Xeon
Encyclopedia
The Xeon is a brand of multiprocessing- or multi-socket-capable x86 microprocessor
s from Intel Corporation
targeted at the non-consumer server
, workstation
and embedded system
markets.
processors. Older models added the Xeon moniker to the end of the name of their corresponding desktop processor, but more recent models used the name Xeon on its own. The Xeon CPUs generally have more cache
than their desktop counterparts in addition to multiprocessing capabilities.
The first Xeon-branded processor was the Pentium II Xeon (code-named "Drake"). It was released in 1998, replacing the Pentium Pro
in Intel's server lineup. The Pentium II Xeon was a "Deschutes" Pentium II
(and shared the same product code: 80523) with a full-speed 512 KB, 1 MB, or 2 MB L2 cache
. The L2 cache was implemented with custom 512 KB SRAMs developed by Intel. The number of SRAMs depended on the amount of cache. A 512 KB configuration required one SRAM, a 1 MB configuration: two SRAMs, and a 2 MB configuration: four SRAMs on both sides of the PCB. Each SRAM was a 12.90 mm by 17.23 mm (222.21 mm²) die fabricated in a 0.35 µm four-layer metal CMOS process and packaged in a cavity-down wire-bonded land grid array
(LGA). The additional cache required a larger module and thus the Pentium II Xeon used a larger slot, Slot 2
. It was supported by the 440GX dual-processor workstation chipset
and the 450NX quad- or octo-processor chipset.
Xeon was replaced by the Pentium III
Xeon. Reflecting the incremental changes from the Pentium II "Deschutes" core to the Pentium III "Katmai" core, the first Pentium III Xeon, named "Tanner", was just like its predecessor except for the addition of Streaming SIMD Extensions
(SSE) and a few cache controller improvements. The product codes for Tanner mirrored that of Katmai; 80525.
The second version, named "Cascades", was based on the Pentium III "Coppermine" core. The "Cascades" Xeon used a 133 MT/s bus and relatively small 256 KB on-die L2 cache resulting in almost the same capabilities as the Slot 1
Coppermine processors, which were capable of dual-processor operation but not quad-processor operation.
To improve this situation, Intel released another version, officially also named "Cascades", but often referred to as "Cascades 2 MB". That came in two variants: with 1 MB or 2 MB of L2 cache. Its bus speed was fixed at 100 MT/s, though in practice the cache was able to offset this. The product code for Cascades mirrored that of Coppermine; 80526.
("Willamette"). It was a decent chip for workstations, but for server applications it was almost always outperformed by the older Cascades cores with a 2 MB L2 cache and AMD's Athlon MP
. Combined with the need to use expensive Rambus Dynamic RAM
, the Foster's sales were somewhat unimpressive.
At most two Foster processors could be accommodated in a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP
) system built with a mainstream chipset, so a second version (Foster MP) was introduced with a 1 MB L3 cache and the Jackson Hyper-Threading
capacity. This improved performance slightly, but not enough to lift it out of third place. It was also priced much higher than the dual-processor (DP) versions. The Foster shared the 80528 product code with Willamette.
version of Xeon branded CPU, codenamed "Prestonia". It supported Intel's new Hyper-Threading technology and had a 512 KB L2 cache. This was based on the "Northwood" Pentium 4 core. A new server chipset, E7500 (which allowed the use of dual-channel DDR SDRAM
), was released to support this processor in servers, and soon the bus speed was boosted to 533 MT/s (accompanied by new chipsets: the E7501 for servers and the E7505 for workstations). The Prestonia performed much better than its predecessor and noticeably better than Athlon MP. The support of new features in the E75xx series also gave it a key advantage over the Pentium III Xeon and Athlon MP branded CPUs (both stuck with rather old chipsets), and it quickly became the top-selling server/workstation processor.
and Itanium 2 processors, AMD was able to introduce x86-64
, a 64-bit extension to the x86 architecture
. Intel followed suit by including Intel 64 (formerly EM64T; it is almost identical to AMD64) in
the 90 nm
version of the Pentium 4 ("Prescott"), and a Xeon version codenamed "Nocona" with 1 MB L2 cache was released in 2004. Released with it were the E7525 (workstation), E7520 and E7320 (both server) chipsets, which added support for PCI Express
, DDR-II
and Serial ATA
. The Xeon was noticeably slower than AMD's Opteron, although it could be faster in situations where Hyper-Threading came into play.
A slightly updated core called "Irwindale" was released in early 2005, with 2 MB L2 cache and the ability to have its clock speed reduced during low processor demand. Although it was a bit more competitive than the Nocona had been, independent tests showed that AMD's Opteron still outperformed Irwindale. Both of these Prescott-derived Xeons have the product code 80546.
CPU branded Xeon, codenamed Paxville DP, product code 80551, was released by Intel on 10 October 2005. Paxville DP had NetBurst microarchitecture, and was a dual-core equivalent of the single-core Irwindale (related to the Pentium D
branded "Smithfield"") with 4 MB of L2 Cache (2 MB per core). The only Paxville DP model released ran at 2.8 GHz, featured an 800 MT/s front side bus, and was produced using a 90 nm process
.
http://download.intel.com/design/Xeon/specupdt/31455401.pdf. Tulsa was released in two lines: the N-line uses a 667 MT/s FSB, and the M-line uses an 800 MT/s FSB. The N-line ranges from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz (model numbers 7110N-7150N), and the M-line ranges from 2.6 GHz to 3.4 GHz (model numbers 7110M-7140M). L3 cache ranges from 4 MB to 16 MB across the models.
, and is virtually identical to Intel's "Presler" Pentium Extreme Edition, except for the addition of SMP support, which lets Dempsey operate in dual-processor systems. Dempsey ranges between 2.50 GHz and 3.73 GHz (model numbers 5020-5080). Some models have a 667 MT/s FSB, and others have a 1066 MT/s FSB. Dempsey has 4 MB of L2 Cache (2 MB per core). A Medium Voltage model, at 3.2 GHz and 1066 MT/s FSB (model number 5063), has also been released. Dempsey also introduces a new interface for Xeon processors: LGA 771
, also known as Socket J. Dempsey was the first Xeon core in a long time to be somewhat competitive with its Opteron-based counterparts, although it could not claim a decisive lead in any performance metric - that would have to wait for its successor, the Woodcrest.
(TDP) of 31 W
(LV: 1.66 GHz, 2 GHz and 2.16 GHz) and 15 W (ULV: 1.66 GHz). As such, it supported most of the same features as earlier Xeons: Virtualization Technology, 667 MT/s front side bus, and dual-core processing, but did not support 64-bit operations, so could not run 64-bit server software, such as Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, and therefore was limited to 16 GB of memory. A planned successor, codenamed "Merom
MP" was to be a drop-in upgrade to enable Sossaman-based servers to upgrade to 64-bit capability. However, this was abandoned in favour of low-voltage versions of the Woodcrest LV processor leaving the Sossaman at a dead-end with no upgrade path.
or as Pentium Dual-Core and Celeron
, with varying features disabled.
They use LGA 775 (Socket T), operate on a 1066 MHz front-side bus, support Enhanced Intel Speedstep Technology and Intel Virtualization Technology but do not support Hyper-Threading. Conroe Processors with a number ending in "5" have a 1333 MT/s FSB.
E7000/E8000 and Pentium Dual-Core E5000 processors, featuring the same 45 nm process
and 6 MB of L2 cache. Unlike most Xeon processors, they only support single-CPU operation. They use LGA 775 (Socket T), operate on a 1333 MHz front-side bus, support Enhanced Intel Speedstep Technology and Intel Virtualization Technology but do not support Hyper-Threading.
processor. Intel claims that it provides an 80% boost in performance, while reducing power consumption by 20% relative to the Pentium D.
Most models have a 1333 MT/s FSB, except for the 5110 and 5120, which have a 1066 MT/s FSB. The fastest processor (5160) operates at 3.0 GHz. All Woodcrests use LGA 771
and all except two models have a TDP of 65 W. The 5160 has a TDP of 80 W and the 5148LV (2.33 GHz) has a TDP of 40 W. The previous generation Xeons had a TDP of 130 W. All models support Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit
, and Virtualization Technology
, with the "Demand Based Switching" power management option only on Dual-Core Xeon 5140 or above. Woodcrest has 4 MB of shared L2 Cache.
like the desktop Core 2 Duo and Xeon-SP Wolfdale
, featuring Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit
, and Virtualization Technology
. It is unclear whether the "Demand Based Switching" power management is available on the L5238. Wolfdale has 6 MB of shared L2 Cache.
http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/10/23/intel_shows_tigerton/ http://www.engadget.com/2006/10/23/intel-previews-quad-core-xeon-tigerton-server-processor/http://theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=38970
http://download.intel.com/design/xeon/datashts/318080.pdf
. The models are the X3320, X3350, X3360 and X3370, running at 2.50 GHz, 2.66 GHz, 2.83 GHz and 3.0 GHz, respectively. The L2 cache is a unified 6 MB per die (except for the X3320 with a smaller 3 MB L2 cache per die), and a front-side bus of 1333 MHz. All models feature Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit
, and Virtualization Technology
, as well as "Demand Based Switching".
The Yorkfield-CL (product code 80584) variant of these processors are X3323, X3353 and X3363, a reduced TDP of 80W and are made for single-CPU LGA 771
systems instead of LGA 775, which is used in all other Yorkfield processors. Otherwise they are identical to their Yorkfield counterparts.
. All Clovertowns use the LGA 771
package. The Clovertown has been usually implemented with two Woodcrest dies on a multi-chip module
, with 8 MB of L2 cache (4 MB per die). Like Woodcrest, lower models use a 1066 MT/s FSB, and higher models use a 1333 MT/s FSB. Intel released Clovertown, product code 80563, on 14 November 2006 with models E5310, E5320, E5335, E5345, and X5355, ranging from 1.6 GHz to 2.66 GHz. All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), Intel VT. The E and X designations are borrowed from Intel's Core 2 model numbering scheme; an ending of -0 implies a 1066 MT/s FSB, and an ending of -5 implies a 1333 MT/s FSB. All models have a TDP of 80 W with the exception of the X5355, which has a TDP of 120 W. A low-voltage version of Clovertown with a TDP of 50 W has a model numbers L5310, L5320 and L5335 (1.6 GHz, 1.86 GHz and 2.0 GHz respectively). The 3.0 GHz X5365 arrived in July 2007, and became available in the Apple Mac Pro
http://www.apple.com/macpro on 4 April 2007.http://tgdaily.com/2006/09/26/intel_core_2_quad_announcement/ The X5365 performs up to around 38 GFLOPS in the LINPACK benchmark. http://www.intel.com/performance/server/xeon/hpcapp.htm
-based Xeons - called Harpertown (product code 80574) - to the public.http://download.intel.com/design/xeon/datashts/318589.pdf This family consists of dual die quad-core CPUs manufactured on a 45 nm process
and featuring 1333 MHz to 1600 MHz front-side buses, with TDP rated from 50 W to 150 W depending on the model. These processors fit in the LGA 771
package. All models feature Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit
, and Virtualization Technology
. All except the E5405 also feature Demand Based Switching.
The supplementary character in front of the model-number represents the thermal rating: an L depicts a TDP of 50 W, an E depicts 80 W whereas an X is 120 W TDP or above. The speed of 3.00 GHz comes as four models, two models with 80 W TDP two other models with 120 W TDP with 1333 MHz or 1600 MHz front-side bus respectively. The fastest Harpertown is the X5492 whose TDP of 150 W is higher than those of the Prescott-based Xeon DP but having twice as many cores. (The X5482 is also sold under the name "Core 2 Extreme QX9775" for use in the Intel SkullTrail
system.)
Intel 1600 MHz front-side bus Xeon processors will drop into the Seaburg chipset whereas several mainboards featuring the Intel 5000/5200-chipset are enabled to run the processors with 1333 MHz front-side bus processors. Seaburg features support for dual slots and up to 128 GB of memory.
) and more capable quad-core processor, consisting of two dual core Core2 architecture silicon chips on a single ceramic module, similar to Intel's Xeon 5300 series Clovertown processor modules.
The 7300 series uses Intel's Caneland (Clarksboro) platform.
Intel claims the 7300 series Xeons offer more than twice the performance and more than three times the performance per watt as Intel's previous generation 7100 series. The 7300 series' Caneland chipset provides a point to point interface allowing the full front side bus bandwidth per processor.
The 7xxx series is aimed at the large server market, supporting configurations of up to 32 CPUs per host.
dual-core Wolfdale dies), and 96 KB L1 cache (Data) and 16 MB of L3 cache. It features 1066 MHz FSB
, fits into the Tigerton's mPGA604 socket, and is compatible with the both the Intel Caneland, and IBM X4 chipsets. These processors support DDR2-1066 (533 MHz), and have a maximum TDP
below 130 W. They are intended for blades and other stacked computer systems. Availability was scheduled for the second half of 2008. It was followed shortly by the Nehalem microarchitecture.
Announced on Sept. 15, 2008. Intel link
and Direct Media Interface
links, but no QuickPath Interface.
manufacturing methods as Intel's Penryn
. The first processor released with the Nehalem architecture is the desktop Intel Core i7, which was released in November 2008. This is the server version for single CPU systems.
This is a single-socket Intel Xeon processor.
The performance improvements over previous Xeon processors are based mainly on:
manufacturing methods as Intel's Penryn
. The first processor released with the Nehalem microarchitecture is the desktop Intel Core i7, which was released in November 2008. Server processors of the Xeon 55xx range were first supplied to testers in December 2008.
The performance improvements over previous Xeon processors are based mainly on:
connections on-die, core counts from 1 to 4 cores and power envelopes from 23 to 85 watts.
The uni-processor version without QPI comes as LC35xx and EC35xx, while the dual-processor version is sold as LC55xx and EC55xx and uses QPI for communication between the processors. Both versions use a DMI link to communicate with the 3420 that is also used in the 3400-series Lynfield Xeon processors, but use an LGA 1366 package that is otherwise used for processors with QPI but no DMI or PCI Express links. The CPUID code of both Lynnfield and Jasper forest is 106Ex, i.e. family 6, model 30.
The Celeron
P1053 belongs into the same family as the LC35xx series, but lacks some RAS
features that are present in the Xeon version.
package, replacing the Socket 604
used in the previous models, up to Xeon 7400 "Dunnington". The 75xx models have four QuickPath interfaces, so it can be used in up-to eight-socket configurations, while the 65xx models are only for up to two sockets. Designed by the Digital Enterprise Group (DEG) Santa Clara and Hudson Design Teams, Beckton is manufactured on the P1266 (45 nm) technology. Its launch in March 2010 coincided with that of its direct competitor, AMD's Opteron
6xxx "Magny-Cours".
Most models limit the number of cores and QPI links as well as the L3 Cache size in order to get a broader range of products out of the single chip design.
package like Beckton to support up to eight sockets.
Starting with Westmere-EX, the naming scheme has changes once again, with "E7-xxxx" now signifying the high-end line of Xeon processors using a package that supports larger than two-CPU configurations, formerly the 7xxx series. Similarly, the 3xxx uniprocessor and 5xxx dual-processor series turned into E3-xxxx and E5-xxxx, respectively, for later processors.
s based on Xeon processors that have been in the top ten of the Top500
fastest supercomputers in the world are:
Xeon processor based system, in the top 20 of the fastest systems by memory bandwidth as measured by STREAM benchmark:
Microprocessor
A microprocessor incorporates the functions of a computer's central processing unit on a single integrated circuit, or at most a few integrated circuits. It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and...
s from Intel Corporation
Intel Corporation
Intel Corporation is an American multinational semiconductor chip maker corporation headquartered in Santa Clara, California, United States and the world's largest semiconductor chip maker, based on revenue. It is the inventor of the x86 series of microprocessors, the processors found in most...
targeted at the non-consumer server
Server (computing)
In the context of client-server architecture, a server is a computer program running to serve the requests of other programs, the "clients". Thus, the "server" performs some computational task on behalf of "clients"...
, workstation
Workstation
A workstation is a high-end microcomputer designed for technical or scientific applications. Intended primarily to be used by one person at a time, they are commonly connected to a local area network and run multi-user operating systems...
and embedded system
Embedded system
An embedded system is a computer system designed for specific control functions within a larger system. often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. By contrast, a general-purpose computer, such as a personal...
markets.
Overview
The Xeon brand has been maintained over several generations of x86 and x86-64X86-64
x86-64 is an extension of the x86 instruction set. It supports vastly larger virtual and physical address spaces than are possible on x86, thereby allowing programmers to conveniently work with much larger data sets. x86-64 also provides 64-bit general purpose registers and numerous other...
processors. Older models added the Xeon moniker to the end of the name of their corresponding desktop processor, but more recent models used the name Xeon on its own. The Xeon CPUs generally have more cache
Cache
In computer engineering, a cache is a component that transparently stores data so that future requests for that data can be served faster. The data that is stored within a cache might be values that have been computed earlier or duplicates of original values that are stored elsewhere...
than their desktop counterparts in addition to multiprocessing capabilities.
| Intel Xeon processor family | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Server Server (computing) In the context of client-server architecture, a server is a computer program running to serve the requests of other programs, the "clients". Thus, the "server" performs some computational task on behalf of "clients"... - (UP/DP) 3000/5000 series |
Server - (MP) 7000 series | ||||
| Code-named | Core | Date released | Code-named | Core | Date released |
| Drake | (250 nm) | Jun 1998 | |||
| Tanner Cascades |
(250 nm) (180 nm) |
Mar 1999 Oct 1999 |
|||
| Foster Prestonia Gallatin Nocona Irwindale Paxville Dempsey |
(180 nm) (130 nm) (130 nm) (90 nm) (90 nm) dual (90 nm) dual (65 nm) |
May 2001 Feb 2002 Mar 2003 Jun 2004 Feb 2005 Oct 2005 May 2006 |
Foster MP Gallatin MP Cranford Potomac Paxville MP Tulsa |
(180 nm) (130 nm) (90 nm) (90 nm) dual (90 nm) dual (65 nm) |
Mar 2002 Nov 2002 Mar 2005 Mar 2005 Dec 2005 Aug 2006 |
| Sossaman Woodcrest Conroe Allendale Wolfdale Kentsfield Yorkfield |
dual (65 nm) dual (65 nm) dual (65 nm) dual (65 nm) dual (45 nm) quad (65 nm) quad (45 nm) |
Mar 2006 Jun 2006 Oct 2006 Jan 2007 Feb 2008 Jan 2007 Mar 2008 |
Tigerton Dunnington Dunnington |
dual (65 nm) quad (45 nm) six (45 nm) |
Sep 2007 Sep 2008 Sep 2008 |
| Wolfdale DP Clovertown Harpertown Nehalem-EP Bloomfield Beckton (65xx) Westmere-EX (E7-2xxx) Sandy Bridge |
dual (45 nm) quad (65 nm) quad (45 nm) dual/quad (45 nm) quad (45 nm) quad/six/eight (45 nm) six/eight/ten (32 nm) dual/quad (32 nm) |
Nov 2007 Nov 2006 Nov 2007 Mar 2009 Mar 2009 Mar 2010 |
Beckton (75xx) Westmere-EX (E7-4xxx/8xxx) |
quad/six/eight (45 nm) six/eight/ten (32 nm) |
|
| List of Intel Xeon microprocessors | |||||
Pentium II Xeon
Pentium Pro
The Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel introduced in November 1, 1995 . It introduced the P6 microarchitecture and was originally intended to replace the original Pentium in a full range of applications...
in Intel's server lineup. The Pentium II Xeon was a "Deschutes" Pentium II
Pentium II
The Pentium II brand refers to Intel's sixth-generation microarchitecture and x86-compatible microprocessors introduced on May 7, 1997. Containing 7.5 million transistors, the Pentium II featured an improved version of the first P6-generation core of the Pentium Pro, which contained 5.5 million...
(and shared the same product code: 80523) with a full-speed 512 KB, 1 MB, or 2 MB L2 cache
CPU cache
A CPU cache is a cache used by the central processing unit of a computer to reduce the average time to access memory. The cache is a smaller, faster memory which stores copies of the data from the most frequently used main memory locations...
. The L2 cache was implemented with custom 512 KB SRAMs developed by Intel. The number of SRAMs depended on the amount of cache. A 512 KB configuration required one SRAM, a 1 MB configuration: two SRAMs, and a 2 MB configuration: four SRAMs on both sides of the PCB. Each SRAM was a 12.90 mm by 17.23 mm (222.21 mm²) die fabricated in a 0.35 µm four-layer metal CMOS process and packaged in a cavity-down wire-bonded land grid array
Land grid array
The land grid array is a type of surface-mount packaging for integrated circuits that is notable for having the pins on the socket rather than the integrated circuit...
(LGA). The additional cache required a larger module and thus the Pentium II Xeon used a larger slot, Slot 2
Slot 2
Slot 2 refers to the physical and electrical specification for the 330-lead Single Edge Contact Cartridge used by some of Intel's Pentium II Xeon and certain models of the Pentium III Xeon....
. It was supported by the 440GX dual-processor workstation chipset
Chipset
A chipset, PC chipset, or chip set refers to a group of integrated circuits, or chips, that are designed to work together. They are usually marketed as a single product.- Computers :...
and the 450NX quad- or octo-processor chipset.
Pentium III Xeon
In 1999, the Pentium IIPentium II
The Pentium II brand refers to Intel's sixth-generation microarchitecture and x86-compatible microprocessors introduced on May 7, 1997. Containing 7.5 million transistors, the Pentium II featured an improved version of the first P6-generation core of the Pentium Pro, which contained 5.5 million...
Xeon was replaced by the Pentium III
Pentium III
The Pentium III brand refers to Intel's 32-bit x86 desktop and mobile microprocessors based on the sixth-generation P6 microarchitecture introduced on February 26, 1999. The brand's initial processors were very similar to the earlier Pentium II-branded microprocessors...
Xeon. Reflecting the incremental changes from the Pentium II "Deschutes" core to the Pentium III "Katmai" core, the first Pentium III Xeon, named "Tanner", was just like its predecessor except for the addition of Streaming SIMD Extensions
Streaming SIMD Extensions
In computing, Streaming SIMD Extensions is a SIMD instruction set extension to the x86 architecture, designed by Intel and introduced in 1999 in their Pentium III series processors as a reply to AMD's 3DNow! . SSE contains 70 new instructions, most of which work on single precision floating point...
(SSE) and a few cache controller improvements. The product codes for Tanner mirrored that of Katmai; 80525.
The second version, named "Cascades", was based on the Pentium III "Coppermine" core. The "Cascades" Xeon used a 133 MT/s bus and relatively small 256 KB on-die L2 cache resulting in almost the same capabilities as the Slot 1
Slot 1
Slot 1 refers to the physical and electrical specification for the connector used by some of Intel's microprocessors, including the Pentium Pro, Celeron, Pentium II and the Pentium III...
Coppermine processors, which were capable of dual-processor operation but not quad-processor operation.
To improve this situation, Intel released another version, officially also named "Cascades", but often referred to as "Cascades 2 MB". That came in two variants: with 1 MB or 2 MB of L2 cache. Its bus speed was fixed at 100 MT/s, though in practice the cache was able to offset this. The product code for Cascades mirrored that of Coppermine; 80526.
Foster
In mid-2001, the Xeon brand was introduced ("Pentium" was dropped from the name). The initial variant that used the new NetBurst microarchitecture, "Foster", was slightly different from the desktop Pentium 4Pentium 4
Pentium 4 was a line of single-core desktop and laptop central processing units , introduced by Intel on November 20, 2000 and shipped through August 8, 2008. They had a 7th-generation x86 microarchitecture, called NetBurst, which was the company's first all-new design since the introduction of the...
("Willamette"). It was a decent chip for workstations, but for server applications it was almost always outperformed by the older Cascades cores with a 2 MB L2 cache and AMD's Athlon MP
Athlon
Athlon is the brand name applied to a series of x86-compatible microprocessors designed and manufactured by Advanced Micro Devices . The original Athlon was the first seventh-generation x86 processor and, in a first, retained the initial performance lead it had over Intel's competing processors...
. Combined with the need to use expensive Rambus Dynamic RAM
RDRAM
Direct Rambus DRAM or DRDRAM is a type of synchronous dynamic RAM. RDRAM was developed by Rambus inc., in the mid-1990s as a replacement for then-prevalent DIMM SDRAM memory architecture....
, the Foster's sales were somewhat unimpressive.
At most two Foster processors could be accommodated in a symmetric multiprocessing (SMP
Symmetric multiprocessing
In computing, symmetric multiprocessing involves a multiprocessor computer hardware architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single shared main memory and are controlled by a single OS instance. Most common multiprocessor systems today use an SMP architecture...
) system built with a mainstream chipset, so a second version (Foster MP) was introduced with a 1 MB L3 cache and the Jackson Hyper-Threading
Hyper-threading
Hyper-threading is Intel's term for its simultaneous multithreading implementation in its Atom, Intel Core i3/i5/i7, Itanium, Pentium 4 and Xeon CPUs....
capacity. This improved performance slightly, but not enough to lift it out of third place. It was also priced much higher than the dual-processor (DP) versions. The Foster shared the 80528 product code with Willamette.
Prestonia
In 2002 Intel released a 130 nm130 nanometer
The 130 nm process refers to the level of semiconductor process technology that was reached in the 2000–2001 timeframe, by most leading semiconductor companies, like Intel, Texas Instruments, IBM, and TSMC....
version of Xeon branded CPU, codenamed "Prestonia". It supported Intel's new Hyper-Threading technology and had a 512 KB L2 cache. This was based on the "Northwood" Pentium 4 core. A new server chipset, E7500 (which allowed the use of dual-channel DDR SDRAM
DDR SDRAM
Double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory is a class of memory integrated circuits used in computers. DDR SDRAM has been superseded by DDR2 SDRAM and DDR3 SDRAM, neither of which are either forward or backward compatible with DDR SDRAM, meaning that DDR2 or DDR3 memory modules...
), was released to support this processor in servers, and soon the bus speed was boosted to 533 MT/s (accompanied by new chipsets: the E7501 for servers and the E7505 for workstations). The Prestonia performed much better than its predecessor and noticeably better than Athlon MP. The support of new features in the E75xx series also gave it a key advantage over the Pentium III Xeon and Athlon MP branded CPUs (both stuck with rather old chipsets), and it quickly became the top-selling server/workstation processor.
"Gallatin"
Subsequent to the Prestonia was the "Gallatin", which had an L3 cache of 1 MB or 2 MB. Its Xeon MP version also performed much better than the Foster MP, and was popular in servers. Later experience with the 130 nm process allowed Intel to create the Xeon MP branded Gallatin with 4 MB cache. The Xeon branded Prestonia and Gallatin were designated 80532, like Northwood.Nocona and Irwindale
Due to a lack of success with Intel's ItaniumItanium
Itanium is a family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture . Intel markets the processors for enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems...
and Itanium 2 processors, AMD was able to introduce x86-64
X86-64
x86-64 is an extension of the x86 instruction set. It supports vastly larger virtual and physical address spaces than are possible on x86, thereby allowing programmers to conveniently work with much larger data sets. x86-64 also provides 64-bit general purpose registers and numerous other...
, a 64-bit extension to the x86 architecture
X86 architecture
The term x86 refers to a family of instruction set architectures based on the Intel 8086 CPU. The 8086 was launched in 1978 as a fully 16-bit extension of Intel's 8-bit based 8080 microprocessor and also introduced segmentation to overcome the 16-bit addressing barrier of such designs...
. Intel followed suit by including Intel 64 (formerly EM64T; it is almost identical to AMD64) in
the 90 nm
90 nanometer
The 90 nm process refers to the level of CMOS process technology that was reached in the 2002–2003 timeframe, by most leading semiconductor companies, like Intel, AMD, Infineon, Texas Instruments, IBM, and TSMC....
version of the Pentium 4 ("Prescott"), and a Xeon version codenamed "Nocona" with 1 MB L2 cache was released in 2004. Released with it were the E7525 (workstation), E7520 and E7320 (both server) chipsets, which added support for PCI Express
PCI Express
PCI Express , officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a computer expansion card standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards...
, DDR-II
DDR2 SDRAM
DDR2 SDRAM is a double data rate synchronous dynamic random-access memory interface. It supersedes the original DDR SDRAM specification and has itself been superseded by DDR3 SDRAM...
and Serial ATA
Serial ATA
Serial ATA is a computer bus interface for connecting host bus adapters to mass storage devices such as hard disk drives and optical drives...
. The Xeon was noticeably slower than AMD's Opteron, although it could be faster in situations where Hyper-Threading came into play.
A slightly updated core called "Irwindale" was released in early 2005, with 2 MB L2 cache and the ability to have its clock speed reduced during low processor demand. Although it was a bit more competitive than the Nocona had been, independent tests showed that AMD's Opteron still outperformed Irwindale. Both of these Prescott-derived Xeons have the product code 80546.
Cranford and Potomac
64-bit Xeon MPs were introduced in April 2005. The cheaper "Cranford" was an MP version of Nocona, while the more expensive "Potomac" was a Cranford with 8 MB of L3 cache. Like Nocona and Irwindale, they also have product code 80546."Paxville DP"
The first dual-coreMulti-core (computing)
A multi-core processor is a single computing component with two or more independent actual processors , which are the units that read and execute program instructions...
CPU branded Xeon, codenamed Paxville DP, product code 80551, was released by Intel on 10 October 2005. Paxville DP had NetBurst microarchitecture, and was a dual-core equivalent of the single-core Irwindale (related to the Pentium D
Pentium D
The Pentium D brand refers to two series of desktop dual-core 64-bit x86-64 microprocessors with the NetBurst microarchitecture manufactured by Intel. Each CPU comprised two dies, each containing a single core, residing next to each other on a multi-chip module package. The brand's first processor,...
branded "Smithfield"") with 4 MB of L2 Cache (2 MB per core). The only Paxville DP model released ran at 2.8 GHz, featured an 800 MT/s front side bus, and was produced using a 90 nm process
90 nanometer
The 90 nm process refers to the level of CMOS process technology that was reached in the 2002–2003 timeframe, by most leading semiconductor companies, like Intel, AMD, Infineon, Texas Instruments, IBM, and TSMC....
.
7000-series "Paxville MP"
An MP-capable version of Paxville DP, codenamed Paxville MP, product code 80560, was released on 1 November 2005. There are two versions: one with 2 MB of L2 Cache (1 MB per core), and one with 4 MB of L2 (2 MB per core). Paxville MP, called the dual-core Xeon 7000-series, was produced using a 90 nm process. Paxville MP clock ranges between 2.67 GHz and 3.0 GHz (model numbers 7020-7041), with some models having a 667 MT/s FSB, and others having an 800 MT/s FSB.| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7020 | 2.66 | 2x1 | 667 | 165 |
| 7030 | 2.80 | 2x1 | 800 | 165 |
| 7040 | 3.00 | 2x2 | 667 | 165 |
| 7041 | 3.00 | 2x2 | 800 | 165 |
7100-series "Tulsa"
Released on 29 August 2006, the 7100 series, codenamed Tulsa (product code 80550), is an improved version of Paxville MP, built on a 65 nm process, with 2 MB of L2 cache (1 MB per core) and up to 16 MB of L3 cache. It uses Socket 604Socket 604
Socket 604 is a 604 pin microprocessor socket designed to interface an Intel's Xeon processor to the rest of the computer. It provides both an electrical interface as well as physical support. This socket is designed to support a heatsink....
http://download.intel.com/design/Xeon/specupdt/31455401.pdf. Tulsa was released in two lines: the N-line uses a 667 MT/s FSB, and the M-line uses an 800 MT/s FSB. The N-line ranges from 2.5 GHz to 3.5 GHz (model numbers 7110N-7150N), and the M-line ranges from 2.6 GHz to 3.4 GHz (model numbers 7110M-7140M). L3 cache ranges from 4 MB to 16 MB across the models.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | L3 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 7110N | 2.50 | 2 | 4 | 667 | 95 |
| 7110M | 2.60 | 2 | 4 | 800 | 95 |
| 7120N | 3.00 | 2 | 4 | 667 | 95 |
| 7120M | 3.00 | 2 | 4 | 800 | 95 |
| 7130N | 3.16 | 2 | 8 | 667 | 150 |
| 7130M | 3.20 | 2 | 8 | 800 | 150 |
| 7140N | 3.33 | 2 | 16 | 667 | 150 |
| 7140M | 3.40 | 2 | 16 | 800 | 150 |
5000-series "Dempsey"
On 23 May 2006, Intel released the dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5000 series) codenamed Dempsey (product code 80555). Released as the Dual-Core Xeon 5000-series, Dempsey is a NetBurst microarchitecture processor produced using a 65 nm process65 nanometer
The 65 nm process is an advanced lithographic node used in volume CMOS semiconductor fabrication. Printed linewidths can reach as low as 25 nm on a nominally 65 nm process, while the pitch between two lines may be greater than 130 nm.. For comparison, cellular ribosomes are...
, and is virtually identical to Intel's "Presler" Pentium Extreme Edition, except for the addition of SMP support, which lets Dempsey operate in dual-processor systems. Dempsey ranges between 2.50 GHz and 3.73 GHz (model numbers 5020-5080). Some models have a 667 MT/s FSB, and others have a 1066 MT/s FSB. Dempsey has 4 MB of L2 Cache (2 MB per core). A Medium Voltage model, at 3.2 GHz and 1066 MT/s FSB (model number 5063), has also been released. Dempsey also introduces a new interface for Xeon processors: LGA 771
LGA 771
LGA 771, also known as Socket J, is a CPU interface introduced by Intel in 2006. It is used in Intel Core microarchitecture based DP-capable server processors, the Dual-Core Xeon is codenamed Dempsey, Woodcrest, and Wolfdale and the Quad-Core processors Clovertown, Harpertown...
, also known as Socket J. Dempsey was the first Xeon core in a long time to be somewhat competitive with its Opteron-based counterparts, although it could not claim a decisive lead in any performance metric - that would have to wait for its successor, the Woodcrest.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5020 | 2.50 | 2x2 | 667 | 95 |
| 5030 | 2.66 | 2x2 | 667 | 95 |
| 5040 | 2.83 | 2x2 | 667 | 95 |
| 5050 | 3.00 | 2x2 | 667 | 95 |
| 5060 | 3.20 | 2x2 | 1066 | 130 |
| 5063 | 3.20 | 2x2 | 1066 | 95 |
| 5070 | 3.46 | 2x2 | 1066 | 130 |
| 5080 | 3.73 | 2x2 | 1066 | 130 |
LV (ULV), "Sossaman"
On 14 March 2006, Intel released a dual-core processor codenamed Sossaman and branded as Xeon LV (low-voltage). Subsequently an ULV (ultra-low-voltage) version was released. The Sossaman was a low-/ultra-low-power and double-processor capable CPU (like AMD Quad FX), based on the "Yonah" processor, for ultradense non-consumer environment (i.e. targeted at the blade-server and embedded markets), and was rated at a thermal design powerThermal Design Power
The thermal design power , sometimes called thermal design point, refers to the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's CPU cooling system may be designed for a 20 watt TDP, which means that it can dissipate up to 20 watts of heat...
(TDP) of 31 W
Watt
The watt is a derived unit of power in the International System of Units , named after the Scottish engineer James Watt . The unit, defined as one joule per second, measures the rate of energy conversion.-Definition:...
(LV: 1.66 GHz, 2 GHz and 2.16 GHz) and 15 W (ULV: 1.66 GHz). As such, it supported most of the same features as earlier Xeons: Virtualization Technology, 667 MT/s front side bus, and dual-core processing, but did not support 64-bit operations, so could not run 64-bit server software, such as Microsoft Exchange Server 2007, and therefore was limited to 16 GB of memory. A planned successor, codenamed "Merom
Merom (microprocessor)
Merom is the code name for various Intel processors that are sold as Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Solo, Pentium Dual-Core and Celeron. It was the first mobile processor to be based on the Core microarchitecture, replacing the Enhanced Pentium M based Yonah processor. Merom has product code 80537, which is...
MP" was to be a drop-in upgrade to enable Sossaman-based servers to upgrade to 64-bit capability. However, this was abandoned in favour of low-voltage versions of the Woodcrest LV processor leaving the Sossaman at a dead-end with no upgrade path.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ULV 1.66 | 1.66 | 2 | 667 | 15 |
| LV 1.66 | 1.66 | 2 | 667 | 31 |
| LV 2.00 | 2.00 | 2 | 667 | 31 |
| LV 2.16 | 2.16 | 2 | 667 | 31 |
3000-series "Conroe"
The 3000 series, codenamed Conroe (product code 80557) dual-core Xeon (branded) CPU, released at the end of September 2006, was the first Xeon for single-CPU operation. The same processor is branded as Core 2 DuoIntel Core 2
Core 2 is a brand encompassing a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two cores, packaged in a...
or as Pentium Dual-Core and Celeron
Celeron
Celeron is a brand name given by Intel Corp. to a number of different x86 computer microprocessor models targeted at budget personal computers....
, with varying features disabled.
They use LGA 775 (Socket T), operate on a 1066 MHz front-side bus, support Enhanced Intel Speedstep Technology and Intel Virtualization Technology but do not support Hyper-Threading. Conroe Processors with a number ending in "5" have a 1333 MT/s FSB.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3040 | 1.86 | 2 | 1066 | 65 |
| 3050 | 2.13 | 2 | 1066 | 65 |
| 3055* | 2.13 | 4 | 1066 | 65 |
| 3060 | 2.4 | 4 | 1066 | 65 |
| 3065 | 2.33 | 4 | 1333 | 65 |
| 3070 | 2.66 | 4 | 1066 | 65 |
| 3075 | 2.66 | 4 | 1333 | 65 |
| 3080* | 2.93 | 4 | 1066 | 65 |
| 3085 | 3.00 | 4 | 1333 | 65 |
- Models marked with a star are not present in Intel's database
3100-series "Wolfdale"
The 3100 series, codenamed Wolfdale (product code 80570) dual-core Xeon (branded) CPU, was just a rebranded version of the Intel's mainstream Core 2 DuoIntel Core 2
Core 2 is a brand encompassing a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two cores, packaged in a...
E7000/E8000 and Pentium Dual-Core E5000 processors, featuring the same 45 nm process
45 nanometer
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm technology node should refer to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame....
and 6 MB of L2 cache. Unlike most Xeon processors, they only support single-CPU operation. They use LGA 775 (Socket T), operate on a 1333 MHz front-side bus, support Enhanced Intel Speedstep Technology and Intel Virtualization Technology but do not support Hyper-Threading.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E3110 | 3.00 | 6 | 1333 | 65 |
| L3110 | 3.00 | 6 | 1333 | 45 |
| E3120 | 3.16 | 6 | 1333 | 65 |
5100-series "Woodcrest"
On 26 June 2006, Intel released the dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5100 series) codenamed Woodcrest (product code 80556); it was the first Intel Core microarchitecture processor to be launched on the market. It is a server and workstation version of the Intel Core 2Intel Core 2
Core 2 is a brand encompassing a range of Intel's consumer 64-bit x86-64 single-, dual-, and quad-core microprocessors based on the Core microarchitecture. The single- and dual-core models are single-die, whereas the quad-core models comprise two dies, each containing two cores, packaged in a...
processor. Intel claims that it provides an 80% boost in performance, while reducing power consumption by 20% relative to the Pentium D.
Most models have a 1333 MT/s FSB, except for the 5110 and 5120, which have a 1066 MT/s FSB. The fastest processor (5160) operates at 3.0 GHz. All Woodcrests use LGA 771
LGA 771
LGA 771, also known as Socket J, is a CPU interface introduced by Intel in 2006. It is used in Intel Core microarchitecture based DP-capable server processors, the Dual-Core Xeon is codenamed Dempsey, Woodcrest, and Wolfdale and the Quad-Core processors Clovertown, Harpertown...
and all except two models have a TDP of 65 W. The 5160 has a TDP of 80 W and the 5148LV (2.33 GHz) has a TDP of 40 W. The previous generation Xeons had a TDP of 130 W. All models support Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit
NX bit
The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors...
, and Virtualization Technology
X86 virtualization
In computing, x86 virtualization is the facility that allows multiple operating systems to simultaneously share x86 processor resources in a safe and efficient manner, a facility generically known as hardware virtualization...
, with the "Demand Based Switching" power management option only on Dual-Core Xeon 5140 or above. Woodcrest has 4 MB of shared L2 Cache.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5110 | 1.60 | 4 | 1066 | 65 |
| 5120 | 1.83 | 4 | 1066 | 65 |
| 5128 | 1.83 | 4 | 1066 | 40 |
| 5130 | 2.0 | 4 | 1333 | 65 |
| 5138 | 2.13 | 4 | 1066 | 35 |
| 5140 | 2.33 | 4 | 1333 | 65 |
| 5148 | 2.33 | 4 | 1333 | 40 |
| 5150 | 2.66 | 4 | 1333 | 65 |
| 5160 | 3.00 | 4 | 1333 | 80 |
5200-series "Wolfdale-DP"
On 11 November 2007, Intel released the dual-core CPU (Xeon branded 5200 series) codenamed Wolfdale-DP (product code 80573). It is built on a 45 nm process45 nanometer
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm technology node should refer to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame....
like the desktop Core 2 Duo and Xeon-SP Wolfdale
Wolfdale (microprocessor)
Wolfdale is the code name for a processor from Intel that is sold in varying configurations as Core 2 Duo, Celeron, Pentium and Xeon. In Intel's Tick-Tock cycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was Penryn microarchitecture, the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23...
, featuring Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit
NX bit
The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors...
, and Virtualization Technology
X86 virtualization
In computing, x86 virtualization is the facility that allows multiple operating systems to simultaneously share x86 processor resources in a safe and efficient manner, a facility generically known as hardware virtualization...
. It is unclear whether the "Demand Based Switching" power management is available on the L5238. Wolfdale has 6 MB of shared L2 Cache.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E5205 | 1.86 | 6 | 1066 | 65 |
| L5238 | 2.66 | 6 | 1333 | 35 |
| X5260 | 3.33 | 6 | 1333 | 80 |
| X5270 | 3.50 | 6 | 1333 | 80 |
| X5272 | 3.40 | 6 | 1600 | 80 |
7200-series "Tigerton"
The 7200 series, codenamed Tigerton (product code 80564) is an MP-capable processor, similar to the 7300 series, but, in contrast, only one core is active on each silicon chip, and the other one is turned off (blocked), resulting as a dual-core capable processor.http://www.theregister.co.uk/2006/10/23/intel_shows_tigerton/ http://www.engadget.com/2006/10/23/intel-previews-quad-core-xeon-tigerton-server-processor/http://theinquirer.net/default.aspx?article=38970
http://download.intel.com/design/xeon/datashts/318080.pdf
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E7210 | 2.40 | 2x4 | 1066 | 80 |
| E7220 | 2.93 | 2x4 | 1066 | 81 |
3200-series "Kentsfield"
Intel released relabeled versions of its quad-core (2x2) Core 2 Quad processor as the Xeon 3200-series (product code 80562) on 7 January 2007. The 2x2 "quad-core" (dual-die dual-core) comprised two separate dual-core die next to each other in one CPU package. The models are the X3210, X3220 and X3230, running at 2.13 GHz, 2.4 GHz and 2.66 GHz, respectively. Like the 3000-series, these models only support single-CPU operation and operate on a 1066 MHz front-side bus. It is targeted at the "blade" market. The X3220 is also branded and sold as Core2 Quad Q6600, the X3230 as Q6700.| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| X3210 | 2.13 | 2x4 | 1066 | 100/105 |
| X3220 | 2.40 | 2x4 | 1066 | 100/105 |
| X3230 | 2.66 | 2x4 | 1066 | 100 |
3300-series "Yorkfield"
Intel released relabeled versions of its quad-core Core 2 Quad Yorkfield Q9400 and Q9x50 processors as the Xeon 3300-series (product code 80569). It comprised two separate dual-core dies next to each other in one CPU package and manufactured in a 45 nm process45 nanometer
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm technology node should refer to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame....
. The models are the X3320, X3350, X3360 and X3370, running at 2.50 GHz, 2.66 GHz, 2.83 GHz and 3.0 GHz, respectively. The L2 cache is a unified 6 MB per die (except for the X3320 with a smaller 3 MB L2 cache per die), and a front-side bus of 1333 MHz. All models feature Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit
NX bit
The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors...
, and Virtualization Technology
X86 virtualization
In computing, x86 virtualization is the facility that allows multiple operating systems to simultaneously share x86 processor resources in a safe and efficient manner, a facility generically known as hardware virtualization...
, as well as "Demand Based Switching".
The Yorkfield-CL (product code 80584) variant of these processors are X3323, X3353 and X3363, a reduced TDP of 80W and are made for single-CPU LGA 771
LGA 771
LGA 771, also known as Socket J, is a CPU interface introduced by Intel in 2006. It is used in Intel Core microarchitecture based DP-capable server processors, the Dual-Core Xeon is codenamed Dempsey, Woodcrest, and Wolfdale and the Quad-Core processors Clovertown, Harpertown...
systems instead of LGA 775, which is used in all other Yorkfield processors. Otherwise they are identical to their Yorkfield counterparts.
5300-series "Clovertown"
A quad-core (2x2) successor of the Woodcrest for DP segment, consisting of two dual-core Woodcrest chips in one package similarly to the dual-core Pentium D branded CPUs (two single-core chips) or the quad-core KentsfieldKentsfield (microprocessor)
Kentsfield is the code name of the first Intel desktop quad core CPU branded Core 2 , released on November 2, 2006. The top-of-the-line Kentsfields were Core 2 Extreme models numbered QX6xx0, while the mainstream ones branded Core 2 Quad were numbered Q6xx0. All of them featured two 4 MB L2...
. All Clovertowns use the LGA 771
LGA 771
LGA 771, also known as Socket J, is a CPU interface introduced by Intel in 2006. It is used in Intel Core microarchitecture based DP-capable server processors, the Dual-Core Xeon is codenamed Dempsey, Woodcrest, and Wolfdale and the Quad-Core processors Clovertown, Harpertown...
package. The Clovertown has been usually implemented with two Woodcrest dies on a multi-chip module
Multi-Chip Module
A multi-chip module is a specialized electronic package where multiple integrated circuits , semiconductor dies or other discrete components are packaged onto a unifying substrate, facilitating their use as a single component...
, with 8 MB of L2 cache (4 MB per die). Like Woodcrest, lower models use a 1066 MT/s FSB, and higher models use a 1333 MT/s FSB. Intel released Clovertown, product code 80563, on 14 November 2006 with models E5310, E5320, E5335, E5345, and X5355, ranging from 1.6 GHz to 2.66 GHz. All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), Intel VT. The E and X designations are borrowed from Intel's Core 2 model numbering scheme; an ending of -0 implies a 1066 MT/s FSB, and an ending of -5 implies a 1333 MT/s FSB. All models have a TDP of 80 W with the exception of the X5355, which has a TDP of 120 W. A low-voltage version of Clovertown with a TDP of 50 W has a model numbers L5310, L5320 and L5335 (1.6 GHz, 1.86 GHz and 2.0 GHz respectively). The 3.0 GHz X5365 arrived in July 2007, and became available in the Apple Mac Pro
Mac Pro
The Mac Pro is a workstation computer manufactured by Apple Inc. The machines are based on Xeon microprocessors, but are similar to the Power Mac G5 they replaced in terms of outward appearance and expansion capabilities...
http://www.apple.com/macpro on 4 April 2007.http://tgdaily.com/2006/09/26/intel_core_2_quad_announcement/ The X5365 performs up to around 38 GFLOPS in the LINPACK benchmark. http://www.intel.com/performance/server/xeon/hpcapp.htm
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E5310 | 1.60 | 2x4 | 1066 | 80 |
| L5310 | 1.60 | 2x4 | 1066 | 50 |
| E5320 | 1.86 | 2x4 | 1066 | 80 |
| L5320 | 1.86 | 2x4 | 1066 | 50 |
| E5335 | 2.00 | 2x4 | 1333 | 80 |
| L5335 | 2.00 | 2x4 | 1333 | 50 |
| E5345 | 2.33 | 2x4 | 1333 | 80 |
| X5355 | 2.66 | 2x4 | 1333 | 120 |
| X5365 | 3.00 | 2x4 | 1333 | 120 |
5400-series "Harpertown"
On 11 November 2007 Intel presented YorkfieldYorkfield (microprocessor)
Yorkfield is the code name for some Intel processors sold as Core 2 Quad and Xeon.In Intel's Tick-Tock cycle, the 2007/2008 "Tick" was Penryn microarchitecture, the shrink of the Core microarchitecture to 45 nanometers as CPUID model 23, replacing Kentsfield, the previous model.Like its...
-based Xeons - called Harpertown (product code 80574) - to the public.http://download.intel.com/design/xeon/datashts/318589.pdf This family consists of dual die quad-core CPUs manufactured on a 45 nm process
45 nanometer
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm technology node should refer to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame....
and featuring 1333 MHz to 1600 MHz front-side buses, with TDP rated from 50 W to 150 W depending on the model. These processors fit in the LGA 771
LGA 771
LGA 771, also known as Socket J, is a CPU interface introduced by Intel in 2006. It is used in Intel Core microarchitecture based DP-capable server processors, the Dual-Core Xeon is codenamed Dempsey, Woodcrest, and Wolfdale and the Quad-Core processors Clovertown, Harpertown...
package. All models feature Intel 64 (Intel's x86-64 implementation), the XD bit
NX bit
The NX bit, which stands for No eXecute, is a technology used in CPUs to segregate areas of memory for use by either storage of processor instructions or for storage of data, a feature normally only found in Harvard architecture processors...
, and Virtualization Technology
X86 virtualization
In computing, x86 virtualization is the facility that allows multiple operating systems to simultaneously share x86 processor resources in a safe and efficient manner, a facility generically known as hardware virtualization...
. All except the E5405 also feature Demand Based Switching.
The supplementary character in front of the model-number represents the thermal rating: an L depicts a TDP of 50 W, an E depicts 80 W whereas an X is 120 W TDP or above. The speed of 3.00 GHz comes as four models, two models with 80 W TDP two other models with 120 W TDP with 1333 MHz or 1600 MHz front-side bus respectively. The fastest Harpertown is the X5492 whose TDP of 150 W is higher than those of the Prescott-based Xeon DP but having twice as many cores. (The X5482 is also sold under the name "Core 2 Extreme QX9775" for use in the Intel SkullTrail
Intel Skulltrail
Intel's Skulltrail is an enthusiast gaming platform that was released on February 19, 2008. It is based on the company's 5400 "Seaburg" workstation chipset. The primary difference between Skulltrail and Intel's current and past enthusiast chipsets is a dual CPU socket design that allows two...
system.)
Intel 1600 MHz front-side bus Xeon processors will drop into the Seaburg chipset whereas several mainboards featuring the Intel 5000/5200-chipset are enabled to run the processors with 1333 MHz front-side bus processors. Seaburg features support for dual slots and up to 128 GB of memory.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E5405 | 2.00 | 2x6 | 1333 | 80 |
| E5410 | 2.33 | 2x6 | 1333 | 80 |
| L5410 | 2.33 | 2x6 | 1333 | 50 |
| E5420 | 2.50 | 2x6 | 1333 | 80 |
| L5420 | 2.50 | 2x6 | 1333 | 50 |
| E5430 | 2.66 | 2x6 | 1333 | 80 |
| L5430 | 2.66 | 2x6 | 1333 | 50 |
| E5440 | 2.83 | 2x6 | 1333 | 80 |
| X5450 | 3.00 | 2x6 | 1333 | 120 |
| E5450 | 3.00 | 2x6 | 1333 | 80 |
| X5460 | 3.16 | 2x6 | 1333 | 120 |
| X5470 | 3.33 | 2x6 | 1333 | 120 |
| E5462 | 2.80 | 2x6 | 1600 | 80 |
| E5472 | 3.00 | 2x6 | 1600 | 80 |
| X5472 | 3.00 | 2x6 | 1600 | 120 |
| X5482 | 3.20 | 2x6 | 1600 | 150 |
| X5492 | 3.40 | 2x6 | 1600 | 150 |
7300-series "Tigerton"
The 7300 series, codenamed Tigerton (product code 80565) is a four-socket (packaged in Socket 604Socket 604
Socket 604 is a 604 pin microprocessor socket designed to interface an Intel's Xeon processor to the rest of the computer. It provides both an electrical interface as well as physical support. This socket is designed to support a heatsink....
) and more capable quad-core processor, consisting of two dual core Core2 architecture silicon chips on a single ceramic module, similar to Intel's Xeon 5300 series Clovertown processor modules.
The 7300 series uses Intel's Caneland (Clarksboro) platform.
Intel claims the 7300 series Xeons offer more than twice the performance and more than three times the performance per watt as Intel's previous generation 7100 series. The 7300 series' Caneland chipset provides a point to point interface allowing the full front side bus bandwidth per processor.
The 7xxx series is aimed at the large server market, supporting configurations of up to 32 CPUs per host.
| model | Speed (GHz) | L2 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| E7310 | 1.60 | 2×2 | 1066 | 80 |
| E7320 | 2.13 | 2×2 | 1066 | 80 |
| E7330 | 2.40 | 2×3 | 1066 | 80 |
| E7340 | 2.40 | 2×4 | 1066 | 80 |
| L7345 | 1.86 | 2×4 | 1066 | 50 |
| X7350 | 2.93 | 2×4 | 1066 | 130 |
7400-series "Dunnington"
Dunnington - the last CPU of the Penryn generation and Intel's first multi-core (above two) die - features a single-die six- (or hexa-) core design with three unified 3 MB L2 caches (resembling three merged 45 nm45 nanometer
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm technology node should refer to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame....
dual-core Wolfdale dies), and 96 KB L1 cache (Data) and 16 MB of L3 cache. It features 1066 MHz FSB
Front side bus
A front-side bus is a computer communication interface often used in computers during the 1990s and 2000s.It typically carries data between the central processing unit and a memory controller hub, known as the northbridge....
, fits into the Tigerton's mPGA604 socket, and is compatible with the both the Intel Caneland, and IBM X4 chipsets. These processors support DDR2-1066 (533 MHz), and have a maximum TDP
Thermal Design Power
The thermal design power , sometimes called thermal design point, refers to the maximum amount of power the cooling system in a computer is required to dissipate. For example, a laptop's CPU cooling system may be designed for a 20 watt TDP, which means that it can dissipate up to 20 watts of heat...
below 130 W. They are intended for blades and other stacked computer systems. Availability was scheduled for the second half of 2008. It was followed shortly by the Nehalem microarchitecture.
Announced on Sept. 15, 2008. Intel link
| model | Speed (GHz) | L3 Cache (MB) | FSB (MHz) | TDP (W) | Cores |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E7420 | 2.13 | 8 | 1066 | 90 | 4 |
| E7430 | 2.13 | 12 | 1066 | 90 | 4 |
| E7440 | 2.40 | 16 | 1066 | 90 | 4 |
| L7445 | 2.13 | 12 | 1066 | 50 | 4 |
| E7450 | 2.40 | 12 | 1066 | 90 | 6 |
| L7455 | 2.13 | 12 | 1066 | 65 | 6 |
| X7460 | 2.66 | 16 | 1066 | 130 | 6 |
3400-series "Lynnfield"
Xeon 3400-series processors based on Lynnfield fill the gap between the previous 3300-series "Yorkfield" processors and the newer 3500-series "Bloomfield". Like Bloomfield, they are quad-core single-package processors based on the Nehalem microarchitecture, but were introduced almost a year later, in September 2009. The same processors are marketed for mid-range to high-end desktops systems as Core i5 and Core i7. They have two integrated memory channels as well as PCI ExpressPCI Express
PCI Express , officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a computer expansion card standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards...
and Direct Media Interface
Direct Media Interface
The Direct Media Interface is the link between an Intel northbridge and an Intel southbridge on a computer motherboard. It was first used between the 9xx chipsets and the ICH6, released in 2004. Previous chipsets had used the Hub Interface to perform the same function. Server chipsets use a...
links, but no QuickPath Interface.
3400-series "Clarkdale"
At low end of the 3400-series is not a Lynnfield but a Clarkdale processor, which is also used in the Core i3-500 and Core i5-600 processors as well as the Celeron G1000 and G6000 Pentium series. A single model was released in March 2010, the Xeon L3406. Compared to all other Clarkdale-based products, this one does not support integrated graphics, but has a much lower thermal design power of just 30 W. Compared to the Lynnfield-based Xeon 3400 models, it only offers two cores.3500-series "Bloomfield"
Bloomfield is the codename for the successor to the Xeon Core microarchitecture, is based on the Nehalem microarchitecture and uses the same 45 nm45 nanometer
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm technology node should refer to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame....
manufacturing methods as Intel's Penryn
Penryn (microprocessor)
Penryn is the code name of a processor from Intel that is sold in varying configurations as Core 2 Solo, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Pentium and Celeron....
. The first processor released with the Nehalem architecture is the desktop Intel Core i7, which was released in November 2008. This is the server version for single CPU systems.
This is a single-socket Intel Xeon processor.
The performance improvements over previous Xeon processors are based mainly on:
- Integrated memory controllerMemory controllerThe memory controller is a digital circuit which manages the flow of data going to and from the main memory. It can be a separate chip or integrated into another chip, such as on the die of a microprocessor...
supporting 3 Memory Channels of DDR3 UDIMM (Unbuffered) or RDIMM (Registered) - A new point-to-point processor interconnect QuickPath, replacing the legacy front side bus
- Simultaneous multithreading by multiple cores and hyper-threadingHyper-threadingHyper-threading is Intel's term for its simultaneous multithreading implementation in its Atom, Intel Core i3/i5/i7, Itanium, Pentium 4 and Xeon CPUs....
(2x per core).
| model | Speed (GHz) | L3 Cache (MB) | QPI speed (GT/s) | DDR3 Clock (MHz) | TDP (W) | Cores | Threads | Turbo-Boost Intel Turbo Boost Intel Turbo Boost is a technology implemented by Intel in certain versions of their Nehalem- and Sandy Bridge-based CPUs, including Core i5 and Core i7 that enables the processor to run above its base operating frequency via dynamic control of the CPU's "clock rate". It is activated when the... |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W3503 | 2.40 | 4 | 4.8 | 1066 | 130 | 2 | 2 | No |
| W3505 | 2.53 | 4 | 4.8 | 1066 | 130 | 2 | 2 | No |
| W3520 | 2.66 | 8 | 4.8 | 1066 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| W3530 | 2.80 | 8 | 4.8 | 1066 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| W3540 | 2.93 | 8 | 4.8 | 1066 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| W3550 | 3.06 | 8 | 4.8 | 1066 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| W3565 | 3.20 | 8 | 4.8 | 1066 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| W3570 | 3.2 | 8 | 6.4 | 1333 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| W3580 | 3.33 | 8 | 6.4 | 1333 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
5500-series "Gainestown"
Gainestown or Nehalem-EP, the successor to the Xeon Core microarchitecture, is based on the Nehalem microarchitecture and uses the same 45 nm45 nanometer
Per the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors, the 45 nm technology node should refer to the average half-pitch of a memory cell manufactured at around the 2007–2008 time frame....
manufacturing methods as Intel's Penryn
Penryn (microprocessor)
Penryn is the code name of a processor from Intel that is sold in varying configurations as Core 2 Solo, Core 2 Duo, Core 2 Quad, Pentium and Celeron....
. The first processor released with the Nehalem microarchitecture is the desktop Intel Core i7, which was released in November 2008. Server processors of the Xeon 55xx range were first supplied to testers in December 2008.
The performance improvements over previous Xeon processors are based mainly on:
- Integrated memory controllerMemory controllerThe memory controller is a digital circuit which manages the flow of data going to and from the main memory. It can be a separate chip or integrated into another chip, such as on the die of a microprocessor...
supporting three memory channels of DDR3 SDRAM. - A new point-to-point processor interconnect QuickPath, replacing the legacy front side bus. Gainestown has two QuickPath interfaces.
- Hyper-threadingHyper-threadingHyper-threading is Intel's term for its simultaneous multithreading implementation in its Atom, Intel Core i3/i5/i7, Itanium, Pentium 4 and Xeon CPUs....
(2x per core, starting from 5518), that was already present in pre-Core Duo processors.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L3 Cache (MB) | QPI speed (GT/s) | DDR3 Clock (MHz) | TDP (W) | Cores | Threads | Turbo-Boost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E5502 | 1.87 | 4 | 4.8 | 800 | 80 | 2 | 2 | No |
| E5503 | 2.00 | 4 | 4.8 | 800 | 80 | 2 | 2 | No |
| E5504 | 2.00 | 4 | 4.8 | 800 | 80 | 4 | 4 | No |
| E5506 | 2.13 | 4 | 4.8 | 800 | 80 | 4 | 4 | No |
| L5506 | 2.13 | 4 | 4.8 | 800 | 60 | 4 | 4 | No |
| E5507 | 2.26 | 4 | 4.8 | 800 | 80 | 4 | 4 | No |
| L5518 | 2.13 | 8 | 5.86 | 1066 | 60 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| E5520 | 2.26 | 8 | 5.86 | 1066 | 80 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| L5520 | 2.26 | 8 | 5.86 | 1066 | 60 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| E5530 | 2.40 | 8 | 5.86 | 1066 | 80 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| L5530 | 2.40 | 8 | 5.86 | 1066 | 60 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| E5540 | 2.53 | 8 | 5.86 | 1066 | 80 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| X5550 | 2.66 | 8 | 6.4 | 1333 | 95 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| X5560 | 2.80 | 8 | 6.4 | 1333 | 95 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| X5570 | 2.93 | 8 | 6.4 | 1333 | 95 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| W5580 | 3.20 | 8 | 6.4 | 1333 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
| W5590 | 3.33 | 8 | 6.4 | 1333 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Yes |
C3500/C5500-series "Jasper Forest"
Jasper Forest is a Nehalem-based embedded processor with PCI ExpressPCI Express
PCI Express , officially abbreviated as PCIe, is a computer expansion card standard designed to replace the older PCI, PCI-X, and AGP bus standards...
connections on-die, core counts from 1 to 4 cores and power envelopes from 23 to 85 watts.
The uni-processor version without QPI comes as LC35xx and EC35xx, while the dual-processor version is sold as LC55xx and EC55xx and uses QPI for communication between the processors. Both versions use a DMI link to communicate with the 3420 that is also used in the 3400-series Lynfield Xeon processors, but use an LGA 1366 package that is otherwise used for processors with QPI but no DMI or PCI Express links. The CPUID code of both Lynnfield and Jasper forest is 106Ex, i.e. family 6, model 30.
The Celeron
Celeron
Celeron is a brand name given by Intel Corp. to a number of different x86 computer microprocessor models targeted at budget personal computers....
P1053 belongs into the same family as the LC35xx series, but lacks some RAS
Reliability, Availability and Serviceability
reliability, availability, and serviceability are computer hardware engineering terms. It originated from IBM to advertise the robustness of their mainframe computers. The concept is often known by the acronym RAS....
features that are present in the Xeon version.
3600/5600-series "Gulftown"
Gulftown or Westmere-EP, a six-core 32 nm Westmere-based processor, is the basis for the Xeon 36xx and 56xx series and the Core i7-980X. It launched in the first quarter of 2010. The 36xx-series follows the 35xx-series Bloomfield uni-processor model while the 56xx-series follows the 55xx-series Gainestown dual-processor model and both are socket compatible to their predecessors.| Model | Speed (GHz) | L3 Cache (MB) | QPI speed (GT/s) | DDR3 Clock (MHz) | TDP (W) | Cores | Threads | Turbo-Boost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| W3670 | 3.20 | 12 | 4.8 | 1066 | 130 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| W3680 | 3.33 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 130 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| E5603 | 1.60 | 4 | 4.8 | 800 | 80 | 4 | 4 | N |
| L5609 | 1.86 | 12 | 4.8 | 1066 | 40 | 4 | 4 | N |
| L5618 | 1.86 | 12 | 5.86 | 1066 | 40 | 4 | 8 | Y |
| L5630 | 2.13 | 12 | 5.86 | 1066 | 40 | 4 | 8 | Y |
| E5606 | 2.13 | 8 | 4.8 | 800 | 80 | 4 | 4 | N |
| E5620 | 2.40 | 12 | 5.86 | 1066 | 80 | 4 | 8 | Y |
| E5630 | 2.53 | 12 | 5.86 | 1066 | 80 | 4 | 8 | Y |
| E5640 | 2.66 | 12 | 5.86 | 1066 | 80 | 4 | 8 | Y |
| X5667 | 3.06 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 95 | 4 | 8 | Y |
| X5677 | 3.46 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 130 | 4 | 8 | Y |
| L5638 | 2.00 | 12 | 5.86 | 1333 | 60 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| L5640 | 2.26 | 12 | 5.86 | 1333 | 60 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| E5645 | 2.40 | 12 | 5.86 | 1333 | 80 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| E5649 | 2.53 | 12 | 5.86 | 1333 | 80 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| X5650 | 2.66 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 95 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| X5660 | 2.80 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 95 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| X5670 | 2.93 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 95 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| X5675 | 3.06 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 95 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| X5680 | 3.33 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 130 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| X5690 | 3.46 | 12 | 6.4 | 1333 | 130 | 6 | 12 | Y |
| X5698 | 4.40 | 12 | 1066 | 130 | 2 | 4 | Y |
6500/7500-series "Beckton"
Beckton or Nehalem-EX (EXpandable server market) is a Nehalem-based processor with up to eight cores and uses buffering inside the chipset to support up to 16 standard DDR3 DIMMS per CPU socket without requiring the use of FB-DIMMS. Unlike all previous Xeon MP processors, Nehalem-EX uses the new LGA 1567LGA 1567
LGA 1567 is a CPU socket used for the high-end server segment. LGA 1567 has 1567 protruding pins to make contact with the pads on the processor.It supports Intel Nehalem, codenamed Beckton, Xeon 7500 and Xeon 6500 series processors first released in March 2010...
package, replacing the Socket 604
Socket 604
Socket 604 is a 604 pin microprocessor socket designed to interface an Intel's Xeon processor to the rest of the computer. It provides both an electrical interface as well as physical support. This socket is designed to support a heatsink....
used in the previous models, up to Xeon 7400 "Dunnington". The 75xx models have four QuickPath interfaces, so it can be used in up-to eight-socket configurations, while the 65xx models are only for up to two sockets. Designed by the Digital Enterprise Group (DEG) Santa Clara and Hudson Design Teams, Beckton is manufactured on the P1266 (45 nm) technology. Its launch in March 2010 coincided with that of its direct competitor, AMD's Opteron
Opteron
Opteron is AMD's x86 server and workstation processor line, and was the first processor which supported the AMD64 instruction set architecture . It was released on April 22, 2003 with the SledgeHammer core and was intended to compete in the server and workstation markets, particularly in the same...
6xxx "Magny-Cours".
Most models limit the number of cores and QPI links as well as the L3 Cache size in order to get a broader range of products out of the single chip design.
| Model | Speed (GHz) | L3 Cache (MB) | QPI speed (GT/s) | DDR3 Clock (MHz) | TDP (W) | Cores | Threads | Turbo-Boost |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E6510 | 1.73 | 12 | 2x4.8 | 800 | 105 | 4 | 8 | |
| E6540 | 2.00 | 18 | 2x6.4 | 1066 | 105 | 6 | 12 | |
| X6550 | 2.00 | 18 | 2x6.4 | 1066 | 130 | 8 | 16 | |
| E7520 | 1.86 | 18 | 3x4.8 | 800 | 95 | 4 | 8 | |
| E7530 | 1.86 | 12 | 3x5.8 | 1066 | 105 | 6 | 12 | |
| E7540 | 2.00 | 18 | 4x6.4 | 1066 | 105 | 6 | 12 | |
| X7542 | 2.66 | 18 | 4x5.8 | 1066 | 130 | 6 | 6 | 0/1/1/1 |
| L7545 | 1.86 | 18 | 4x5.8 | 1066 | 95 | 6 | 12 | 0/1/3/5 |
| X7550 | 2.00 | 18 | 4x6.4 | 1066 | 130 | 8 | 16 | |
| L7555 | 1.86 | 24 | 4x5.8 | 1066 | 95 | 8 | 16 | 1/2/4/5 |
| X7560 | 2.26 | 24 | 4x6.4 | 1066 | 130 | 8 | 16 |
E7-x8xx-series "Westmere-EX"
Westmere-EX is the follow-on to Beckton/Nehalem-EX and the first Intel Chip to have ten CPU cores. The microarchitecture is the same as in the six-core Gulftown/Westmere-EP processor, but it uses the LGA 1567LGA 1567
LGA 1567 is a CPU socket used for the high-end server segment. LGA 1567 has 1567 protruding pins to make contact with the pads on the processor.It supports Intel Nehalem, codenamed Beckton, Xeon 7500 and Xeon 6500 series processors first released in March 2010...
package like Beckton to support up to eight sockets.
Starting with Westmere-EX, the naming scheme has changes once again, with "E7-xxxx" now signifying the high-end line of Xeon processors using a package that supports larger than two-CPU configurations, formerly the 7xxx series. Similarly, the 3xxx uniprocessor and 5xxx dual-processor series turned into E3-xxxx and E5-xxxx, respectively, for later processors.
E3-12xx-series "Sandy Bridge"
The Xeon E3-12xx line of processors corresponds to the Desktop processors known as Core i3/i5/i7-2xxx and Pentium Gxxx.Future versions
Future Xeon processors based on the Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge microarchitectures will show up throughout 2011 and 2012 to replace the Nehalem/Westmere based products.Supercomputers
SupercomputerSupercomputer
A supercomputer is a computer at the frontline of current processing capacity, particularly speed of calculation.Supercomputers are used for highly calculation-intensive tasks such as problems including quantum physics, weather forecasting, climate research, molecular modeling A supercomputer is a...
s based on Xeon processors that have been in the top ten of the Top500
TOP500
The TOP500 project ranks and details the 500 most powerful known computer systems in the world. The project was started in 1993 and publishes an updated list of the supercomputers twice a year...
fastest supercomputers in the world are:
- After upgrades from Pentium ProPentium ProThe Pentium Pro is a sixth-generation x86 microprocessor developed and manufactured by Intel introduced in November 1, 1995 . It introduced the P6 microarchitecture and was originally intended to replace the original Pentium in a full range of applications...
to Xeon, ASCI RedASCI RedASCI Red was the first computer built under the Advanced Strategic Computing Initiative . ASCI Red was built by Intel and installed at Sandia in late 1996. The design was based on the Intel Paragon computer...
reclaimed its #1 spot in 1999 with a speed of 2.4 TFLOPS. - an Intel Xeon system at SGISilicon GraphicsSilicon Graphics, Inc. was a manufacturer of high-performance computing solutions, including computer hardware and software, founded in 1981 by Jim Clark...
in Chippewa Falls, WisconsinChippewa Falls, WisconsinChippewa Falls is a city located on the Chippewa River in Chippewa County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin. The population was 13,661 at the 2010 census. Incorporated as a city in 1869, it is the county seat of Chippewa County....
. Machine: SGI Altix ICE 8200AltixAltix is a line of servers and supercomputers produced by Silicon Graphics , based on Intel processors. It succeeded the MIPS/IRIX-based Origin 3000 servers....
system with 3584 Quad-Core Clovertown processors at 3.0 GHz and InfiniBandInfiniBandInfiniBand is a switched fabric communications link used in high-performance computing and enterprise data centers. Its features include high throughput, low latency, quality of service and failover, and it is designed to be scalable...
interconnect. This supercomputer was listed in third place in November 2007, ahead of the fastest ItaniumItaniumItanium is a family of 64-bit Intel microprocessors that implement the Intel Itanium architecture . Intel markets the processors for enterprise servers and high-performance computing systems...
and OpteronOpteronOpteron is AMD's x86 server and workstation processor line, and was the first processor which supported the AMD64 instruction set architecture . It was released on April 22, 2003 with the SledgeHammer core and was intended to compete in the server and workstation markets, particularly in the same...
-based supercomputers but behind two PowerPCPowerPCPowerPC is a RISC architecture created by the 1991 Apple–IBM–Motorola alliance, known as AIM...
-based Blue GeneBlue GeneBlue Gene is a computer architecture project to produce several supercomputers, designed to reach operating speeds in the PFLOPS range, and currently reaching sustained speeds of nearly 500 TFLOPS . It is a cooperative project among IBM Blue Gene is a computer architecture project to produce...
systems built in Rochester, Minnesota.
Xeon processor based system, in the top 20 of the fastest systems by memory bandwidth as measured by STREAM benchmark:
- an Intel Xeon virtual SMP system leveraging ScaleMP's Versatile SMP (vSMP) architecture with 128 cores and 1TB RAM. This system aggregates 16 Stoakley platform (Seaburg chipset) systems with total of 32 Harpertown processors.
See also
- List of Intel Xeon microprocessors
- List of future Intel microprocessors
- List of Intel microprocessors