Architectural styles classify architecture

Architecture

Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...

 in terms of the use of form, techniques, materials, time period, region and other stylistic influences. It overlaps with, and emerges from the study of the evolution and history of architecture. In architectural history

Architectural History

Architectural History is the main journal of the Society of Architectural Historians of Great Britain .The journal is published each autumn. The architecture of the British Isles is a major theme of the journal, although it includes more general papers on the history of architecture. Member of...

, the study of Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture

Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....

, for instance, would include all aspects of the cultural context that went into the design and construction of these structures. Hence, architectural style is a way of classifying architecture that gives emphasis to characteristic features of design, leading to a terminology such as Gothic "style".

Prehistoric

Early civilizations developed, often independently, in scattered locations around the globe. The architecture was often a mixture of styles in timber cut from local forests, and stone hewn from local rocks. Most of the timber has gone, although the earthworks remain. Impressive, massive stone structures have survived.

• Neolithic
  Neolithic architecture
  Neolithic architecture is the architecture of the Neolithic period. In Southwest Asia, Neolithic cultures appear soon after 10000 BC, initially in the Levant and from there spread eastwards and westwards...
  
   10,000-3000 BC

Ancient Americas

• Mesoamerican
  Mesoamerican architecture
  Mesoamerican architecture is the set of architectural traditions produced by pre-Columbian cultures and civilizations of Mesoamerica, traditions which are best known in the form of public, ceremonial and urban monumental buildings and structures...
  
  
• Talud-tablero
  Talud-tablero
  Talud-tablero is an architectural style. It consists of a platform structure, or the tablero, on top of an inward-sloping surface or panel, the talud. It may also be referred to as the slope-and-panel style.-Cultural significance:...
  
  
• Maya
  Maya architecture
  A unique and spectacular style, Maya architecture spans several thousands of years. Often the most dramatic and easily recognizable as Maya are the stepped pyramids from the Terminal Pre-classic period and beyond. Being based on the general Mesoamerican architectural traditions these pyramids...
  
  
• Puuc
  Puuc
  Puuc is the name of either a region in the Mexican state of Yucatán or a Maya architectural style prevalent in that region. The word "puuc" is derived from the Maya term for "hill". Since the Yucatán is relatively flat, this term was extended to encompass the large karstic range of hills in the...
  
  
• Aztec
  Aztec architecture
  Aztec architecture is related to that of older Mesoamerican architecture and sometimes thought of as one of them, usually Maya. Their houses and religious structures were unique, however. Aztec cities often competed to construct the greatest temples in the Aztec empire...
  
  

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Mediterranean and Middle-East Civilizations

• Phoenician 3000-500 BC
• Ancient Egyptian
  Ancient Egyptian architecture
  The Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential civilizations which developed a vast array of diverse structures encompassing ancient Egyptian architecture...
  
   3000 BC - 373 AD
• Minoan
  Minoan civilization
  The Minoan civilization was a Bronze Age civilization that arose on the island of Crete and flourished from approximately the 27th century BC to the 15th century BC. It was rediscovered at the beginning of the 20th century through the work of the British archaeologist Arthur Evans...
  
   3000?+ BC (Crete)
  • Knossos
    Knossos
    Knossos , also known as Labyrinth, or Knossos Palace, is the largest Bronze Age archaeological site on Crete and probably the ceremonial and political centre of the Minoan civilization and culture. The palace appears as a maze of workrooms, living spaces, and store rooms close to a central square...
    
     (Crete)
• Mycenaean
  Mycenaean Greece
  Mycenaean Greece was a cultural period of Bronze Age Greece taking its name from the archaeological site of Mycenae in northeastern Argolis, in the Peloponnese of southern Greece. Athens, Pylos, Thebes, and Tiryns are also important Mycenaean sites...
  
   1600-1100 BC (Greece)

Classical Antiquity

• Classical
  Classical architecture
  Classical architecture is a mode of architecture employing vocabulary derived in part from the Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, enriched by classicizing architectural practice in Europe since the Renaissance...
  
   600 BC-323 AD
• Ancient Greek 776-265 BC
• Roman
  Roman architecture
  Ancient Roman architecture adopted certain aspects of Ancient Greek architecture, creating a new architectural style. The Romans were indebted to their Etruscan neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics...
  
   753 BC – 663 AD
• Herodian
  Herodian architecture
  Herodian architecture is a style of classical architecture characteristic of the numerous building projects undertaken during the reign of Herod the Great, the Roman client king of Judea...
  
   37-4 BC (Judea)
• Early Christian
  Early Christian art and architecture
  Early Christian art and architecture is the art produced by Christians or under Christian patronage from about the year 100 to about the year 500. Prior to 100 there is no surviving art that can be called Christian with absolute certainty...
  
   100-500
• Byzantine
  Byzantine architecture
  Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire. The empire gradually emerged as a distinct artistic and cultural entity from what is today referred to as the Roman Empire after AD 330, when the Roman Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire east from Rome to...
  
   527 (Sofia) - 1520

Iranian and Persian

• Ancient Persian
  • Achaemenid
    Achaemenid architecture
    Achaemenid Persian architecture refers to the architectural achievements of the Achaemenid Persians manifesting in construction of spectacular cities used for governance and inhabitation , temples made for worship and social gatherings , and mausoleums erected in honor of fallen kings...
    
    
  • Sassanid
    Sassanid architecture
    Sassanid architecture refers to the Persian architectural style that reached a peak in its development during the Sassanid era. In many ways the Sassanid dynastic period witnessed the highest achievement of Persian civilization, and constituted the last great Persian Empire before the Muslim...
    
    
• Iranian
  Iranian architecture
  Iranian architecture or Persian architecture is the architecture of Iran . It has a continuous history from at least 5000 BCE to the present, with characteristic examples distributed over a vast area from Turkey to North India and the borders of China and from the Caucasus to Zanzibar...
  
  , c.8th c.+ (Iran)
• Persian Garden Style
  Persian Gardens
  The tradition and style in the garden design of Persian gardens has influenced the design of gardens from Andalusia to India and beyond. The gardens of the Alhambra show the influence of Persian Garden philosophy and style in a Moorish Palace scale from the era of Al-Andalus in Spain...
  
   (Iran)
  • Classical Style - Hayat
  • Formal Style - Meidān (public) or Charbagh
    Charbagh
    Charbagh is a Persian-style garden layout. The quadrilateral garden is divided by walkways or flowing water into four smaller parts...
    
     (private)
  • Casual Style - Park (public) or Bāgh
    Bagh (garden)
    Bāgh which usually translates to garden, refers to an enclosed area with permanent cultures as well as flowers. It is common to near-, middle- and south-eastern countries...
    
     (private)
  • Paradise garden
    Paradise garden
    The Paradise garden is a form of garden, originally just paradise, a word derived from the Median language, or Old Persian. Its original meaning was "a walled-in compound or garden"; from pairi and daeza or diz...
    
    

Islamic

• Islamic
  Islamic architecture
  Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture....
  
   691+
• Moorish
  Moorish architecture
  Moorish architecture is the western term used to describe the articulated Berber-Islamic architecture of North Africa and Al-Andalus.-Characteristic elements:...
  
   c.8th c. - 1492 (Northern Africa, Spain, Portugal)
• Ottoman c.1300-1918 (Turkey)

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South Asia

• Indian
• Bengalese
  Architecture of Bengal
  The Bengal region, which includes the Republic of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal, has many architectural relics and monuments dating back thousands of years.-Pala Empire:...
  
  
• Karnataka
  Architecture of Karnataka
  The Architecture of Karnataka can be traced to 345 AD with that of the Kadamba Dynasty. Karnataka is a state in the southern part of India originally known as the State of Mysore. Over the centuries, architectural monuments within the region displayed a diversity of influences, often relaying much...
  
  
• Indian rock-cut architecture

Historic Temple Styles

• Buddhist Temple
  Buddhist architecture
  Buddhist religious architecture developed in South Asia in the 3rd century BC.Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries , stupas, and temples ....
  
   1st c. AD
• Hindu Temple
  Hindu temple architecture
  India's temple architecture developed from the sthapathis' and shilpis' creativit, but n general these are from the Vishwakarma . A small Hindu temple consists of an inner sanctum, the garbha griha or womb-chamber, in which the image is housed, often circumambulation, a congregation hall, and...
  
   in 3 styles -
  • Nagara Style
  • Dravida Style
    Dravidian architecture
    Dravidian architecture was a style of architecture that emerged thousands of years ago in Southern part of the Indian subcontinent or South India. They consist primarily of pyramid shaped temples called Koils which are dependent on intricate carved stone in order to create a step design consisting...
    
     610-?
  • Vesara Style
    Vesara
    Vesara is a type of Indian architecture primarily used in temples. The two other prominent styles are Dravida and Nagara. Vesara is a combination of these two temple styles.-Description:...
    
     (a combination of Nagara and Dravida)

Dravidian and Vesara Temple Styles

• Badami Chalukya
  Badami Chalukya Architecture
  The Badami Chalukya architecture was a temple building idiom that evolved in the time period of 5th – 8th centuries AD. in the area of Malaprabha basin, in present day Bagalkot district of Karnataka state. This style is sometimes called the Vesara style and Chalukya style...
  
   aka "Central Indian temple style" or "Deccan architecture" 450-700
• Rashtrakuta
  Rashtrakuta Dynasty
  The Rashtrakuta Empire was a royal dynasty ruling large parts of the Indian Subcontinent between the sixth and the 10th centuries. During this period they ruled as several closely related, but individual clans. Rastrakutas in inscriptions represented as descendants of Satyaki, a Yadava well known...
  
   750-983 (Central and South India)
• Western Chalukya
  Western Chalukya architecture
  Western Chalukya architecture , also known as Kalyani Chalukya or Later Chalukya architecture, is the distinctive style of ornamented architecture that evolved during the rule of the Western Chalukya Empire in the Tungabhadra region of central Karnataka, India, during the 11th and 12th centuries...
  
   aka Gadag 1050-1200 (Karnataka)
• Hoysala
  Hoysala architecture
  Hoysala architecture is the building style developed under the rule of the Hoysala Empire between the 11th and 14th centuries, in the region known today as Karnataka, a state of India. Hoysala influence was at its peak in the 13th century, when it dominated the Southern Deccan Plateau region...
  
   900-1300 (Karnataka)
• Vijayanagara 1336-1565 (South India)

Other historic eras

• Māru-Gurjara Temple Architecture 500-? (Rajastan)
  • Maha-Maru
  • Maru-Gurjara
• Kalinga Architecture
  Kalinga architecture
  The Kaḷinga architectural style is a style which flourished in the ancient Kalinga region or present eastern Indian state of Orissa and northern Andhra Pradesh. The style consists of three distinct types of temples: Rekha Deula, Pidha Deula and Khakhara Deula...
  
   (Orissa and N Andhra Pradesh)
  • Rekha Deula
  • Pidha Deula
  • Khakhara Deula

• Hemadpanthi
  Hemadpanthi
  Hemadpanthi Sculpture is an architectural form or a style, which is named after its introducer and founder, the prime minister named Hemadpant in the court of Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri. The period of discovery was during the 13th Century in Maharashtra. Main ingredients in the construction include...
  
   1200-? (Maharashtra)

Islamic influences

• Indo-Islamic
  Indo-Islamic Architecture
  Islamic contribution to architecture in the Indian subcontinent is far reaching and undeniable. New modes and principles of construction were developed reflecting the religious and social needs of the adherents of Islam.-Masjid and Mandir:...
  
  
• Mughal
  Mughal architecture
  Mughal architecture, an amalgam of Islamic, Persian, Turkish and Indian architecture, is the distinctive style developed by the Mughals in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries in what is now India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Afghanistan. It is symmetrical and decorative in style.The Mughal dynasty was...
  
   1540-? (India, Pakistan, Bangladesh)
  • Akbari
    Akbari Architecture
    Akbari Architecture refers to the style of Indo-Islamic architecture conceived during the reign of Mughal Emperor Akbar. His successors further added to this style, leading to the unique and individualistic 'Mughal' Style as we know it today...
    
    
  • Mughal Garden Style
    Mughal Gardens
    Mughal gardens are a group of gardens built by the Mughals in the Islamic style of architecture. This style was heavily influenced by the Persian gardens particularly the Charbagh structure. Significant use of rectilinear layouts are made within the walled enclosures...
    
    
• Sharqi
  Sharqi architecture
  Sharqi architecture or Jaunpur architecture is a type of Indo-Islamic architecture.-Start:The Sharqi kingdom of Jaunpur, Uttar Pradesh was founded by Malik Sarwar, a noble of Feroz Shah Tughlaq, in 1394...
  
   aka Janpur Style

• Indo-Saracenic Revival
  Indo-Saracenic Revival architecture
  The Indo-Saracenic Revival was an architectural style movement by British architects in the late 19th century in British India...
  
   aka Hindoo Style, Indo-Gothic, Mughal-Gothic, Neo-Mughal, Hindu-Gothic late 19th c. (British India aka The Raj)

Also

• Harappan
  Harappan architecture
  Harappan architecture is the architecture of the Harappans, an ancient people who lived in the Indus Valley from about 3300 BCE to 1600 BCE. The Harappans were advanced for their time, especially in architecture.- City walls :...
  
   3300-1600 BC (Pakistan)
• Sikh
  Sikh architecture
  Sikh Architecture, is a style of architecture that is characterized with values of progressiveness, exquisite intricacy, austere beauty and logical flowing lines. Due to its progressive style, it is constantly evolving into many newly developing branches with new contemporary styles...
  
  

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Early Medieval Ages

• Anglo-Saxon
  Anglo-Saxon architecture
  Anglo-Saxon architecture was a period in the history of architecture in England, and parts of Wales, from the mid-5th century until the Norman Conquest of 1066. Anglo-Saxon secular buildings in Britain were generally simple, constructed mainly using timber with thatch for roofing...
  
   450s-1066 (England, Wales)
• Pre-Romanesque c.700-1000 (Western Europe)
  • Merovingian
    Merovingian art and architecture
    Merovingian art and architecture is the art and architecture of the Merovingian dynasty of the Franks, which lasted from the 5th century to the 8th century in present day France, Benelux and a part of Germany....
    
     5th c. - 8th c. (France, Germany)
  • Asturian 711-910 (North Spain, North Portugal)
  • Carolingian
    Carolingian architecture
    Carolingian architecture is the style of north European Pre-Romanesque architecture belonging to the period of the Carolingian Renaissance of the late 8th and 9th centuries, when the Carolingian family dominated west European politics...
    
     780s-9th c. (France, Germany)
  • Ottonian
    Ottonian architecture
    Ottonian Architecture is an architectural style which evolved during the reign of Emperor Otto the Great . The style was found in Germany and lasted from the mid 10th century until the mid 11th century....
    
     950s-1050s (Germany)
• Repoblación
  Repoblación art and architecture
  The designation Art and Architecture of the Repoblación has been applied in recent years to the works, predominantly architectural, carried out in the Christian kingdoms of northern Spain between the end of the 9th and beginning of the 11th centuries...
  
   880s-11th c. (Spain)

Eastern European

• Armenian 4th c. - 16th c.
• Bulgarian 681+
  • The First Bulgarian Empire 681-1018
  • Tarnavo Artistic School
    Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School
    The Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School is a term for the development of architecture during the Second Bulgarian Empire . In the 13th and 14th centuries the capital Tarnovo determined the progress of the Bulgarian architecture with many edifices preserved or reconstructed which show the...
    
     13th-14th c. (Bulgaria)
• Serbian
  • Raska School 12th-15th c.
  • Morava School

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Medieval Europe

The dominance of the Church over everyday life was expressed in grand spiritual designs which emphasized piety and sobriety. The Romanesque style was simple and austere. The Gothic style heightened the effect with heavenly spires, pointed arches and ornamental religious carvings.

• Medieval
  Medieval architecture
  Medieval architecture is a term used to represent various forms of architecture common in Medieval Europe.-Characteristics:-Religious architecture:...
  
  
• Byzantine architecture
  Byzantine architecture
  Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire. The empire gradually emerged as a distinct artistic and cultural entity from what is today referred to as the Roman Empire after AD 330, when the Roman Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire east from Rome to...
  
   -1520 (see above)
  • Kievan Rus' architecture 988-1237

Romanesque

• Pre-Romanesque (see above)
• First Romanesque
  First Romanesque
  First Romanesque is the name due to Josep Puig i Cadafalch to refer to the Romanesque art developed in Catalonia since the late 10th century....
  
   1000-? (France, Italy, Spain)
  • (including "Lombard Romanesque" in Italy)
• Romanesque
  Romanesque architecture
  Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
  
   1000-1300
• Norman
  Norman architecture
  About|Romanesque architecture, primarily English|other buildings in Normandy|Architecture of Normandy.File:Durham Cathedral. Nave by James Valentine c.1890.jpg|thumb|200px|The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the...
  
   1074-1250 (Normandy, UK, Ireland, Italy, Malta)
• Cistercian monasteries
  Cistercian architecture
  Cistercian architecture is a style of architecture associated with the churches, monasteries and abbeys of the Roman Catholic Cistercian Order. It was headed by Abbot Bernard of Clairvaux , who believed that churches should avoid superfluous ornamentation so as not to distract from the religious life...
  
   mid 12th c. (Europe)

Associated styles

• Timber frame styles
  Timber framing
  Timber framing , or half-timbering, also called in North America "post-and-beam" construction, is the method of creating structures using heavy squared off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs . It is commonplace in large barns...
  
   (UK, France, Germany, Holland)
• Tarnovo Artistic School
  Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School
  The Architecture of the Tarnovo Artistic School is a term for the development of architecture during the Second Bulgarian Empire . In the 13th and 14th centuries the capital Tarnovo determined the progress of the Bulgarian architecture with many edifices preserved or reconstructed which show the...
  
   13th-14th century (Bulgaria)

Gothic

1140-1520

• Gothic
  Gothic architecture
  Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
  
  
• Early English Period c.1190—c.1250
• Decorated Period c.1290–c.1350
• Perpendicular Period c.1350–c.1550
• Rayonnant Gothic
  Rayonnant
  Rayonnant is a term used to describe a period in the development of French Gothic architecture, ca. 1240–1350. Developing out of the High Gothic style, Rayonnant is characterised by a shift in focus away from the great scale and spatial rationalism of buildings like Chartres Cathedral or the...
  
   1240-c.1350 (France, Germany, Central Europe)
• Venetian Gothic
  Venetian Gothic architecture
  Venetian Gothic is a term given to an architectural style combining use of the Gothic lancet arch with Byzantine and Moorish architecture influences. The style originated in 14th century Venice with the confluence of Byzantine styles from Constantinople, Arab influences from Moorish Spain and early...
  
   14th-15th c. (Venice in Italy)
• Spanish Gothic
  Spanish Gothic architecture
  Spanish Gothic architecture is the style of architecture prevalent in Spain in the Late Medieval period.The Gothic style started in Spain as a result of Central European influence in the twelfth century when late Romanesque alternated with few expressions of pure Gothic architecture...
  
  
  • Mudéjar Style
    Mudéjar
    Mudéjar is the name given to individual Moors or Muslims of Al-Andalus who remained in Iberia after the Christian Reconquista but were not converted to Christianity...
    
     c.1200-1700 (Spain, Portugal, Latin America)
  • Aragonese Mudéjar
    Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon
    Mudéjar Architecture of Aragon is an aesthetic trend in the Mudéjar style, which is centered in Aragon and has been recognized in some representative buildings as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO....
    
     c.1200-1700 (Aragon in Spain)
  • Isabelline Gothic
    Isabelline Gothic
    Isabelline Gothic , is a style of the Crown of Castile during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, who represents the transition between late Gothic and early Renaissance, with original features and decorative influences of Mudéjar art, Flanders and in a lesser extent, Italy.The Isabelline style...
    
     1474-1505 (reign) (Spain)
  • Plateresque
    Plateresque
    Plateresque, meaning "in the manner of a silversmith" , was an artistic movement, especially architectural, traditionally held to be exclusive to Spain and its territories, which appeared between the late Gothic and early Renaissance in the late 15th century, and spread over the next two centuries...
    
     1490-1560 (Spain & colonies, bridging Gothic and Renaissance styles)
• Flamboyant Gothic
  Flamboyant
  Flamboyant is the name given to a florid style of late Gothic architecture in vogue in France from the 14th to the early 16th century, a version of which spread to Spain and Portugal during the 15th century; the equivalent stylistic period in English architecture is called the Decorated Style, and...
  
   1400-1500 (Spain, France, Portugal)
• Brick Gothic
  Brick Gothic
  Brick Gothic is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Northern Europe, especially in Northern Germany and the regions around the Baltic Sea that do not have natural rock resources. The buildings are essentially built from bricks...
  
   c.1350–c.1400
• Manueline
  Manueline
  The Manueline, or Portuguese late Gothic, is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and representations of the discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral...
  
   1495-1521 (reign) (Portugal & colonies)

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The Renaissance and its successors

1425-1660+. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread through Europe, rebelling against the all-powerful Church, by placing Man at the centre of his world instead of God. The Gothic spires and pointed arches were replaced by classical domes and rounded arches, with comfortable spaces and entertaining details, in a celebration of humanity. The Baroque style was a florid development of this 200 years later, largely by the Catholic Church to restate its religious values.

• Renaissance
  Renaissance architecture
  Renaissance architecture is the architecture of the period between the early 15th and early 17th centuries in different regions of Europe, demonstrating a conscious revival and development of certain elements of ancient Greek and Roman thought and material culture. Stylistically, Renaissance...
  
   c.1425-1600 (Western Europe, American colonies)
• Palladian
  Palladian architecture
  Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio . The term "Palladian" normally refers to buildings in a style inspired by Palladio's own work; that which is recognised as Palladian architecture today is an evolution of...
  
   1516-1580 (Venezia, Italy; revived in UK)
• Mannerism
  Mannerism
  Mannerism is a period of European art that emerged from the later years of the Italian High Renaissance around 1520. It lasted until about 1580 in Italy, when a more Baroque style began to replace it, but Northern Mannerism continued into the early 17th century throughout much of Europe...
  
   1520-1600
• Eastern Orthodox Church
  Eastern Orthodox church architecture
  An Orthodox church as a church building of Eastern Orthodoxy has a distinct, recognizable style among church architectures.-History:While sharing many traditions, East and West in Christianity began to diverge from each other from an early date...
  
   1400?+ (Eastern Europe)

United Kingdom

• Tudor
  Tudor architecture
  The Tudor architectural style is the final development of medieval architecture during the Tudor period and even beyond, for conservative college patrons...
  
   1485–1603
• Elizabethan
  Elizabethan architecture
  Elizabethan architecture is the term given to early Renaissance architecture in England, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Historically, the period corresponds to the Cinquecento in Italy, the Early Renaissance in France, and the Plateresque style in Spain...
  
   1480-1620?
• Jacobean
  Jacobean architecture
  The Jacobean style is the second phase of Renaissance architecture in England, following the Elizabethan style. It is named after King James I of England, with whose reign it is associated.-Characteristics:...
  
   1580-1660

Spain

• Spanish Renaissance
  Architecture of the Spanish Renaissance
  Renaissance architecture was that style of architecture which evolved firstly in Florence and then Rome and other parts of Italy as the result of Humanism and a revived interest in Classical architecture...
  
  
• Herrerian
  Herrerian
  The Herrerian was developed in Spain during the last third of the 16th century under the reign of Philip II , and continued in force in the 17th century, but transformed by the Baroque current of the time...
  
   1550-1650 (Spain & colonies)
• Plateresque
  Plateresque
  Plateresque, meaning "in the manner of a silversmith" , was an artistic movement, especially architectural, traditionally held to be exclusive to Spain and its territories, which appeared between the late Gothic and early Renaissance in the late 15th century, and spread over the next two centuries...
  
   continued from Spanish Gothic -1560 (Spain & colonies, Low Countries)

Colonial

• Spanish Colonial 1520s–c.1820s (New World, East Indies, other colonies)
• Dutch Colonial
  Dutch Colonial
  Dutch Colonial is a style of domestic architecture, primarily characterized by gambrel roofs having curved eaves along the length of the house...
  
   1615-1674 (Treaty of Westminster) (New England)
• Chilotan
  Chilota architecture
  Chilotan architecture is a unique architectural style that is mainly restricted to the Chiloé Archipelago and neighboring areas of southern Chile...
  
   1600+ (Chiloé and southern Chile)

Baroque

1600-1800, up to 1900

• Baroque
  Baroque architecture
  Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...
  
   c.1600-1750 (Western Europe, the Americas)
• English Baroque
  English Baroque
  English Baroque is a term sometimes used to refer to the developments in English architecture that were parallel to the evolution of Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London and the Treaty of Utrecht ....
  
   1666 (Great Fire) – 1713 (Treaty of Utrecht)
• Spanish Baroque
  Spanish Baroque
  Spanish Baroque is a strand of Baroque architecture that evolved in Spain and its provinces and former colonies, notably Spanish America and Belgium....
  
   c.1600-1760
  • Churrigueresque
    Churrigueresque
    Churrigueresque refers to a Spanish Baroque style of elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 17th century and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the...
    
    , 1660s-1750s (Spain & New World), revival 1915+ (southwest USA, Hawaii)
• French Baroque c. 1650-1789
• Dutch Baroque c.1650-1700
• Sicilian Baroque
  Sicilian Baroque
  Sicilian Baroque is the distinctive form of Baroque architecture that took hold on the island of Sicily, off the southern coast of Italy, in the 17th and 18th centuries...
  
   1693 earthquake – c.1745
• Russian Baroque (c.1680-1750)
  • Naryshkin Baroque
    Naryshkin Baroque
    Naryshkin Baroque, also called Moscow Baroque, or Muscovite Baroque, is the name given to a particular style of Baroque architecture and decoration which was fashionable in Moscow from the turn of the 17th into the early 18th centuries.-Style:...
    
     c.1690-1720 (Moscow
    Moscow
    Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
    
    , Russian Empire)
  • Ukrainian Baroque
    Ukrainian Baroque
    Ukrainian Baroque or Cossack Baroque is an architectural style that emerged in Ukraine during the Hetmanate era, in the 17th and 18th centuries....
    
     late 17th-18th (Kiev
    Kiev
    Kiev or Kyiv is the capital and the largest city of Ukraine, located in the north central part of the country on the Dnieper River. The population as of the 2001 census was 2,611,300. However, higher numbers have been cited in the press....
    
    , Russian Empire)
  • Petrine Baroque
    Petrine Baroque
    Petrine Baroque is a name applied by art historians to a style of Baroque architecture and decoration favoured by Peter the Great and employed to design buildings in the newly-founded Russian capital, Saint Petersburg, under this monarch and his immediate successors.Unlike contemporaneous Naryshkin...
    
     c.1700-1745 (St.Petersburg, Russian Empire)
  • Elizabethian Baroque 1736-1762 (Russian Empire)
• Rococo
  Rococo
  Rococo , also referred to as "Late Baroque", is an 18th-century style which developed as Baroque artists gave up their symmetry and became increasingly ornate, florid, and playful...
  
   c.1720-1789 (France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain)

---

Neoclassicism

1720-1837 and on. A time often depicted as a rural idyll by the great painters, but in fact was a hive of early industrial activity, with small kilns and workshops springing up wherever materials could be mined or manufactured. After the Renaissance, neoclassical forms were developed and refined into new styles for public buildings and the gentry.

Neoclassical

• Neoclassical
  Neoclassical architecture
  Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
  
   c.1715-1820
• Beaux-Arts 1670+ (France) and 1880 (USA)
• Georgian
  Georgian architecture
  Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I of Great Britain, George II of Great Britain, George III of the United...
  
   1720-1840s (UK, USA)
• American Colonial 1720-1780s (USA)
• Pombaline style
  Pombaline style
  The Pombaline style was a Portuguese architectural style of the 18th century, named after Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the first Marquês de Pombal who was instrumental in reconstructing Lisbon after the earthquake of 1755. Pombal supervised the plans drawn up by the military engineers Manuel...
  
   1755-c.1860 (earthquake in Portugal)
• Adam style
  Adam style
  The Adam style is an 18th century neoclassical style of interior design and architecture, as practiced by the three Adam brothers from Scotland; of whom Robert Adam and James Adam were the most widely known.The Adam brothers were the first to advocate an integrated style for architecture and...
  
   1760-1795 (England, Scotland, Russia, USA)
• Federal
  Federal architecture
  Federal-style architecture is the name for the classicizing architecture built in the United States between c. 1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to 1815. This style shares its name with its era, the Federal Period. The name Federal style is also used in association with furniture design...
  
   1780-1830 (USA)
• Empire
  Empire (style)
  The Empire style, , sometimes considered the second phase of Neoclassicism, is an early-19th-century design movement in architecture, furniture, other decorative arts, and the visual arts followed in Europe and America until around 1830, although in the U. S. it continued in popularity in...
  
   1804-1830, revival 1870 (Europe, USA)
• Regency
  Regency architecture
  The Regency style of architecture refers primarily to buildings built in Britain during the period in the early 19th century when George IV was Prince Regent, and also to later buildings following the same style...
  
   1811-1830 (UK)
• Neo-palladian
  Palladian architecture
  Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio . The term "Palladian" normally refers to buildings in a style inspired by Palladio's own work; that which is recognised as Palladian architecture today is an evolution of...
  
  
  • Jeffersonian
    Jeffersonian architecture
    Jeffersonian Architecture is an American form of Neo-Classicism or Neo-Palladianism embodied in American president and polymath Thomas Jefferson's designs for his home , his retreat , his school , and his designs for the homes of friends and political allies...
    
     1790s-1830s (Virginia in USA)
  • American Empire
    American Empire (style)
    American Empire is a French-inspired Neoclassical style of American furniture and decoration that takes its name and originates from the Empire style introduced during the First French Empire period under Napoleon's rule. It gained its greatest popularity in the U.S...
    
     1810
• Greek Revival architecture
  Greek Revival architecture
  The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture...
  
  
• Neo-Grec
  Neo-Grec
  Neo-Grec is a term referring to late manifestations of Neoclassicism, early Neo-Renaissance now called the Greek Revival style, which was popularized in architecture, the decorative arts, and in painting during France's Second Empire, or the reign of Napoleon III, a period that lasted...
  
   1845–65 (UK, USA, France)

---

Revivalism and Orientalism

19th- early 20th century. The Victorian Era was a time of giant leaps forward in technology and society, such as iron bridges, aqueducts, sewer systems, roads, canals, trains and factories. As engineers, inventors and businessmen they reshaped much of the British Empire, including the UK, India, Australia, South Africa and Canada, and influenced Europe and the USA. Architecturally, they were revivalists who modified old styles to suit new purposes.

• Revival architecture
• Victorian
  Victorian architecture
  The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...
  
   1837-1901 (UK)
  • See also San Francisco architecture
    San Francisco architecture
    San Francisco architecture does not refer to a particular architectural style but to San Francisco's unique status as a major architectural landmark and epicenter...
    
    
• Edwardian
  Edwardian architecture
  Edwardian architecture is the style popular when King Edward VII of the United Kingdom was in power; he reigned from 1901 to 1910, but the architecture style is generally considered to be indicative of the years 1901 to 1914....
  
   1901-1910 (UK)

Revivals originating prior to the Victorian Era

• Gothic Revival
  Gothic Revival architecture
  The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in the 1740s in England...
  
   1740s+ (UK, USA, Europe)
• Italianate 1802-1890 (UK, Europe, USA)
• Egyptian Revival
  Egyptian Revival architecture
  Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's conquest of Egypt and Admiral Nelson's defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of the Nile during 1798....
  
   1809–1820s, 1840s, 1920s (Europe, USA)
• Biedermeier
  Biedermeier
  In Central Europe, the Biedermeier era refers to the middle-class sensibilities of the historical period between 1815, the year of the Congress of Vienna at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and 1848, the year of the European revolutions...
  
   1815–1848 (Central Europe)
• Russian Revival
  Russian Revival
  The Russian Revival style is the generic term for a number of different movements within Russian architecture that arose in second quarter of the 19th century and was an eclectic melding of pre-Peterine Russian architecture and elements of Byzantine architecture.The Russian Revival style arose...
  
   1826-1917 (Russian Empire, Germany, Middle Asia)
• Russo-Byzantine style
  Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire
  Neo-Byzantine architecture in the Russian Empire emerged in the 1850s and became an officially endorsed preferred architectural style for church construction during the reign of Alexander II of Russia , replacing the Russo-Byzantine style of Konstantin Thon...
  
   1861-1917 (Russia, Eastern Europe, Balkans)
• Russian neoclassical revival
  Russian neoclassical revival
  Russian neoclassical revival was a trend in Russian culture, mostly pronounced in architecture, that briefly replaced eclecticism and Art Nouveau as the leading architectural style between the Revolution of 1905 and the outbreak of World War I, coexisting with the Silver Age of Russian Poetry...
  
   1900-1920 (Russian Empire, Eastern Europe)

Victorian Revivals

• Renaissance Revival
  Neo-Renaissance
  Renaissance Revival is an all-encompassing designation that covers many 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian nor Gothic but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes...
  
   1840–90 (UK)
  • Timber frame revivals
    Timber framing
    Timber framing , or half-timbering, also called in North America "post-and-beam" construction, is the method of creating structures using heavy squared off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs . It is commonplace in large barns...
    
     in various styles (Europe)
  • Black-and-white Revival
    Black-and-white Revival architecture
    The Black-and-white Revival was an architectural movement from the middle of the 19th century which revived the vernacular elements of the past, using timber framing. The wooden framing is painted black and the panels between the frames are painted white...
    
     1811+ (UK especially Chester)
  • Jacobethan
    Jacobethan
    Jacobethan is the style designation coined in 1933 by John Betjeman to describe the mixed national Renaissance revival style that was made popular in England from the late 1820s, which derived most of its inspiration and its repertory from the English Renaissance , with elements of Elizabethan and...
    
     1830–70 (UK)
  • Tudorbethan aka Mock Tudor 1835–1885+ (UK)
• Bristol Byzantine
  Bristol Byzantine
  Bristol Byzantine is a variety of Byzantine Revival architecture that was popular in the city of Bristol from about 1850 to 1880.Many buildings in the style have been destroyed or demolished, but notable surviving examples include the Colston Hall, the Granary on Welsh Back, the Carriage Works, in...
  
   1850-1880
• Second Empire 1855–1880 (France, UK, USA, Canada, Australia)
• Queen Anne Style
  Queen Anne Style architecture
  The Queen Anne Style in Britain means either the English Baroque architectural style roughly of the reign of Queen Anne , or a revived form that was popular in the last quarter of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century...
  
   1870–1910s (UK, USA)
• Edwardian Baroque
  Edwardian Baroque architecture
  The term Edwardian Baroque refers to the Neo-Baroque architectural style of many public buildings built in the British Empire during the Edwardian era ....
  
   1901-1922 (UK & British Empire)

Orientalism

• Orientalism
  Orientalism
  Orientalism is a term used for the imitation or depiction of aspects of Eastern cultures in the West by writers, designers and artists, as well as having other meanings...
  
  
• Neo-Mudéjar
  Neo-Mudéjar
  The Neo-Mudéjar is an architectural movement which originated in Spain and emerged as a revival of the Mudéjar architecture. It appeared in the late 19th century in Madrid, and soon spread to other regions of the country. Such architects as Emilio Rodríguez Ayuso perceived the Mudéjar art as...
  
   1880s-1920s (Spain, Portugal, Bosnia, California)
• Moorish Revival (USA, Europe)
• Egyptian Revival
  Egyptian Revival architecture
  Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's conquest of Egypt and Admiral Nelson's defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of the Nile during 1798....
  
   1920s (Europe, USA; see above)
• Mayan Revival 1920-1930s (USA)

Revivals in North America

• Rundbogenstil
  Rundbogenstil
  Rundbogenstil , one of the nineteenth-century historic revival styles of architecture, is a variety of Romanesque revival popular in the German-speaking lands and the German diaspora....
  
   1835-1870 (Germany)
• Romanesque Revival
  Romanesque Revival architecture
  Romanesque Revival is a style of building employed beginning in the mid 19th century inspired by the 11th and 12th century Romanesque architecture...
  
   1840–1930s (USA)
• Gothic Revival
  Gothic Revival architecture
  The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in the 1740s in England...
  
   (see above)
  • Carpenter Gothic
    Carpenter Gothic
    Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic, and Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters...
    
     1870+ (USA)
  • High Victorian Gothic
    High Victorian Gothic
    High Victorian Gothic was an eclectic architectural style and movement during the mid-late 19th century. It is seen by architectural historians as either sub-style of the broader Gothic Revival style, or a separate style unto its own right....
    
     (Anglosphere)
  • Collegiate Gothic
    Collegiate Gothic in North America
    Collegiate Gothic is an architectural genre, a subgenre of Gothic Revival architecture.-History:The beginnings of Collegiate Gothic in North America date back to 1894 when Cope & Stewardson completed Pembroke Hall on the campus of Bryn Mawr College...
    
    , 1910–1960 (USA)
• Stick Style 1860-1890+ (US)
• Queen Anne Style architecture (United States)
  Queen Anne Style architecture (United States)
  In America, the Queen Anne style of architecture, furniture and decorative arts was popular in the United States from 1880 to 1910. In American usage "Queen Anne" is loosely used of a wide range of picturesque buildings with "free Renaissance" details rather than of a specific formulaic style in...
  
   1880–1910s (US)
  • Eastlake Style 1879-1905
• Richardsonian Romanesque
  Richardsonian Romanesque
  Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston , designated a National Historic Landmark...
  
   1880s-1905 (USA)
• Shingle Style 1879-1905
• Neo-Byzantine
  Neo-Byzantine architecture
  The Byzantine Revival was an architectural revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It emerged in 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of 19th century in the Russian Empire; an isolated Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia...
  
   1882–1920s (USA)
• Renaissance Revival
  Neo-Renaissance
  Renaissance Revival is an all-encompassing designation that covers many 19th century architectural revival styles which were neither Grecian nor Gothic but which instead drew inspiration from a wide range of classicizing Italian modes...
  
  
  • American Renaissance
    American Renaissance
    In the history of American architecture and the arts, the American Renaissance was the period in 1835-1880 characterized by renewed national self-confidence and a feeling that the United States was the heir to Greek democracy, Roman law, and Renaissance humanism...
    
    
  • Châteauesque
    Châteauesque
    Châteauesque is one of several terms, including Francis I style, and, in Canada, the Château Style, that refer to a revival architectural style based on the French Renaissance architecture of the monumental French country homes built in the Loire Valley from the late fifteenth century to the...
    
     1887-1930s (Canada, USA, Hungary)
    • Canadian Chateau
      Canada's grand railway hotels
      Canada’s railway hotels are a series of grand hotels across the country, each a local and national landmark, and most of which are icons of Canadian history and architecture. Each hotel was originally built by the Canadian railway companies, or the railways acted as a catalyst for the hotel’s...
      
       1880s-1920s (Canada)
  • Mediterranean Revival 1890s+ (USA, Latin America, Europe)
• Mission Revival
  Mission Revival Style architecture
  The Mission Revival Style was an architectural movement that began in the late 19th century for a colonial style's revivalism and reinterpretation, which drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California....
  
   1894-1936; (California, southwest USA)
  • Pueblo Revival
    Pueblo Revival Style architecture
    The Pueblo Revival style is a regional architectural style of the Southwestern United States which draws its inspiration from the Pueblos and the Spanish missions in New Mexico. The style developed at the turn of the 20th century and reached its greatest popularity in the 1920s and 1930s, though it...
    
     1898–1930+ (southwest USA)
• Colonial Revival
  Colonial Revival architecture
  The Colonial Revival was a nationalistic architectural style, garden design, and interior design movement in the United States which sought to revive elements of Georgian architecture, part of a broader Colonial Revival Movement in the arts. In the early 1890s Americans began to value their own...
  
   1890s+
• Dutch Colonial Revival c.1900 (New England)
• Spanish Colonial Revival 1915+ (California, Hawaii, Florida, southwest USA)
• Beaux-Arts Revival 1880+ (USA, Canada), 1920+ (Australia)
• City Beautiful
  City Beautiful movement
  The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy concerning North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of using beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. The movement, which was originally associated mainly with Chicago,...
  
   1890–20th c. (USA)

Other late 19th century

• Queenslander
  Queenslander (architecture)
  Queenslander architecture is a modern term for the vernacular type of architecture of Queensland, Australia. It is also found in the northern parts of the adjacent state of New South Wales and shares many traits with architecture in other states of Australia but is distinct and unique...
  
   1840s–1960s (Australian)
  • Australian styles
    Australian architectural styles
    Australian architectural styles, like the revivalist trends which dominated Europe for centuries, have been primarily derivative.-Background:...
    
    
  • Federation
    Federation architecture
    Federation architecture refers to the architectural style in Australia, which was prevalent from around 1890 to 1920. The period refers to the Federation of Australia on 1 January 1901, when the Australian colonies collectively became the Commonwealth of Australia...
    
     1890-1920 (Australian)
• Neo-Manueline
  Neo-Manueline
  Neo-Manueline was a revival architecture and decorative arts style developed in Portugal between the middle of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century...
  
   1840s-1910s (Portugal, Brazil)
• Dragestil
  Dragestil
  Dragestil was the Norwegian name of a style of design and architecture that was widely used in Scandinavia principally between 1880 and 1910. -History:...
  
   1880s-1910s (Norway)
• Neo-Plateresque and Monterrey Style
  Plateresque
  Plateresque, meaning "in the manner of a silversmith" , was an artistic movement, especially architectural, traditionally held to be exclusive to Spain and its territories, which appeared between the late Gothic and early Renaissance in the late 15th century, and spread over the next two centuries...
  
   19th c. - early 20th c. (Spain, Mexico)

Rural styles

• Swiss chalet style
  Swiss chalet style
  Swiss chalet style is an architectural style inspired by the chalets of Switzerland. The style originated in Germany in the early 19th century and was popular in parts of Europe and North America, notably in the architecture of Norway, the country house architecture of Sweden, Cincinnati, Ohio,...
  
   1840s-1920s+ (Scandinavia, Germany, later global)
• Adirondack
  Adirondack Architecture
  Adirondack Architecture refers to the rugged architectural style generally associated with the Great Camps within the Adirondack Mountains area in New York. The builders of these camps used native building materials and sited their buildings within an irregular wooded landscape...
  
   1850s (New York, USA)
• National Park Service Rustic
  National Park Service Rustic
  National Park Service rustic, also colloquially known as Parkitecture, is a style of architecture that arose in the United States National Park System to create buildings that harmonized with their natural environment. Since its founding, the National Park Service consistently has sought to provide...
  
   aka Parkitecture 1903+ (USA)

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Reactions to the Industrial Revolution

1880-1940. As a reaction to the dirty towns, urbanisation and mechanisation, movements appeared calling for a return to wholesome living, craftsmanship and a connection with nature. Some of this was manifested in a taste for exotic cultures and spirituality.

Arts and Crafts in Europe

• Arts and Crafts
  Arts and Crafts movement
  Arts and Crafts was an international design philosophy that originated in England and flourished between 1860 and 1910 , continuing its influence until the 1930s...
  
   1880–1910 (UK)
• Art Nouveau
  Art Nouveau
  Art Nouveau is an international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. The name "Art Nouveau" is French for "new art"...
  
   aka Jugendstil 1885–1910
  • Modernisme
    Modernisme
    Modernisme was a cultural movement associated with the search for Catalan national identity. It is often understood as an equivalent to a number of fin-de-siècle art movements, such as Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Secessionism, and Liberty style, and was active from roughly 1888 to 1911 Modernisme ...
    
     1888-1911 (Catalonian Art Nouveau)
  • Glasgow Style 1890-1910 (Glasgow, Scotland)
  • Vienna Secession
    Vienna Secession
    The Vienna Secession was formed in 1897 by a group of Austrian artists who had resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists, housed in the Vienna Künstlerhaus. This movement included painters, sculptors, and architects...
    
     1897-1905 (Austrian Art Nouveau)

Arts and Crafts in the USA

• American Craftsman
  American Craftsman
  The American Craftsman Style, or the American Arts and Crafts Movement, is an American domestic architectural, interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts style and lifestyle philosophy that began in the last years of the 19th century. As a comprehensive design and art...
  
   aka American Arts and Crafts 1890s–1930 (USA)
• Prairie Style 1900–1917 (USA)
• American Foursquare
  American Foursquare
  The American Foursquare or American Four Square is an American house style popular from the mid-1890s to the late 1930s. A reaction to the ornate and mass produced elements of the Victorian and other Revival styles popular throughout the last half of the 19th century, the American Foursquare was...
  
   mid 1890s - late 1930s (USA)
• California Bungalow
  California Bungalow
  California bungalows, known as Californian bungalows in Australia and are commonly called simply bungalows in America, are a form of residential structure that were widely popular across America and, to some extent, the world around the years 1910 to 1939.-Exterior features:Bungalows are 1 or 1½...
  
   1910-1939 (USA, Australia, then global)

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Modernism

1880+. The Industrial Revolution had brought steel, plate glass, and mass-produced components. These enabled a brave new world of bold structural frames, with clean lines and plain or shiny surfaces. In the early stages, a popular motto was "decoration is a crime". In Eastern Europe the Communists rejected the West's decadent ways, and modernism developed in a markedly more bureaucratic, sombre and monumental fashion.

• Chicago School
  Chicago school (architecture)
  Chicago's architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago School. The style is also known as Commercial style. In the history of architecture, the Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century...
  
   1880-1890, 1940s-1960s (USA)
• Functionalism
  Functionalism (architecture)
  Functionalism, in architecture, is the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building. This statement is less self-evident than it first appears, and is a matter of confusion and controversy within the profession, particularly in regard to modern...
  
   c.1900-1930s (Europe, USA)
• Futurism
  Futurist architecture
  Futurist architecture is an early-20th century form of architecture characterized by anti-historicism and long horizontal lines suggesting speed, motion and urgency. Technology and even violence were among the themes of the Futurists. The movement was founded by the poet Filippo Tommaso...
  
   1909 (Europe)
• Expressionism
  Expressionist architecture
  Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement that developed in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts....
  
   1910–c.1924
  • Amsterdam School
    Amsterdam School
    The Amsterdam School is a style of architecture that arose from 1910 through about 1930 in The Netherlands...
    
     1912–1924 (Netherlands)
• Organic architecture
  Organic architecture
  Organic architecture is a philosophy of architecture which promotes harmony between human habitation and the natural world through design approaches so sympathetic and well integrated with its site that buildings, furnishings, and surroundings become part of a unified, interrelated...
  
  
• New Objectivity
  New Objectivity (architecture)
  The New Objectivity is a name often given to the Modern architecture that emerged in Europe, primarily German-speaking Europe, in the 1920s and 30s. It is also frequently called Neues Bauen...
  
   aka Rationalism 1920-1939 (Germany, Holland, Budapest)
• Bauhaus
  Bauhaus
  ', commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term stood for "School of Building".The Bauhaus school was founded by...
  
   1919-1930+ (Germany, Northern Europe)
• De Stijl
  De Stijl
  De Stijl , propagating the group's theories. Next to van Doesburg, the group's principal members were the painters Piet Mondrian , Vilmos Huszár , and Bart van der Leck , and the architects Gerrit Rietveld , Robert van 't Hoff , and J.J.P. Oud...
  
   1920s (Holland, Europe)
• Art Deco
  Art Deco
  Art deco , or deco, is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris in the 1920s and flourished internationally throughout the 1930s, into the World War II era. The style influenced all areas of design, including architecture and interior design, industrial design, fashion and...
  
   1925–1940s (global)
  • List of Art Deco architecture
• Modernism
  Modern architecture
  Modern architecture is generally characterized by simplification of form and creation of ornament from the structure and theme of the building. It is a term applied to an overarching movement, with its exact definition and scope varying widely...
  
   1927–1960s
• International Style
  International style (architecture)
  The International style is a major architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, the formative decades of Modern architecture. The term originated from the name of a book by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson, The International Style...
  
   1930+ (Europe, USA)
• Streamline Moderne
  Streamline Moderne
  Streamline Moderne, sometimes referred to by either name alone or as Art Moderne, was a late type of the Art Deco design style which emerged during the 1930s...
  
   1930–1937
• Usonian 1936–1940s (USA)

Modernism under communism

• Constructivism
  Constructivist architecture
  Constructivist architecture was a form of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. It combined advanced technology and engineering with an avowedly Communist social purpose. Although it was divided into several competing factions, the movement produced...
  
   1925–1932 (USSR)
• Postconstructivism
  Postconstructivism
  Postconstructivism was a transitional architectural style that existed in the Soviet Union in the 1930s, typical of early Stalinist architecture before World War II. The term postconstructivism was coined by Selim Khan-Magomedov, a historian of architecture, to describe the product of avant-garde...
  
   1932–1941 (USSR)

New Tradition

• Fascist architecture
  Fascist architecture
  Rationalist-Fascist architecture was an Italian architectural style developed during the fascism regime and in particular starting from the late 1920s. It was promoted and practiced initially by the Gruppo 7 group, whose architects included Luigi Figini, Guido Frette, Sebastiano Larco, Gino...
  
  
• Nazi
  Nazi architecture
  Nazi architecture was an architectural plan which played a role in the Nazi party's plans to create a cultural and spiritual rebirth in Germany as part of the Third Reich....
  
   1933-1944 (Germany)
• Stalinist
  Stalinist architecture
  Stalinist architecture , also referred to as Stalinist Gothic, or Socialist Classicism, is a term given to architecture of the Soviet Union between 1933, when Boris Iofan's draft for Palace of the Soviets was officially approved, and 1955, when Nikita Khrushchev condemned "excesses" of the past...
  
   1933–1955 (USSR)

Post-War

1945-

• Modernism (continued)
• International Style (continued)
• New town
  New town
  A new town is a specific type of a planned community, or planned city, that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area. This contrasts with settlements that evolve in a more ad hoc fashion. Land use conflicts are uncommon in new...
  
  s 1946-1968+ (UK, global)
• Mid-century modern
  Mid-century modern
  Mid-Century modern is an architectural, interior and product design form that generally describes mid-20th century developments in modern design, architecture, and urban development from roughly 1933 to 1965...
  
   1950s (California, etc.)
• Googie
  Googie architecture
  Googie architecture is a form of modern architecture, a subdivision of futurist architecture influenced by car culture and the Space and Atomic Ages....
  
   1950s (USA)
• Brutalism
  Brutalist architecture
  Brutalist architecture is a style of architecture which flourished from the 1950s to the mid 1970s, spawned from the modernist architectural movement.-The term "brutalism":...
  
   1950s–1970s
• Structuralism
  Structuralism (architecture)
  Structuralism as a movement in architecture and urban planning evolved around the middle of the 20th century. It was a reaction to CIAM-Functionalism , which had led to a lifeless expression of urban planning that ignored the identity of the inhabitants and urban forms.Two different manifestations...
  
   1950s-1970s
• Metabolist
  Metabolist Movement
  In the late 1950s a small group of young Japanese architects and designers joined forces under the title of "Metabolism". Their visions for cities of the future inhabited by a mass society were characterized by large scale, flexible, and expandable structures that evoked the processes of organic...
  
   1959 (Japan)
• Danish Functionalism 1960s (Denmark)
• Structural Expressionism aka Hi-Tech 1980s+

Other 20th century

• Ponce Creole
  Ponce Creole
  Ponce Creole is an architectural style created in Ponce, Puerto Rico in the late 18th and early 19th century. This style of Puerto Rican buildings is found predominantly in residential homes in Ponce that developed between 1895 and 1920...
  
   1895-1920 (Ponce
  Ponce, Puerto Rico
  Ponce is both a city and a municipality in the southern part of Puerto Rico. The city is the seat of the municipal government.The city of Ponce, the fourth most populated in Puerto Rico, and the most populated outside of the San Juan metropolitan area, is named for Juan Ponce de León y Loayza, the...
  
   in Puerto Rico)
• Heliopolis style
  Heliopolis style
  Heliopolis style is an early 20th century architectural style developed in the new suburb of Heliopolis in eastern Cairo, Egypt. The Belgian Cairo Electric Railways and Heliopolis Oases Company, responsible for planning and developing the new suburb, created the new style to implement an exclusive...
  
   1905 – c.1935 (Egypt)
• Mar del Plata style
  Mar del Plata style
  The Mar del Plata style is a domestic architectural style very popular during the decades between 1935 and 1950 mainly in the Argentine resort city of Mar del Plata, but extended to other coastal towns like Miramar and Necochea.-Origins:...
  
   1935-1950 (Mar del Plata in Argentina)
• Soft Portuguese
  Soft Portuguese style
  The Soft Portuguese style is an architectural model used in public and private buildings in Portugal, essentially during the 1940s and the early 1950s...
  
   1940-1955 (Portugal & colonies)
• Ranch-style
  Ranch-style house
  Ranch-style houses is a domestic architectural style originating in the United States. First built in the 1920s, the ranch style was extremely popular amongst the booming post-war middle class of the 1940s to 1970s...
  
   1940s-1970s (USA)

---

Post-Modernism and the 21st century

• Post-Modernism
  Postmodern architecture
  Postmodern architecture began as an international style the first examples of which are generally cited as being from the 1950s, but did not become a movement until the late 1970s and continues to influence present-day architecture...
  
   1945+ (USA, UK)
• Shed Style
  Shed style
  Shed Style refers to a style of architecture that makes use of planar angled roofs as opposed to the common gable roof, and a heavy overall use of exposed wooden surfaces...
  
  
• Arcology
  Arcology
  Arcology, a portmanteau of the words "architecture" and "ecology", is a set of architectural design principles aimed toward the design of enormous habitats of extremely high human population density. These largely hypothetical structures would contain a variety of residential, commercial, and...
  
   1970s+ (Europe)
• Deconstructivism
  Deconstructivism
  Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s. It is characterized by ideas of fragmentation, an interest in manipulating ideas of a structure's surface or skin, non-rectilinear shapes which serve to distort and dislocate some of the elements of...
  
   1982+ (Europe, USA, Far East)
• Critical regionalism
  Critical regionalism
  Critical Regionalism is an approach to architecture that strives to counter placelessness and lack of identity in Modern Architecture by utilizing the building's geographical context...
  
   1983+
• Memphis Group
  Memphis Group
  The Memphis Group was an Italian design and architecture group started by Ettore Sottsass that designed Post Modern furniture, fabrics, ceramics, glass and metal objects from 1981-1987.-Origins:...
  
   1981-1988 (USA)
• Blobitecture
  Blobitecture
  Blobitecture from blob architecture, blobism or blobismus are terms for a movement in architecture in which buildings have an organic, amoeba-shaped, bulging form...
  
   2003+
• Interactive architecture
  Interactive architecture
  Interactive Architecture signifies a field of architecture in which objects and space have the ability to meet changing needs with respect to evolving individual, social, and environmental demands...
  
   2000+
• Sustainable architecture
  Sustainable architecture
  Sustainable architecture is a general term that describes environmentally conscious design techniques in the field of architecture. Sustainable architecture is framed by the larger discussion of sustainability and the pressing economic and political issues of our world...
  
   2000+
  • Earthship
    Earthship
    An earthship is a type of passive solar house made of natural and recycled materials. Designed and marketed by Earthship Biotecture of Taos, New Mexico, the homes are primarily constructed to work as autonomous buildings and are generally made of earth-filled tires, using thermal mass...
    
     1980+ (Started in USA, now global)
• Green building
  Green building
  Green building refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition...
  
   2000+
• Natural building
  Natural building
  A natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. Ways of achieving sustainability through natural building focus on durability and the use of minimally processed, plentiful or renewable resources, as well as those that, while...
  
   2000+

Vernacular styles

• Vernacular architecture
  Vernacular architecture
  Vernacular architecture is a term used to categorize methods of construction which use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs and circumstances. Vernacular architecture tends to evolve over time to reflect the environmental, cultural and historical context in which it...
  
  

Generic methods

• Natural building
  Natural building
  A natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. Ways of achieving sustainability through natural building focus on durability and the use of minimally processed, plentiful or renewable resources, as well as those that, while...
  
  
• Ice - Igloo
  Igloo
  An igloo or snowhouse is a type of shelter built of snow, originally built by the Inuit....
  
  , Quinzhee
  Quinzhee
  A quinzhee or quinzee is a shelter made by hollowing out a pile of settled snow. This is in contrast to an igloo, which is made from blocks of hard snow...
  
  
• Earth - Cob house, Sod house
  Sod house
  The sod house or "soddy" was a corollary to the log cabin during frontier settlement of Canada and the United States. The prairie lacked standard building materials such as wood or stone; however, sod from thickly-rooted prairie grass was abundant...
  
  , Adobe
  Adobe
  Adobe is a natural building material made from sand, clay, water, and some kind of fibrous or organic material , which the builders shape into bricks using frames and dry in the sun. Adobe buildings are similar to cob and mudbrick buildings. Adobe structures are extremely durable, and account for...
  
  , Mudbrick house
  Mudbrick
  A mudbrick is a firefree brick, made of a mixture of clay, mud, sand, and water mixed with a binding material such as rice husks or straw. They use a stiff mixture and let them dry in the sun for 25 days....
  
  , Rammed earth
  Rammed earth
  Rammed earth, also known as taipa , tapial , and pisé , is a technique for building walls using the raw materials of earth, chalk, lime and gravel. It is an ancient building method that has seen a revival in recent years as people seek more sustainable building materials and natural building methods...
  
  
• Timber - Log cabin
  Log cabin
  A log cabin is a house built from logs. It is a fairly simple type of log house. A distinction should be drawn between the traditional meanings of "log cabin" and "log house." Historically most "Log cabins" were a simple one- or 1½-story structures, somewhat impermanent, and less finished or less...
  
  , Log house, Carpenter Gothic
  Carpenter Gothic
  Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic, and Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters...
  
  , Roundhouse
  Roundhouse (dwelling)
  The roundhouse is a type of house with a circular plan, originally built in western Europe before the Roman occupation using walls made either of stone or of wooden posts joined by wattle-and-daub panels and a conical thatched roof. Roundhouses ranged in size from less than 5m in diameter to over 15m...
  
  , Stilt house
  Stilt house
  Stilt houses or pile dwellings or palafitte are houses raised on piles over the surface of the soil or a body of water. Stilt houses are built primarily as a protection against flooding, but also serve to keep out vermin...
  
  
• Nomadic structures - Yaranga
  Yaranga
  A Yaranga is a tent-like traditional mobile home of some nomadic Northern indigenous peoples of Russia, such as Chukchi and Siberian Yupik.A Yaranga is a cone-shaped or rounded reindeer-hide tent. It is built of a light wooden frame covered with reindeer skins or canvas sewn together.The word...
  
  
• Temporary structures - Quonset hut
  Quonset hut
  A Quonset hut is a lightweight prefabricated structure of corrugated galvanized steel having a semicircular cross section. The design was based on the Nissen hut developed by the British during World War I...
  
  , Nissen hut
  Nissen hut
  A Nissen hut is a prefabricated steel structure made from a half-cylindrical skin of corrugated steel, a variant of which was used extensively during World War II.-Description:...
  
  , Prefabricated home
  Prefabricated home
  Prefabricated homes, often referred to as prefab homes, are dwellings manufactured off-site in advance, usually in standard sections that can be easily shipped and assembled....
  
  
• Underground - Underground living
  Underground living
  Underground living refers simply to living below the ground's surface, whether in naturally occurring caves or in built structures.Underground homes are an attractive alternative to traditionally built homes for some house seekers, especially those who are looking to minimize their home's negative...
  
  , Rock cut architecture
  Rock cut architecture
  Rock-cut architecture is the practice of creating buildings and other physical structures by carving natural rock. In India the term 'cave' is often applied, and in China 'cavern,' but one must differentiate natural caves from rock-cut architecture which is man-made and designed along the...
  
  , Monolithic church
  Monolithic church
  A monolithic church or rock-hewn church is a church made from a single block of stone. They are one of the most basic forms of monolithic architecture....
  
  
• Modern low-energy systems - Straw-bale construction
  Straw-bale construction
  Straw-bale construction is a building method that uses bales of straw as structural elements, building insulation, or both...
  
  , Earthbag construction
  Earthbag construction
  Earthbag construction is an inexpensive method to create structures which are both strong and can be quickly built. It is a natural building technique that evolved from historic military bunker construction techniques and temporary flood-control dike building methods...
  
  , Rice-hull bagwall construction
  Rice-hull bagwall construction
  Rice-hull bagwall construction is a system of building, with results aesthetically similar to the use of earthbag or cob construction, in which woven polypropylene bags are tightly filled with raw rice-hulls, and these are stacked up, layer upon layer, with strands of four-pronged barbed wire...
  
  , Earthship
  Earthship
  An earthship is a type of passive solar house made of natural and recycled materials. Designed and marketed by Earthship Biotecture of Taos, New Mexico, the homes are primarily constructed to work as autonomous buildings and are generally made of earth-filled tires, using thermal mass...
  
  
• Various styles - Longhouse

European

• European Arctic (North Norway and Sweden, Finland, North Russia) - Sami Lavvu
  Lavvu
  Lavvu is a temporary dwelling used by the Sami people of northern Scandinavia. It has a design similar to a Native American tipi but is less vertical and more stable in high winds. It enables the indigenous cultures of the treeless plains of northern Scandinavia and the high arctic of Eurasia to...
  
  , Sami Goahti
  Goahti
  A goahti is a Sami construction that can be similar to a Sami lavvu or a peat covered version using the same base structure. It is often constructed slightly larger than a lavvu...
  
  
• Northwest Europe (Norway, Sweden, Fresia, Jutland, Denmark, North Poland, UK, Iceland) - Norse architecture
  Norse architecture
  Norse architecture was a way buildings were designed in Scandinavia before and during medieval times . The major aspects of Norse architecture are Boathouses, religious buildings , and general buildings .-Boating houses:Boathouses are the buildings used to hold Viking...
  
  , Heathen hofs
  Heathen hofs
  Heathen hofs or Germanic pagan temples were the temple buildings of Germanic paganism; there are also a few built for use in modern Germanic neopaganism...
  
  , Viking ring fortress, Stave church
  Stave church
  A stave church is a medieval wooden church with a post and beam construction related to timber framing. The wall frames are filled with vertical planks. The load-bearing posts have lent their name to the building technique...
  
  , Post church
  Post church
  Post church is a term for a church building which predates the stave churches and differ in that the corner posts do not reside on a sill but instead have posts dug into the earth. Posts are the vertical, roof-bearing timbers that were placed in the excavated post holes...
  
  , Palisade church
  Palisade church
  A palisade church is a church building which is built with palisade walls, standing split logs of timber, rammed into the ground, set in gravel or resting on a sill...
  
  , Fogou
  Fogou
  A fogou or fougou is an underground, dry-stone structure found on Iron Age or Romano-British defended settlement sites in Cornwall. Fogous have similarities with souterrains or earth-houses of northern Europe and particularly Scotland including the Orkney Islands...
  
   (aka Earth house, Souterrain), Grubenhaus
  Grubenhaus
  A Grubenhaus is a type of sunken floored building built in many parts of northern Europe between the 5th and 12th centuries AD...
  
   (aka Grubhouse, Grubhut)

• Bulgaria - Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo
  Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo
  The Rock-hewn Churches of Ivanovo are a group of monolithic churches, chapels and monasteries hewn out of solid rock and completely different from other monastery complexes in Bulgaria, located near the village of Ivanovo, 20 km south of Rousse, on the high rocky banks of the Rusenski Lom, 32 m...
  
  
• Estonia
  Estonian vernacular architecture
  The Estonian vernacular architecture consists of a number of traditional vernacular architectural styles throughout Estonia, embodied in villages, farmyards and farm houses...
  
  
• Germany - Swiss chalet style
  Swiss chalet style
  Swiss chalet style is an architectural style inspired by the chalets of Switzerland. The style originated in Germany in the early 19th century and was popular in parts of Europe and North America, notably in the architecture of Norway, the country house architecture of Sweden, Cincinnati, Ohio,...
  
  , Gulf house
  Gulf house
  A Gulf house , also called a Gulf farmhouse or East Frisian house , is a type of farmhouse that emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries in North Germany. It is timber-framed and built using post-and-beam construction. Initially Gulf houses appeared in the marshes, but later spread to the Frisian...
  
   (aka East Frisian house), Geestharden house
  Geestharden house
  The Geestharden house , also called the Cimbrian house , Schleswig house , Slesvig house or Southern Jutland house due to its geographical spread in Jutland, is one of three basic forms on which the many farmhouse types in the north German state of Schleswig-Holstein are based...
  
   (aka Cimbrian house, Schleswig house), Haubarg
  Haubarg
  A Haubarg, rarely also Hauberg, is the typical farmhouse of the Eiderstedt peninsula on the northwest coast of Germany and is a type of Gulf house...
  
  , Low German house (aka Low Saxon house), Middle German house
  Middle German house
  The Middle German house is a style of traditional German farmhouse which is predominantly found in Central Germany.It is known by a variety of other names, many of which indicate its regional distribution:* Ernhaus...
  
  , Ständerhaus
  Ständerhaus
  The Ständerhaus is a form of post-and-beam house found in northern Germany and the Netherlands. In particular it is a type of construction used in the Low German house or Fachhallenhaus, a centuries-old form of farmhouse typical of the North European Plain...
  
  , Uthland-Frisian house
  Uthland-Frisian house
  The Uthland-Frisian house , a variation of the Geestharden house, is a type of farmhouse that, for centuries, dominated the North Frisian Uthlande, that is the North Frisian Islands, the Halligen and the marshlands of northwest Germany.- Design :...
  
  
• Holland - Frisian farmhouse
  Frisian farmhouse
  A "Head-Neck-Body farmhouse" or Head-Neck-Rump farmhouse is a typical Frisian farmhouse. It consists of a residence and a kitchen placed in line in front of a big shed...
  
  , Old Frisian longhouse, Bildts farmhouse
  Bildts farmhouse
  Bildts farmhouses are of a characteristic right-angled type. This means that the house has been placed on a right angle with the barn. The reason for this is unknown, but it has been suggested that they were constructed this way so as to have a more logical location in relation to the farmlands and...
  
  
• Iceland - Icelandic turf houses
  Icelandic turf houses
  The Icelandic turf house was the product of a difficult climate, offering superior insulation compared to buildings solely made of wood or stone, and the relative difficulty in obtaining other construction materials in sufficient quantities....
  
  
• Italy - Trullo
  Trullo
  A trullo is a traditional Apulian dry stone hut with a conical roof. Their style of construction is specific to the Itria Valley, in the Murge area of the Italian region of Apulia. Trulli were generally constructed as temporary field shelters and storehouses or as permanent dwellings by small...
  
  
• Lithuania - Polish-Lithunian wooden synagogues
• Norway
  Vernacular architecture in Norway
  Vernacular architecture in Norway covers about 4,000 years of archeological, literary, and preserved structures. Within the history of Norwegian architecture, vernacular traditions form a distinct and pervasive influence that persists to this day....
  
  
• Poland - Zakopane
  Zakopane Style architecture
  Zakopane Style architecture is a mode inspired by the regional art of Poland’s highland region known as Podhale...
  
  , Polish-Lithunian wooden synagogues, Wooden Churches of Southern Lesser Poland
• Romania - The Carpathians
  Vernacular architecture of the Carpathians
  The vernacular architecture of the Carpathians draws on environmental and cultural sources to create unique designs.Vernacular architecture refers to non-professional, folk architecture, including that of the peasants...
  
  , Burdei
  Burdei
  A burdei, or bordei is a type of half-dugout shelter, somewhat between a sod house and a log cabin. This style is native to the Carpathian Mountains and forest steppes of eastern Europe.-Neolithic:...
  
  , Wooden Churches of Maramureş
  Wooden Churches of Maramures
  The Wooden Churches of Maramureş in the Maramureş region of northern Transylvania are a group of almost one hundred churches of different architectural solutions from different periods and areas. They are Orthodox churches. The Maramureş churches are high timber constructions with characteristic...
  
  , Chirpici
  Chirpici
  Chirpici is a Romanian term for adobe bricks. Chirpici is a traditional construction material made out of clay and straw, used especially on the steppes of southern Romania, in the Bărăgan Plain, but also in other lowlands of Oltenia, Moldavia and Dobruja....
  
  
• Scotland
  Scottish Vernacular
  Scottish Vernacular architecture is a form of vernacular architecture often seen as being rooted in Georgian and Victorian architectural conventions - see Edinburgh and Glasgow. However, the distinctive and unique Scottish features include corbelled Gables and Lime Renders - Culross and Aberlady...
  
   - Medieval turf building in Cronberry
  Medieval turf building in Cronberry
  Excavations in Cronberry East Ayrshire, Scotland by Headland Archaeology revealed a medieval turf building and a nearby enclosure of unknown date. The turf structure was sub-rectangular and contained a hearth surrounded by some paving. Pottery dating to no later than the 16th century was recovered...
  
  , Black house
  Black house
  A blackhouse is a traditional type of house which used to be common in the Highlands of Scotland, the Hebrides, and Ireland.- Origin of the name :...
  
  
• Slovakia - Wooden Churches of the Slovak Carpathians
• Spain - Asturian Teito, Asturian Hórreo
  Hórreo
  An hórreo is a granary built in wood or stone , raised from the ground by pillars ending in flat stones to avoid the access of rodents...
  
  , Gallician Palloza
  Palloza
  A palloza also known as pallouza or pallaza) is a traditional construction of the Serra dos Ancares.-Structure:A circular or oval, of ten to twenty meters in diameter. With stone walls and covered by a conical roof, composed of stalks of rye....
  
  
• Ukraine - Wooden churches
  Wooden churches in Ukraine
  Wooden church architecture in Ukraine dates from the beginning of Christianity and comprises a set of unique styles and forms specific to many sub-regions of the country. As a form of vernacular culture, construction of the churches in specific styles is passed on to subsequent generations...
  
  
• United Kingdom - Dartmoor longhouse
  Dartmoor longhouse
  The Dartmoor longhouse is a type of traditional home, found on the high ground of Dartmoor, in Devon, England and belong to a wider tradition of combining human residences with those of livestock under a single roof. The earliest are thought to have been built in the 13th century, and they...
  
  , Neolithic long house
  Neolithic long house
  The Neolithic long house was a long, narrow timber dwelling built by the first farmers in Europe beginning at least as early as the period 5000 to 6000 BC. This type of architecture represents the largest free-standing structure in the world in its era...
  
  , Palisade church
  Palisade church
  A palisade church is a church building which is built with palisade walls, standing split logs of timber, rammed into the ground, set in gravel or resting on a sill...
  
  , Post-war prefab houses
  British post-war temporary prefab houses
  British post-war temporary prefab houses were the major part of the delivery plan envisaged by war-time Prime Minister Winston Churchill in March 1944, and legally outlined in the Housing Act 1944, to address the United Kingdom's post–World War II housing shortage.Taking the details of the public...
  
  

North American

• Shotgun house
  Shotgun house
  The shotgun house is a narrow rectangular domestic residence, usually no more than 12 feet wide, with doors at each end. It was the most popular style of house in the Southern United States from the end of the American Civil War , through the 1920s. Alternate names include shotgun shack,...
  
   (USA)
• Florida Cracker
  Florida cracker architecture
  Florida cracker architecture is a style of woodframe home used somewhat widely in the 19th century in Florida, United States, and still popular with some developers as a source of design themes...
  
   c. 1800+ (Florida, USA)
• Tidewater
  Tidewater architecture
  Tidewater architecture is a style of architecture found mostly in coastal areas of the Southern United States. These homes, with large wraparound porches and hip roofs, were designed for wet, hot climates....
  
   (USA)

Native American

• Navajo Hogan
  Hogan
  A hogan is the primary traditional home of the Navajo people. Other traditional structures include the summer shelter, the underground home, and the sweat house...
  
  
• Plains nations Tipi
  Tipi
  A tipi is a Lakota name for a conical tent traditionally made of animal skins and wooden poles used by the nomadic tribes and sedentary tribal dwellers of the Great Plains...
  
   and Earth lodge
  Earth lodge
  An earth lodge is a semi-subterranean building covered partially or completely with earth, best known from the Native American cultures of the Great Plains and Eastern Woodlands. Most earth lodges are circular in construction with a dome-like roof, often with a central or slightly-offset smoke...
  
  
• Wigwam
  Wigwam
  A wigwam or wickiup is a domed room dwelling used by certain Native American tribes. The term wickiup is generally used to label these kinds of dwellings in American Southwest and West. Wigwam is usually applied to these structures in the American Northeast...
  
  
• Northeast nations Wetu
• Pueblo Kiva
  Kiva
  A kiva is a room used by modern Puebloans for religious rituals, many of them associated with the kachina belief system. Among the modern Hopi and most other Pueblo peoples, kivas are square-walled and underground, and are used for spiritual ceremonies....
  
  
• Colombian plateau nations Quiggly hole
  Quiggly hole
  A quiggly hole, also known simply as a quiggly or kekuli, is the remains of an underground house built by the First Nations people of the Interior of British Columbia and the Columbia Plateau in the U.S....
  
  
• Southwest nations Jacal
  Jacal
  The jacal is an adobe style housing structure historically found throughout parts of the south-western United States and Mexico. The structure was employed by some Native people of the Americas prior to European colonization and was later employed by both Hispanic and Anglo settlers in Texas and...
  
  
• Southwestern Cliff-dwelling
  Cliff-dwelling
  Cliff dwelling is the general archaeological term for the habitations of prehistorical peoples, formed by using niches or caves in high cliffs, with more or less excavation or with additions in the way of masonry....
  
  s
• Seminole Chickee
  Chickee
  Chikee or Chickee is a shelter supported by posts, with a raised floor, a thatched roof and open sides. The chickee style of architecture — palmetto thatch over a bald cypress log frame — was adopted by Seminoles during the Second and Third Seminole War as U.S...
  
  
• Amerindian longhouses

South American

• Chile - Chilotan architecture, Churches of Chiloé
  Churches of Chiloé
  The Churches of Chiloé in Chile's Chiloé Archipelago are a unique architectural phenomenon in the Americas and one of the most prominent buildings of Chilota architecture. Unlike classical Spanish colonial architecture the churches of Chiloé are made entirely in native timber with extensive use of...
  
  
• Venezuela and Chile - Palafito
  Palafito
  A palafito is a stilt village or dwelling erected on bodies of water. The name Venezuela, meaning "Little Venice," may be due to these Palafitos, which reminded Amerigo Vespucci of Venice when he explored Lake Maracaibo...
  
  

Asian

• China - Yaodong
  Yaodong
  A yaodong or "cave house" is a particular form of earth shelter dwelling common in the Loess Plateau in China's north. They are generally carved out of a hillside or excavated horizontally from a central "sunken courtyard"....
  
  
• Hong Kong - Pang uk
  Pang uk
  Pang uk is a kind of stilt house found in Tai O, Lantau Island, Hong Kong. Pang uk are built on water or on small beaches....
  
  
• India
  Indian vernacular architecture
  Indian vernacular architecture is the informal, functional architecture of structures, often in rural areas of India, built of local materials and designed to meet the needs of the local people...
  
   - Rock-cut, Toda hut
  Toda people
  The Toda people are a small pastoral community who live on the isolated Nilgiri plateau of Southern India. Before the late 18th century, the Toda coexisted locally with other communities, including the Badaga, Kota, and Kuruba, in a loose caste-like community organization in which the Toda were...
  
  
• Indonesia - Uma longhouse
  Uma longhouse
  Uma are traditional vernacular houses found on the western part of the island of Siberut in Indonesia. The island is part of the Mentawai islands off the west coast of Sumatra....
  
  , Attap dwelling
  Attap dwelling
  An attap dwelling is traditional housing found in the kampongs of Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore. Named after the attap palm, which provides the wattle for the walls, and the leaves with which their roofs are thatched, these dwellings can range from huts to substantial houses...
  
  
• Iran & Turkey - Caravanserai
  Caravanserai
  A caravanserai, or khan, also known as caravansary, caravansera, or caravansara in English was a roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey...
  
  
• Iran - Yakhchal
  Yakhchal
  Yakhchāl is an ancient type of refrigerator. The word also means "glacier" in Persian.In 400 BC Persian engineers had already mastered the technique of storing ice in the middle of summer in the desert....
  
  
• Israel - Rock-cut tombs
• Mongolia - Yurt
  Yurt
  A yurt is a portable, bent wood-framed dwelling structure traditionally used by Turkic nomads in the steppes of Central Asia. The structure comprises a crown or compression wheel usually steam bent, supported by roof ribs which are bent down at the end where they meet the lattice wall...
  
  
• Papua New Guinea - Papua New Guinea stilt house
  Papua New Guinea stilt house
  Papua New Guinea stilt house is a stilt house constructed by Motuans, one of the native peoples of Papua New Guinea. Papua New Guinea is a country with high mountains, forests, lowlands, swamps, and coral beaches....
  
  
• Philippines - Nipa hut
  Nipa Hut
  The nipa hut also known as bahay kubo, is an indigenous house used in the Philippines. The native house has traditionally been constructed with bamboo tied together and covered with a thatched roof using nipa/anahaw leaves....
  
  
• Russia - Siberian Chum
  Chum (tent)
  A chum is a temporary dwelling used by the nomadic Yamal-Nenets and Khanty reindeer herders of northwestern Siberia of Russia. They are also used by the southernmost reindeer herders, of the Todzha region of the Republic of Tyva and their cross-border relatives in northern Mongolia...
  
  
• Thailand - Thai stilt house
  Thai stilt house
  A Thai stilt house is a bamboo-made hut with sharp angled roofs and wooden floorboards. The ceiling is typically high to provide good ventilation. The mattress would be usually laid on the floor rather than on a bed. The house can be found along the beaches in Thailand, and some freshwater sources...
  
  

Australasian

• English-speaking Australasia (Australia, New Zealand) - Slab hut
  Slab Hut
  A Slab Hut is a kind of dwelling or shed made from slabs of split or sawn timber. It was a common form of construction used by settlers in Australia and New Zealand during their nations' Colonial periods.-The Australian Settler:...
  
  

• Australia - Aborigine Humpy
  Humpy
  A humpy is a small, temporary shelter made from bark and tree branches, traditionally used by Australian Aborigines, with a standing tree usually used as the main support...
  
  

Alphabetical listing

• Adam style
  Adam style
  The Adam style is an 18th century neoclassical style of interior design and architecture, as practiced by the three Adam brothers from Scotland; of whom Robert Adam and James Adam were the most widely known.The Adam brothers were the first to advocate an integrated style for architecture and...
  
   1770 England
• Adirondack Architecture
  Adirondack Architecture
  Adirondack Architecture refers to the rugged architectural style generally associated with the Great Camps within the Adirondack Mountains area in New York. The builders of these camps used native building materials and sited their buildings within an irregular wooded landscape...
  
   1850s New York, USA
• Anglo-Saxon architecture
  Anglo-Saxon architecture
  Anglo-Saxon architecture was a period in the history of architecture in England, and parts of Wales, from the mid-5th century until the Norman Conquest of 1066. Anglo-Saxon secular buildings in Britain were generally simple, constructed mainly using timber with thatch for roofing...
  
   450s-1066 England and Wales
• American colonial architecture 1720-1780s USA
• American Craftsman
  American Craftsman
  The American Craftsman Style, or the American Arts and Crafts Movement, is an American domestic architectural, interior design, landscape design, applied arts, and decorative arts style and lifestyle philosophy that began in the last years of the 19th century. As a comprehensive design and art...
  
   1890s–1930 USA, California & east
• American Empire
  American Empire (style)
  American Empire is a French-inspired Neoclassical style of American furniture and decoration that takes its name and originates from the Empire style introduced during the First French Empire period under Napoleon's rule. It gained its greatest popularity in the U.S...
  
   1810
• American Foursquare
  American Foursquare
  The American Foursquare or American Four Square is an American house style popular from the mid-1890s to the late 1930s. A reaction to the ornate and mass produced elements of the Victorian and other Revival styles popular throughout the last half of the 19th century, the American Foursquare was...
  
   mid. 1890s-late 1930s USA
• Amsterdam School
  Amsterdam School
  The Amsterdam School is a style of architecture that arose from 1910 through about 1930 in The Netherlands...
  
   1912–1924 Netherlands
• Ancient Egyptian architecture
  Ancient Egyptian architecture
  The Nile valley has been the site of one of the most influential civilizations which developed a vast array of diverse structures encompassing ancient Egyptian architecture...
  
   3000 BC–373 AD
• Ancient Greek architecture 776 BC-265 BC
• Arcology
  Arcology
  Arcology, a portmanteau of the words "architecture" and "ecology", is a set of architectural design principles aimed toward the design of enormous habitats of extremely high human population density. These largely hypothetical structures would contain a variety of residential, commercial, and...
  
   1970s AD-present
• Art Deco
  Art Deco
  Art deco , or deco, is an eclectic artistic and design style that began in Paris in the 1920s and flourished internationally throughout the 1930s, into the World War II era. The style influenced all areas of design, including architecture and interior design, industrial design, fashion and...
  
   1925–1940s Europe & USA
• Art Nouveau
  Art Nouveau
  Art Nouveau is an international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. The name "Art Nouveau" is French for "new art"...
  
   c. 1885–1910
• 1880s-1920s; U.K., California, U.S.
• Australian architectural styles
  Australian architectural styles
  Australian architectural styles, like the revivalist trends which dominated Europe for centuries, have been primarily derivative.-Background:...
  
  
• Baroque architecture
  Baroque architecture
  Baroque architecture is a term used to describe the building style of the Baroque era, begun in late sixteenth century Italy, that took the Roman vocabulary of Renaissance architecture and used it in a new rhetorical and theatrical fashion, often to express the triumph of the Catholic Church and...
  
  
• Bauhaus
  Bauhaus
  ', commonly known simply as Bauhaus, was a school in Germany that combined crafts and the fine arts, and was famous for the approach to design that it publicized and taught. It operated from 1919 to 1933. At that time the German term stood for "School of Building".The Bauhaus school was founded by...
  
  
• Biedermeier
  Biedermeier
  In Central Europe, the Biedermeier era refers to the middle-class sensibilities of the historical period between 1815, the year of the Congress of Vienna at the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and 1848, the year of the European revolutions...
  
   1815–1848
• Blobitecture
  Blobitecture
  Blobitecture from blob architecture, blobism or blobismus are terms for a movement in architecture in which buildings have an organic, amoeba-shaped, bulging form...
  
   2003–present
• Brick Gothic
  Brick Gothic
  Brick Gothic is a specific style of Gothic architecture common in Northern Europe, especially in Northern Germany and the regions around the Baltic Sea that do not have natural rock resources. The buildings are essentially built from bricks...
  
   c. 1350–c. 15th century
• Bristol Byzantine
  Bristol Byzantine
  Bristol Byzantine is a variety of Byzantine Revival architecture that was popular in the city of Bristol from about 1850 to 1880.Many buildings in the style have been destroyed or demolished, but notable surviving examples include the Colston Hall, the Granary on Welsh Back, the Carriage Works, in...
  
   1850-1880
• Brutalist architecture
  Brutalist architecture
  Brutalist architecture is a style of architecture which flourished from the 1950s to the mid 1970s, spawned from the modernist architectural movement.-The term "brutalism":...
  
   1950s–1970s
• Buddhist architecture
  Buddhist architecture
  Buddhist religious architecture developed in South Asia in the 3rd century BC.Three types of structures are associated with the religious architecture of early Buddhism: monasteries , stupas, and temples ....
  
   1st century BC
• Byzantine architecture
  Byzantine architecture
  Byzantine architecture is the architecture of the Byzantine Empire. The empire gradually emerged as a distinct artistic and cultural entity from what is today referred to as the Roman Empire after AD 330, when the Roman Emperor Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire east from Rome to...
  
   527 AD (Sofia)-1520
• Carolingian architecture
  Carolingian architecture
  Carolingian architecture is the style of north European Pre-Romanesque architecture belonging to the period of the Carolingian Renaissance of the late 8th and 9th centuries, when the Carolingian family dominated west European politics...
  
   780s-9th century France and Germany
• Carpenter Gothic
  Carpenter Gothic
  Carpenter Gothic, also sometimes called Carpenter's Gothic, and Rural Gothic, is a North American architectural style-designation for an application of Gothic Revival architectural detailing and picturesque massing applied to wooden structures built by house-carpenters...
  
   USA and Canada 1840s on
• Chicago school
  Chicago school (architecture)
  Chicago's architecture is famous throughout the world and one style is referred to as the Chicago School. The style is also known as Commercial style. In the history of architecture, the Chicago School was a school of architects active in Chicago at the turn of the 20th century...
  
   1880s and 1890 USA
• Chilota architecture
  Chilota architecture
  Chilotan architecture is a unique architectural style that is mainly restricted to the Chiloé Archipelago and neighboring areas of southern Chile...
  
   1600–present Chiloé and southern Chile
• Churrigueresque
  Churrigueresque
  Churrigueresque refers to a Spanish Baroque style of elaborate sculptural architectural ornament which emerged as a manner of stucco decoration in Spain in the late 17th century and was used up to about 1750, marked by extreme, expressive and florid decorative detailing, normally found above the...
  
  , 1660s-1750s. Spain and the New World
• City Beautiful movement
  City Beautiful movement
  The City Beautiful Movement was a reform philosophy concerning North American architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of using beautification and monumental grandeur in cities. The movement, which was originally associated mainly with Chicago,...
  
   1890–20th century USA
• Classical architecture
  Classical architecture
  Classical architecture is a mode of architecture employing vocabulary derived in part from the Greek and Roman architecture of classical antiquity, enriched by classicizing architectural practice in Europe since the Renaissance...
  
   600 BC-323 AD
• Colonial Revival architecture
  Colonial Revival architecture
  The Colonial Revival was a nationalistic architectural style, garden design, and interior design movement in the United States which sought to revive elements of Georgian architecture, part of a broader Colonial Revival Movement in the arts. In the early 1890s Americans began to value their own...
  
  
• Constructivist architecture
  Constructivist architecture
  Constructivist architecture was a form of modern architecture that flourished in the Soviet Union in the 1920s and early 1930s. It combined advanced technology and engineering with an avowedly Communist social purpose. Although it was divided into several competing factions, the movement produced...
  
  
• Danish Functionalism 1960s AD Denmark
• Deconstructivism
  Deconstructivism
  Deconstructivism is a development of postmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s. It is characterized by ideas of fragmentation, an interest in manipulating ideas of a structure's surface or skin, non-rectilinear shapes which serve to distort and dislocate some of the elements of...
  
   1982–present
• Decorated Period c. 1290–c. 1350
• Dragestil
  Dragestil
  Dragestil was the Norwegian name of a style of design and architecture that was widely used in Scandinavia principally between 1880 and 1910. -History:...
  
   1880s-1910s, Norway
• Dutch Colonial
  Dutch Colonial
  Dutch Colonial is a style of domestic architecture, primarily characterized by gambrel roofs having curved eaves along the length of the house...
  
   1615-1674 (Treaty of Westminster) New England
• Dutch Colonial Revival c. 1900 New England
• Early English Period c. 1190—c. 1250
• Eastlake Style 1879-1905 New England
• Egyptian Revival architecture
  Egyptian Revival architecture
  Egyptian Revival is an architectural style that uses the motifs and imagery of ancient Egypt. It is attributed generally to the public awareness of ancient Egyptian monuments generated by Napoleon's conquest of Egypt and Admiral Nelson's defeat of Napoleon at the Battle of the Nile during 1798....
  
   1809–1820s, 1840s, 1920s
• Elizabethan architecture
  Elizabethan architecture
  Elizabethan architecture is the term given to early Renaissance architecture in England, during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. Historically, the period corresponds to the Cinquecento in Italy, the Early Renaissance in France, and the Plateresque style in Spain...
  
   (b.1533 – d.1603)
• Empire
  Empire (style)
  The Empire style, , sometimes considered the second phase of Neoclassicism, is an early-19th-century design movement in architecture, furniture, other decorative arts, and the visual arts followed in Europe and America until around 1830, although in the U. S. it continued in popularity in...
  
   1804-1814, 1870 revival
• English Baroque
  English Baroque
  English Baroque is a term sometimes used to refer to the developments in English architecture that were parallel to the evolution of Baroque architecture in continental Europe between the Great Fire of London and the Treaty of Utrecht ....
  
   1666 (Great Fire)–1713 (Treaty of Utrecht)
• Expressionist architecture
  Expressionist architecture
  Expressionist architecture was an architectural movement that developed in Europe during the first decades of the 20th century in parallel with the expressionist visual and performing arts....
  
   1910–c. 1924
• Federal architecture
  Federal architecture
  Federal-style architecture is the name for the classicizing architecture built in the United States between c. 1780 and 1830, and particularly from 1785 to 1815. This style shares its name with its era, the Federal Period. The name Federal style is also used in association with furniture design...
  
   1780-1830 USA
• Florida cracker architecture
  Florida cracker architecture
  Florida cracker architecture is a style of woodframe home used somewhat widely in the 19th century in Florida, United States, and still popular with some developers as a source of design themes...
  
   c. 1800–present Florida, USA
• Florida modern
  Florida modern
  Florida modern is an architectural style.According to professor Jan Hochstim, Florida modern reflects wider development than the Sarasota modern school.Architect Cecil Alexander designed one house in this style.-External links:*...
  
   1950s or Tropical Modern
• Functionalism
  Functionalism (architecture)
  Functionalism, in architecture, is the principle that architects should design a building based on the purpose of that building. This statement is less self-evident than it first appears, and is a matter of confusion and controversy within the profession, particularly in regard to modern...
  
   c. 1900-1930s Europe & USA
• Futurist architecture
  Futurist architecture
  Futurist architecture is an early-20th century form of architecture characterized by anti-historicism and long horizontal lines suggesting speed, motion and urgency. Technology and even violence were among the themes of the Futurists. The movement was founded by the poet Filippo Tommaso...
  
   1909 Europe
• Georgian architecture
  Georgian architecture
  Georgian architecture is the name given in most English-speaking countries to the set of architectural styles current between 1720 and 1840. It is eponymous for the first four British monarchs of the House of Hanover—George I of Great Britain, George II of Great Britain, George III of the United...
  
   1720-1840s UK & USA
• Googie architecture
  Googie architecture
  Googie architecture is a form of modern architecture, a subdivision of futurist architecture influenced by car culture and the Space and Atomic Ages....
  
   1950s America
• Gothic Architecture History
• Gothic architecture
  Gothic architecture
  Gothic architecture is a style of architecture that flourished during the high and late medieval period. It evolved from Romanesque architecture and was succeeded by Renaissance architecture....
  
  
• Gothic Revival architecture
  Gothic Revival architecture
  The Gothic Revival is an architectural movement that began in the 1740s in England...
  
   1760s–1840s
• Greek Revival architecture
  Greek Revival architecture
  The Greek Revival was an architectural movement of the late 18th and early 19th centuries, predominantly in Northern Europe and the United States. A product of Hellenism, it may be looked upon as the last phase in the development of Neoclassical architecture...
  
  
• Green building
  Green building
  Green building refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition...
  
   2000 ->
• Heliopolis style
  Heliopolis style
  Heliopolis style is an early 20th century architectural style developed in the new suburb of Heliopolis in eastern Cairo, Egypt. The Belgian Cairo Electric Railways and Heliopolis Oases Company, responsible for planning and developing the new suburb, created the new style to implement an exclusive...
  
   1905–c. 1935 Egypt
• Indian architecture
  Indian architecture
  The architecture of India is rooted in its history, culture and religion. Indian architecture progressed with time and assimilated the many influences that came as a result of India's global discourse with other regions of the world throughout its millennia-old past...
  
   India
• Interactive architecture
  Interactive architecture
  Interactive Architecture signifies a field of architecture in which objects and space have the ability to meet changing needs with respect to evolving individual, social, and environmental demands...
  
   2000–present
• International style
  International style (architecture)
  The International style is a major architectural style that emerged in the 1920s and 1930s, the formative decades of Modern architecture. The term originated from the name of a book by Henry-Russell Hitchcock and Philip Johnson, The International Style...
  
   1930–present
• Isabelline Gothic
  Isabelline Gothic
  Isabelline Gothic , is a style of the Crown of Castile during the reign of the Catholic Monarchs, who represents the transition between late Gothic and early Renaissance, with original features and decorative influences of Mudéjar art, Flanders and in a lesser extent, Italy.The Isabelline style...
  
   1474-1505 (reign) Spain
• Islamic Architecture
  Islamic architecture
  Islamic architecture encompasses a wide range of both secular and religious styles from the foundation of Islam to the present day, influencing the design and construction of buildings and structures in Islamic culture....
  
   691-present
• Italianate architecture
  Italianate architecture
  The Italianate style of architecture was a distinct 19th-century phase in the history of Classical architecture. In the Italianate style, the models and architectural vocabulary of 16th-century Italian Renaissance architecture, which had served as inspiration for both Palladianism and...
  
   1802
• Jacobean architecture
  Jacobean architecture
  The Jacobean style is the second phase of Renaissance architecture in England, following the Elizabethan style. It is named after King James I of England, with whose reign it is associated.-Characteristics:...
  
   1580-1660
• Jacobethan
  Jacobethan
  Jacobethan is the style designation coined in 1933 by John Betjeman to describe the mixed national Renaissance revival style that was made popular in England from the late 1820s, which derived most of its inspiration and its repertory from the English Renaissance , with elements of Elizabethan and...
  
   1838

• Jeffersonian architecture
  Jeffersonian architecture
  Jeffersonian Architecture is an American form of Neo-Classicism or Neo-Palladianism embodied in American president and polymath Thomas Jefferson's designs for his home , his retreat , his school , and his designs for the homes of friends and political allies...
  
   1790s-1830s Virginia, U.S.
• Jengki style
  Jengki style
  Jengki was an eccentric architectural style developed in the 1950s in Indonesia, after it became an independent state.The style reflected the novel influence of the United States on Indonesian architecture after hundreds years of the Dutch colonial rule...
  
   1950s Indonesia
• Jugendstil c. 1885–1910 German term for Art Nouveau
  Art Nouveau
  Art Nouveau is an international philosophy and style of art, architecture and applied art—especially the decorative arts—that were most popular during 1890–1910. The name "Art Nouveau" is French for "new art"...
  
  
• Manueline
  Manueline
  The Manueline, or Portuguese late Gothic, is the sumptuous, composite Portuguese style of architectural ornamentation of the first decades of the 16th century, incorporating maritime elements and representations of the discoveries brought from the voyages of Vasco da Gama and Pedro Álvares Cabral...
  
   1495-1521 (reign) Portugal & colonies
• Mediterranean Revival Style 1890s–present; U.S., Latin America, Europe
• Memphis Group
  Memphis Group
  The Memphis Group was an Italian design and architecture group started by Ettore Sottsass that designed Post Modern furniture, fabrics, ceramics, glass and metal objects from 1981-1987.-Origins:...
  
   1981-1988
• Merovingian architecture
  Merovingian art and architecture
  Merovingian art and architecture is the art and architecture of the Merovingian dynasty of the Franks, which lasted from the 5th century to the 8th century in present day France, Benelux and a part of Germany....
  
   5th century-8th century France and Germany
• Metabolist Movement
  Metabolist Movement
  In the late 1950s a small group of young Japanese architects and designers joined forces under the title of "Metabolism". Their visions for cities of the future inhabited by a mass society were characterized by large scale, flexible, and expandable structures that evoked the processes of organic...
  
   1959 Japan
• Mid-century modern
  Mid-century modern
  Mid-Century modern is an architectural, interior and product design form that generally describes mid-20th century developments in modern design, architecture, and urban development from roughly 1933 to 1965...
  
   1950s-60s California, U.S., Latin America
• Mission Revival Style architecture
  Mission Revival Style architecture
  The Mission Revival Style was an architectural movement that began in the late 19th century for a colonial style's revivalism and reinterpretation, which drew inspiration from the late 18th and early 19th century Spanish missions in California....
  
   1894-1936; California, U.S.
• Modern movement 1927–1960s
• Modernisme
  Modernisme
  Modernisme was a cultural movement associated with the search for Catalan national identity. It is often understood as an equivalent to a number of fin-de-siècle art movements, such as Art Nouveau, Jugendstil, Secessionism, and Liberty style, and was active from roughly 1888 to 1911 Modernisme ...
  
  1888-1911 Catalonian Art Nouveau
• National Park Service Rustic
  National Park Service Rustic
  National Park Service rustic, also colloquially known as Parkitecture, is a style of architecture that arose in the United States National Park System to create buildings that harmonized with their natural environment. Since its founding, the National Park Service consistently has sought to provide...
  
   1872–present USA
• Natural building
  Natural building
  A natural building involves a range of building systems and materials that place major emphasis on sustainability. Ways of achieving sustainability through natural building focus on durability and the use of minimally processed, plentiful or renewable resources, as well as those that, while...
  
   2000 ->
• Nazi architecture
  Nazi architecture
  Nazi architecture was an architectural plan which played a role in the Nazi party's plans to create a cultural and spiritual rebirth in Germany as part of the Third Reich....
  
   1933-1944 Germany
• Neo-Byzantine architecture
  Neo-Byzantine architecture
  The Byzantine Revival was an architectural revival movement, most frequently seen in religious, institutional and public buildings. It emerged in 1840s in Western Europe and peaked in the last quarter of 19th century in the Russian Empire; an isolated Neo-Byzantine school was active in Yugoslavia...
  
   1882–1920s American
• Neoclassical architecture
  Neoclassical architecture
  Neoclassical architecture was an architectural style produced by the neoclassical movement that began in the mid-18th century, manifested both in its details as a reaction against the Rococo style of naturalistic ornament, and in its architectural formulas as an outgrowth of some classicizing...
  
  
• Neo-Grec
  Neo-Grec
  Neo-Grec is a term referring to late manifestations of Neoclassicism, early Neo-Renaissance now called the Greek Revival style, which was popularized in architecture, the decorative arts, and in painting during France's Second Empire, or the reign of Napoleon III, a period that lasted...
  
   1848 and 1865
• Neo-gothic architecture
• Neolithic architecture
  Neolithic architecture
  Neolithic architecture is the architecture of the Neolithic period. In Southwest Asia, Neolithic cultures appear soon after 10000 BC, initially in the Levant and from there spread eastwards and westwards...
  
   10,000 -3000 BC
• Neo-Manueline
  Neo-Manueline
  Neo-Manueline was a revival architecture and decorative arts style developed in Portugal between the middle of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century...
  
   1840s-1910s AD Portugal & Brazil
• New town
  New town
  A new town is a specific type of a planned community, or planned city, that was carefully planned from its inception and is typically constructed in a previously undeveloped area. This contrasts with settlements that evolve in a more ad hoc fashion. Land use conflicts are uncommon in new...
  
  s 1946-1968 United Kingdom
• Norman architecture
  Norman architecture
  About|Romanesque architecture, primarily English|other buildings in Normandy|Architecture of Normandy.File:Durham Cathedral. Nave by James Valentine c.1890.jpg|thumb|200px|The nave of Durham Cathedral demonstrates the characteristic round arched style, though use of shallow pointed arches above the...
  
   1074-1250
• Ottonian architecture
  Ottonian architecture
  Ottonian Architecture is an architectural style which evolved during the reign of Emperor Otto the Great . The style was found in Germany and lasted from the mid 10th century until the mid 11th century....
  
   950s-1050s Germany
• Palladian architecture
  Palladian architecture
  Palladian architecture is a European style of architecture derived from the designs of the Venetian architect Andrea Palladio . The term "Palladian" normally refers to buildings in a style inspired by Palladio's own work; that which is recognised as Palladian architecture today is an evolution of...
  
   1616–1680 (Jones)
• Perpendicular Period c. 1350–c. 1550
• Ponce Creole
  Ponce Creole
  Ponce Creole is an architectural style created in Ponce, Puerto Rico in the late 18th and early 19th century. This style of Puerto Rican buildings is found predominantly in residential homes in Ponce that developed between 1895 and 1920...
  
   1895-1920 Ponce, Puerto Rico
  Ponce, Puerto Rico
  Ponce is both a city and a municipality in the southern part of Puerto Rico. The city is the seat of the municipal government.The city of Ponce, the fourth most populated in Puerto Rico, and the most populated outside of the San Juan metropolitan area, is named for Juan Ponce de León y Loayza, the...
  
  
• Pombaline style
  Pombaline style
  The Pombaline style was a Portuguese architectural style of the 18th century, named after Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, the first Marquês de Pombal who was instrumental in reconstructing Lisbon after the earthquake of 1755. Pombal supervised the plans drawn up by the military engineers Manuel...
  
   1755 earthquake-c. 1860 Portugal
• Postmodern architecture
  Postmodern architecture
  Postmodern architecture began as an international style the first examples of which are generally cited as being from the 1950s, but did not become a movement until the late 1970s and continues to influence present-day architecture...
  
   1980s
• Polish Cathedral Style
  Polish Cathedral style
  The Polish Cathedral architectural style is a North American genre of Catholic church architecture found throughout the Great Lakes and Middle Atlantic regions as well as in parts of New England...
  
   1870-1930
• Polite architecture
  Polite architecture
  Polite architecture, or "the Polite" refers to buildings designed to include the artifice of non-local styles for decorative effect by professional architects. The term can be used to describe any number of non-vernacular architectural styles...
  
  
• Prairie Style 1900–1917 USA
• Pueblo
  Pueblo
  Pueblo is a term used to describe modern communities of Native Americans in the Southwestern United States of America. The first Spanish explorers of the Southwest used this term to describe the communities housed in apartment-like structures built of stone, adobe mud, and other local material...
  
   style 1898-1990s
• Queen Anne Style architecture
  Queen Anne Style architecture
  The Queen Anne Style in Britain means either the English Baroque architectural style roughly of the reign of Queen Anne , or a revived form that was popular in the last quarter of the 19th century and the early decades of the 20th century...
  
   1870–1910s UK & USA
• Queenslander
  Queenslander (architecture)
  Queenslander architecture is a modern term for the vernacular type of architecture of Queensland, Australia. It is also found in the northern parts of the adjacent state of New South Wales and shares many traits with architecture in other states of Australia but is distinct and unique...
  
   1840s–1960s
• Ranch-style
  Ranch-style house
  Ranch-style houses is a domestic architectural style originating in the United States. First built in the 1920s, the ranch style was extremely popular amongst the booming post-war middle class of the 1940s to 1970s...
  
   1940s-1970s USA
• Repoblación architecture
  Repoblación art and architecture
  The designation Art and Architecture of the Repoblación has been applied in recent years to the works, predominantly architectural, carried out in the Christian kingdoms of northern Spain between the end of the 9th and beginning of the 11th centuries...
  
   880s-11th century Spain
• Regency architecture
  Regency architecture
  The Regency style of architecture refers primarily to buildings built in Britain during the period in the early 19th century when George IV was Prince Regent, and also to later buildings following the same style...
  
  
• Richardsonian Romanesque
  Richardsonian Romanesque
  Richardsonian Romanesque is a style of Romanesque Revival architecture named after architect Henry Hobson Richardson, whose masterpiece is Trinity Church, Boston , designated a National Historic Landmark...
  
   1880s USA
• Rococo
  Rococo
  Rococo , also referred to as "Late Baroque", is an 18th-century style which developed as Baroque artists gave up their symmetry and became increasingly ornate, florid, and playful...
  
  
• Roman architecture
  Roman architecture
  Ancient Roman architecture adopted certain aspects of Ancient Greek architecture, creating a new architectural style. The Romans were indebted to their Etruscan neighbors and forefathers who supplied them with a wealth of knowledge essential for future architectural solutions, such as hydraulics...
  
   753 BC–663 AD
• Romanesque architecture
  Romanesque architecture
  Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
  
   1050-1100
• Romanesque Revival architecture
  Romanesque Revival architecture
  Romanesque Revival is a style of building employed beginning in the mid 19th century inspired by the 11th and 12th century Romanesque architecture...
  
   1840–1900 USA
• Russian architecture
  Russian architecture
  Russian architecture follows a tradition whose roots were established in the Eastern Slavic state of Kievan Rus'. After the fall of Kiev, Russian architectural history continued in the principalities of Vladimir-Suzdal, Novgorod, the succeeding states of the Tsardom of Russia, the Russian Empire,...
  
   989-18th century
• Russian Revival
  Russian Revival
  The Russian Revival style is the generic term for a number of different movements within Russian architecture that arose in second quarter of the 19th century and was an eclectic melding of pre-Peterine Russian architecture and elements of Byzantine architecture.The Russian Revival style arose...
  
   1826-1917, 1990s-present
• San Francisco architecture
  San Francisco architecture
  San Francisco architecture does not refer to a particular architectural style but to San Francisco's unique status as a major architectural landmark and epicenter...
  
  
• Second Empire 1865 and 1880
• Shingle Style 1879-1905 New England
• Sicilian Baroque
  Sicilian Baroque
  Sicilian Baroque is the distinctive form of Baroque architecture that took hold on the island of Sicily, off the southern coast of Italy, in the 17th and 18th centuries...
  
   1693 earthquake–c. 1745
• Spanish Colonial Revival style
  Spanish Colonial Revival Style architecture
  The Spanish Colonial Revival Style was a United States architectural stylistic movement that came about in the early 20th century, starting in California and Florida as a regional expression related to history, environment, and nostalgia...
  
   1915–present; California, Hawaii, Florida, Southwest U.S.
• Spanish Colonial style 1520s–c. 1820s; New World, East Indies, other colonies
• c. 1900–present; California, Florida, U.S., Latin America, Spain.
• Stalinist architecture
  Stalinist architecture
  Stalinist architecture , also referred to as Stalinist Gothic, or Socialist Classicism, is a term given to architecture of the Soviet Union between 1933, when Boris Iofan's draft for Palace of the Soviets was officially approved, and 1955, when Nikita Khrushchev condemned "excesses" of the past...
  
   1933–1955 USSR
• Structural Expressionism 1980s-present
• Swiss chalet style
  Swiss chalet style
  Swiss chalet style is an architectural style inspired by the chalets of Switzerland. The style originated in Germany in the early 19th century and was popular in parts of Europe and North America, notably in the architecture of Norway, the country house architecture of Sweden, Cincinnati, Ohio,...
  
   1840s-1920s, Scandinavia and Germany
• Stick Style 1860-1890s
• Sustainable architecture
  Sustainable architecture
  Sustainable architecture is a general term that describes environmentally conscious design techniques in the field of architecture. Sustainable architecture is framed by the larger discussion of sustainability and the pressing economic and political issues of our world...
  
   2000 ->
• Soft Portuguese style
  Soft Portuguese style
  The Soft Portuguese style is an architectural model used in public and private buildings in Portugal, essentially during the 1940s and the early 1950s...
  
   1940-1955 Portugal & colonies
• Streamline Moderne
  Streamline Moderne
  Streamline Moderne, sometimes referred to by either name alone or as Art Moderne, was a late type of the Art Deco design style which emerged during the 1930s...
  
   1930–1937
• Structuralism
  Structuralism (architecture)
  Structuralism as a movement in architecture and urban planning evolved around the middle of the 20th century. It was a reaction to CIAM-Functionalism , which had led to a lifeless expression of urban planning that ignored the identity of the inhabitants and urban forms.Two different manifestations...
  
   1950-1975
• Sumerian architecture 5300–2000 BC
• Tidewater architecture
  Tidewater architecture
  Tidewater architecture is a style of architecture found mostly in coastal areas of the Southern United States. These homes, with large wraparound porches and hip roofs, were designed for wet, hot climates....
  
   19th century
• Tudor style architecture
  Tudor style architecture
  The Tudor architectural style is the final development of medieval architecture during the Tudor period and even beyond, for conservative college patrons...
  
   1485–1603
• Tudorbethan architecture
  Tudorbethan architecture
  The Tudor Revival architecture of the 20th century , first manifested itself in domestic architecture beginning in the United Kingdom in the mid to late 19th century based on a revival of aspects of Tudor style. It later became an influence in some other countries, especially the British colonies...
  
   1835–1885
• Ukrainian Baroque
  Ukrainian Baroque
  Ukrainian Baroque or Cossack Baroque is an architectural style that emerged in Ukraine during the Hetmanate era, in the 17th and 18th centuries....
  
   late 1600-19th century
• Usonian 1936–1940s USA
• Victorian architecture
  Victorian architecture
  The term Victorian architecture refers collectively to several architectural styles employed predominantly during the middle and late 19th century. The period that it indicates may slightly overlap the actual reign, 20 June 1837 – 22 January 1901, of Queen Victoria. This represents the British and...
  
   1837 and 1901 UK
• Vienna Secession
  Vienna Secession
  The Vienna Secession was formed in 1897 by a group of Austrian artists who had resigned from the Association of Austrian Artists, housed in the Vienna Künstlerhaus. This movement included painters, sculptors, and architects...
  
   1897-c. 1905 Austrian Art Nouveau

See also

• Architectural style (National Register of Historic Places)
  Architectural style (National Register of Historic Places)
  In the United States, the National Register of Historic Places classifies its listings by various types of architecture. Listed properties often are given one or more of 40 standard architectural style classifications that appear in the National Register Information System database...
  
  
• Architectural design values
  Architectural design values
  Architectural design values make up an important part of what influences an architect and designer when they make their design decisions. However, architects and designers are not always influenced by the same values and intentions. Value and intentions differ between different architectural...
  
  
• Feminism and modern architecture
  Feminism and modern architecture
  Feminist theory as it relates to architecture has forged the way for the rediscovery of such female architects as Truus Schröder-Schräder and Eileen Gray. These women imagined an architecture that challenged the way the traditional family would live. They practiced architecture with what they...
  
  
• List of house styles
• Religious architecture
  Religious architecture
  Sacred architecture is a religious architectural practice concerned with the design and construction of places of worship and/or sacred or intentional space, such as churches, mosques, stupas, synagogues, and temples...
  
  
  • Cathedral architecture
  • Synagogue architecture
    Synagogue architecture
    Synagogue architecture often follows styles in vogue at the place and time of construction. There is no set blueprint for synagogues and the architectural shapes and interior designs of synagogues vary greatly. According to tradition, the Divine Presence can be found wherever there is a minyan,...
    
    
• Timeline of architecture
  Timeline of architecture
  This is a timeline of architecture, indexing the individual year in architecture pages. Notable events in architecture and related disciplines including structural engineering, landscape architecture and city planning...
  
  
• Timeline of architectural styles
  Timeline of architectural styles
  This timeline shows the periods of various styles of architecture in a graphical fashion.-1000AD—present :*1000 years - The last 250 years is expanded in the timeline above...
  
  

Further reading

• Hamlin Alfred Dwight Foster, History of Architectural Styles, BiblioBazaar, 2009
• Carson Dunlop, Architectural Styles, Dearborn Real Estate, 2003

External links

• Victoria & Albert Museum Microsite on Introduction to Styles