Exocarpos
Encyclopedia
Exocarpos is a genus of flowering
shrub
s and small tree
s in the sandalwood
family, Santalaceae
. They are found throughout Southeast Asia
, Australia
and the Pacific Islands
.
They are semi-parasitic
, requiring the roots of a host tree, a trait they share with many other members of the Santalaceae.
In Australia, they are known as ballarts.
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
shrub
Shrub
A shrub or bush is distinguished from a tree by its multiple stems and shorter height, usually under 5–6 m tall. A large number of plants may become either shrubs or trees, depending on the growing conditions they experience...
s and small tree
Tree
A tree is a perennial woody plant. It is most often defined as a woody plant that has many secondary branches supported clear of the ground on a single main stem or trunk with clear apical dominance. A minimum height specification at maturity is cited by some authors, varying from 3 m to...
s in the sandalwood
Santalum
Santalum is a genus of woody flowering plants, the best known and commercially valuable of which is the Indian Sandalwood tree, S. album. Members of the genus are trees or shrubs. Most are root parasites which photosynthesize their own food but tap the roots of other species for water and...
family, Santalaceae
Santalaceae
Santalaceae is a widely distributed family of flowering plants which, like other members of Santalales, are partially parasitic on other plants...
. They are found throughout Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia
Southeast Asia, South-East Asia, South East Asia or Southeastern Asia is a subregion of Asia, consisting of the countries that are geographically south of China, east of India, west of New Guinea and north of Australia. The region lies on the intersection of geological plates, with heavy seismic...
, Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
and the Pacific Islands
Pacific Islands
The Pacific Islands comprise 20,000 to 30,000 islands in the Pacific Ocean. The islands are also sometimes collectively called Oceania, although Oceania is sometimes defined as also including Australasia and the Malay Archipelago....
.
They are semi-parasitic
Parasitic plant
A parasitic plant is one that derives some or all of its sustenance from another plant. About 4,100 species in approximately 19 families of flowering plants are known. Parasitic plants have a modified root, the haustorium, that penetrates the host plant and connects to the xylem, phloem, or...
, requiring the roots of a host tree, a trait they share with many other members of the Santalaceae.
In Australia, they are known as ballarts.
Exocarpos species
- Exocarpos aphyllus R.Br.Robert Brown (botanist)Robert Brown was a Scottish botanist and palaeobotanist who made important contributions to botany largely through his pioneering use of the microscope...
- Leafless Ballart - Exocarpos cupressiformis Labill.Jacques LabillardièreJacques-Julien Houtou de Labillardière was a French naturalist noted for his descriptions of the flora of Australia. Labillardière was a member of a voyage in search of the La Pérouse expedition...
- Cherry Ballart - Exocarpos dasystachys Schltdl.Diederich Franz Leonhard von SchlechtendalDiederich von Schlechtendal was a German botanist born in Xanten. He was Professor of Botany and Director of the Botanical Gardens at the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg from 1833 until his death in 1866, and Editor of the botanical journal Linnaea.His most important work was in...
- Exocarpos floribunda DominKarel DominKarel Domin was a Czech botanist and politician.After gymnasium school studies in Příbram, he studied botany at the Charles University in Prague, and graduated in 1906. In 1916 he was named as professor of botany. Domin specialised in phytogeography, geobotany and plant taxonomy...
- Exocarpos gaudichaudiiExocarpos gaudichaudiiExocarpos gaudichaudii is a species of plant in the Santalaceae family. It is endemic to Hawaii. It is threatened by habitat loss.-Source:...
A.DC. - Hulumoa (HawaiiHawaiiHawaii is the newest of the 50 U.S. states , and is the only U.S. state made up entirely of islands. It is the northernmost island group in Polynesia, occupying most of an archipelago in the central Pacific Ocean, southwest of the continental United States, southeast of Japan, and northeast of...
) - Exocarpos glandulacea Miq.Friedrich Anton Wilhelm MiquelFriedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel was a Dutch botanist.He was head of the botanical gardens at Rotterdam , Amsterdam and Utrecht . He directed the Rijksherbarium at Leiden from 1862...
- Exocarpos homalocladus C.Moore & F.Muell.Ferdinand von MuellerBaron Sir Ferdinand Jacob Heinrich von Mueller, KCMG was a German-Australian physician, geographer, and most notably, a botanist.-Early life:...
- Grass Tree - Exocarpos humifusa R.Br.
- Exocarpos latifolius R.Br. - Broad-leaved Cherry
- Exocarpos leptomerioides Miq.
- Exocarpos luteolusExocarpos luteolusExocarpos luteolus is a rare species of flowering plant in the sandalwood family known by the common name heau. It is endemic to Hawaii, where it is known only from the island of Kauai. There are eight populations remaining, for a total global population of only 39 individuals...
ForbesForbesForbes is an American publishing and media company. Its flagship publication, the Forbes magazine, is published biweekly. Its primary competitors in the national business magazine category are Fortune, which is also published biweekly, and Business Week...
- Heau (Island of KauaiKauaiKauai or Kauai, known as Tauai in the ancient Kaua'i dialect, is geologically the oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands. With an area of , it is the fourth largest of the main islands in the Hawaiian archipelago, and the 21st largest island in the United States. Known also as the "Garden Isle",...
in Hawaii) - Exocarpos menziesii StaufferStaufferStauffer is a German surname whose origin is the occupational name for a maker or seller of beakers or mugsStauffer may refer to:* Stauffer Chemical, a chemical company of the United States which manufactured herbicides...
- Heau (Hawaii) - Exocarpos nanus Hook.f.Joseph Dalton HookerSir Joseph Dalton Hooker OM, GCSI, CB, MD, FRS was one of the greatest British botanists and explorers of the 19th century. Hooker was a founder of geographical botany, and Charles Darwin's closest friend...
- Alpine Ballart - Exocarpos odoratus (Miq.) A.DC. - Scented Ballart
- Exocarpos pendula F.Muell.
- Exocarpos sparteusExocarpos sparteusExocarpos sparteus is an Australian endemic plant species, commonly known as the Broom Ballart or native cherry. The species is found in all states of mainland Australia.-Description:...
R.Br. - Broom Ballart - Exocarpos strictusExocarpos strictusExocarpos strictus is an adaptably versatile, densely thicketing, erect shrub bearing cherry-like fruit, that is native to parts of Australia . It is sometimes also referred to as the Dwarf Cherry, a name more commonly used for Prunus fruticosa or Prunus pumila, true cherries. E...
R.Br. - Pale-fruit Ballart - Exocarpos syrticola (F.Muell. ex Miq.) Stauffer