana is the eldest daughter of former Indonesian President Suharto...
. During its first years, TPI share channels with TVRI. Its facility and operators were supported by TVRI in the morning when TVRI didn't broadcast.
On April 14, 1992, the Directorate General of Radio, Television and Films decided that Yayasan TVRI will withdrew back the television property tax from the people when, after one year, PT Mekatama Raya failed to increase the revenue.
On October 1992, the Department of Information issued licenses for six companies to established a private television companies: PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri
Indosiar
Indosiar is a publicly owned national television station in Indonesia, and has been operating from West Jakarta since 1994. It was listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2004. Citibank Singapore has an 8.5 percent shareholding...
or Indosiar (Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
), PT Sanitya Mandara Televisi (Yogyakarta), PT Merdeka Citra Televisi Indonesia (Semarang
Semarang
- Economy :The western part of the city is home to many industrial parks and factories. The port of Semarang is located on the north coast and it is the main shipping port for the province of Central Java. Many small manufacturers are located in Semarang, producing goods such as textiles,...
), PT Ramako Indotelevisi (Batam
Batam
Batam is an island and city in Riau Islands Province of Indonesia, known for its free trade zone area as part of the Sijori Growth Triangle, is located off Singapore's south coast...
), PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi
Antv
antv is an Indonesian television network based in South Jakarta. It is owned by PT Visi Media Asia,Tbk.-History:antv was launched on 1 March 1993 as a local television station in Lampung province. In the same month it was awarded a government license for nationwide broadcasting, and moved its...
or ANTV (Lampung
Lampung
Lampung is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra and borders the provinces of Bengkulu and South Sumatra. Lampung is the original home of the Lampung people, who speak a distinct language from other people in Sumatra and have their own alphabet. Its...
), and PT Cakrawala Bumi Sriwijaya Televisi (Palembang
Palembang
Palembang is the capital city of the South Sumatra province in Indonesia. Palembang is one of the oldest cities in Indonesia, and has a history of being a capital of a maritime empire. Located on the Musi River banks on the east coast of southern Sumatra island, it has an area of 400.61 square...
). Of all these six television companies, only PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri and PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi were able to broadcast continuously. On February 28, 1993, PT Cakrawala Andalas Televisi, a joint venture between Agung Laksono
Agung Laksono
Agung Laksono is the coordinating minister for people's welfare in the Second United Indonesia Cabinet and a member of the Golkar Party. Previously, he was the Speaker of Indonesia People's Representative Council from 2004 to 2009...
and the Bakrie
Aburizal Bakrie
In this Indonesian name, the name "Bakrie" is a family name, and the person should be referred to by the family name "Bakrie".Aburizal Bakrie is an Indonesian entrepreneur and politician.- Family business :...
family, started its first broadcast. The broadcast station was initially planned to be located in Lampung
Lampung
Lampung is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the southern tip of the island of Sumatra and borders the provinces of Bengkulu and South Sumatra. Lampung is the original home of the Lampung people, who speak a distinct language from other people in Sumatra and have their own alphabet. Its...
, but later moved to Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
, in a building at Kuningan
Kuningan
Kuningan is a city in eastern West Java, Indonesia, between Cirebon and Tasikmalaya, about 200 km east of Jakarta. The area is near Mount Cereme/Ciremai , the highest mountain in West Java. The mountain is located in the western part of the region. The eastern part is a valley...
. PT Indosiar Visual Mandiri, owned by Salim Group, started its first broadcast on January 11, 1995.
On March 1998, TV Kabel Indovision
Indovision
Indovision is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite or direct-to-home satellite television and radio service initially in Indonesia. Indovision is currently owned by PT MNC Skyvision.-History:Indovision began operations in 1994....
, operated by PT Matahari Lintas Cakrawala under the leadership of Peter F. Gontha, started its operation as the first cable television in Indonesia (the first cable television was operated in the United States in 1972). Previously, since 1996, Indovision had operated using television decoders and parabolic antenna
Parabolic antenna
A parabolic antenna is an antenna that uses a parabolic reflector, a curved surface with the cross-sectional shape of a parabola, to direct the radio waves. The most common form is shaped like a dish and is popularly called a dish antenna or parabolic dish...
s.
On October 1999, out of fourteen applicants that had been received by Department of Information, five television broadcasting companies passed the selection and received broadcast licenses. These companies are: Trans TV
Trans TV
Trans TV is an Indonesian national television station based in South Jakarta. Owned by Chairul Tanjung, it began broadcasting on 15 December 2001 based in Jakarta. On 15 December 2006 based in Jakarta due to its half ownership by Trans Corporation, a company that also owned Trans 7...
(PT Televisi Transformasi Indonesia, led by Ishadi, the former head of TVRI), MetroTV
MetroTV
Metro TV is Indonesia's first 24-hour news channel based in West Jakarta. The station was established on 25 November 2000 and now has over 53 transmission sites all over the country. It is owned by Surya Paloh who also owns the Media Indonesia daily...
(operated by Grup Media Indonesia which was led by Surya Paloh
Surya Paloh
Surya Dharma Paloh is an Indonesian media tycoon who owns the Media Indonesia daily newspaper and Metro TV, a 24-hour news television network. Surya Paloh is active in politics and he is the Chairman of the Advisory Council of the Golkar Party, the biggest political party in Indonesia...
), Global TV
Global TV (Indonesia)
Global TV is an Indonesian private television station based in West Jakarta. It is established in early January 1, 1998 and first went on air on January 1, 2001 with MTV programming....
(PT Global Informasi Bermutu, established by Timmy Habibie), Lativi (PT Lativi Media Karya, owned by Abdul Latief
Abdul Latief
Abdul Latief is the founder of one of the largest Indonesian retailers Pasaraya department store and of television channel Lativi. He is the former Indonesian minister of labor in the Soeharto era.-Early life:...
), and TV7 (PT Duta Visual Nusantara Tivi Tujuh). Metro TV was the first to broadcast on November 25, 2000, as the seventh Indonesian television broadcasting companies.
On June 7, 2000, following the changes after the dissolution of the Department of Information by President Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid
Abdurrahman Wahid, born Abdurrahman Addakhil , colloquially known as , was an Indonesian Muslim religious and political leader who served as the President of Indonesia from 1999 to 2001...
, TVRI was officially change its status into a Service Company (Perusahaan Jawatan).
Chinese languages were banned from 1965 to 1994 in Indonesian television, but its use did not come until years later. In November 2000, Metro TV would become the first to broadcast news in Mandarin to local television stations since broadcasting began in Indonesia.
Terrestrial
Terrestrial TV started with the establishment of the first television station in Indonesia. Indonesia only has one channel until the establishment of RCTIRCTI
RCTI is Indonesia's first privately owned television network and is based in West Jakarta. RCTI broadcasts Indonesian Idol as well as sinetron , films, news and current affairs, reality shows and religious programs...
, first private television in Indonesia. Currently, the major nationwide television station in Indonesia are RCTI
RCTI
RCTI is Indonesia's first privately owned television network and is based in West Jakarta. RCTI broadcasts Indonesian Idol as well as sinetron , films, news and current affairs, reality shows and religious programs...
, MNCTV
MNCTV
MNCTV is an Indonesian private television channel which headquarter's based in East Jakarta. TPI was established by Tutut Soeharto . It began broadcasting on the 23rd of January 1991...
, SCTV
SCTV (Indonesia)
Surya Citra Televisi is an Indonesian television station. Its headquarters are in South Jakarta. It began broadcasting on 24 August 1990 in Surabaya, East Java, broadcasting only to the city and surrounding area. At this point the programming was similar to that of RCTI and used some of their news...
, ANTV
Antv
antv is an Indonesian television network based in South Jakarta. It is owned by PT Visi Media Asia,Tbk.-History:antv was launched on 1 March 1993 as a local television station in Lampung province. In the same month it was awarded a government license for nationwide broadcasting, and moved its...
, Indosiar
Indosiar
Indosiar is a publicly owned national television station in Indonesia, and has been operating from West Jakarta since 1994. It was listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange in 2004. Citibank Singapore has an 8.5 percent shareholding...
, MetroTV
MetroTV
Metro TV is Indonesia's first 24-hour news channel based in West Jakarta. The station was established on 25 November 2000 and now has over 53 transmission sites all over the country. It is owned by Surya Paloh who also owns the Media Indonesia daily...
, Trans 7
Trans 7
Trans 7 is an Indonesian commercial television station based in Central Jakarta. It is jointly owned by the Gramedia Group and Trans TV. It began broadcasting on 15 December 2001. On 15 December 2006, the official name became Trans 7 from TV 7 due to its half ownership by Trans Corp, a company...
, Trans TV
Trans TV
Trans TV is an Indonesian national television station based in South Jakarta. Owned by Chairul Tanjung, it began broadcasting on 15 December 2001 based in Jakarta. On 15 December 2006 based in Jakarta due to its half ownership by Trans Corporation, a company that also owned Trans 7...
, TvOne
TvOne (Indonesia)
tvOne is an Indonesian privately owned national television station based in East Jakarta. It used to be known as Lativi, but the name changed due to changes in ownership in the middle of February 2008...
, and Global TV
Global TV (Indonesia)
Global TV is an Indonesian private television station based in West Jakarta. It is established in early January 1, 1998 and first went on air on January 1, 2001 with MTV programming....
. Now Indonesia is on the experimental phase to full implement of digital terrestrial TV in Indonesia. Indonesia adopted DVB-T
DVB-T
DVB-T is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting — Terrestrial; it is the DVB European-based consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital terrestrial television that was first published in 1997 and first broadcast in the UK in 1998...
format.
Satellite
Satellite television has been available in Indonesia since IndovisionIndovision
Indovision is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite or direct-to-home satellite television and radio service initially in Indonesia. Indovision is currently owned by PT MNC Skyvision.-History:Indovision began operations in 1994....
incorporated on August 8, 1988. Since then, technology for satellite television has changed from analogue to digital. Satellite television in Indonesia using DVB-S
DVB-S
DVB-S is an abbreviation for Digital Video Broadcasting — Satellite; it is the original Digital Video Broadcasting forward error coding and demodulation standard for satellite television and dates from 1994, in its first release, while development lasted from 1993 to 1997...
format. Up to now, there are more than five satellite pay TV operators: Indovision
Indovision
Indovision is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite or direct-to-home satellite television and radio service initially in Indonesia. Indovision is currently owned by PT MNC Skyvision.-History:Indovision began operations in 1994....
, TOP TV, TelkomVision
TelkomVision
TelkomVision is a subscription-based direct broadcast satellite and cable television provider service for Indonesia. It is a part of the Telkom Group...
, Yes TV, Aora TV
Aora TV
Aora TV is an Indonesian direct broadcast satellite pay television company that is operated by PT Karya Megah Adijaya and is owned by Rini M. Soemarno, Ongki P. Soemarno and join at dormant period Sugiono Wiyono. It started its nation-wide broadcast in the beginning of August 2008 with an initial...
, and OkeVision
OkeVision
Okevision is a brand name made by PT Nusantara Vision, and is a subscription based Satellite Television. Launched in November 2008, it is one of the newest satellite television service available in Indonesia....
. Satellite television is available nationwide.
Cable
PT Broadband Multimedia Tbk is the first operator for cable TV in Indonesia under the brand name Kabelvision in 1995. In 2006, the company launched Digital 1 along with the technology changed from analogue to digital. The company then change the name of the company to PT First Media Tbk in 2007 and also launched new brand, name First Media. Cable TV now is only available in Jabodetabek area and SurabayaSurabaya
Surabaya is Indonesia's second-largest city with a population of over 2.7 million , and the capital of the province of East Java...
. Cable TV in Indonesia is using DVB-C
DVB-C
DVB-C stands for Digital Video Broadcasting - Cable and it is the DVB European consortium standard for the broadcast transmission of digital television over cable...
format.
Mobile
Mobile TV has two categories, free-to-air and Pay TV. Free-to-air TV available for years in Indonesia. Free-to-air is using analogue technology like UHF/VHF. Now free-to-air TV has adopted digital technology. In Indonesia, free-to-air TV is using DVB-HDVB-H
DVB-H is one of three prevalent mobile TV formats. It is a technical specification for bringing broadcast services to mobile handsets. DVB-H was formally adopted as ETSI standard EN 302 304 in November 2004. The DVB-H specification can be downloaded from the official DVB-H website...
format.
There is only one operator for Mobile Pay TV in Indonesia. Mobile TV is currently only available in Jakarta
Jakarta
Jakarta is the capital and largest city of Indonesia. Officially known as the Special Capital Territory of Jakarta, it is located on the northwest coast of Java, has an area of , and a population of 9,580,000. Jakarta is the country's economic, cultural and political centre...
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