Zalischyky
Encyclopedia
Zalischyky is a small city
located on the Dniester River in the southern part of the Ternopil Oblast
(province
), in western Ukraine
. It is the administrative center
of the Zalishchytskyi Raion
(district
).
The current estimated population is around 10,100 (as of 2001).
In 1766 it received the rights of self-government under the Magdeburg Law. During the nineteenth century, the area around Zalischyky was populated primarily by Ukrainian country folk but the town had a large Polish and Jewish population. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the area around Zalischyky witnessed large-scale immigration to the New World, especially western Canada
. After the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy
and the Polish-Ukrainian War
of 1918-1919, it again became part of Poland (as part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship
), which ruled it to 1939 when it was annexed to Soviet Ukraine (see: Polish September Campaign). In the interbellum period, the town was an important tourist center of Poland, also one of the few Polish areas where local wine was produced. In 1939, it was through the border checkpoint at Zalishchyky that the Polish government and military officials could escape to Romania
following the Invasion of Poland
.
Before the Second World War, the area around Zalischyky became a major centre of archeological attention. Near various villages, especially Košylivci , a little north of the Dniester
, excavations were carried out which uncovered statues, coins, and other artifacts from as far back as the Neolithic
Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, and extending through the period of the Roman Empire
and the Völkerwanderung period
in the Early Middle Ages
.
Zalischyky contains a 17th century Roman Catholic church, an 18th century City Hall and other monuments. Its climate is quite mild with grapes, peaches and other fruits growing in the area. It is especially famous for its tomatoes. Since the inter-war era, it has been a centre for the tourist industry. Before the collapse of the USSR some 10,000 visitors arrived annually.
City
A city is a relatively large and permanent settlement. Although there is no agreement on how a city is distinguished from a town within general English language meanings, many cities have a particular administrative, legal, or historical status based on local law.For example, in the U.S...
located on the Dniester River in the southern part of the Ternopil Oblast
Ternopil Oblast
Ternopil Oblast is an oblast' of Ukraine. Its administrative center is Ternopil, through which flows the Seret River, a tributary of the Dnister.-Geography:...
(province
Oblast
Oblast is a type of administrative division in Slavic countries, including some countries of the former Soviet Union. The word "oblast" is a loanword in English, but it is nevertheless often translated as "area", "zone", "province", or "region"...
), in western Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. It is the administrative center
Capital City
Capital City was a television show produced by Euston Films which focused on the lives of investment bankers in London living and working on the corporate trading floor for the fictional international bank Shane-Longman....
of the Zalishchytskyi Raion
Zalishchytskyi Raion
The Zalischyky Raion is a sub-division of the Ternopil Oblast. The administrative centre and largest town is Zalischyky. The rest of the district's population lives in one of 35 village councils or 53 rural settlements.- Demographics :...
(district
Raion
A raion is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet countries. The term, which is from French rayon 'honeycomb, department,' describes both a type of a subnational entity and a division of a city, and is commonly translated in English as "district"...
).
The current estimated population is around 10,100 (as of 2001).
History
During 1375 - 1772 and during 1918 - 1939 Zalischyky was part of Poland. During the period 1772 - 1918 it belonged to Austrian empire (later Austrian-Hungarian empire when the dual monarchy was introduced in Austria). In 1939 Zalischyky was incorporated into Soviet Ukraine, a constituent republic of the Soviet Union; since collapse of USSR in 1991, it is in independent Ukraine.In 1766 it received the rights of self-government under the Magdeburg Law. During the nineteenth century, the area around Zalischyky was populated primarily by Ukrainian country folk but the town had a large Polish and Jewish population. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the area around Zalischyky witnessed large-scale immigration to the New World, especially western Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
. After the collapse of the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
and the Polish-Ukrainian War
Polish-Ukrainian War
The Polish–Ukrainian War of 1918 and 1919 was a conflict between the forces of the Second Polish Republic and West Ukrainian People's Republic for the control over Eastern Galicia after the dissolution of Austria-Hungary.-Background:...
of 1918-1919, it again became part of Poland (as part of the Tarnopol Voivodeship
Tarnopol Voivodeship
Tarnopol Voivodeship was an administrative region of interwar Poland with an area of 16,500 km², 17 counties, and capital in Tarnopol...
), which ruled it to 1939 when it was annexed to Soviet Ukraine (see: Polish September Campaign). In the interbellum period, the town was an important tourist center of Poland, also one of the few Polish areas where local wine was produced. In 1939, it was through the border checkpoint at Zalishchyky that the Polish government and military officials could escape to Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
following the Invasion of Poland
Invasion of Poland (1939)
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign or 1939 Defensive War in Poland and the Poland Campaign in Germany, was an invasion of Poland by Germany, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent that marked the start of World War II in Europe...
.
Before the Second World War, the area around Zalischyky became a major centre of archeological attention. Near various villages, especially Košylivci , a little north of the Dniester
Dniester
The Dniester is a river in Eastern Europe. It runs through Ukraine and Moldova and separates most of Moldova's territory from the breakaway de facto state of Transnistria.-Names:...
, excavations were carried out which uncovered statues, coins, and other artifacts from as far back as the Neolithic
Neolithic
The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...
Cucuteni-Trypillian culture, and extending through the period of the Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
and the Völkerwanderung period
Migration Period
The Migration Period, also called the Barbarian Invasions , was a period of intensified human migration in Europe that occurred from c. 400 to 800 CE. This period marked the transition from Late Antiquity to the Early Middle Ages...
in the Early Middle Ages
Early Middle Ages
The Early Middle Ages was the period of European history lasting from the 5th century to approximately 1000. The Early Middle Ages followed the decline of the Western Roman Empire and preceded the High Middle Ages...
.
Zalischyky contains a 17th century Roman Catholic church, an 18th century City Hall and other monuments. Its climate is quite mild with grapes, peaches and other fruits growing in the area. It is especially famous for its tomatoes. Since the inter-war era, it has been a centre for the tourist industry. Before the collapse of the USSR some 10,000 visitors arrived annually.