Zeugma
Encyclopedia
Zeugma is a figure of speech
in which two or more parts of a sentence are joined with a single common verb or noun. A zeugma employs both ellipsis
, the omission of words which are easily understood, and parallelism
, the balance of several words or phrases. The result is a series of similar phrases joined or yoked together by a common and implied noun or verb. A syllepsis is a particular kind of zeugma, and there is a clear distinction between the two in classical treatises written on the subject. Henry Peacham
praises the “delight of the ear” in the use of the zeugma in rhetoric
, but stresses that “too many clauses" should be avoided. The zeugma is categorized according to the location and part of speech of the governing word.
praeiunctio) is a zeugma where a verb in the first part of a sentence governs several later clauses in a series.
By suspending the verb until the end, the listener is unable to determine what action the atrocities will cause, which is precisely the point Cicero intends to make. In this manner, the hypozeugma lends itself well to the forming of a periodic sentence
.
Following a hypozeugma with a prozeugma can create a chiasmus
.
In many cases an audience will try to second guess the verb that is being suspended. Thus a speaker can subvert the expectation of the listener by deliberately undermining a set-up.
Diazeugma Disjunction
The subject appears at the beginning of the sentence and each verb follows in its respective clause.
Diazeugma Conjunction
The subject appears in the middle of a sentence and may take the place of a conjunction
.
Syllepsis can be used with idiom
atic phrases to achieve a similar result:
As written, the sentence employs syllepsis with the scheme of grammar, parenthesis
, and the phrase "The sky is falling" is retained, although two subjects would naturally require a change to the plural verb "are." The disagreement in grammar creates an intentional solecism
.
The syllepsis employs an implied "bright" as in the sentence, "Both loud lighting and bright thunder shook the temple walls." Reversing the order of the adjectives is an example of hyphallage. The syllepsis also employs catachresis
by attributing the effect of shaking and loudness to the lightning, a purely visual effect. Use of the unconventional grammatical construction is intentional so as to create alliteration
with "loud lighting."
Figure of speech
A figure of speech is the use of a word or words diverging from its usual meaning. It can also be a special repetition, arrangement or omission of words with literal meaning, or a phrase with a specialized meaning not based on the literal meaning of the words in it, as in idiom, metaphor, simile,...
in which two or more parts of a sentence are joined with a single common verb or noun. A zeugma employs both ellipsis
Ellipsis (linguistics)
In linguistics, ellipsis or elliptical construction refers to the omission from a clause of one or more words that would otherwise be required by the remaining elements.-Overview:...
, the omission of words which are easily understood, and parallelism
Parallelism (rhetoric)
Parallelism means giving two or more parts of the sentences a similar form so as to give the whole a definite pattern.Parallelisms of various sorts are the chief rhetorical device of Biblical poetry in Hebrew. In fact, Robert Lowth coined the term "parallelismus membrorum Parallelism means giving...
, the balance of several words or phrases. The result is a series of similar phrases joined or yoked together by a common and implied noun or verb. A syllepsis is a particular kind of zeugma, and there is a clear distinction between the two in classical treatises written on the subject. Henry Peacham
Henry Peacham
Henry Peacham is the name shared by two English Renaissance writers who were father and son.The elder Henry Peacham was an English curate, best known for his treatise on rhetoric titled The Garden of Eloquence first published in 1577....
praises the “delight of the ear” in the use of the zeugma in rhetoric
Rhetoric
Rhetoric is the art of discourse, an art that aims to improve the facility of speakers or writers who attempt to inform, persuade, or motivate particular audiences in specific situations. As a subject of formal study and a productive civic practice, rhetoric has played a central role in the Western...
, but stresses that “too many clauses" should be avoided. The zeugma is categorized according to the location and part of speech of the governing word.
Prozeugma
The prozeugma (also called the Synezeugmenon or the LatinLatin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
praeiunctio) is a zeugma where a verb in the first part of a sentence governs several later clauses in a series.
- “Vicit pudorem libido, timorem audacia, rationem amentia” (CiceroCiceroMarcus Tullius Cicero , was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.He introduced the Romans to the chief...
, Pro CluentioPro CluentioPro Cluentio is a speech by the Roman orator Cicero given in defense of a man named Aulus Cluentius Habitus Minor.Cluentius, from Larinum in Molise, was accused in 66 BC by his mother of having poisoned his stepfather, Oppianicus the elder; Cluentius was very unpopular in Rome because of rumors...
, VI.15)- “Lust conquered shame, audacity fear, madness reason.” (Also an example of a tricolonTricolonIn rhetoric, a bicolon, tricolon, or tetracolon is a sentence with two, three, or four clearly defined parts , usually independent clauses and of increasing power.-Tricolon:...
)
- “Lust conquered shame, audacity fear, madness reason.” (Also an example of a tricolon
- “Povertie hath gotten conquest of thy riches, shame of thy pride, danger of thy safetie, folly of thy wisedome, weakenesse of thy strength, and time of thy imagined immortalitie. [sic]” (Henry Peacham)
- “Mr. Jones took his coat and his leave”
- “He [Mr. Finching] proposed seven times once in a hackney-coach once in a boat once in a pew once on a donkey at Tunbridge Wells and the rest on his knees.”
[Flora Finching] - (Charles Dickens, Little Dorrit, Chapter 24) - Both determination and virtue will prevail; both dedication and honor, diligence and commitment.
- Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtile; natural philosophy, deep; moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. (Francis BaconFrancis BaconFrancis Bacon, 1st Viscount St Albans, KC was an English philosopher, statesman, scientist, lawyer, jurist, author and pioneer of the scientific method. He served both as Attorney General and Lord Chancellor of England...
).
Mesozeugma
The mesozeugma is a zeugma where a verb in the middle of the sentence governs several parallel clauses on either side.- “What a shame is this, that neither hope of reward, nor feare of reproch could any thing move him, neither the persuasion of his friends, nor the love of his country. [sic]”--Peacham
Hypozeugma
The hypozeugma, also called an adjunctio in Latin, is a zeugma where a verb falls at the end of a sentence and governs several parallel clauses that precede it.- Aut morbo aut vetustate formae dignitas deflorescit.—Rhetorica ad HerenniumRhetorica ad HerenniumThe Rhetorica ad Herennium, formerly attributed to Cicero but of unknown authorship, is the oldest surviving Latin book on rhetoric, dating from the 90s BC, and is still used today as a textbook on the structure and uses of rhetoric and persuasion....
- "Either with disease or age, physical beauty fades"
- ”through rain or sleet or dark of night, the mail must get through.”—motto of postal carriers (also contains a rhetorical bracketing and repetition of the word “through”)
- Nihilne te nocturnum praesidium palatii, nihil urbis vigilae, nihil timor populi, nihil concursus bonorum omnium, nihil hic munitissimus habendi senatus locus, nihil horum ora vultusque moverunt? —Cicero In Catilinam I-IV.
- "Does not the nightly watch of the PalatinePalatine HillThe Palatine Hill is the centermost of the Seven Hills of Rome and is one of the most ancient parts of the city...
, does not guard of the city, does not the fear of the people, does not the union of all good men, does not the holding of the senate in this most defensible place, do not the looks and faces of these people move you?"
- "Does not the nightly watch of the Palatine
By suspending the verb until the end, the listener is unable to determine what action the atrocities will cause, which is precisely the point Cicero intends to make. In this manner, the hypozeugma lends itself well to the forming of a periodic sentence
Periodic sentence
A periodic sentence is a stylistic device employed at the sentence level, characterized as a sentence that is not grammatically complete until the final clause or phrase.-Characteristics:...
.
- "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears."—William ShakespeareWilliam ShakespeareWilliam Shakespeare was an English poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet and the "Bard of Avon"...
, Julius CaesarJulius Caesar (play)The Tragedy of Julius Caesar, also known simply as Julius Caesar, is a tragedy by William Shakespeare, believed to have been written in 1599. It portrays the 44 BC conspiracy against... - "Meanwhile, impatient to mount and ride, Booted and spurred, with a heavy stride
On the opposite shore walked Paul ReverePaul ReverePaul Revere was an American silversmith and a patriot in the American Revolution. He is most famous for alerting Colonial militia of approaching British forces before the battles of Lexington and Concord, as dramatized in Henry Wadsworth Longfellow's poem, Paul Revere's Ride...
."- Henry Wadsworth LongfellowHenry Wadsworth LongfellowHenry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet and educator whose works include "Paul Revere's Ride", The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline...
, "Paul Revere’s Ride" - "The foundation of freedome, the fountaine of equitie, the safegard of wealth, and custodie of life, is preserved by lawes."—Peacham
Following a hypozeugma with a prozeugma can create a chiasmus
Chiasmus
In rhetoric, chiasmus is the figure of speech in which two or more clauses are related to each other through a reversal of structures in order to make a larger point; that is, the clauses display inverted parallelism...
.
In many cases an audience will try to second guess the verb that is being suspended. Thus a speaker can subvert the expectation of the listener by deliberately undermining a set-up.
- "Family, religion, friendship. These are the three demons you must slay if you wish to succeed in business ."—Mr. Burns, The SimpsonsThe SimpsonsThe Simpsons is an American animated sitcom created by Matt Groening for the Fox Broadcasting Company. The series is a satirical parody of a middle class American lifestyle epitomized by its family of the same name, which consists of Homer, Marge, Bart, Lisa and Maggie...
Diazeugma
The diazeugma is a zeugma where a noun governs two or more verbs. Latin rhetoricians further divide the diazeugma according to the placement of the subject and verbs.Diazeugma Disjunction
The subject appears at the beginning of the sentence and each verb follows in its respective clause.
- Populus Romanus Numantiam delevit, Kartaginem sustulit, Corinthum disiecit, Fregellas evertit.—Rhetorica ad Herennium
- The Roman people destroyed Numantia, razed CarthageCarthageCarthage , implying it was a 'new Tyre') is a major urban centre that has existed for nearly 3,000 years on the Gulf of Tunis, developing from a Phoenician colony of the 1st millennium BC...
, demolished CorinthCorinthCorinth is a city and former municipality in Corinthia, Peloponnese, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Corinth, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit...
, and overthrew Fregella.
- The Roman people destroyed Numantia, razed Carthage
- Formae dignitas aut morbo deflorescit aut vetustate extinguitur—Rhetorica ad Herennium
- Physical beauty: with disease it fades; with age it dies.
Diazeugma Conjunction
The subject appears in the middle of a sentence and may take the place of a conjunction
Grammatical conjunction
In grammar, a conjunction is a part of speech that connects two words, sentences, phrases or clauses together. A discourse connective is a conjunction joining sentences. This definition may overlap with that of other parts of speech, so what constitutes a "conjunction" must be defined for each...
.
- Stands accused, threatens our homes, revels in his crime, this man guilty of burglary asks our forgiveness.
- Despairing in the heat and in the sun, we marched, cursing in the rain and in the cold.
Hypozeuxis
The Hypozeuxis is the opposite of a zeugma, where each subject has its own verb.- "We shall fight on the beachesWe shall fight on the beachesWe Shall Fight on the Beaches is a common title given to a speech delivered by Winston Churchill to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom on 4th June 1940...
. We shall fight on the landing grounds. We shall fight in the fields, and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender!"—Winston ChurchillWinston ChurchillSir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, was a predominantly Conservative British politician and statesman known for his leadership of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest wartime leaders of the century and served as Prime Minister twice...
Syllepsis
Syllepsis, also known as semantic zeugma, is a particular type of zeugma in which the clauses disagree in either meaning or grammar. The governing word may change meaning with respect to the other words it modifies. This creates a semantic incongruity that is often humorous. Alternatively, a syllepsis may contain a governing word or phrase that does not agree grammatically with one or more of its distributed terms. This is an intentional construction in which rules of grammar are bent for stylistic effect.Distributed term changes meaning
The governing term can change meaning in its distribution, sometimes to comical effect.- "There's people on the street using guns and knives, taking drugs and each others lives."
- Flight of the ConchordsFlight of the ConchordsFlight of the Conchords are a New Zealand-based comedy duo composed of Bret McKenzie and Jemaine Clement. The duo's comedy and music became the basis of a BBC radio series and then an American television series, which premiered in 2007 on HBO, also called Flight of the Conchords.They were named...
, "Think About It"
- Flight of the Conchords
- alter cum res gestas tum etiam studium atque auris adhibere posset.
- Cicero, Pro Archia PoetaPro Archia PoetaPro Archia Poeta is Marcus Tullius Cicero's oration in the defense of Aulus Licinius Archias, a poet accused of not being a Roman citizen. This accusation is believed to have been a political move against Lucullus through Archias. The poet was originally Greek but had been living in Rome for an...
(The other was able to lend not only his achievements, but also his support and ears.)
- Cicero, Pro Archia Poeta
- Here Thou, great Anna! whom three Realms obey,
Dost sometimes Counsel take - and sometimes Tea.- Alexander PopeAlexander PopeAlexander Pope was an 18th-century English poet, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. He is the third-most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, after Shakespeare and Tennyson...
, The Rape of the LockThe Rape of the LockThe Rape of the Lock is a mock-heroic narrative poem written by Alexander Pope, first published anonymously in Lintot's Miscellany in May 1712 in two cantos , but then revised, expanded and reissued under Pope's name on March 2, 1714, in a much-expanded 5-canto version...
(Pope was speaking of Queen Anne and Kensington Palace)
- Alexander Pope
- He carried a strobe light and the responsibility for the lives of his men.
- Tim O'BrienTim O'Brien (author)Tim O'Brien is an American novelist who often writes about his experiences in the Vietnam War and the impact the war had on the American servicemen who fought there...
, The Things They CarriedThe Things They CarriedThe Things They Carried is a collection of related stories by Tim O'Brien, about a platoon of American soldiers in the Vietnam War, originally published in hardcover by Houghton Mifflin, 1990...
- Tim O'Brien
- And he said, as he hastened to put out the cat, The wine, his cigar and the lamps:
"Have some Madeira, m'dear..."- Michael FlandersMichael FlandersMichael Henry Flanders OBE, was an English actor, broadcaster, and writer and performer of comic songs. He is best known to the general public for his partnership with Donald Swann performing as the duo Flanders and Swann....
"Have Some Madeira M'Dear"
- Michael Flanders
- She lowered her standards by raising her glass,
Her courage, her eyes and his hopes.- Ibid.
- When he asked "What in Heaven?" she made no reply,
Up her mind, and a dash for the door- Ibid.
- I notice with some relief, that the Icelandic group staying on my floor have either checked or passed out.
- Agent CooperDale CooperFBI Special agent Dale Bartholomew Cooper is a fictional character from the television series Twin Peaks, portrayed by Kyle MacLachlan. He is the lead protagonist of the series, and briefly appears in the prequel film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me....
on the television series Twin PeaksTwin PeaksTwin Peaks is an American television serial drama created by David Lynch and Mark Frost. The series follows the investigation headed by FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper , of the murder of a popular teenager and homecoming queen, Laura Palmer...
- Agent Cooper
Syllepsis can be used with idiom
Idiom
Idiom is an expression, word, or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is comprehended in regard to a common use of that expression that is separate from the literal meaning or definition of the words of which it is made...
atic phrases to achieve a similar result:
- You held your breath and the door for me.
- Alanis MorissetteAlanis MorissetteAlanis Nadine Morissette is a Canadian-American singer-songwriter, guitarist, record producer, and actress. She has won 16 Juno Awards and seven Grammy Awards, was nominated for two Golden Globe Awards and also shortlisted for an Academy Award nomination...
, "Head over FeetHead over Feet"Head over Feet" is a song written by Alanis Morissette and Glen Ballard, and produced by Ballard for Morissette's third album, Jagged Little Pill . It was released as the album's fifth single in 1996 and presented a softer sound than the previous singles from the album...
"
- Alanis Morissette
- I got a part-time job at my father's carpet store, laying tackless stripping and housewives by the score.
- Warren ZevonWarren ZevonWarren William Zevon was an American rock singer-songwriter and musician noted for including his sometimes sardonic opinions of life in his musical lyrics, composing songs that were sometimes humorous and often had political or historical themes.Zevon's work has often been praised by well-known...
, "Mr. Bad ExampleMr. Bad ExampleMr. Bad Example is an album by American singer/songwriter Warren Zevon, released in 1991. .-Track listing:All tracks composed by Warren Zevon, except where indicated.#"Finishing Touches" – 4:05#"Suzie Lightning" – 4:04...
"
- Warren Zevon
- I took her hand and then an aspirin in the morning,
- Eve 6Eve 6Eve 6 is an American rock band from Southern California, who are most well known for their hit singles "Inside Out", "Leech", and the slow anthem "Here's to the Night". They disbanded in 2004, returned in 2007 with a new lineup, and finally reunited with all three original members in March 2011...
, "Girl Eyes"
- Eve 6
- "Oh, flowers are as common here, Miss Fairfax, as people are in London."
- Oscar WildeOscar WildeOscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s...
, The Importance of Being EarnestThe Importance of Being EarnestThe Importance of Being Earnest, A Trivial Comedy for Serious People is a play by Oscar Wilde. First performed on 14 February 1895 at St. James's Theatre in London, it is a farcical comedy in which the protagonists maintain fictitious personae in order to escape burdensome social obligations...
(Cecily is making a catty remark to Miss Fairfax, a Londoner, by using "common" in two senses, namely "numerous" and "vulgar" as in the expression "common thief.")
- Oscar Wilde
- "The Russian grandees came to Elizabeth's court dropping pearls and vermin."
- Thomas Babington Macaulay
- "Are you getting fit or having one?"
- From the television programTelevision programA television program , also called television show, is a segment of content which is intended to be broadcast on television. It may be a one-time production or part of a periodically recurring series...
M*A*S*H
- From the television program
- "You are free to execute your laws, and your citizens, as you see fit."
- From the television program Star Trek: The Next GenerationStar Trek: The Next GenerationStar Trek: The Next Generation is an American science fiction television series created by Gene Roddenberry as part of the Star Trek franchise. Roddenberry, Rick Berman, and Michael Piller served as executive producers at different times throughout the production...
- From the television program Star Trek: The Next Generation
- "I called her a whore and myself a cab."
- Michael SalingerMichael SalingerMichael Salinger is a poet, performer, and educator living in Northeast Ohio. He is one of the earliest participants in the National Poetry Slam, former board member of Poetry Slam inc., and current director of the organization's summer writing and performance conference...
, "Girl on Girl"
- Michael Salinger
- "She was a thief, you got to believe: she stole my heart and my cat."
- From the film So I Married an Axe MurdererSo I Married an Axe MurdererSo I Married an Axe Murderer is a 1993 American comedy-horror film starring Mike Myers and Nancy Travis. Myers plays Charlie McKenzie, a man afraid of commitment until he meets Harriet , who works at a butcher shop and may be a serial killer...
- From the film So I Married an Axe Murderer
- "Both how I'm living and my nose is large."
- Digital UndergroundDigital UndergroundDigital Underground was an alternative hip hop group from Oakland, California. It could have been considered a music "family" rather than a group, as its personnel changed and rotated with each album and tour....
, "The Humpty DanceThe Humpty Dance"The Humpty Dance" is a 1990 hip hop song by Digital Underground, which was featured on their debut album Sex Packets. The single climbed all the way to #11 on the pop charts, #7 on the R&B charts, and #1 on the Billboard Rap Singles chart...
"
- Digital Underground
Syllepsis with figures and schemes of grammar
A syllepsis may employ a scheme of grammatical construction or figure of grammar to manipulate discourse as part of a rhetorical strategy.- "The sky—and my hopes—is falling."
As written, the sentence employs syllepsis with the scheme of grammar, parenthesis
Parenthesis (rhetoric)
In rhetoric, a parenthesis is an explanatory or qualifying word, clause, or sentence inserted into a passage with which it doesn't necessarily have any grammatical connection...
, and the phrase "The sky is falling" is retained, although two subjects would naturally require a change to the plural verb "are." The disagreement in grammar creates an intentional solecism
Solecism
In traditional prescriptive grammar, a solecism is something perceived as a grammatical mistake or absurdity, or even a simply non-standard usage. The word was originally used by the Greeks for what they perceived as mistakes in their language...
.
- "Both loud lighting and thunder shook the temple walls."
The syllepsis employs an implied "bright" as in the sentence, "Both loud lighting and bright thunder shook the temple walls." Reversing the order of the adjectives is an example of hyphallage. The syllepsis also employs catachresis
Catachresis
Catachresis is "misapplication of a word, especially in a mixed metaphor" according to the Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory...
by attributing the effect of shaking and loudness to the lightning, a purely visual effect. Use of the unconventional grammatical construction is intentional so as to create alliteration
Alliteration
In language, alliteration refers to the repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of Three or more words or phrases. Alliteration has historically developed largely through poetry, in which it more narrowly refers to the repetition of a consonant in any syllables that, according to...
with "loud lighting."
Examples of syllepsis
- [She] went straight home in a flood of tears, and a sedan chair. - Charles DickensCharles DickensCharles John Huffam Dickens was an English novelist, generally considered the greatest of the Victorian period. Dickens enjoyed a wider popularity and fame than had any previous author during his lifetime, and he remains popular, having been responsible for some of English literature's most iconic...
- Just a dissipated creep who wears a Rolex on his wrist/On her nerves, too much cologne, and down her power to resist.
Did she turn down the wrong hallway, his advances, or the sheet? - Bob Kanefsky, "The Girl Who Had Never Been ..." - ... and covered themselves with dust and glory. - Mark TwainMark TwainSamuel Langhorne Clemens , better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist...
, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer - You can leave in a taxi. If you can't get a taxi, you can leave in a huff. If that's too soon, you can leave in a minute and a huff. - Groucho MarxGroucho MarxJulius Henry "Groucho" Marx was an American comedian and film star famed as a master of wit. His rapid-fire delivery of innuendo-laden patter earned him many admirers. He made 13 feature films with his siblings the Marx Brothers, of whom he was the third-born...
, from Duck Soup - Come the (computer) revolution, all persons found guilty of such criminal behavior will be summarily executed, and their programs won't be!--Numerical RecipesNumerical RecipesNumerical Recipes is the generic title of a series of books on algorithms and numerical analysis by William H. Press, Saul Teukolsky, William Vetterling and Brian Flannery. In various editions, the books have been in print since 1986...
- My teeth and ambitions are bared; be prepared! - Scar, from The Lion KingThe Lion KingThe Lion King is a 1994 American animated film produced by Walt Disney Feature Animation and released by Walt Disney Pictures. It is the 32nd feature in the Walt Disney Animated Classics series...
with lyrics by Tim RiceTim RiceSir Timothy Miles Bindon "Tim" Rice is an British lyricist and author.An Academy Award, Golden Globe Award, Tony Award and Grammy Award-winning lyricist, Rice is best known for his collaborations with Andrew Lloyd Webber, with whom he wrote Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Jesus... - The levees were broken and so were the promises. - Anderson CooperAnderson CooperAnderson Hays Cooper is an American journalist, author, and television personality. He is the primary anchor of the CNN news show Anderson Cooper 360°. The program is normally broadcast live from a New York City studio; however, Cooper often broadcasts live on location for breaking news stories...
, Dispatches from the Edge - The word “Arms” would have two different meanings at once: “weapons” (as the object of “keep”) and (as the object of “bear”) one-half of an idiom. It would be rather like saying “He filled and kicked the bucket” to mean “He filled the bucket and died.” Grotesque. - Justice Scalia's majority opinion in District of Columbia v. HellerDistrict of Columbia v. HellerDistrict of Columbia v. Heller, 554 U.S. 570 , was a landmark case in which the Supreme Court of the United States held that the Second Amendment to the United States Constitution protects an individual's right to possess a firearm for traditionally lawful purposes in federal enclaves, such as...
, rejecting the notion that the phrase "bear arms" was used as an idiom in the Second Amendment to the United States ConstitutionSecond Amendment to the United States ConstitutionThe Second Amendment to the United States Constitution is the part of the United States Bill of Rights that protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, along with the rest of the Bill of Rights.In 2008 and 2010, the Supreme Court issued two Second...
.554 U.S. ____ (2008), slip op. at 13. - Monica had exploded, and I had a mystery, and pieces of her pancreas, on my hands. - entry to the 2001 Lyttle Lytton ContestLyttle Lytton ContestThe Lyttle Lytton Contest is a diminutive derivative of the Bulwer-Lytton Fiction Contest, and was first run in the year 2001. Both are tongue-in-cheek contests that take place annually and in which entrants are invited "to compose the opening sentence to the worst of all possible novels."The...
- [The rat] returned in haste and flames to its original hideout. United Novelty Co. v. Daniels, 42 So.2d 395 (Miss. 1949).
- The size of the polenta was proportionate to the quality of the harvest, not to the number and enthusiasm of the assembled company. - Alessandro ManzoniAlessandro ManzoniAlessandro Francesco Tommaso Manzoni was an Italian poet and novelist.He is famous for the novel The Betrothed , generally ranked among the masterpieces of world literature...
, The BetrothedThe BetrothedThe Betrothed is an Italian historical novel by Alessandro Manzoni, first published in 1827, in three volumes. It has been called the most famous and widely read novel of the Italian language....
Sources
- Pseudo-CiceroCiceroMarcus Tullius Cicero , was a Roman philosopher, statesman, lawyer, political theorist, and Roman constitutionalist. He came from a wealthy municipal family of the equestrian order, and is widely considered one of Rome's greatest orators and prose stylists.He introduced the Romans to the chief...
, ‘’Rhetorica ad Herennium’’ (with an English translation by Harry Caplan 1954) Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, (ISBN 0-674-99444-2) - Quintillian, Institutio Oratoria : Books I-III (edited by H. E. Butler 1980) Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, (ISBN 0-674-99138-9)
- Henry Peacham, The Garden of Eloquence Scholars' Facsimiles & Reprints, Inc. 1977 (ISBN 0-8201-1225-9)
- Dr. Gideon O. Burton, Silva Rhetoricae, websource 2003