Culture of Saskatchewan
Encyclopedia
Culture of Saskatchewan views the patterns of human activity in the central prairie province
of Canada
examing the way people live in the geography
, climate, and social context of Saskatchewan
. Cultural activities involve technology
, science
, as well as moral systems and the characteristic behaviours
and habits
. Culture is the summation of how Saskatchewan has cultivated or tilled the soil of knowledge, improvements, and neighbourly courtesies. The choices people make in the way they live reflect their values and norms. Saskatchewan institutions and artifacts record historical cultural patterns and beliefs. Provincial cultural studies
combines political economy
, communication
, sociology
, social theory
, literary theory
, media theory
, film/video studies
, cultural anthropology
, philosophy
, museum studies and art history
/criticism
to study cultural phenomena in Saskatchewan. Cultural studies researchers often concentrate on how a particular phenomenon relates to matters of ideology
, nationality
, ethnicity, social class
, and/or gender
. The culture of Saskatchewan seeks to understand the cultural identity
within the various regions of Saskatchewan. What makes an individual of Saskatchewan have the (feeling of) identity
within the provincial culture, or how the aspect of an individual
is influenced by belonging to Saskatchewan and its activities. Culture does not remain stagnant, it evolves. Culture changes with advances and changes in public opinion, technology, geopolitics, and science.
A person identified with Canada is a Canadian, and with the province of Alberta
an Albertan. However a native resident of Saskatchewan could be called Saskatchewanian, or Saskatchewanite.
According to Abraham Maslow
and his hierarchy of needs
, basic needs must be satisfied in order to progress on to creativity and the need to create and/or experience beauty, balance, and structure. Prehistoric man spent a great deal of time searching and hunting for food to satisfy the basic primitive need. First nations
and fur trade
rs adopted a transhumance
and hunting and gathering
lifestyle to fulfill their economic and sustenance needs. Early homesteaders and settlers in the 19th century and early 20th century likewise spent the majority of their time proving up their homesteads, tilling the land and providing subsistence
agricultural products for their families. The early 20th century developed successful agricultural practices, and society rejoiced in the roaring twenties
. The depression and drought years of the dirty thirties
took agricultural sustenance away. The Industrial Revolution
which came with the Second World War
developed some mechanized improvements in both travelling and agricultural labour saving devices. Electricity became established throughout the various Saskatchewan regions. The economy saw a growth not only in the agricultural sector, but labour was freed up to also pursue choices other than agriculture. A major breakthrough was seen in the arts and culture scene in Saskatchewan from the 1940s onward. Arts and cultural activities before this date were of the main on a family, individual and unpaid level. Local schools would host plays, family or tribal members would engage in handcrafts of various sorts which may become heirlooms, communities would come together for engagement in various sports activities for recreation. The Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences
prepared the Massey Report in the early 1950s. This commission noted the strengths and weakness of the cultural community and led to the establishment of the Canada Council which promoted burgeoning talent. The Saskatchewan government also showed support on a cultural level, with the creation of the Arts Board, and promotion of the Golden Jubilee celebrations hosted in 1955.
There are numerous heritage and cultural attractions in the province of Saskatchewan. Museums, dinosaur digs, aboriginal cultural and heritage sites, art galleries, professional sport venues, spas, handcraft, antique and tea shops, agricultural tours, live theatres and archaeological site
s comprise over 600 varied Saskatchewan . Saskatchewan is home to two prominent spas, in Moose Jaw and Watrous
, ten Provincial historical parks and seven main National historical sites.
The preservation of past and current cultural conditions in visual record forms the exhibit of museums and art galleries. Along with the Saskatchewan Western Development Museum
s, there are over 200 local pioneer heritage museums. Travelling exhibits help to supplement the permanent groupings of each institution. The Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History
officially opened in Regina in the spring of 1955.
See also
s, or groups of people with distinct sets of behaviour and beliefs that differentiate them from a larger culture of which they are a part. Western culture
is the cultures of the people of European origin and their descendants which comprises the set of literary
, scientific
, musical, and philosophical
principles. The Saskatchewan lifestyle and culture was inter-related with and depended on the ethnic bloc settlement, geo-physical area and rural or urban community. Saskatchewan culture has historically been heavily influenced by English
, French
, Irish
, Scottish
and Aboriginal
cultures and traditions, and over time has been greatly influenced by American culture
due to its proximity and the interchange of human capital
.
| Jingle dress
Clovis culture
and prehistoric Primitive culture
is depicted in archaeological findings. The nomadic hunter-gatherer
lifestyle of the first nation developed leather working as a necessity for clothing. Trading fur for beads developed a new handcraft of beadwork and weaving. The first nations of Saskatchewan are still renowned for their Pow-wow
dance, drumming and music.
Clifford Sifton
established colonial offices in Europe and the United States
to encourage immigration from Britain
and the United States, and by Ukrainians
, Doukhobors, and other groups from the Austrian Empire
to populate the Canadian West
. Between 1891 and 1914 was the largest influx of immigration to the North West Territories
and the province of Saskatchewan. The French Métis in Duck Lake and St. Louis of 1870, Qu'Appelle Farming colony and Bell Farm of 1880, Cannington Manor of 1882, East London Artisans Colony of 1884, The New Elsass German block colony of 1885, New Stockholm Swedish colony of 1885, Rosthern Mennonite Colony of 1893, Montmarte/Grenfell Galician settlement of 1896, and the Good Spirit Lake Doukhobor Annex (Devils Lake colony) of 1899 are just a few of the earliest ethnic bloc settlements established in the 19th century in the early North West Territories
. Ethnic block settlements of this early time concentrated on developing their agricultural methods, and then establishing churches and schooling. Religion and education was based on what they knew from their home country. World War I
showed that there was a need for a common identity and language in Canada
and the west. Schools established a provincial curriculum and standard language. The cultural identity shifted from the homeland to creating a new society and culture with a single unifying language to aid economics and social growth. World War II
again emphasized a need for an identity which was truly and uniquely Canadian, which was also a desired norm in Saskatchewan.
Northern Saskatchewan is home to the Dene and archaeological findings such as The Aboriginal Rock Paintings of the Churchill River
, Petroglyphs as well as history of early trading post
s such as Stanley Mission. The Palliser Expedition
described an arid geographic region unfit for human habitation known as the Palliser's Triangle
. The first capital of the North West Territories
moved from Fort Pitt to Battleford, Saskatchewan Provisional District
(1876–1883). Near the northern tree line, and the main economic industry of fur trapping were the fastest growing trading posts and early settlements such as Prince Albert
. The first survey for the transcontinental railway was between Winnipeg and Edmonton through the settled areas of Battleford and Prince Albert
.
In southern Saskatchewan the land was suitable for early ranching and cattle grazing enterprises. Ranchers replaced grazing buffalo herds with large spreads and community pastures. Sparse population dotted the southern landscape in the 19th century. Among the first nations, the 49th parallel north
was nicknamed the Medicine Line because of its seemingly magical ability to prevent U.S. soldiers from crossing it. The Big Muddy Badlands have a reputation for outlaw history, and hide out caves. The Canadian Pacific Railway
(CPR) Soo Line Railroad
arrived in Moose Jaw in 1882 from Chicago, giving Moose Jaw the moniker of Little Chicago. Gangsters such as Al Capone
used the tunnels of Moose Jaw for bootlegging in the prohibition years 1917–1924. Chinese immigrants used the tunnels as hideaways and homes during an era of Anti-Chinese sentiments. The rise of the Cypress Hills massacre
, bootlegging activities, outlaws and gangsters outrunning the United States law gave rise to new fort outposts such as Fort Walsh, and Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP) barracks, the history of which is recounted at the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Centennial Museum
The July 8, 1874 March West brought law and order to the southern area of Saskatchewan. The Dominion government
and Canadian Pacific Railway
now examined the report given by John Macoun
, botanist to the 1872 Sanford Fleming
railway route expedition. Settlement could be established under the safety of the RCMP and this new promise of agricultural colonization, so constructing a southern transcontinental railway helped maintain the Canadian identity
near the 49th parallel north
which was under encroachment by the American expansionists.
Central Saskatchewan recounts the history of the various battles of the North-West Rebellion
at Batoche and Fort Carlton
. Regina attained national prominence in 1885 during the North-West Rebellion despite the fact that the Canadian Pacific Railway
had still only reached the formerly designated territorial headquarters of Troy (Qu'Appelle
) some thirty miles to the east. As the railways arrived, so too immigrants arrived in greater quantities than via Red River Cart
via trail and ferry. Ethnic bloc settlements, and communities situated on the rail line grew quickly. Immigrants settled near others who they could communicate with, so those of like languages settled together for neighborly homestead improvements, harvesting co-operation and, economic necessity.
Primary industries were agriculture in the rural south and central region, fishing and forestry in the rural northern region. The Dominion Land Act of 1872 offered pioneers an opportunity to prove up a quarter section of land (one hundred and sixty acres (a quarter square mile, 65 hectare
s).) in Western Canada for a $10.00 filing fee. The improvements needed to acquire the land were labour intensive, and settlers farmed in family groups or ethnic bloc settlements of the same language to assist one another. Early homesteaders grew mainly subsistence crops which would feed their own family and livestock. Pioneer activities supported harvest work groups, recreational sports, pioneer farm exhibitions, rodeos and community dances to provide support and social interaction for isolated neighbors who lived a quarter mile apart from each other. The industrial revolution
modernized the farming industry as mechanized vehicles replaced the long hours of oxen ploughed land or the horse drawn cart. Farms became much larger, and mechanized evolving towards industrial agriculture
.
became the first city of Saskatchewan in 1903. Pile O'Bones, renamed Regina
in 1882, was declared the Territorial Capital in 1883, became a city in 1903, and the capital of Saskatchewan in 1906. Prince Albert
attained city status next in 1904. The Barr colonists arrived in Saskatoon
in 1883, the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway (QLLR) in 1890, and Saskatoon attained city status in 1906, and is presently the province's largest city.
The urban centres brought a mix of ethnic and religious settlers, and those who weren't agricultural homesteaders but who brought with themselves a trade or professional calling. Regina developed around the newly formed legislature and North-West Mounted Police Barracks. Saskatoon developed around the arrival of the three major rail lines becoming the central hub city for supplies both to Alberta
{west} and Manitoba
{east} but also to industry north and south. Primary industries were agriculture in the rural south and central region, fishing and forestry in the rural northern region, and mining of various capacities throughout the province depending upon resources available at each site. The depression and drought years of the dirty thirties brought folks beset by agricultural hardships to the cities for a dire hope of employment. Secondary 'make work' industries were on the rise such as manufacturing and construction. Many hotels and bridges were built by this large supply of labour in this time. With the advent of the industrial revolution, after World War II
, agricultural output went up with a decrease of labour methods. The supply of workers increased for tertiary employment sector such as transportation, trade, finance and services which were mainly based in urban centres.
The notable architectural achievements have been preserved as historic and heritage sites. The architecture varies from Anglican Gothic Revival mission churches, Romanesque Revival post offices, Château style rail stations and hotels, Byzantine-style basilica Ukrainian Catholic
Cathedrals.
on Reconstruction and Re-establishment in a post-war dominion sought to provide arts which were
see also Saskatchewan Film and Video Classification Board
Television is a widely used telecommunication
system for broadcasting
and receiving moving picture
s and sound
over a distance. By the mid 1950s, there were just over 150 radio broadcast stations operating nationwide across Canada, Canada first received television broadcasts in 1952 at Montreal
and Toronto
. There are currently nine separate television stations in Saskatchewan.
Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry
. $7.80 admission fees, and 16 motion pictures (mainly made in the United States
were viewed by the average Canadian in 1954.
Saskatchewan residents thereafter developed their own films and the Saskatchewan Film Development Corporation a production unit of the National Film Board Canada, Saskatchewan Production Studios, as well as the Yorkton Short Film and Video Festival. The Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios located in Regina that has been used for the production of both movies and television programs.
Film and television productions done at the Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios include:
concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience. The earliest drama selections were of the Christmas school pageants which early one room school house
teachers would assemble and present with the assistance of student and parent. The "Socialisti", "Red Devils/Ghosts", "West Country", or the "Coteau Hills Finnish Socialist Society" settled around 1923 in the Steeldale district of Saskatchewan. They would gather in halls and produce local plays.
Several early Saskatchewan communities including Wolseley
and Hanley
would construct Opera house
s to encourage drama production in the early 20th century. The Dominion Drama Festival which showcased a national competition amongst Canadian amateur theatre groups was held in Regina in the mid 1950s.
Thereafter the Regina Little Theatre and Theatre Saskatchewan formed. Theatre and Saskatoon are synonymous with names such as Henry Woolf
actor and artistic director and Bob Hinnitt drama organizer of Castle Theatre Aden Bowman Collegiate
. The Persephone Theatre
, 25th Street Theatre, Shakespeare on the Saskatchewan, and the Globe Theatre produce professional theatrical shows for the Saskatchewan community today.
The visual arts are art forms that focus on the creation of works which are primarily visual in nature, such as painting
, photography
, printmaking
, and filmmaking
. Those that involve three-dimensional objects, such as sculpture
and architecture
, are called plastic arts. Early explorers and adventurers were enticed to the North West Territories
by paintings by Paul Kane
who depicted a romantic west of adventure. As early as the 1955 summer season, the Regina College Summer School
at Emma Lake
reached national prominence. Augustus Kenderdine
, Inglis Sheldon-Williams, Illingworth Kerr, James Henderson, Ernest Lindner
Jan Wyers, Dorothy Knowles and William Perehudoff are all well known and acclaimed Saskatchewan artists. Kenneth Lochhead
, Arthur McKay, Ronald Bloore
, Douglas Morton and Ted Godwin
became known as the "Regina Five". Joe Fafard
, Jack Sures, and Vic Cicansky make ceramics and sculpture their visual art form media. Painters Bob Boyer and David Thauberger, as well as sculptor Bill Epp and the brothers Huang Zhongyang and Huang Zhongru are noteworthy as well.
MacKenzie Art Gallery Regina
and Mendel Art Gallery
Saskatoon
are two of the main centres showcasing visual arts for Saskatchewan
residents.
Literature identifies a collection of text
s or works of art, which in Western culture are mainly prose
, both fiction and non-fiction, drama and poetry. The Saskatchewan Writers Guild, Saskatchewan Playwrights Centre, Thunder Creek Publishing Co-operative formed to support and promote Saskatchewan literary talent.
James Sinclair Ross, W.O. Mitchell, Lorna Crozier
, Anne Szumigalski
, Candace Savage
and Robert Kroetsch
, are Saskatchewan's literary artists.
Rev. Charles Gordon (nom de plume, Ralph Connor
), Robert Stead, Frederick Philip Grove, Wallace Stegner
, R.D. (Bob) Symons, Edward McCourt, Lorna Crozier
, Bonnie Burnard
, David Carpenter, Don Kerr
, Byrna Barclay, Glen Sorestad, Gertrude Story, Maria Campbell
, Sharon Butala
, Guy Vanderhaege, Brenda Baker, Art Slade, Dave Margoshes, and Chris Fisher have also contributed to the Saskatchewan literary scene. Some Saskatchewan poets include Eli Mandel
, Andrew Suknaski, and John Hicks. Famous Saskatchewan novelists would be Ken Mitchell, Gary Hyland, Robert Currie, Geoffrey Ursell and Barbara Sapergia to mention a few.
Tim Lilburn is a Regina poet who has won the Governor General's Literary Award for his novel Kill-site. He was joined by Allen Sapp
, painter from the Red Pheasant Reserve who also includes Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
and an Officer of the Order of Canada awards. Robert Calder (Saskatoon), Willie: The Life of W. Somerset Maugham, Maggie Siggins (Regina), Revenge of the Land, Anne Szumigalski (Saskatoon Voice), and Guy Vanderhaeghe
(Saskatoon), Man Descending and again were all honoured for literary recognition by Premier Roy Romanow
during the 1997 Governor General's literary awards ceremonies. There have been other Saskatchewan artists who have been honoured with the Governor General's Literary Awards such as Lorna Crozier (Swift Current), Inventing the Hawk, John Newlove
(Regina), The Cave and Lies, Fred Wah
(born in Swift Current), Waiting for Saskatchewan, Diana Wieler (Saskatoon), Bad Boy, and Rudy Wiebe, The Temptation of Big Bear and A Discovery of Strangers.
Nicholas Flood Davin
founded the Regina Leader
in Assiniboia Provisional District
North West Territories
as early as 1883. Other North West Territories pre-provincial newspapers (pre-1905) were the Moose Jaw Times, North West Territories Gazette, Prince Albert Times, Qu'Appelle Progress, Qu'Appelle Vidette, Saskatoon Sentinel and Saskatoon Phenix.
or performance setting. The first nation of Saskatchewan are still renowned for their Pow-wow
dance, drumming and music. Early pioneer immigrants would enjoy local barn dances with local musical talent who played Old-time music
and folks enjoyed square dances, polkas, waltzes and ethnic dances.
Saskatchewan Dance Theatre in Saskatoon and Regina Modern Dance
Works in Regina are a few of current Saskatchewan dance forms and schools.
| Music of Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan encompasses formal musical styles such as the Regina Symphony Orchestra
, Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra
, South Saskatchewan Youth Orchestra, Saskatoon Youth Orchestra
and the Saskatchewan Music Festival Association. There are also local talented musicians who have become professional on the international stage. A very few of these would be: Joni Mitchell
, Humphrey and the Dumptrucks of Saskatoon, Buffy Sainte-Marie
, Connie Kaldor
, Don Freed
, Colin James
, Jack Semple
, Brad Johner
and the band of Jason Plumb
and the Willing. Brenda Baker is an award-winning Saskatchewan
songwriter, performer as well as author.
see also Mosaic | KōnaFest | Craven Country Jamboree | Regina Folk Festival | Regina Dragon Boat Festival
Festivals are times of celebration that offer a sense of belonging for religious, social, or geographical groups. Modern festivals focus on cultural or ethnic topics which seek to inform others of their traditions.
Chautauqua movement
was an early pioneer traveling "tent show" of arts and entertainment Agricultural show
s are public events showcasing the equipment, animals, sports and recreation associated with the occupations of agriculture and animal husbandry
. The largest of these comprise a Livestock show (a judged event or display in which breeding stock
is exhibited) a trade fair
and other competitions and entertainment which have been popular throughout the history of Saskatchewan
.
Craven Country Jamboree, The Saskatchewan Festival of Words
in Moose Jaw, Saskatoon Fringe Festival, Saskatoon Jazz Festival, Saskatoon Children's Festival, Ness Creek Music Festival, the Regina Folk Festival, the North Battleford Crafts Fair, Regina's Cathedral Village Arts Festival, Northern Saskatchewan Games and Cultural Festival (NSGCF) and the Fort Qu'Appelle Midsummer Arts Festival are just a few of the several hundreds of community festivals held at various times throughout the province.
The Regina Arts Commission is just one of the many organisations formed to support festivals and their creation.
, a specific set of cooking
traditions, preferences, and practices, the study of which is known as food science (gastronomy
). Pemmican
and bannock
are a few of the historical foods of the Cree first nation aboriginal peoples. Bannock is easy to prepare and combine with local berries, the dough can be cooked over the open fire suspended on willow stick, and tastes similar to biscuits. Early settlers survived by learning from the first nations which flora and fauna of the land were edible and how to prepare. Thereafter, the land was tilled, and agricultural practices and trading economies allowed each ethnic group to plant and cultivate the foods necessary for the recipes of their home land. Each ethnic group has brought their unique flavour and recipes to Saskatchewan and are celebrated today in Folk Festivals across the province.
granted bachelor degrees in fine arts as early as the late 1940s.
| Flag of Saskatchewan
| Symbols of Saskatchewan
Premier Douglas most notable achievement, the introduction of universal medicare legislation in 1961 to the province of Saskatchewan. In 1964, Justice Hall recommended the nationwide adoption of Saskatchewan's model of public health insurance.
| Saskatchewan Order of Merit
| Saskatchewan Arts Board
| The Greatest Canadian
| Governor General's Literary Awards
An award is given to a person or group of people of artistic or cultural merit to recognize excellence in a certain field such as the Pulitzer Prize
for literary achievements.
Saskatchewan Arts Board
formed in 1948 to develop arts and recognition of artists in the province.
see also Sports in Saskatchewan
| Sport in Saskatchewan | Soccer in Canada
|
Curling
is the official sport of Saskatchewan
, and was played here before the formation of the province in 1905. Curling ice rinks are the center of most Saskatchewan communities. The official national summer sport
is lacrosse
, which was invented by Aboriginal peoples
. Ice hockey
is official national winter sport.
Saskatchewan Roughriders
is the professional Canadian Football League
sports team. The Roughriders are the most popular sports team in the province.
The highest level of hockey in the province are the teams of the Western Hockey League
: Moose Jaw Warriors
, Prince Albert Raiders
, Regina Pats
, Saskatoon Blades
, and Swift Current Broncos
. Many world class hockey athletes have roots in Saskatchewan, such as Gordie Howe
, Bryan Trottier
, Clark Gillies
, Max Bentley
and Wendel Clark
amongst several other National Hockey League
players.
There exist a few amateur baseball teams in the Western Major Baseball League
. Soccer is currently making inroads as a fast growing sport. Saskatchewan hosts auto racing on the Saskatchewan International Raceway
drag racing course, Bridgecity Speedway in Saskatoon, and Kings' Park Speedway
of Regina, which both feature Thunderstock, and Streetstock racing. Bowling
takes several forms in Saskatchewan, including ten-pin
and lawn bowling
, and Five-pin bowling
. Golf is a widely enjoyed recreational sport across Saskatchewan and the golf courses feature cross country ski trails in the winter months.
Weyburn
hosted the 2004 Saskatchewan Summer Games and Lloydminster the 2008 Saskatchewan Summer Games. Prince Albert
hosted the 1993 North American Indigenous Games
and Saskatoon the 1971 Canada Winter Games
and 1989 Canada Summer Games. There are also university, junior, high school and recreational athletic teams and sports across Saskatchewan.
Canadian Prairies
The Canadian Prairies is a region of Canada, specifically in western Canada, which may correspond to several different definitions, natural or political. Notably, the Prairie provinces or simply the Prairies comprise the provinces of Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, as they are largely covered...
of Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
examing the way people live in the geography
Geography of Saskatchewan
The geography of Saskatchewan , is unique among the provinces and territories of Canada in some respects. It is one of only two landlocked regions and it is the only region whose borders are not based on natural features like lakes, rivers or drainage divides...
, climate, and social context of Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
. Cultural activities involve technology
Technology
Technology is the making, usage, and knowledge of tools, machines, techniques, crafts, systems or methods of organization in order to solve a problem or perform a specific function. It can also refer to the collection of such tools, machinery, and procedures. The word technology comes ;...
, science
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...
, as well as moral systems and the characteristic behaviours
Behavior
Behavior or behaviour refers to the actions and mannerisms made by organisms, systems, or artificial entities in conjunction with its environment, which includes the other systems or organisms around as well as the physical environment...
and habits
Habit (psychology)
Habits are routines of behavior that are repeated regularly and tend to occur subconsciously. Habitual behavior often goes unnoticed in persons exhibiting it, because a person does not need to engage in self-analysis when undertaking routine tasks...
. Culture is the summation of how Saskatchewan has cultivated or tilled the soil of knowledge, improvements, and neighbourly courtesies. The choices people make in the way they live reflect their values and norms. Saskatchewan institutions and artifacts record historical cultural patterns and beliefs. Provincial cultural studies
Cultural studies
Cultural studies is an academic field grounded in critical theory and literary criticism. It generally concerns the political nature of contemporary culture, as well as its historical foundations, conflicts, and defining traits. It is, to this extent, largely distinguished from cultural...
combines political economy
Political economy
Political economy originally was the term for studying production, buying, and selling, and their relations with law, custom, and government, as well as with the distribution of national income and wealth, including through the budget process. Political economy originated in moral philosophy...
, communication
Communication
Communication is the activity of conveying meaningful information. Communication requires a sender, a message, and an intended recipient, although the receiver need not be present or aware of the sender's intent to communicate at the time of communication; thus communication can occur across vast...
, sociology
Sociology
Sociology is the study of society. It is a social science—a term with which it is sometimes synonymous—which uses various methods of empirical investigation and critical analysis to develop a body of knowledge about human social activity...
, social theory
Social theory
Social theories are theoretical frameworks which are used to study and interpret social phenomena within a particular school of thought. An essential tool used by social scientists, theories relate to historical debates over the most valid and reliable methodologies , as well as the primacy of...
, literary theory
Literary theory
Literary theory in a strict sense is the systematic study of the nature of literature and of the methods for analyzing literature. However, literary scholarship since the 19th century often includes—in addition to, or even instead of literary theory in the strict sense—considerations of...
, media theory
Media influence
Media influence or media effects are used in media studies, psychology, communication theory and sociology to refer to the theories about the ways in which mass media affect how their audiences think and behave....
, film/video studies
Film theory
Film theory is an academic discipline that aims to explore the essence of the cinema and provides conceptual frameworks for understanding film's relationship to reality, the other arts, individual viewers, and society at large...
, cultural anthropology
Cultural anthropology
Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans, collecting data about the impact of global economic and political processes on local cultural realities. Anthropologists use a variety of methods, including participant observation,...
, philosophy
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
, museum studies and art history
Art history
Art history has historically been understood as the academic study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e. genre, design, format, and style...
/criticism
Art criticism
Art criticism is the discussion or evaluation of visual art.Art critics usually criticize art in the context of aesthetics or the theory of beauty...
to study cultural phenomena in Saskatchewan. Cultural studies researchers often concentrate on how a particular phenomenon relates to matters of ideology
Ideology
An ideology is a set of ideas that constitutes one's goals, expectations, and actions. An ideology can be thought of as a comprehensive vision, as a way of looking at things , as in common sense and several philosophical tendencies , or a set of ideas proposed by the dominant class of a society to...
, nationality
Nationality
Nationality is membership of a nation or sovereign state, usually determined by their citizenship, but sometimes by ethnicity or place of residence, or based on their sense of national identity....
, ethnicity, social class
Social class
Social classes are economic or cultural arrangements of groups in society. Class is an essential object of analysis for sociologists, political scientists, economists, anthropologists and social historians. In the social sciences, social class is often discussed in terms of 'social stratification'...
, and/or gender
Gender
Gender is a range of characteristics used to distinguish between males and females, particularly in the cases of men and women and the masculine and feminine attributes assigned to them. Depending on the context, the discriminating characteristics vary from sex to social role to gender identity...
. The culture of Saskatchewan seeks to understand the cultural identity
Cultural identity
Cultural identity is the identity of a group or culture, or of an individual as far as one is influenced by one's belonging to a group or culture. Cultural identity is similar to and has overlaps with, but is not synonymous with, identity politics....
within the various regions of Saskatchewan. What makes an individual of Saskatchewan have the (feeling of) identity
Identity (social science)
Identity is a term used to describe a person's conception and expression of their individuality or group affiliations . The term is used more specifically in psychology and sociology, and is given a great deal of attention in social psychology...
within the provincial culture, or how the aspect of an individual
Individual
An individual is a person or any specific object or thing in a collection. Individuality is the state or quality of being an individual; a person separate from other persons and possessing his or her own needs, goals, and desires. Being self expressive...
is influenced by belonging to Saskatchewan and its activities. Culture does not remain stagnant, it evolves. Culture changes with advances and changes in public opinion, technology, geopolitics, and science.
A person identified with Canada is a Canadian, and with the province of Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...
an Albertan. However a native resident of Saskatchewan could be called Saskatchewanian, or Saskatchewanite.
According to Abraham Maslow
Abraham Maslow
Abraham Harold Maslow was an American professor of psychology at Brandeis University, Brooklyn College, New School for Social Research and Columbia University who created Maslow's hierarchy of needs...
and his hierarchy of needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology, proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 paper A Theory of Human Motivation. Maslow subsequently extended the idea to include his observations of humans' innate curiosity...
, basic needs must be satisfied in order to progress on to creativity and the need to create and/or experience beauty, balance, and structure. Prehistoric man spent a great deal of time searching and hunting for food to satisfy the basic primitive need. First nations
First Nations
First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The...
and fur trade
Fur trade
The fur trade is a worldwide industry dealing in the acquisition and sale of animal fur. Since the establishment of world market for in the early modern period furs of boreal, polar and cold temperate mammalian animals have been the most valued...
rs adopted a transhumance
Transhumance
Transhumance is the seasonal movement of people with their livestock between fixed summer and winter pastures. In montane regions it implies movement between higher pastures in summer and to lower valleys in winter. Herders have a permanent home, typically in valleys. Only the herds travel, with...
and hunting and gathering
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forage society is one in which most or all food is obtained from wild plants and animals, in contrast to agricultural societies which rely mainly on domesticated species. Hunting and gathering was the ancestral subsistence mode of Homo, and all modern humans were...
lifestyle to fulfill their economic and sustenance needs. Early homesteaders and settlers in the 19th century and early 20th century likewise spent the majority of their time proving up their homesteads, tilling the land and providing subsistence
Subsistence economy
A subsistence economy is an economy which refers simply to the gathering or amassment of objects of value; the increase in wealth; or the creation of wealth. Capital can be generally defined as assets invested with the expectation that their value will increase, usually because there is the...
agricultural products for their families. The early 20th century developed successful agricultural practices, and society rejoiced in the roaring twenties
The Roaring Twenties
The Roaring Twenties is a 1939 crime thriller starring James Cagney, Priscilla Lane, Humphrey Bogart and Gladys George. The movie was directed by Raoul Walsh, and written by Jerry Wald, Richard Macaulay and Robert Rossen based on the story "The World Moves On" by Mark Hellinger...
. The depression and drought years of the dirty thirties
Dust Bowl
The Dust Bowl, or the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms causing major ecological and agricultural damage to American and Canadian prairie lands from 1930 to 1936...
took agricultural sustenance away. The Industrial Revolution
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times...
which came with the Second World War
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
developed some mechanized improvements in both travelling and agricultural labour saving devices. Electricity became established throughout the various Saskatchewan regions. The economy saw a growth not only in the agricultural sector, but labour was freed up to also pursue choices other than agriculture. A major breakthrough was seen in the arts and culture scene in Saskatchewan from the 1940s onward. Arts and cultural activities before this date were of the main on a family, individual and unpaid level. Local schools would host plays, family or tribal members would engage in handcrafts of various sorts which may become heirlooms, communities would come together for engagement in various sports activities for recreation. The Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences
Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences
The Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters and Sciences, otherwise known as the Massey–Lévesque Commission, chaired by Vincent Massey, examined Canada's cultural sovereignty from the United States and various other nations. The report released its findings in 1951 when it...
prepared the Massey Report in the early 1950s. This commission noted the strengths and weakness of the cultural community and led to the establishment of the Canada Council which promoted burgeoning talent. The Saskatchewan government also showed support on a cultural level, with the creation of the Arts Board, and promotion of the Golden Jubilee celebrations hosted in 1955.
Museums and cultural institutions
Archaeological site
An archaeological site is a place in which evidence of past activity is preserved , and which has been, or may be, investigated using the discipline of archaeology and represents a part of the archaeological record.Beyond this, the definition and geographical extent of a 'site' can vary widely,...
s comprise over 600 varied Saskatchewan . Saskatchewan is home to two prominent spas, in Moose Jaw and Watrous
Watrous, Saskatchewan
Watrous is a small town in Saskatchewan, Canada, approximately 100 km east of Saskatoon. Its economy is based on agriculture and tourism, due to its proximity to Manitou Beach, home of the Mineral Spa and Danceland dance hall . Watrous was named after Frank Watrous Morse...
, ten Provincial historical parks and seven main National historical sites.
The preservation of past and current cultural conditions in visual record forms the exhibit of museums and art galleries. Along with the Saskatchewan Western Development Museum
Saskatchewan Western Development Museum
The Saskatchewan Western Development Museum is a network of four museums in Saskatchewan, Canada preserving and recording the social and economic development of the province. The museum has branches in Moose Jaw, North Battleford, Saskatoon and Yorkton. Respectively, each branch focuses on a...
s, there are over 200 local pioneer heritage museums. Travelling exhibits help to supplement the permanent groupings of each institution. The Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History
Royal Saskatchewan Museum
The Royal Saskatchewan Museum was established in Regina as the Provincial Museum in 1906 to "secure and preserve natural history specimens and objects of historical and ethnological interest." It was the first museum in Saskatchewan, Canada, and the first provincial museum in the three Prairie...
officially opened in Regina in the spring of 1955.
See also
- Museums in Saskatchewan
- The Evolution of Education MuseumThe Evolution of Education MuseumThe Evolution of Education Museum is situated on Highway #2 South in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada.The school in which the museum is housed was built in 1920 and was finally closed in 1963. This school was originally located 20 miles northeast of Prince Albert, and is named after Clayton...
- Historical Society MuseumHistorical Society MuseumThe Prince Albert Historical Museum is operated by the Prince Albert Historical Society in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada. It exhibits the history of the area in a building that was originally the first mission school built in 1867...
- Mendel Art GalleryMendel Art GalleryThe Mendel Art Gallery is a major creative cultural centre in City Park, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, opened in 1964. Housing a permanent collection of works of local, regional and national significance, the Mendel is also known for its public programs for all ages. Its current executive director and...
- RCMP Heritage CentreRCMP Heritage CentreThe RCMP Heritage Centre was officially opened May 23, 2007 in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. It is owned and operated by an independent nonprofit organization called the Mounted Police Heritage Centre and receives no funding from any level of government...
- Rotary Museum of Police and CorrectionsRotary Museum of Police and CorrectionsThe Rotary Museum of Police and Corrections is a museum in Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, Canada. It covers the history of law enforcement in early Prince Albert and Saskatchewan....
- Royal Saskatchewan MuseumRoyal Saskatchewan MuseumThe Royal Saskatchewan Museum was established in Regina as the Provincial Museum in 1906 to "secure and preserve natural history specimens and objects of historical and ethnological interest." It was the first museum in Saskatchewan, Canada, and the first provincial museum in the three Prairie...
- Saskatchewan Railway MuseumSaskatchewan Railway MuseumThe Saskatchewan Railway Museum is a railway museum located west of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan at the intersection of the Pike Lake Highway and the Canadian National Railway tracks...
- Saskatchewan Western Development MuseumSaskatchewan Western Development MuseumThe Saskatchewan Western Development Museum is a network of four museums in Saskatchewan, Canada preserving and recording the social and economic development of the province. The museum has branches in Moose Jaw, North Battleford, Saskatoon and Yorkton. Respectively, each branch focuses on a...
- St. Petro Mohyla InstituteSt. Petro Mohyla InstituteSt. Petro Mohyla Institute is located near the University of Saskatchewan in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.Through its summer language courses and its university residence, SPMI serves the cultural needs of the Ukrainian Canadian community in the city....
- Saskatoon ArenaSaskatoon ArenaThe Saskatoon Arena was an indoor arena located in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. It opened 30 October 1937 on a site overlooking the South Saskatchewan River. It was a wooden arena constructed in Saskatoon's downtown core....
- Wanuskewin Heritage ParkWanuskewin Heritage ParkWanuskewin Heritage Park is a non-profit internationally-recognized award-winning interpretive centre that reflects First Nations culture, history, and values...
Development of Saskatchewan culture
Large societies often have subcultureSubculture
In sociology, anthropology and cultural studies, a subculture is a group of people with a culture which differentiates them from the larger culture to which they belong.- Definition :...
s, or groups of people with distinct sets of behaviour and beliefs that differentiate them from a larger culture of which they are a part. Western culture
Western culture
Western culture, sometimes equated with Western civilization or European civilization, refers to cultures of European origin and is used very broadly to refer to a heritage of social norms, ethical values, traditional customs, religious beliefs, political systems, and specific artifacts and...
is the cultures of the people of European origin and their descendants which comprises the set of literary
Literature
Literature is the art of written works, and is not bound to published sources...
, scientific
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...
, musical, and philosophical
Philosophy
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems, such as those connected with existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. Philosophy is distinguished from other ways of addressing such problems by its critical, generally systematic approach and its reliance on rational...
principles. The Saskatchewan lifestyle and culture was inter-related with and depended on the ethnic bloc settlement, geo-physical area and rural or urban community. Saskatchewan culture has historically been heavily influenced by English
English people
The English are a nation and ethnic group native to England, who speak English. The English identity is of early mediaeval origin, when they were known in Old English as the Anglecynn. England is now a country of the United Kingdom, and the majority of English people in England are British Citizens...
, French
French people
The French are a nation that share a common French culture and speak the French language as a mother tongue. Historically, the French population are descended from peoples of Celtic, Latin and Germanic origin, and are today a mixture of several ethnic groups...
, Irish
Irish people
The Irish people are an ethnic group who originate in Ireland, an island in northwestern Europe. Ireland has been populated for around 9,000 years , with the Irish people's earliest ancestors recorded having legends of being descended from groups such as the Nemedians, Fomorians, Fir Bolg, Tuatha...
, Scottish
Scottish people
The Scottish people , or Scots, are a nation and ethnic group native to Scotland. Historically they emerged from an amalgamation of the Picts and Gaels, incorporating neighbouring Britons to the south as well as invading Germanic peoples such as the Anglo-Saxons and the Norse.In modern use,...
and Aboriginal
Aboriginal peoples in Canada
Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. The descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" have fallen into disuse in Canada and are commonly considered pejorative....
cultures and traditions, and over time has been greatly influenced by American culture
Culture of the United States
The Culture of the United States is a Western culture originally influenced by European cultures. It has been developing since long before the United States became a country with its own unique social and cultural characteristics such as dialect, music, arts, social habits, cuisine, and folklore...
due to its proximity and the interchange of human capital
Human capital
Human capitalis the stock of competencies, knowledge and personality attributes embodied in the ability to perform labor so as to produce economic value. It is the attributes gained by a worker through education and experience...
.
Aboriginal influences
see also :Category:Aboriginal peoples in Saskatchewan | :Category:First Nations in Saskatchewan | :Category:Dene culture | Saskatchewan Archaeological SocietySaskatchewan Archaeological Society
The Saskatchewan Archaeological Society is a society of amateur and professional archaeologists who encourage the preservation of archaeological artifacts and sites, publish, educate and assist the public in the interest of archaeological activities...
| Jingle dress
Jingle dress
Jingle dress is a dance dress worn by women participating in the "Jingle Dress Dance" at a Pow wow. Made of cloth, the dress includes several rows of metal cones, which are sewn across the dress on the skirt . The metal cones create a jingling sound as the dancer moves...
Clovis culture
Clovis culture
The Clovis culture is a prehistoric Paleo-Indian culture that first appears 11,500 RCYBP , at the end of the last glacial period, characterized by the manufacture of "Clovis points" and distinctive bone and ivory tools...
and prehistoric Primitive culture
Primitive culture
In older anthropology texts and discussions, the term "primitive culture" is used to refer to a society that is believed to lack cultural, technological, or economic sophistication/development...
is depicted in archaeological findings. The nomadic hunter-gatherer
Hunter-gatherer
A hunter-gatherer or forage society is one in which most or all food is obtained from wild plants and animals, in contrast to agricultural societies which rely mainly on domesticated species. Hunting and gathering was the ancestral subsistence mode of Homo, and all modern humans were...
lifestyle of the first nation developed leather working as a necessity for clothing. Trading fur for beads developed a new handcraft of beadwork and weaving. The first nations of Saskatchewan are still renowned for their Pow-wow
Pow-wow
A pow-wow is a gathering of North America's Native people. The word derives from the Narragansett word powwaw, meaning "spiritual leader". A modern pow-wow is a specific type of event where both Native American and non-Native American people meet to dance, sing, socialize, and honor American...
dance, drumming and music.
Bilingualism, multiculturalism, foreign influences, American influences
- For more information on the earliest inhabitants and explorers of Saskatchewan see History of Saskatchewan - Immigration and Settlement Era History of Immigration - Western Canada | Ethnic groups in Canada | FransaskoisFransaskoisFransaskois are francophones or French Canadians living in the Prairie province of Saskatchewan. The term franco-saskatchewanian may also be used on occasion, although in practice it is rare due to its length and unwieldiness.-Population:...
| Demographics of SaskatchewanDemographics of SaskatchewanSaskatchewan is the middle province of Canada's three Prairie Provinces. Saskatchewan has an area of 651,900 km² and a population of 985,386 as of 2006. Most of its population lives in the southern half of the province...
| Block SettlementBlock SettlementA block settlement is particular type of land distribution which allows settlers with the same ethnicity to form small colonies.This settlement type was used throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries...
| Canadian-American relations.
Clifford Sifton
Sir Clifford Sifton, PC, KCMG was a Canadian politician best known for being Minister of the Interior under Sir Wilfrid Laurier...
established colonial offices in Europe and the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to encourage immigration from Britain
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
and the United States, and by Ukrainians
Ukrainian Canadian
A Ukrainian Canadian is a person of Ukrainian descent or origin who was born in or immigrated to Canada. In 2006, there were an estimated 1,209,085 persons residing in Canada of Ukrainian origin, making them Canada's ninth largest ethnic group; and giving Canada the world's third-largest...
, Doukhobors, and other groups from the Austrian Empire
Austrian Empire
The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...
to populate the Canadian West
Western Canada
Western Canada, also referred to as the Western provinces and commonly as the West, is a region of Canada that includes the four provinces west of the province of Ontario.- Provinces :...
. Between 1891 and 1914 was the largest influx of immigration to the North West Territories
Territorial evolution of Canada
The federation of Canada was created in 1867 when three colonies of British North America were united. One of these colonies split into two new provinces, three other colonies joined later...
and the province of Saskatchewan. The French Métis in Duck Lake and St. Louis of 1870, Qu'Appelle Farming colony and Bell Farm of 1880, Cannington Manor of 1882, East London Artisans Colony of 1884, The New Elsass German block colony of 1885, New Stockholm Swedish colony of 1885, Rosthern Mennonite Colony of 1893, Montmarte/Grenfell Galician settlement of 1896, and the Good Spirit Lake Doukhobor Annex (Devils Lake colony) of 1899 are just a few of the earliest ethnic bloc settlements established in the 19th century in the early North West Territories
Territorial evolution of Canada
The federation of Canada was created in 1867 when three colonies of British North America were united. One of these colonies split into two new provinces, three other colonies joined later...
. Ethnic block settlements of this early time concentrated on developing their agricultural methods, and then establishing churches and schooling. Religion and education was based on what they knew from their home country. World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
showed that there was a need for a common identity and language in Canada
Language in Canada
A multitude of languages are used in Canada. According to the 2006 census, English and French are the mother tongues of 58.8% and 23.2% of Canadians respectively. New Brunswick is the only Canadian province that has both English and French as its official languages. Quebec's official language is...
and the west. Schools established a provincial curriculum and standard language. The cultural identity shifted from the homeland to creating a new society and culture with a single unifying language to aid economics and social growth. World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
again emphasized a need for an identity which was truly and uniquely Canadian, which was also a desired norm in Saskatchewan.
Geography, climate, and immigration
see also Geography of SaskatchewanGeography of Saskatchewan
The geography of Saskatchewan , is unique among the provinces and territories of Canada in some respects. It is one of only two landlocked regions and it is the only region whose borders are not based on natural features like lakes, rivers or drainage divides...
Northern Saskatchewan is home to the Dene and archaeological findings such as The Aboriginal Rock Paintings of the Churchill River
Churchill River (Hudson Bay)
The Churchill River is a major river in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba, Canada. From the head of the Churchill Lake it is 1,609 km long. It was named after John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough and governor of the Hudson's Bay Company from 1685 to 1691...
, Petroglyphs as well as history of early trading post
Trading post
A trading post was a place or establishment in historic Northern America where the trading of goods took place. The preferred travel route to a trading post or between trading posts, was known as a trade route....
s such as Stanley Mission. The Palliser Expedition
Palliser Expedition
The British North American Exploring Expedition, commonly called the Palliser Expedition, explored and surveyed the open prairies and rugged wilderness of western Canada from 1857 to 1860. The purpose was to explore possible routes for the Canadian Pacific Railway and discover new species of plants...
described an arid geographic region unfit for human habitation known as the Palliser's Triangle
Palliser's Triangle
Palliser's Triangle, or the Palliser Triangle, is a largely semi-arid steppe region in the Prairie Provinces of Western Canada that was determined to be unsuitable for agriculture because of its unfavourable climate. The soil in this area is dark brown or black in color and is very nutrient-rich....
. The first capital of the North West Territories
Territorial evolution of Canada
The federation of Canada was created in 1867 when three colonies of British North America were united. One of these colonies split into two new provinces, three other colonies joined later...
moved from Fort Pitt to Battleford, Saskatchewan Provisional District
District of Saskatchewan
The District of Saskatchewan was a regional administrative district of Canada's Northwest Territories. Much of the area was incorporated into the province of Saskatchewan. The western part became part of Alberta, and the eastern part is now part of Manitoba. Its capital was Prince Albert...
(1876–1883). Near the northern tree line, and the main economic industry of fur trapping were the fastest growing trading posts and early settlements such as Prince Albert
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Prince Albert is the third-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated in the centre of the province on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River. The city is known as the "Gateway to the North" because it is the last major centre along the route to the resources of northern Saskatchewan...
. The first survey for the transcontinental railway was between Winnipeg and Edmonton through the settled areas of Battleford and Prince Albert
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Prince Albert is the third-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated in the centre of the province on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River. The city is known as the "Gateway to the North" because it is the last major centre along the route to the resources of northern Saskatchewan...
.
49th parallel north
The 49th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 49 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean....
was nicknamed the Medicine Line because of its seemingly magical ability to prevent U.S. soldiers from crossing it. The Big Muddy Badlands have a reputation for outlaw history, and hide out caves. The Canadian Pacific Railway
Canadian Pacific Railway
The Canadian Pacific Railway , formerly also known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railway founded in 1881 and now operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001...
(CPR) Soo Line Railroad
Soo Line Railroad
The Soo Line Railroad is the primary United States railroad subsidiary of the Canadian Pacific Railway , controlled through the Soo Line Corporation, and one of seven U.S. Class I railroads. Although it is named for the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste...
arrived in Moose Jaw in 1882 from Chicago, giving Moose Jaw the moniker of Little Chicago. Gangsters such as Al Capone
Al Capone
Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone was an American gangster who led a Prohibition-era crime syndicate. The Chicago Outfit, which subsequently became known as the "Capones", was dedicated to smuggling and bootlegging liquor, and other illegal activities such as prostitution, in Chicago from the early...
used the tunnels of Moose Jaw for bootlegging in the prohibition years 1917–1924. Chinese immigrants used the tunnels as hideaways and homes during an era of Anti-Chinese sentiments. The rise of the Cypress Hills massacre
Cypress Hills massacre
The Cypress Hills massacre occurred on June 1, 1873, in the Cypress Hills region of Battle Creek, North-West Territories , involving a group of American Bison hunters, American wolf hunters or 'wolfers', American and Canadian whiskey traders, Métis cargo haulers or 'freighters', and a camp of...
, bootlegging activities, outlaws and gangsters outrunning the United States law gave rise to new fort outposts such as Fort Walsh, and Royal Northwest Mounted Police (RNWMP) barracks, the history of which is recounted at the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) Centennial Museum
The July 8, 1874 March West brought law and order to the southern area of Saskatchewan. The Dominion government
Government of Canada
The Government of Canada, formally Her Majesty's Government, is the system whereby the federation of Canada is administered by a common authority; in Canadian English, the term can mean either the collective set of institutions or specifically the Queen-in-Council...
and Canadian Pacific Railway
Canadian Pacific Railway
The Canadian Pacific Railway , formerly also known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railway founded in 1881 and now operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001...
now examined the report given by John Macoun
John Macoun
John Macoun was an Irish-born Canadian naturalist.- Early life :Macoun was born in Magheralin, County Down, Ireland in 1831, the third child of James Macoun and Anne Jane Nevin. In 1850 the worsening economic situation in Ireland led his family to emigrate to Canada, where he settled in Seymour...
, botanist to the 1872 Sanford Fleming
Sandford Fleming
Sir Sandford Fleming, was a Scottish-born Canadian engineer and inventor, proposed worldwide standard time zones, designed Canada's first postage stamp, a huge body of surveying and map making, engineering much of the Intercolonial Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway, and was a founding...
railway route expedition. Settlement could be established under the safety of the RCMP and this new promise of agricultural colonization, so constructing a southern transcontinental railway helped maintain the Canadian identity
Canadian identity
Canadian identity refers to the set of characteristics and symbols that many Canadians regard as expressing their unique place and role in the world....
near the 49th parallel north
49th parallel north
The 49th parallel north is a circle of latitude that is 49 degrees north of the Earth's equatorial plane. It crosses Europe, Asia, the Pacific Ocean, North America, and the Atlantic Ocean....
which was under encroachment by the American expansionists.
Central Saskatchewan recounts the history of the various battles of the North-West Rebellion
North-West Rebellion
The North-West Rebellion of 1885 was a brief and unsuccessful uprising by the Métis people of the District of Saskatchewan under Louis Riel against the Dominion of Canada...
at Batoche and Fort Carlton
Fort Carlton
Fort Carlton was a Hudson's Bay Company fur trade post from 1810 until 1885. It was rebuilt by the Saskatchewan government as a provincial historic park and can be visited today...
. Regina attained national prominence in 1885 during the North-West Rebellion despite the fact that the Canadian Pacific Railway
Canadian Pacific Railway
The Canadian Pacific Railway , formerly also known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railway founded in 1881 and now operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001...
had still only reached the formerly designated territorial headquarters of Troy (Qu'Appelle
Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan
Qu'Appelle, Saskatchewan, is a small village and formerly in ecclesiastical terms a city, with considerable historic significance located on Trans-Canada Highway and the Canadian Pacific Railway mainline, some east of the provincial capital of Regina.Qu'Appelle was for a time the terminus of the...
) some thirty miles to the east. As the railways arrived, so too immigrants arrived in greater quantities than via Red River Cart
Red River ox cart
The Red River cart was a large two-wheeled cart made entirely of non-metallic materials. Often drawn by oxen, though also by horses or mules, these carts were used throughout most of the 19th century in the fur trade and in westward expansion in Canada and the United States, in the area of the Red...
via trail and ferry. Ethnic bloc settlements, and communities situated on the rail line grew quickly. Immigrants settled near others who they could communicate with, so those of like languages settled together for neighborly homestead improvements, harvesting co-operation and, economic necessity.
Rural living patterns
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
s).) in Western Canada for a $10.00 filing fee. The improvements needed to acquire the land were labour intensive, and settlers farmed in family groups or ethnic bloc settlements of the same language to assist one another. Early homesteaders grew mainly subsistence crops which would feed their own family and livestock. Pioneer activities supported harvest work groups, recreational sports, pioneer farm exhibitions, rodeos and community dances to provide support and social interaction for isolated neighbors who lived a quarter mile apart from each other. The industrial revolution
Industrial Revolution
The Industrial Revolution was a period from the 18th to the 19th century where major changes in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, transportation, and technology had a profound effect on the social, economic and cultural conditions of the times...
modernized the farming industry as mechanized vehicles replaced the long hours of oxen ploughed land or the horse drawn cart. Farms became much larger, and mechanized evolving towards industrial agriculture
Industrial agriculture
Industrial farming is a form of modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock, poultry, fish, and crops. The methods of industrial agriculture are technoscientific, economic, and political...
.
Urban living patterns
Moose JawMoose Jaw, Saskatchewan
Moose Jaw is a city in south-central Saskatchewan, Canada on the Moose Jaw River. It is situated on the Trans-Canada Highway, west of Regina. Residents of Moose Jaw are known as Moose Javians. It is best known as a retirement and tourist city that serves as a hub to the hundreds of small towns...
became the first city of Saskatchewan in 1903. Pile O'Bones, renamed Regina
Regina, Saskatchewan
Regina is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province and a cultural and commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. It is governed by Regina City Council. Regina is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic and Romanian Orthodox...
in 1882, was declared the Territorial Capital in 1883, became a city in 1903, and the capital of Saskatchewan in 1906. Prince Albert
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Prince Albert is the third-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated in the centre of the province on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River. The city is known as the "Gateway to the North" because it is the last major centre along the route to the resources of northern Saskatchewan...
attained city status next in 1904. The Barr colonists arrived in Saskatoon
Saskatoon
Saskatoon is a city in central Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River. Residents of the city of Saskatoon are called Saskatonians. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Corman Park No. 344....
in 1883, the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railway (QLLR) in 1890, and Saskatoon attained city status in 1906, and is presently the province's largest city.
The urban centres brought a mix of ethnic and religious settlers, and those who weren't agricultural homesteaders but who brought with themselves a trade or professional calling. Regina developed around the newly formed legislature and North-West Mounted Police Barracks. Saskatoon developed around the arrival of the three major rail lines becoming the central hub city for supplies both to Alberta
Alberta
Alberta is a province of Canada. It had an estimated population of 3.7 million in 2010 making it the most populous of Canada's three prairie provinces...
{west} and Manitoba
Manitoba
Manitoba is a Canadian prairie province with an area of . The province has over 110,000 lakes and has a largely continental climate because of its flat topography. Agriculture, mostly concentrated in the fertile southern and western parts of the province, is vital to the province's economy; other...
{east} but also to industry north and south. Primary industries were agriculture in the rural south and central region, fishing and forestry in the rural northern region, and mining of various capacities throughout the province depending upon resources available at each site. The depression and drought years of the dirty thirties brought folks beset by agricultural hardships to the cities for a dire hope of employment. Secondary 'make work' industries were on the rise such as manufacturing and construction. Many hotels and bridges were built by this large supply of labour in this time. With the advent of the industrial revolution, after World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
, agricultural output went up with a decrease of labour methods. The supply of workers increased for tertiary employment sector such as transportation, trade, finance and services which were mainly based in urban centres.
Architecture
Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church
The Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church , Ukrainska Hreko-Katolytska Tserkva), is the largest Eastern Rite Catholic sui juris particular church in full communion with the Holy See, and is directly subject to the Pope...
Cathedrals.
Creative arts
The creative arts developed from the establishment of the Canadian Arts Council, in December 1945. The Special Committee of the House of CommonsCanadian House of Commons
The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons is a democratically elected body, consisting of 308 members known as Members of Parliament...
on Reconstruction and Re-establishment in a post-war dominion sought to provide arts which were
Film, and television
Saskatchewan Film and Video Classification Board
The Saskatchewan Film and Video Classification Board is a board of the Saskatchewan Department of Justice responsible for providing film and video classification documents to movie theatres in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan...
Television is a widely used telecommunication
Telecommunication
Telecommunication is the transmission of information over significant distances to communicate. In earlier times, telecommunications involved the use of visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs, or audio messages via coded...
system for broadcasting
Broadcasting
Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and video content to a dispersed audience via any audio visual medium. Receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively large subset of thereof...
and receiving moving picture
Film
A film, also called a movie or motion picture, is a series of still or moving images. It is produced by recording photographic images with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or visual effects...
s and sound
Sound
Sound is a mechanical wave that is an oscillation of pressure transmitted through a solid, liquid, or gas, composed of frequencies within the range of hearing and of a level sufficiently strong to be heard, or the sensation stimulated in organs of hearing by such vibrations.-Propagation of...
over a distance. By the mid 1950s, there were just over 150 radio broadcast stations operating nationwide across Canada, Canada first received television broadcasts in 1952 at Montreal
Montreal
Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...
and Toronto
Toronto
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...
. There are currently nine separate television stations in Saskatchewan.
Film encompasses individual motion pictures, the field of film as an art form, and the motion picture industry
Film industry
The film industry consists of the technological and commercial institutions of filmmaking: i.e. film production companies, film studios, cinematography, film production, screenwriting, pre-production, post production, film festivals, distribution; and actors, film directors and other film crew...
. $7.80 admission fees, and 16 motion pictures (mainly made in the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
were viewed by the average Canadian in 1954.
Saskatchewan residents thereafter developed their own films and the Saskatchewan Film Development Corporation a production unit of the National Film Board Canada, Saskatchewan Production Studios, as well as the Yorkton Short Film and Video Festival. The Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios located in Regina that has been used for the production of both movies and television programs.
Film and television productions done at the Canada Saskatchewan Production Studios include:
- Falling AngelsFalling Angels (film)Falling Angels is a 2003 independent film by Scott Smith, based on the novel of the same name by Barbara Gowdy and adapted for the screen by poet and author Esta Spalding. It is the second feature film by Scott Smith, writer, producer and director of Rollercoaster...
(2003) - Corner GasCorner GasCorner Gas is a Canadian television sitcom created by Brent Butt. The series ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009. Re-runs still air on CTV and The Comedy Network in Canada; it formerly aired on WGN America in the United States....
(2004–2009) - Beyond Corner Gas: Tales from Dog RiverCorner GasCorner Gas is a Canadian television sitcom created by Brent Butt. The series ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009. Re-runs still air on CTV and The Comedy Network in Canada; it formerly aired on WGN America in the United States....
(2005) - TidelandTideland (film)Tideland is a 2005 British-Canadian fantasy thriller film co-written and directed by Terry Gilliam, an adaptation of Mitch Cullin's novel of the same name. The film was shot in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, and surrounding area in the fall and winter of 2004...
(2005) - SabbaticalSabbatical (TV series)Sabbatical is a 2007 CTV television movie, which was filmed in August 2007, as a pilot, and aired on 23 November 2007.The film, follows Patrick Marlowe , his paleontologist wife Dr...
(2007) - The Messengers (2007)
- How I Married My High School CrushHow I Married My High School CrushHow I Married My High School Crush is a Lifetime Movie which aired on July 1, 2007, it stars Katee Sackhoff and Kim Poirier. Its working titles included 'Be Careful What You Wish For' and 'Once Upon a Dream'.-Story:...
(2007) - It's Been a GasCorner GasCorner Gas is a Canadian television sitcom created by Brent Butt. The series ran for six seasons from 2004 to 2009. Re-runs still air on CTV and The Comedy Network in Canada; it formerly aired on WGN America in the United States....
(2009) - Dolan's CadillacDolan's Cadillac (film)Dolan's Cadillac is a 2009 thriller starring Wes Bentley, Christian Slater and Emmanuelle Vaugier. It is based on a short story of the same name by Stephen King.-Plot:...
(2009) - Walled InWalled InWalled In is a 2009 horror-thriller starring Mischa Barton. The film is based on the best-selling French novel Les Emmurés by Serge Brussolo . It is the English-language debut of critically acclaimed French director Gilles Paquet-Brenner. The film was shot in Saskatchewan, Canada.-Plot:Sam Walczak...
(2009) - InSecurityInSecurityInSecurity is a Canadian action comedy television series. The series focuses on a team of spycatchers set at the fictional Canadian National Intelligence and Security Agency . The series is set in Ottawa but filmed primarily in Regina...
(2010)
Theatre
Theatre is the branch of the performing artsPerforming arts
The performing arts are those forms art which differ from the plastic arts insofar as the former uses the artist's own body, face, and presence as a medium, and the latter uses materials such as clay, metal or paint which can be molded or transformed to create some physical art object...
concerned with acting out stories in front of an audience. The earliest drama selections were of the Christmas school pageants which early one room school house
One-room school
One-room schools were commonplace throughout rural portions of various countries including the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, United Kingdom, Ireland and Spain in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. In most rural and small town schools, all of the students met in a single room...
teachers would assemble and present with the assistance of student and parent. The "Socialisti", "Red Devils/Ghosts", "West Country", or the "Coteau Hills Finnish Socialist Society" settled around 1923 in the Steeldale district of Saskatchewan. They would gather in halls and produce local plays.
Wolseley, Saskatchewan
-External links:** Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan...
and Hanley
Hanley, Saskatchewan
Hanley is a town in south-central Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located 65 km south of Saskatoon. Population 510. It was named after Hanley in Staffordshire, England by early founders. It is also the seat for the rural municipality of Rosedale....
would construct Opera house
Opera house
An opera house is a theatre building used for opera performances that consists of a stage, an orchestra pit, audience seating, and backstage facilities for costumes and set building...
s to encourage drama production in the early 20th century. The Dominion Drama Festival which showcased a national competition amongst Canadian amateur theatre groups was held in Regina in the mid 1950s.
Thereafter the Regina Little Theatre and Theatre Saskatchewan formed. Theatre and Saskatoon are synonymous with names such as Henry Woolf
Henry Woolf
Henry Woolf ,is a British actor, theatre director, and teacher of acting, drama, and theatre who lives in Canada, and a longtime friend and collaborator of 2005 Nobel Laureate Harold Pinter, having stimulated Pinter to write his first play, The Room in 1956...
actor and artistic director and Bob Hinnitt drama organizer of Castle Theatre Aden Bowman Collegiate
Aden Bowman Collegiate
Aden Bowman Collegiate Institute is located in the Queen Elizabeth subdivision, in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, serving students from grades 9 through 12. It is also known as Aden Bowman, Bowman, or ABCI. The school was opened on September 2, 1958.- Fine arts :...
. The Persephone Theatre
Persephone Theatre
Persephone Theatre, is a theatre company based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. The theatre company was founded in 1974 by Janet and Susan Wright and named after the greek goddess Persephone. The first season performances were held at the Mendel Art Gallery, with the second season at the...
, 25th Street Theatre, Shakespeare on the Saskatchewan, and the Globe Theatre produce professional theatrical shows for the Saskatchewan community today.
Visual arts
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
, photography
Photography
Photography is the art, science and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film...
, printmaking
Printmaking
Printmaking is the process of making artworks by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally covers only the process of creating prints with an element of originality, rather than just being a photographic reproduction of a painting. Except in the case of monotyping, the process is capable...
, and filmmaking
Filmmaking
Filmmaking is the process of making a film, from an initial story, idea, or commission, through scriptwriting, casting, shooting, directing, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a theatrical release or television program...
. Those that involve three-dimensional objects, such as sculpture
Sculpture
Sculpture is three-dimensional artwork created by shaping or combining hard materials—typically stone such as marble—or metal, glass, or wood. Softer materials can also be used, such as clay, textiles, plastics, polymers and softer metals...
and architecture
Architecture
Architecture is both the process and product of planning, designing and construction. Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural and political symbols and as works of art...
, are called plastic arts. Early explorers and adventurers were enticed to the North West Territories
Territorial evolution of Canada
The federation of Canada was created in 1867 when three colonies of British North America were united. One of these colonies split into two new provinces, three other colonies joined later...
by paintings by Paul Kane
Paul Kane
Paul Kane was an Irish-born Canadian painter, famous for his paintings of First Nations peoples in the Canadian West and other Native Americans in the Oregon Country....
who depicted a romantic west of adventure. As early as the 1955 summer season, the Regina College Summer School
Emma Lake Artist's Workshops
The Emma Lake Artists' Workshops are affiliated with the University of Saskatchewan.-Workshop Leaders by Date: :1954-1955 Beginnings: Arthur McKay Kenneth Lochhead*195 Jack Shadbolt *1956 Joe Plaskett The Emma Lake Artists' Workshops are affiliated with the University of...
at Emma Lake
Emma Lake, Saskatchewan
Emma Lake is a combined campground, and lake. The area has a population of around 900 in the summertime, and 200 in the wintertime. Emma Lake is 45 kilometers north of Prince Albert, Saskatchewan and 5 kilometers from Christopher Lake, Saskatchewan....
reached national prominence. Augustus Kenderdine
Augustus Kenderdine
Augustus Frederick Lafosse Kenderdine was a landscape and portrait artist of Lancashire and Saskatchewan, a farmer of Saskatchewan, and academic at the University of Saskatchewan.-England:...
, Inglis Sheldon-Williams, Illingworth Kerr, James Henderson, Ernest Lindner
Jan Wyers, Dorothy Knowles and William Perehudoff are all well known and acclaimed Saskatchewan artists. Kenneth Lochhead
Kenneth Lochhead
Kenneth Campbell Lochhead, was a Canadian Professor and painter. He was the brother of poet Douglas Lochhead....
, Arthur McKay, Ronald Bloore
Ron Bloore
Ronald Langley Bloore, CM, FRSC is a Canadian abstract artist and teacher. He was a member of the Regina Five which included Ken Lochhead, Art McKay, Ted Godwin, and Doug Morton.- Education :...
, Douglas Morton and Ted Godwin
Ted Godwin
Edward W. Godwin, OC is a Canadian artist who was part of the Regina Five, a group of five artists all based in Regina, Saskatchewan...
became known as the "Regina Five". Joe Fafard
Joe Fafard
Joseph Fafard, OC, SOM is a Canadian sculptor.-Biography:Born in Sainte-Marthe, Saskatchewan in 1942 to Leopold Fafard and Julienne Cantin whose families both date back centuries in Canada. Joe is a descendant of Jacques Goulet. He received a B.S.A from the University of Manitoba in 1966 and a...
, Jack Sures, and Vic Cicansky make ceramics and sculpture their visual art form media. Painters Bob Boyer and David Thauberger, as well as sculptor Bill Epp and the brothers Huang Zhongyang and Huang Zhongru are noteworthy as well.
MacKenzie Art Gallery Regina
Regina, Saskatchewan
Regina is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province and a cultural and commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. It is governed by Regina City Council. Regina is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic and Romanian Orthodox...
and Mendel Art Gallery
Mendel Art Gallery
The Mendel Art Gallery is a major creative cultural centre in City Park, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, opened in 1964. Housing a permanent collection of works of local, regional and national significance, the Mendel is also known for its public programs for all ages. Its current executive director and...
Saskatoon
Saskatoon
Saskatoon is a city in central Saskatchewan, Canada, on the South Saskatchewan River. Residents of the city of Saskatoon are called Saskatonians. The city is surrounded by the Rural Municipality of Corman Park No. 344....
are two of the main centres showcasing visual arts for Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
residents.
Literature
Writing
Writing is the representation of language in a textual medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols . It is distinguished from illustration, such as cave drawing and painting, and non-symbolic preservation of language via non-textual media, such as magnetic tape audio.Writing most likely...
s or works of art, which in Western culture are mainly prose
Prose
Prose is the most typical form of written language, applying ordinary grammatical structure and natural flow of speech rather than rhythmic structure...
, both fiction and non-fiction, drama and poetry. The Saskatchewan Writers Guild, Saskatchewan Playwrights Centre, Thunder Creek Publishing Co-operative formed to support and promote Saskatchewan literary talent.
James Sinclair Ross, W.O. Mitchell, Lorna Crozier
Lorna Crozier
Lorna Crozier is a Canadian poet and holds the Head Chair in the Writing Department at the University of Victoria....
, Anne Szumigalski
Anne Szumigalski
Anne Szumigalski, SOM was a Canadian poet.- Life :She was born Anne Howard Davies in London, England, and grew up mostly in a Hampshire village. She served with the Red Cross as a medical auxiliary officer and interpreter during World War II, following British Army forces in 1944-5 across parts of...
, Candace Savage
Candace Savage
Candace Savage is a Canadian writer.Born in Peace River Country in Alberta, she attended the University of Alberta. A frequent contributor to numerous periodicals, including Canadian Geographic, a selection of her magazine articles was collected in Curious by Nature .Savage lives in...
and Robert Kroetsch
Robert Kroetsch
Robert Kroetsch, OC was a Canadian novelist, poet and non-fiction writer. In his fiction and critical essays, as well as in the journal he co-founded, Boundary 2, he was the single most influential figure in Canada in introducing ideas about postmodernism.He was born in Heisler, Alberta...
, are Saskatchewan's literary artists.
Rev. Charles Gordon (nom de plume, Ralph Connor
Ralph Connor
Rev. Dr. Charles William Gordon, or Ralph Connor, was a Canadian novelist, using the Connor pen name while maintaining his status as a Church leader, first in the Presbyterian and later the United churches in Canada. Gordon was also at one time a master at Upper Canada College...
), Robert Stead, Frederick Philip Grove, Wallace Stegner
Wallace Stegner
Wallace Earle Stegner was an American historian, novelist, short story writer, and environmentalist, often called "The Dean of Western Writers"...
, R.D. (Bob) Symons, Edward McCourt, Lorna Crozier
Lorna Crozier
Lorna Crozier is a Canadian poet and holds the Head Chair in the Writing Department at the University of Victoria....
, Bonnie Burnard
Bonnie Burnard
Bonnie Burnard is a Canadian novelist.She grew up in Forest, Ontario, lived much of her life in Saskatchewan, and now lives in London, Ontario.-Awards:...
, David Carpenter, Don Kerr
Don Kerr
Don Kerr is a Canadian multi-instrumentalist and record producer.He was a member of Rheostatics from 1995 to May 2001. He plays in Ron Sexsmith's band, and sometimes with The Kelele Brothers. He and Sexsmith released an album together, Destination Unknown, in 2005...
, Byrna Barclay, Glen Sorestad, Gertrude Story, Maria Campbell
Maria Campbell
Maria Campbell OC is a Métis author, playwright, broadcaster, filmmaker, and Elder. Campbell is a fluent speaker of four languages: Cree, Michif, Saulteaux, and English....
, Sharon Butala
Sharon Butala
Sharon Butala is a Canadian novelist who lives in Eastend, Saskatchewan.In 2001, she was made an Officer of the Order of Canada...
, Guy Vanderhaege, Brenda Baker, Art Slade, Dave Margoshes, and Chris Fisher have also contributed to the Saskatchewan literary scene. Some Saskatchewan poets include Eli Mandel
Eli Mandel
Eli Mandel was a Canadian poet, editor of many Canadian anthologies, and literary academic.-Biography:...
, Andrew Suknaski, and John Hicks. Famous Saskatchewan novelists would be Ken Mitchell, Gary Hyland, Robert Currie, Geoffrey Ursell and Barbara Sapergia to mention a few.
Tim Lilburn is a Regina poet who has won the Governor General's Literary Award for his novel Kill-site. He was joined by Allen Sapp
Allen Sapp
Allen Sapp, OC, SOM is a Canadian Cree painter, currently living in North Battleford, Saskatchewan. His art and his story have become well known throughout Canada and has become an inspiration to many. His paintings tell a personal story. Many of his paintings feature images of his grandmother,...
, painter from the Red Pheasant Reserve who also includes Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
Royal Canadian Academy of Arts
The Royal Canadian Academy of Arts is a Canadian arts-related institution founded in 1880, under the patronage of the Governor General of Canada, Sir John Douglas Sutherland Campbell, the Marquess of Lorne. Canadian landscape painter Homer Watson was a member and president of the Academy...
and an Officer of the Order of Canada awards. Robert Calder (Saskatoon), Willie: The Life of W. Somerset Maugham, Maggie Siggins (Regina), Revenge of the Land, Anne Szumigalski (Saskatoon Voice), and Guy Vanderhaeghe
Guy Vanderhaeghe
Guy Clarence Vanderhaeghe, OC, SOM is a Canadian novelist and short story writer, best known for his two Western novels, The Englishman's Boy and The Last Crossing, set in the 19th century American and Canadian West...
(Saskatoon), Man Descending and again were all honoured for literary recognition by Premier Roy Romanow
Roy Romanow
Roy John Romanow, PC, OC, QC, SOM is a Canadian politician and the 12th Premier of Saskatchewan ....
during the 1997 Governor General's literary awards ceremonies. There have been other Saskatchewan artists who have been honoured with the Governor General's Literary Awards such as Lorna Crozier (Swift Current), Inventing the Hawk, John Newlove
John Newlove
John Newlove was a Canadian poet who was considered to be one of the dominant voices of prairie poetry, though he lived most of his adult life in British Columbia and Ontario.-Life:...
(Regina), The Cave and Lies, Fred Wah
Fred Wah
Frederick James Wah is a Canadian poet, novelist, and scholar.Wah was born in Swift Current, Saskatchewan, but grew up in the interior of British Columbia. His Canadian-born father was raised in China, the son of a Chinese father and a Scots-Irish mother. Fred Wah's mother was a Swedish-born...
(born in Swift Current), Waiting for Saskatchewan, Diana Wieler (Saskatoon), Bad Boy, and Rudy Wiebe, The Temptation of Big Bear and A Discovery of Strangers.
Media
The Saskatchewan Herald a Battleford newspaper was first published in 1878 by Patrick Gammie Laurie.Nicholas Flood Davin
Nicholas Flood Davin
Nicholas Flood Davin Nicholas Flood Davin was a lawyer, journalist and politician, born at Kilfinane, Ireland. The first MP for Assiniboia West , Davin was known as the voice of the North-West....
founded the Regina Leader
Regina Leader-Post
The Regina Leader-Post is the daily newspaper of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, and now a member of the Postmedia Network.The newspaper was first published as The Leader in 1883, by Nicholas Flood Davin...
in Assiniboia Provisional District
Assiniboia
Assiniboia refers to a number of different locations and administrative jurisdictions in Canada. The name is taken from the Assiniboine First Nation.- District of Assiniboia:...
North West Territories
Territorial evolution of Canada
The federation of Canada was created in 1867 when three colonies of British North America were united. One of these colonies split into two new provinces, three other colonies joined later...
as early as 1883. Other North West Territories pre-provincial newspapers (pre-1905) were the Moose Jaw Times, North West Territories Gazette, Prince Albert Times, Qu'Appelle Progress, Qu'Appelle Vidette, Saskatoon Sentinel and Saskatoon Phenix.
Dance
Dance generally refers to movement used as a form of expression, social interaction or presented in a spiritualSpirituality
Spirituality can refer to an ultimate or an alleged immaterial reality; an inner path enabling a person to discover the essence of his/her being; or the “deepest values and meanings by which people live.” Spiritual practices, including meditation, prayer and contemplation, are intended to develop...
or performance setting. The first nation of Saskatchewan are still renowned for their Pow-wow
Pow-wow
A pow-wow is a gathering of North America's Native people. The word derives from the Narragansett word powwaw, meaning "spiritual leader". A modern pow-wow is a specific type of event where both Native American and non-Native American people meet to dance, sing, socialize, and honor American...
dance, drumming and music. Early pioneer immigrants would enjoy local barn dances with local musical talent who played Old-time music
Old-time music
Old-time music is a genre of North American folk music, with roots in the folk music of many countries, including England, Scotland, Ireland and countries in Africa. It developed along with various North American folk dances, such as square dance, buck dance, and clogging. The genre also...
and folks enjoyed square dances, polkas, waltzes and ethnic dances.
Saskatchewan Dance Theatre in Saskatoon and Regina Modern Dance
Modern dance
Modern dance is a dance form developed in the early 20th century. Although the term Modern dance has also been applied to a category of 20th Century ballroom dances, Modern dance as a term usually refers to 20th century concert dance.-Intro:...
Works in Regina are a few of current Saskatchewan dance forms and schools.
Music
see also Music of Canada's Prairie ProvincesMusic of Canada's Prairie Provinces
The city of Winnipeg, Manitoba, is the musical centre of the Canadian Prairie Provinces of Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta, having produced artists like Neil Young, The Guess Who, Bachman–Turner Overdrive, Crash Test Dummies, Fresh City, and many others...
| Music of Saskatchewan
Music of Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is one of the Prairie Provinces of Canada.-Regina:Regina was incorporated in 1883, and became the provincial capital in 1905. Early in its history, the city boasted numerous bands, including a brass band, Musical and Dramatic Society and a number of church choirs.Frank L...
Saskatchewan encompasses formal musical styles such as the Regina Symphony Orchestra
Regina Symphony Orchestra
The Regina Symphony Orchestra was founded by Frank Laubach, in Regina, Saskatchewan, as the Regina Orchestral Society in 1908, giving its inaugural concert December 3 of that same year...
, Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra
Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra
The Saskatoon Symphony Orchestra is a professional orchestra based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan administered by the non-profit Saskatoon Symphony Society. The orchestra was founded in 1927 as an amateur orchestra, but today has 10 core members and up to 50 sessional musicians...
, South Saskatchewan Youth Orchestra, Saskatoon Youth Orchestra
Saskatoon Youth Orchestra
The Saskatoon Youth Orchestra is a Canadian music program based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. The program includes the Youth Orchestra, the Saskatoon Strings, and the Double Bass program. The groups meet every Saturday morning September through April...
and the Saskatchewan Music Festival Association. There are also local talented musicians who have become professional on the international stage. A very few of these would be: Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell
Joni Mitchell, CC is a Canadian musician, singer songwriter, and painter. Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in her native Saskatchewan and Western Canada and then busking in the streets and dives of Toronto...
, Humphrey and the Dumptrucks of Saskatoon, Buffy Sainte-Marie
Buffy Sainte-Marie
Buffy Sainte-Marie, OC is a Canadian Cree singer-songwriter, musician, composer, visual artist, educator, pacifist, and social activist. Throughout her career in all of these areas, her work has focused on issues of Indigenous peoples of the Americas. Her singing and writing repertoire includes...
, Connie Kaldor
Connie Kaldor
Connie Isabelle Kaldor, is a Canadian folk singer/songwriter. She is the recipient of three Juno awards.Born in Regina, Saskatchewan, she graduated from Campbell Collegiate in Regina in 1972 and the University of Alberta in 1976 with a BFA degree in theatre...
, Don Freed
Don Freed
Donald Freed , is a Canadian singer and songwriter best known for his works about life on the Western Canadian prairies and the province of Saskatchewan in particular.-Life and career:...
, Colin James
Colin James
Colin James is a Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and record producer, who plays in the blues, rock, and neo-swing genres. He grew up as a Quaker.-Early years:...
, Jack Semple
Jack Semple
-History:Semple grew up on a farm north of Regina, Saskatchewan. He started his musical career playing with various Regina-based bands, and later relocated to Toronto in the late 1980s to become the lead guitarist of The Lincolns, a popular funk and rhythm and blues band...
, Brad Johner
Brad Johner
-Biography:Brad Johner grew up in Saskatchewan playing music in his family band. When he was 16, Brad won a National Talent Contest during Country Music Week in Hamilton in 1982. He spent 6 years maintaining his solo career before teaming up with his brother Ken to form The Johner Brothers in 1988...
and the band of Jason Plumb
Jason Plumb
Jason Plumb is a Canadian singer-songwriter who was the lead singer and front man of The Waltons. He currently performs as a solo singer-songwriter with a backing band called The Willing....
and the Willing. Brenda Baker is an award-winning Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
songwriter, performer as well as author.
Festivals and events
Festivals are times of celebration that offer a sense of belonging for religious, social, or geographical groups. Modern festivals focus on cultural or ethnic topics which seek to inform others of their traditions.
Chautauqua movement
Chautauqua
Chautauqua was an adult education movement in the United States, highly popular in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Chautauqua assemblies expanded and spread throughout rural America until the mid-1920s. The Chautauqua brought entertainment and culture for the whole community, with...
was an early pioneer traveling "tent show" of arts and entertainment Agricultural show
Agricultural show
An agricultural show is a public event showcasing the equipment, animals, sports and recreation associated with agriculture and animal husbandry. The largest comprise a livestock show , a trade fair, competitions, and entertainment...
s are public events showcasing the equipment, animals, sports and recreation associated with the occupations of agriculture and animal husbandry
Animal husbandry
Animal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.- History :Animal husbandry has been practiced for thousands of years, since the first domestication of animals....
. The largest of these comprise a Livestock show (a judged event or display in which breeding stock
Selective breeding
Selective breeding is the process of breeding plants and animals for particular genetic traits. Typically, strains that are selectively bred are domesticated, and the breeding is sometimes done by a professional breeder. Bred animals are known as breeds, while bred plants are known as varieties,...
is exhibited) a trade fair
Trade fair
A trade fair is an exhibition organized so that companies in a specific industry can showcase and demonstrate their latest products, service, study activities of rivals and examine recent market trends and opportunities...
and other competitions and entertainment which have been popular throughout the history of Saskatchewan
History of Saskatchewan
History of Saskatchewan encompasses the study of past human events and activities of the province of Saskatchewan, the middle of Canada's three prairie provinces. Archaeological studies give some clues as to the history and lifestyles of the Palaeo-Indian, Taltheilei, and Shield Archaic Traditions...
.
Craven Country Jamboree, The Saskatchewan Festival of Words
Saskatchewan Festival of Words
The Saskatchewan Festival of Words Inc. is a registered non-profit organization based in Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. Established in 1996, it promotes literacy and celebrates in various forms the imaginative use of words, written or oral, by Canadians...
in Moose Jaw, Saskatoon Fringe Festival, Saskatoon Jazz Festival, Saskatoon Children's Festival, Ness Creek Music Festival, the Regina Folk Festival, the North Battleford Crafts Fair, Regina's Cathedral Village Arts Festival, Northern Saskatchewan Games and Cultural Festival (NSGCF) and the Fort Qu'Appelle Midsummer Arts Festival are just a few of the several hundreds of community festivals held at various times throughout the province.
The Regina Arts Commission is just one of the many organisations formed to support festivals and their creation.
Food
Most traditions have a recognizable cuisineCuisine
Cuisine is a characteristic style of cooking practices and traditions, often associated with a specific culture. Cuisines are often named after the geographic areas or regions that they originate from...
, a specific set of cooking
Cooking
Cooking is the process of preparing food by use of heat. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions. Cooks themselves also vary widely in skill and training...
traditions, preferences, and practices, the study of which is known as food science (gastronomy
Gastronomy
Gastronomy is the art or science of food eating. Also, it can be defined as the study of food and culture, with a particular focus on gourmet cuisine...
). Pemmican
Pemmican
Pemmican is a concentrated mixture of fat and protein used as a nutritious food. The word comes from the Cree word pimîhkân, which itself is derived from the word pimî, "fat, grease". It was invented by the native peoples of North America...
and bannock
Bannock (food)
Bannock is a variety of flat quick bread. The word can also be applied to any large, round article baked or cooked from grain. When a round bannock is cut into wedges, the wedges are often called scones. But in Scotland, the words bannock and scone are often used interchangeably.-Scottish:"Bannock"...
are a few of the historical foods of the Cree first nation aboriginal peoples. Bannock is easy to prepare and combine with local berries, the dough can be cooked over the open fire suspended on willow stick, and tastes similar to biscuits. Early settlers survived by learning from the first nations which flora and fauna of the land were edible and how to prepare. Thereafter, the land was tilled, and agricultural practices and trading economies allowed each ethnic group to plant and cultivate the foods necessary for the recipes of their home land. Each ethnic group has brought their unique flavour and recipes to Saskatchewan and are celebrated today in Folk Festivals across the province.
Colleges and universities
The University of SaskatchewanUniversity of Saskatchewan
The University of Saskatchewan is a Canadian public research university, founded in 1907, and located on the east side of the South Saskatchewan River in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada. An "Act to establish and incorporate a University for the Province of Saskatchewan" was passed by the...
granted bachelor degrees in fine arts as early as the late 1940s.
People
- Campbell, MariaMaria CampbellMaria Campbell OC is a Métis author, playwright, broadcaster, filmmaker, and Elder. Campbell is a fluent speaker of four languages: Cree, Michif, Saulteaux, and English....
- playwright - Crofford, JoanneJoanne CroffordJoanne Crofford is a former MLA for Regina Rosemont, Saskatchewan, and a member of the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party.Crofford has lived and worked throughout Saskatchewan, including the North...
- Minister of CultureMinister of cultureA culture minister is a Cabinet position in some governments responsible for protecting the national heritage of a country and promoting cultural expression....
, Youth and Recreation - Neatby, Miss Hilda Marion AdaHilda NeatbyHilda Marion Ada Neatby, was a Canadian historian and educator.Born in Surrey, England, the daughter of Andrew Mossforth Neatby and Ada Deborah Fisher, she received a B.A. and M.A. from the University of Saskatchewan and a Ph.D. from the University of Minnesota...
, M.A.Master of Arts (postgraduate)A Master of Arts from the Latin Magister Artium, is a type of Master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The M.A. is usually contrasted with the M.S. or M.Sc. degrees...
, Ph.D. Professor of History and Acting Head of the Department, University of Saskatchewan, was appointed to the Royal Commission on National Development in the Arts, Letters, and Sciences, 1949. - Siggins, MaggieMaggie SigginsMaggie Siggins is a Canadian journalist and writer. She was a recipient of the 1992 Governor General's Award for Literary Merit for her non-fiction work Revenge of the Land: A Century of Greed, Tragedy and Murder on a Saskatchewan Farm...
- Canadian journalist - Spohr, ArnoldArnold SpohrArnold Theodore Spohr, was a Canadian ballet dancer, choreographer, and artistic director.Spohr was born in Rhein, Saskatchewan...
- Saskatchewan ballet dancer awarded Order of CanadaOrder of CanadaThe Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is, within the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada, the second highest honour for merit... - Stechishin, SavellaSavella StechishinSavella Stechishin, CM, SOM, née Wawryniuk , was a Ukrainian-Canadian home economist and writer, recipient of the Order of Canada...
- Ukrainian culture - Wagner, NormanNorman WagnerNorman Ernest Wagner, was a Canadian archeologist, professor and University president.Born in Edenwold, Saskatchewan, Wagner received a Bachelor of Arts and Master of Divinities from the University of Saskatchewan in 1958, a Master of Arts in 1960 and Ph.D. in Near Eastern Studies in 1965 from...
- Saskatchewan born - founded the School of Religion and Culture - Wettlaufer, BoydBoyd WettlauferBoyd Nicholas David Wettlaufer, CM was a Canadian archaeologist, considered as 'the Father of Saskatchewan Archaeology.' His groundbreaking archaeological work in western Canada is considered the foundation of our knowledge of the Northern Plains First Nations people.Wettlaufer was born in...
- "the Father of Saskatchewan Archaeology."
Provincial symbols
see main articles :Category:Provincial symbols of Saskatchewan | Coat of arms of SaskatchewanCoat of arms of Saskatchewan
The first part of the Coat of Arms of the Province of Saskatchewan , was the shield, which was assigned by royal warrant of King Edward VII on 25 August 1906. It uses the provincial colours, green and gold.On the gold chief is a lion passant or leopard, a royal symbol of England...
| Flag of Saskatchewan
Flag of Saskatchewan
The flag of Saskatchewan features the armorial bearings in the upper quarter nearest the staff, with the floral emblem, the western red lily, in the fly. The upper green half of the flag represents the northern Saskatchewan forest lands, while the gold lower half symbolizes the southern, prairie...
| Symbols of Saskatchewan
Symbols of Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is one of Canada's provinces, and has established several provincial symbols.-Symbols:...
Political economy
The largest contribution by politics to the culture of Saskatchewan was the introduction of medicare by Tommy DouglasTommy Douglas
Thomas Clement "Tommy" Douglas, was a Scottish-born Baptist minister who became a prominent Canadian social democratic politician...
Premier Douglas most notable achievement, the introduction of universal medicare legislation in 1961 to the province of Saskatchewan. In 1964, Justice Hall recommended the nationwide adoption of Saskatchewan's model of public health insurance.
Prizes and awards
see also Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of SaskatchewanCommemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan
The Commemorative Medal for the Centennial of Saskatchewan also called the Saskatchewan Centennial Medal is a commemorative medal struck to celebrate the first 100 years since Saskatchewan's entrance into Canadian Confederation....
| Saskatchewan Order of Merit
Saskatchewan Order of Merit
The Saskatchewan Order of Merit is a civilian honour for merit in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. Instituted in 1985 by Lieutenant Governor Frederick Johnson, on the advice of the Cabinet under Premier Grant Devine, the order is administered by the Governor-in-Council and is intended to...
| Saskatchewan Arts Board
Saskatchewan Arts Board
The Saskatchewan Arts Board is an arms-length funding agency that provides grants, programs and services to individuals and groups whose activities have an impact on the arts and the people of Saskatchewan...
| The Greatest Canadian
The Greatest Canadian
Officially launched on April 5, 2004, The Greatest Canadian was a television program series by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation to determine who is considered to be the greatest Canadian of all time, at least among those who watched and participated in the program...
| Governor General's Literary Awards
An award is given to a person or group of people of artistic or cultural merit to recognize excellence in a certain field such as the Pulitzer Prize
Pulitzer Prize
The Pulitzer Prize is a U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature and musical composition. It was established by American publisher Joseph Pulitzer and is administered by Columbia University in New York City...
for literary achievements.
Saskatchewan Arts Board
Saskatchewan Arts Board
The Saskatchewan Arts Board is an arms-length funding agency that provides grants, programs and services to individuals and groups whose activities have an impact on the arts and the people of Saskatchewan...
formed in 1948 to develop arts and recognition of artists in the province.
Sports
Sports in Saskatchewan
Sport in Saskatchewan include winter sports and games such as ice skating, speed skating, curling bonspiels, snowboarding, snow golf, broomball, ice hockey, badminton, and curling. Summer sports abound: among these are school track and field days, community rodeos, golf tournaments, and sporting...
| Sport in Saskatchewan | Soccer in Canada
Soccer in Canada
Association football, more commonly known in Canada as soccer, is the most popular sport in terms of participation rate. According to FIFA's Big Count, 2,695,712 people played in Canada in 2006.-Terminology:...
|
Curling
Curling
Curling is a sport in which players slide stones across a sheet of ice towards a target area. It is related to bowls, boule and shuffleboard. Two teams, each of four players, take turns sliding heavy, polished granite stones, also called "rocks", across the ice curling sheet towards the house, a...
is the official sport of Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan
Saskatchewan is a prairie province in Canada, which has an area of . Saskatchewan is bordered on the west by Alberta, on the north by the Northwest Territories, on the east by Manitoba, and on the south by the U.S. states of Montana and North Dakota....
, and was played here before the formation of the province in 1905. Curling ice rinks are the center of most Saskatchewan communities. The official national summer sport
Sport in Canada
Sports in Canada consists of a variety of games. Although there are many contests that Canada value, the most common are Ice hockey, Lacrosse, Canadian football, basketball, soccer, curling and baseball...
is lacrosse
Lacrosse
Lacrosse is a team sport of Native American origin played using a small rubber ball and a long-handled stick called a crosse or lacrosse stick, mainly played in the United States and Canada. It is a contact sport which requires padding. The head of the lacrosse stick is strung with loose mesh...
, which was invented by Aboriginal peoples
Aboriginal peoples in Canada
Aboriginal peoples in Canada comprise the First Nations, Inuit and Métis. The descriptors "Indian" and "Eskimo" have fallen into disuse in Canada and are commonly considered pejorative....
. Ice hockey
Ice hockey
Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
is official national winter sport.
Saskatchewan Roughriders
Saskatchewan Roughriders
The Saskatchewan Roughriders are a Canadian Football League team based in Regina, Saskatchewan. They were founded in 1910. They play their home games at 2940 10th Avenue in Regina, which has been the team's home base for its entire history, even prior to the construction of Mosaic Stadium at Taylor...
is the professional Canadian Football League
Canadian Football League
The Canadian Football League or CFL is a professional sports league located in Canada. The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football, a form of gridiron football closely related to American football....
sports team. The Roughriders are the most popular sports team in the province.
The highest level of hockey in the province are the teams of the Western Hockey League
Western Hockey League
The Western Hockey League is a major junior ice hockey league based in Western Canada and the Northwestern United States. The WHL is one of three leagues that constitute the Canadian Hockey League as the highest level of junior hockey in Canada...
: Moose Jaw Warriors
Moose Jaw Warriors
The Moose Jaw Warriors are a major junior ice hockey team of the Western Hockey League which are based out of Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan. The team plays its home games at Mosaic Place. The franchise moved to Moose Jaw from Winnipeg after the 1983–84 season, where they had previously been named the...
, Prince Albert Raiders
Prince Albert Raiders
The Prince Albert Raiders are a major junior ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League. The Raiders play in the East Division of the Eastern Conference. They are based in the Saskatchewan city of Prince Albert...
, Regina Pats
Regina Pats
The Regina Pats are a junior ice hockey team that plays in the Western Hockey League. The Pats are based out of Regina, Saskatchewan and the Brandt Centre is their home arena.-History:...
, Saskatoon Blades
Saskatoon Blades
The Saskatoon Blades are a junior ice hockey team in the Eastern Division of the Western Hockey League. They are based in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, playing at the 15,195 seat Credit Union Centre.-History:...
, and Swift Current Broncos
Swift Current Broncos
The Swift Current Broncos are a junior ice hockey team in the Western Hockey League. Founded during 1967 in Swift Current, Saskatchewan, the Broncos played seven seasons before relocating to Lethbridge from 1974 to 1986 as the Lethbridge Broncos...
. Many world class hockey athletes have roots in Saskatchewan, such as Gordie Howe
Gordie Howe
Gordon "Gordie" Howe, OC is a Canadian retired professional ice hockey player who played for the Detroit Red Wings and Hartford Whalers of the National Hockey League , and the Houston Aeros and New England Whalers in the World Hockey Association . Howe is often referred to as Mr...
, Bryan Trottier
Bryan Trottier
Bryan John Trottier is a retired Canadian-American professional ice hockey centre who played 18 seasons in the National Hockey League for the New York Islanders and Pittsburgh Penguins. He won four Stanley Cups with the Islanders, two with the Penguins and one as an assistant coach with the...
, Clark Gillies
Clark Gillies
Clark "Jethro" Gillies is a retired professional ice hockey player. He is a member of the Hockey Hall of Fame. He provided both physical presence and offensive punch for the NHL's New York Islanders during their four-year run as Stanley Cup champions. In a career that spanned 958 games, Gillies...
, Max Bentley
Max Bentley
Maxwell Herbert Lloyd Bentley was a Canadian ice hockey forward who played for the Chicago Black Hawks, Toronto Maple Leafs, and New York Rangers in the National Hockey League as part of a professional and senior career that spanned 20 years...
and Wendel Clark
Wendel Clark
Wendel L. Clark is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player. He is perhaps best known for being a member of the Toronto Maple Leafs of the National Hockey League , captaining the team from 1991 to 1994...
amongst several other National Hockey League
National Hockey League
The National Hockey League is an unincorporated not-for-profit association which operates a major professional ice hockey league of 30 franchised member clubs, of which 7 are currently located in Canada and 23 in the United States...
players.
There exist a few amateur baseball teams in the Western Major Baseball League
Western Major Baseball League
The Western Major Baseball League or WMBL is a collegiate summer baseball league. The league can trace its roots back to 1948, as it has gone by many names over the years, including the Alberta-Saskatchewan Baseball league, Western Canadian Baseball League and Saskatchewan Baseball League before...
. Soccer is currently making inroads as a fast growing sport. Saskatchewan hosts auto racing on the Saskatchewan International Raceway
Saskatchewan International Raceway
Saskatchewan International Raceway, also known as SIR, is a drag racing facility located 13 kilometers south of Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada...
drag racing course, Bridgecity Speedway in Saskatoon, and Kings' Park Speedway
Kings Park Speedway
Kings Park Speedway is an auto racing facility located north-east of Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada, operated by the Regina Auto Racing Club. The facility features a 1/3 mile high-banked paved oval with longer straights and tight turns, paper clip style track. It is primarily used for stock car...
of Regina, which both feature Thunderstock, and Streetstock racing. Bowling
Bowling
Bowling Bowling Bowling (1375–1425; late Middle English bowle, variant of boule Bowling (1375–1425; late Middle English bowle, variant of boule...
takes several forms in Saskatchewan, including ten-pin
Ten-pin bowling
Ten-pin bowling is a competitive sport in which a player rolls a bowling ball down a wooden or synthetic lane with the objective of scoring points by knocking down as many pins as possible.-Summary:The lane is bordered along its length by semicylindrical channels Ten-pin bowling (commonly just...
and lawn bowling
Bowls
Bowls is a sport in which the objective is to roll slightly asymmetric balls so that they stop close to a smaller "jack" or "kitty". It is played on a pitch which may be flat or convex or uneven...
, and Five-pin bowling
Five-pin bowling
Five-pin bowling is a bowling variant which is played only in Canada, where most bowling alleys offer it, either alone or in combination with ten-pin bowling. It was devised around 1909 by Thomas F. Ryan in Toronto, Ontario, at his Toronto Bowling Club, in response to customers who complained that...
. Golf is a widely enjoyed recreational sport across Saskatchewan and the golf courses feature cross country ski trails in the winter months.
Weyburn
Weyburn, Saskatchewan
Weyburn is a city in southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada. It is located on the Souris River southeast of the provincial capital of Regina and is north of the border with the United States. The name is reputedly a corruption of the Scottish "wee burn," referring to a small creek. The city is...
hosted the 2004 Saskatchewan Summer Games and Lloydminster the 2008 Saskatchewan Summer Games. Prince Albert
Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Prince Albert is the third-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated in the centre of the province on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River. The city is known as the "Gateway to the North" because it is the last major centre along the route to the resources of northern Saskatchewan...
hosted the 1993 North American Indigenous Games
North American Indigenous Games
The North American Indigenous Games is a multi-sport event involving indigenous North American athletes staged intermittently since 1990. The 2006 staging of the Games were managed by the Native American Sports Council, Inc., a non-profit member organization of the United States Olympic Committee...
and Saskatoon the 1971 Canada Winter Games
Canada Games
The Canada Games is a high-level multi-sport event with a National Artists Program held every two years in Canada, alternating between the Canada Winter Games and the Canada Summer Games. Athletes are strictly amateur only, and represent their province or territory.The Games were first held in 1967...
and 1989 Canada Summer Games. There are also university, junior, high school and recreational athletic teams and sports across Saskatchewan.
See also
- Culture in ReginaCulture in ReginaRegina, Saskatchewan has a rich cultural life in music, theatre and dance, amply supported by the substantial fine arts constituency at the University of Regina, which has a large fine arts department including faculties of music and theatre. At various times this has attracted notable artistic...
- Greek CanadiansGreek CanadiansGreek Canadians are Canadian citizens of Greek origin, also known as Hellenic origin. According to the 2006 Canadian census, there were 242,685 Canadians who claimed Greek ethnicity.- Authors :...
- Canadians of Welsh descent
- Swedish Canadian
- French CanadianFrench CanadianFrench Canadian or Francophone Canadian, , generally refers to the descendents of French colonists who arrived in New France in the 17th and 18th centuries...
- List of mammals of Saskatchewan
- List of provincial and territorial nicknames in Canada
External links
- Virtual Saskatchewan - Aboriginal Culture
- SaskCulture Home Page
- Culture Youth and Recreation | Home
- Arts and culture in Saskatchewan Canada
- FRANCOPHONE CULTURE CELEBRATED IN SASKATCHEWAN - Government of ...
- Heritage and Museums Market Study Museums Association of Saskatchewan Saskatchewan Culture, Youth ...
- The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Arts and Culture
- Saskatchewan Arts Board
- North Saskatchewan Heritage
- The Saskatchewan Book Awards Home Page
- The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan Literature
- Siemens Canadian Literary Awards and Prizes, from The Encyclopedia of Literature in Canada
- Saskatchewan Arts Board - Tansi & Welcome to the Artsboard
- Aboriginal Canada Portal: Saskatchewan – Language, Heritage and ...
- Shortstuff Productions Prince AlbertPrince Albert, SaskatchewanPrince Albert is the third-largest city in Saskatchewan, Canada. It is situated in the centre of the province on the banks of the North Saskatchewan River. The city is known as the "Gateway to the North" because it is the last major centre along the route to the resources of northern Saskatchewan...
- Globe Theatre Home Page ReginaRegina, SaskatchewanRegina is the capital city of the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. The city is the second-largest in the province and a cultural and commercial centre for southern Saskatchewan. It is governed by Regina City Council. Regina is the cathedral city of the Roman Catholic and Romanian Orthodox...
- Regina Little Theatres
- Regina: Lyric Light Opera Society, Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon: 25th Street Theatre Centre, Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon: Persephone Theatre, Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon: Saskatchewan Native Theatre Company
- Saskatoon: Shakespeare on Saskatchewan Festival, Saskatchewan
- The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan: Tbeatre Saskatchewan
- Saskatoon Gateway Players
- Saskatoon Gateway Players
- Prince Albert Community Players
- Canadian Theatre Encyclopedia
- The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details Storer, Effie Laurie (1867–1948)
- The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan | Details | Competitive Games