Dynamo Sports Club
Encyclopedia
Dinamo, also Dynamo, is the oldest sports and physical training (fitness) society that was created in 1923.
: δύναμις; dynamis -power, and Latin
: motio, -motion. Not coincidentally, this term was first coined earlier by a German inventor Ernst Werner von Siemens
(1816 - 1892) for the electrical generator
. Dynamo, together with Armed Forces sports society and Voluntary Sports Societies made up the universal system of physical education and sports of the USSR. 45 sports disciplines were cultivated in the society in 1971. It had some 6,000 sports constructions and 43 Children and Youth Sport Schools.
(GPU), the Soviet political police, the predecessor of other later created Soviet security structures such as KGB
, NKVD
and MVD. For the rest of the society's history in the Soviet period, it maintained some connection with the state security apparatus. Many prominent athletes who competed under the Dinamo flag were formally ranked MVD or KGB officers drawing corresponding salaries, able to be reactivated for operations against the countries they toured in the course of their sporting travels.
The name of the society also became well-known internationally through many clubs in various sports, initially created under the auspecies of the Soviet Dynamo society (only a partial list of sports includes football (soccer)
, bandy
, ice hockey
, basketball
, volleyball
, handball
) or just bore the name "Dynamo", with many such clubs attaining much international acclaim, such as in football: Dinamo Baku, FC Dinamo Bucureşti, FC Dynamo Kyiv
, FC Dynamo Moscow
, FC Dinamo Tbilisi
, FC Dinamo Minsk, FC Dinamo Brest
, NK Dinamo Zagreb (Croatia
), Sportvereinigung Dynamo (Germany
: including Berliner FC Dynamo
and Dynamo Dresden
), in ice hockey: HC Dynamo Moscow
, Dynamo Kyiv (now Sokil Kyiv), HC Dinamo Minsk
, and Dinamo Riga. When, following the Second World War, the pro-Soviet governments were installed in much of the Eastern Europe
, the similarly named clubs were created in many countries of what became an Eastern bloc
. Many clubs, now transformed into the regular private clubs of their respective national leagues, still function under their original Dinamo or Dynamo name but their history is the only connection with the old Dynamo society.
, Azerbaijan
, Belarus
, Bulgaria
, Georgia
, Kazakhstan
, Kyrgyzstan
, Latvia
, Moldova
, Romania
, Tajikistan
, Turkmenistan
, and Ukraine
.
In 1937 the Dynamo sports society was awarded the Order of Lenin
.
Name
The name given to the society was supposed to mean "Power in Motion" from GreekGreek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
: δύναμις; dynamis -power, and Latin
Latin
Latin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
: motio, -motion. Not coincidentally, this term was first coined earlier by a German inventor Ernst Werner von Siemens
Ernst Werner von Siemens
Ernst Werner Siemens, von Siemens since 1888, was a German inventor and industrialist. Siemens' name has been adopted as the SI unit of electrical conductance, the siemens...
(1816 - 1892) for the electrical generator
Electrical generator
In electricity generation, an electric generator is a device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy. A generator forces electric charge to flow through an external electrical circuit. It is analogous to a water pump, which causes water to flow...
. Dynamo, together with Armed Forces sports society and Voluntary Sports Societies made up the universal system of physical education and sports of the USSR. 45 sports disciplines were cultivated in the society in 1971. It had some 6,000 sports constructions and 43 Children and Youth Sport Schools.
Historical overlook
The "Dinamo" society was officially created on April 18, 1923 on Felix Dzerzhinsky's initiative and under the sponsorship of the State Political DirectorateState Political Directorate
The State Political Directorate was the secret police of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and the Soviet Union from 1922 until 1934...
(GPU), the Soviet political police, the predecessor of other later created Soviet security structures such as KGB
KGB
The KGB was the commonly used acronym for the . It was the national security agency of the Soviet Union from 1954 until 1991, and was the premier internal security, intelligence, and secret police organization during that time.The State Security Agency of the Republic of Belarus currently uses the...
, NKVD
NKVD
The People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs was the public and secret police organization of the Soviet Union that directly executed the rule of power of the Soviets, including political repression, during the era of Joseph Stalin....
and MVD. For the rest of the society's history in the Soviet period, it maintained some connection with the state security apparatus. Many prominent athletes who competed under the Dinamo flag were formally ranked MVD or KGB officers drawing corresponding salaries, able to be reactivated for operations against the countries they toured in the course of their sporting travels.
The name of the society also became well-known internationally through many clubs in various sports, initially created under the auspecies of the Soviet Dynamo society (only a partial list of sports includes football (soccer)
Football (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...
, bandy
Bandy
Bandy is a team winter sport played on ice, in which skaters use sticks to direct a ball into the opposing team's goal.The rules of the game have many similarities to those of association football: the game is played on a rectangle of ice the same size as a football field. Each team has 11 players,...
, ice hockey
Ice hockey
Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
, basketball
Basketball
Basketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
, volleyball
Volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules.The complete rules are extensive...
, handball
Team handball
Handball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each pass a ball to throw it into the goal of the other team...
) or just bore the name "Dynamo", with many such clubs attaining much international acclaim, such as in football: Dinamo Baku, FC Dinamo Bucureşti, FC Dynamo Kyiv
FC Dynamo Kyiv
FC Dynamo Kyiv is a professional football club based in the Ukrainian capital city of Kyiv. Founded in 1927, the club currently participates in the Ukrainian Premier League and has spent its entire history in the top league of Soviet and later Ukrainian football...
, FC Dynamo Moscow
FC Dynamo Moscow
Dynamo Moscow is a Russian football club based in Moscow, currently playing in the Russian Premier League. Dynamo's traditional kit colours are blue and white...
, FC Dinamo Tbilisi
FC Dinamo Tbilisi
FC Dinamo Tbilisi is a Georgian football team, based in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia.Dinamo Tbilisi was one of the most prominent clubs in Soviet football and a major contender in the Soviet Top League almost immediately after it was established in 1936...
, FC Dinamo Minsk, FC Dinamo Brest
FC Dinamo Brest
FC Dinamo Brest is a Belarusian football club based in Brest. They play in the Belarusian Premier League, the top division in Belarusian football.-Name changes:*1960: founded as Spartak Brest*1972: renamed to Bug Brest...
, NK Dinamo Zagreb (Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
), Sportvereinigung Dynamo (Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
: including Berliner FC Dynamo
Berliner FC Dynamo
Berliner FC Dynamo is a German association football club and is the successor organization to the club that played in East Berlin as Dynamo Berlin from 1953 to 1966.-Founding and Stasi patronage:...
and Dynamo Dresden
Dynamo Dresden
SG Dynamo Dresden are a German association football club, based in Dresden, Saxony. They were founded in 1950, as a club affiliated with the East German police, and became one of the most popular and successful clubs in East German football, winning eight league titles...
), in ice hockey: HC Dynamo Moscow
HC Dynamo Moscow
HC Dynamo Moscow was a Russian professional ice hockey club based in Moscow. They were members of the Bobrov Division in the Kontinental Hockey League...
, Dynamo Kyiv (now Sokil Kyiv), HC Dinamo Minsk
HC Dinamo Minsk
Dinamo Minsk is an ice hockey team based in Minsk, Belarus. They are members of the Tarasov Division of the Kontinental Hockey League.Dinamo has qualified for the KHL playoffs only once, during the 2010-11 KHL season....
, and Dinamo Riga. When, following the Second World War, the pro-Soviet governments were installed in much of the Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe
Eastern Europe is the eastern part of Europe. The term has widely disparate geopolitical, geographical, cultural and socioeconomic readings, which makes it highly context-dependent and even volatile, and there are "almost as many definitions of Eastern Europe as there are scholars of the region"...
, the similarly named clubs were created in many countries of what became an Eastern bloc
Eastern bloc
The term Eastern Bloc or Communist Bloc refers to the former communist states of Eastern and Central Europe, generally the Soviet Union and the countries of the Warsaw Pact...
. Many clubs, now transformed into the regular private clubs of their respective national leagues, still function under their original Dinamo or Dynamo name but their history is the only connection with the old Dynamo society.
Structure
Currently Dynamo is the All-Russian fitness-sports society based in Moscow. The society also has several affiliations abroad in ArmeniaArmenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
, Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan
Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
, Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
, Bulgaria
Bulgaria
Bulgaria , officially the Republic of Bulgaria , is a parliamentary democracy within a unitary constitutional republic in Southeast Europe. The country borders Romania to the north, Serbia and Macedonia to the west, Greece and Turkey to the south, as well as the Black Sea to the east...
, Georgia
Georgia (country)
Georgia is a sovereign state in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded to the west by the Black Sea, to the north by Russia, to the southwest by Turkey, to the south by Armenia, and to the southeast by Azerbaijan. The capital of...
, Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan
Kazakhstan , officially the Republic of Kazakhstan, is a transcontinental country in Central Asia and Eastern Europe. Ranked as the ninth largest country in the world, it is also the world's largest landlocked country; its territory of is greater than Western Europe...
, Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan
Kyrgyzstan , officially the Kyrgyz Republic is one of the world's six independent Turkic states . Located in Central Asia, landlocked and mountainous, Kyrgyzstan is bordered by Kazakhstan to the north, Uzbekistan to the west, Tajikistan to the southwest and China to the east...
, Latvia
Latvia
Latvia , officially the Republic of Latvia , is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by Estonia , to the south by Lithuania , to the east by the Russian Federation , to the southeast by Belarus and shares maritime borders to the west with Sweden...
, Moldova
Moldova
Moldova , officially the Republic of Moldova is a landlocked state in Eastern Europe, located between Romania to the West and Ukraine to the North, East and South. It declared itself an independent state with the same boundaries as the preceding Moldavian Soviet Socialist Republic in 1991, as part...
, Romania
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
, Tajikistan
Tajikistan
Tajikistan , officially the Republic of Tajikistan , is a mountainous landlocked country in Central Asia. Afghanistan borders it to the south, Uzbekistan to the west, Kyrgyzstan to the north, and China to the east....
, Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan
Turkmenistan , formerly also known as Turkmenia is one of the Turkic states in Central Asia. Until 1991, it was a constituent republic of the Soviet Union, the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic . Turkmenistan is one of the six independent Turkic states...
, and Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
.
In 1937 the Dynamo sports society was awarded the Order of Lenin
Order of Lenin
The Order of Lenin , named after the leader of the Russian October Revolution, was the highest decoration bestowed by the Soviet Union...
.
Notable members
- Ludmilla TourischevaLudmilla TourischevaLudmilla Ivanovna Tourischeva is a former Russian gymnast and a nine-time Olympic medalist for the Soviet Union.Tourischeva began gymnastics in 1965 and began competing for the Soviet team as early as in 1967...
(artistic gymnasticsArtistic gymnasticsArtistic gymnastics is a discipline of gymnastics where gymnasts perform short routines on different apparatus, with less time for vaulting . The sport is governed by the Federation Internationale de Gymnastique , which designs the Code of Points and regulates all aspects of international elite...
) - Viktor SaneyevViktor SaneyevViktor Saneyev is a retired triple jumper, who competed internationally for the USSR and won four Olympic medals; three golds and one silver . He was born in Sukhumi, Georgian SSR. He dominated the event during the late 1960s and 1970s...
(athletics) - Tatiana Ovechkina (basketballBasketballBasketball is a team sport in which two teams of five players try to score points by throwing or "shooting" a ball through the top of a basketball hoop while following a set of rules...
) - Aleksandr TikhonovAleksandr TikhonovAlexander Ivanovich Tikhonov is a retired Russian biathlete who represented the USSR. Tikhonov trained at Dynamo in Novosibirsk. He is one of the most successful biathletes of all time, with nine world championship gold medals and four Olympic gold medals...
(biathlonBiathlonBiathlon is a term used to describe any sporting event made up of two disciplines. However, biathlon usually refers specifically to the winter sport that combines cross-country skiing and rifle shooting...
) - Valeri PopenchenkoValeri PopenchenkoValeri Vladimirovich Popenchenko was an amateur boxer from the Soviet Union, who competed in the Middleweight division during his career, winning 200 of his 213 fights....
(boxingBoxingBoxing, also called pugilism, is a combat sport in which two people fight each other using their fists. Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of between one to three minute intervals called rounds...
) - Uladzimir Parfianovich (canoeingCanoeingCanoeing is an outdoor activity that involves a special kind of canoe.Open canoes may be 'poled' , sailed, 'lined and tracked' or even 'gunnel-bobbed'....
) - Vyacheslav VedeninVyacheslav VedeninVyacheslav Petrovitch Vedenin was a Soviet cross country skier who competed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, training at Dynamo in Moscow.He won the 50 km silver at the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble...
(cross-country skiingCross-country skiingCross-country skiing is a winter sport in which participants propel themselves across snow-covered terrain using skis and poles...
) - Gintautas UmarasGintautas UmarasGintautas Umaras is a retired track and road racing cyclist from Lithuania, who represented the USSR at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. There he won the gold medal in the men's 4 km individual pursuit and in the men's team pursuit, alongside Vyacheslav Ekimov, Dmitry Nelyubin...
(cyclingCyclingCycling, also called bicycling or biking, is the use of bicycles for transport, recreation, or for sport. Persons engaged in cycling are cyclists or bicyclists...
) - Alexandr RomankovAlexandr RomankovAlexandr Romankov is a former fencer from the former Soviet Union, who was born November 7, 1953 in the town of Korsakov on the island of Sakhalin . One of the most successful Soviet fencers, he is also regarded by some as the greatest foilist of the 20th century...
(fencingFencingFencing, which is also known as modern fencing to distinguish it from historical fencing, is a family of combat sports using bladed weapons.Fencing is one of four sports which have been featured at every one of the modern Olympic Games...
) - Aleksandr Gorshkov (figure skatingFigure skatingFigure skating is an Olympic sport in which individuals, pairs, or groups perform spins, jumps, footwork and other intricate and challenging moves on ice skates. Figure skaters compete at various levels from beginner up to the Olympic level , and at local, national, and international competitions...
) - Lev YashinLev YashinLev Ivanovich Yashin nicknamed as "The Black Spider", was a Soviet-Russian football goalkeeper, considered by many to be the greatest goalkeeper in the history of the game. He was known for his superior athleticism in goal, imposing stature, amazing reflex saves and inventing the idea of...
(footballFootball (soccer)Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...
) - Vyacheslav AtavinVyacheslav AtavinVyacheslav Vladimirovich Atavin is a former Soviet and Russian handball player.During the Soviet period of his career Atavin trained at Dynamo in Astrakhan. He became the Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR in 1988 and competed for the USSR National Team between 1988 and 1991. In 1988 he won...
(handballTeam handballHandball is a team sport in which two teams of seven players each pass a ball to throw it into the goal of the other team...
) - Aleksandr MaltsevAleksandr MaltsevAleksandr Nikolayevich Maltsev is a retired Soviet ice hockey right winger.Maltsev played for Dynamo Moscow in the Soviet League for 530 games from 1967 to 1984...
(ice hockeyIce hockeyIce hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
) - Viktor KosichkinViktor KosichkinViktor Ivanovich Kosichkin is a former speed skater who competed for the Soviet Union.Viktor Kosichkin trained at Dynamo. He participated in the 1960 Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley. On the 5,000 m, held on his 22nd birthday, he gave himself a great birthday gift by winning gold, while the...
(speed skatingSpeed skatingSpeed skating, or speedskating is a competitive form of ice skating in which the competitors race each other in traveling a certain distance on skates. Types of speed skating are long track speed skating, short track speed skating, and marathon speed skating...
) - Igor PolyanskyIgor Polyansky"Polyansky" redirects here. For other people with the same name, see disambiguation page Igor Polyanski.Igor Nikolaevich Polyansky is a former backstroke swimmer from the USSR. He is married and has a son and a daughter living in New Zealand.Polyansky trained at Dynamo in Novosibirsk...
(swimmingSwimming (sport)Swimming is a sport governed by the Fédération Internationale de Natation .-History: Competitive swimming in Europe began around 1800 BCE, mostly in the form of the freestyle. In 1873 Steve Bowyer introduced the trudgen to Western swimming competitions, after copying the front crawl used by Native...
) - Alex MetreveliAlex MetreveliAlexander Metreveli is a retired Soviet amateur tennis player.Metreveli is probably best known for making the final at Wimbledon in 1973, where he lost to Jan Kodeš of Czechoslovakia...
(tennisTennisTennis is a sport usually played between two players or between two teams of two players each . Each player uses a racket that is strung to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt over a net into the opponent's court. Tennis is an Olympic sport and is played at all levels of society at all...
) - Yury Zakharevich (weightliftingPowerliftingPowerlifting is a strength sport. It resembles the sport of Olympic weightlifting, as both disciplines involve lifting weights in three attempts. Powerlifting evolved from a sport known as 'odd lifts' which followed the same three attempt format but used a wide variety of events akin to Strongman...
) - Sergei BeloglazovSergei BeloglazovSergei Alekseevich Beloglazov is one of the greatest modern wrestlers. He trained at the Armed Forces sports society in Kaliningrad in 1976-77 and at Dynamo in Kiev since 1979. He was a two-time Olympic Champion in 1980 and 1988, a six-time World Champion and a World Silver medalist...
(wrestlingFreestyle wrestlingFreestyle wrestling is a style of amateur wrestling that is practised throughout the world. Along with Greco-Roman, it is one of the two styles of wrestling contested in the Olympic games. It is, along with track and field, one of the oldest organized sports in history...
)
See also
- FC Dinamo Kiev
- FC Dinamo Minsk
- FC Dinamo Moscow
- FC Dinamo TbilisiFC Dinamo TbilisiFC Dinamo Tbilisi is a Georgian football team, based in Tbilisi, the capital of Georgia.Dinamo Tbilisi was one of the most prominent clubs in Soviet football and a major contender in the Soviet Top League almost immediately after it was established in 1936...
- SV DynamoSV DynamoThe Sports Club Dynamo was the sport organization of the security agencies of former East Germany. The sports club was founded on 27 March 1953 and was headquartered in Hohenschönhausen in East Berlin...
- Voluntary Sports Societies of the USSR