Hairstyling product
Encyclopedia
Hairstyling products are used to change the texture or shape of the hair, or to hold it in place in a certain style. Applied properly, most styling products will not damage the hair apart from drying it out; most styling products contain alcohols, which can dissolve oils. Many hair products contain chemicals which can cause build-up, resulting in dull hair or a change in perceived texture.
Hair wax is a thick hairstyling product containing wax
, used to assist with holding the hair. It does not harden like products such as hair gel
, but remains pliable. Hair wax has been used for many years. In fact, a waxy soap-like substance was invented by the ancient Gaul
s as a hair styling agent and was not used as a cleaning agent until many years later. Hair wax is currently experiencing an increase in popularity, with many manufacturers releasing versions, referred to as pomade
, putty, glue, whip, and styling paste.
Apply to hair when hair is wet or damp, not dry. Apply all around and comb hair afterwards to make sure that the mousse is evenly spread.
Hair mousse is purple inside the can, but when released the isobutylene
makes it an off-shade white.
Pomade (also called pomatum) is a greasy or waxy substance that is used to style hair
. Pomade makes hair look slick and shiny. Unlike hair spray
and hair gel
, pomade does not dry and often takes several washes to remove - a special shampoo
, though, may be used. Other de-greasers include olive oil
, dish washing liquid and lemon juice
.
Most pomades contain petroleum jelly
(and in fact petroleum jelly
can be used alone as a pomade) and mineral oil
, and many also contain some sort of wax
. They may also contain perfume
and coloring agents
. A plethora of pomades are still in production today and vary in factors such as weight, shine and scent. The stiffest will have a higher proportion of beeswax
while the lightest may have a higher proportion of oils.
Hair gel is a hairstyling product that is used to stiffen hair
into a particular hairstyle
. The results it produces are usually similar to but stronger than those of hair spray
and weaker than those of hair glue or hair wax
.
that is used to keep hair
stiff or in a certain style. Weaker than hair gel
, hair wax
, or glue, it is sprayed to hold styles for a long period. Using a pump
or aerosol spray
nozzle
, it sprays evenly over the hair. May leave hair feeling "crunchy" unless brushed out. Hair spray was first developed and manufactured in 1948 by Chase Products Company, based in Broadview
, Illinois
.
Its active ingredient is a suitable polymer or the chemical elastesse. Elastesse is a form of liquid elastic that keeps the hair stiff and firm without snapping.
The solvent
used was once a compound
of carbon
, fluorine
, and chlorine
(a chlorofluorocarbon
, or CFC). CFC
s are nontoxic, nonflammable, and make almost ideal aerosol
propellants. However, when it was learned that they cause destruction of stratospheric ozone, they were replaced with other solvents, like alcohols and hydrocarbons.
One of the polymers used is polyvinylpyrrolidine, which is also used to glue the layers of wood in plywood together. A non-water soluble polymer called polydimethylsiloxane
is added to make the hold last a bit longer (the polyvinylpyrrolidine is water soluble). Pytocalcious chemicals are another family of ingredients in hair spray, which increase the amount of minerals in the hair's root causing the hair to become stiff.
Other polymers used in plastic-based hairsprays are copolymers with vinyl acetate
and copolymers with maleic anhydride
.
Some hair sprays use natural polymers and solvents like vegetable gums dissolved in alcohol
. One popular ingedient is gum arabic
is made from the sap of certain trees that grow in the Sudan
. Gum tragacanth
is another herbal gum that is used to stiffen calico and crepe
, as well as hair.
Hair volumizers contains humectants which work by attracting moisture from the surrounding areas to the hair strand, thereby swelling the hair and making it look thicker. Various polymers present in the volumizer, coat the hair strand making it look thicker and shiny.
Shampoo and conditioner forms of the volumizers are used just like ordinary shampoo or conditioners. The spray and lotion form of volumizers are used in damp hair, near the roots of the hair; the person flips her/his head downwards and gradually blow dries the hair, with the air being blown along the shaft of the hair; once hair are dry the person can flip his/her head up.
, hair tonic, and heat protection spray.
Hair wax
Wax
thumb|right|[[Cetyl palmitate]], a typical wax ester.Wax refers to a class of chemical compounds that are plastic near ambient temperatures. Characteristically, they melt above 45 °C to give a low viscosity liquid. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in organic, nonpolar solvents...
, used to assist with holding the hair. It does not harden like products such as hair gel
Hair gel
Hair gel is a hairstyling product that is used to stiffen hair into a particular hairstyle. The results it produces are usually similar to, but stronger than, those of hair spray and hair wax, and weaker than those of hair glue.-Types:...
, but remains pliable. Hair wax has been used for many years. In fact, a waxy soap-like substance was invented by the ancient Gaul
Gaul
Gaul was a region of Western Europe during the Iron Age and Roman era, encompassing present day France, Luxembourg and Belgium, most of Switzerland, the western part of Northern Italy, as well as the parts of the Netherlands and Germany on the left bank of the Rhine. The Gauls were the speakers of...
s as a hair styling agent and was not used as a cleaning agent until many years later. Hair wax is currently experiencing an increase in popularity, with many manufacturers releasing versions, referred to as pomade
Pomade
Pomade is a greasy or waxy substance that is used to style hair. Pomade makes hair look slick and shiny. Unlike hair spray and hair gel, pomade does not dry and often takes several washes to remove...
, putty, glue, whip, and styling paste.
Hair mousse
Hair mousse is a toiletry added to hair for extra volume and shine. It often comes in either spray or cream form. It adds volume without any clumps or buildup.Apply to hair when hair is wet or damp, not dry. Apply all around and comb hair afterwards to make sure that the mousse is evenly spread.
Hair mousse is purple inside the can, but when released the isobutylene
Isobutylene
Isobutylene is a hydrocarbon of significant industrial importance. It is a four-carbon branched alkene , one of the four isomers of butylene. At standard temperature and pressure it is a colorless flammable gas.-Uses:...
makes it an off-shade white.
Pomade
Hair
Hair is a filamentous biomaterial, that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Found exclusively in mammals, hair is one of the defining characteristics of the mammalian class....
. Pomade makes hair look slick and shiny. Unlike hair spray
Hair spray
Hair spray is a common cosmetic product that is sprayed onto hair to keep it stiff or in a certain style...
and hair gel
Hair gel
Hair gel is a hairstyling product that is used to stiffen hair into a particular hairstyle. The results it produces are usually similar to, but stronger than, those of hair spray and hair wax, and weaker than those of hair glue.-Types:...
, pomade does not dry and often takes several washes to remove - a special shampoo
Shampoo
Shampoo is a hair care product used for the removal of oils, dirt, skin particles, dandruff, environmental pollutants and other contaminant particles that gradually build up in hair...
, though, may be used. Other de-greasers include olive oil
Olive oil
Olive oil is an oil obtained from the olive , a traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. It is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps and as a fuel for traditional oil lamps...
, dish washing liquid and lemon juice
Lemon juice
The lemon fruit, from a citrus plant, provides a useful liquid when squeezed. Lemon juice, either in natural strength or concentrated, is sold as a bottled product, usually with the addition of preservatives and a small amount of lemon oil.-Uses:...
.
Most pomades contain petroleum jelly
Petroleum jelly
Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum or soft paraffin, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons , originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties...
(and in fact petroleum jelly
Petroleum jelly
Petroleum jelly, petrolatum, white petrolatum or soft paraffin, CAS number 8009-03-8, is a semi-solid mixture of hydrocarbons , originally promoted as a topical ointment for its healing properties...
can be used alone as a pomade) and mineral oil
Mineral oil
A mineral oil is any of various colorless, odorless, light mixtures of alkanes in the C15 to C40 range from a non-vegetable source, particularly a distillate of petroleum....
, and many also contain some sort of wax
Wax
thumb|right|[[Cetyl palmitate]], a typical wax ester.Wax refers to a class of chemical compounds that are plastic near ambient temperatures. Characteristically, they melt above 45 °C to give a low viscosity liquid. Waxes are insoluble in water but soluble in organic, nonpolar solvents...
. They may also contain perfume
Perfume
Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and/or aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, animals, objects, and living spaces "a pleasant scent"...
and coloring agents
Hair coloring
Hair coloring is the practice of changing the color of hair. Common reasons are to cover gray hair, to change to a color regarded as more fashionable or desirable, and to restore the original hair color after it has been discolored by hairdressing processes or sun bleaching...
. A plethora of pomades are still in production today and vary in factors such as weight, shine and scent. The stiffest will have a higher proportion of beeswax
Beeswax
Beeswax is a natural wax produced in the bee hive of honey bees of the genus Apis. It is mainly esters of fatty acids and various long chain alcohols...
while the lightest may have a higher proportion of oils.
Hair gel
Hair
Hair is a filamentous biomaterial, that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Found exclusively in mammals, hair is one of the defining characteristics of the mammalian class....
into a particular hairstyle
Hairstyle
A hairstyle, hairdo, or haircut refers to the styling of hair, usually on the human head. The fashioning of hair can be considered an aspect of personal grooming, fashion, and cosmetics, although practical, cultural, and popular considerations also influence some hairstyles.-History of...
. The results it produces are usually similar to but stronger than those of hair spray
Hair spray
Hair spray is a common cosmetic product that is sprayed onto hair to keep it stiff or in a certain style...
and weaker than those of hair glue or hair wax
Hair wax
Hair wax is a thick hairstyling product containing wax, used to assist with holding the hair. In contrast with hair gel, most of which contain alcohol, hair wax remains pliable and has less chance of drying out...
.
Hair spray
Hair spray (also hair lacquer, spritz, or sticky water) is a common household aqueous solutionAqueous solution
An aqueous solution is a solution in which the solvent is water. It is usually shown in chemical equations by appending aq to the relevant formula, such as NaCl. The word aqueous means pertaining to, related to, similar to, or dissolved in water...
that is used to keep hair
Hair
Hair is a filamentous biomaterial, that grows from follicles found in the dermis. Found exclusively in mammals, hair is one of the defining characteristics of the mammalian class....
stiff or in a certain style. Weaker than hair gel
Hair gel
Hair gel is a hairstyling product that is used to stiffen hair into a particular hairstyle. The results it produces are usually similar to, but stronger than, those of hair spray and hair wax, and weaker than those of hair glue.-Types:...
, hair wax
Hair wax
Hair wax is a thick hairstyling product containing wax, used to assist with holding the hair. In contrast with hair gel, most of which contain alcohol, hair wax remains pliable and has less chance of drying out...
, or glue, it is sprayed to hold styles for a long period. Using a pump
Spray bottle
A spray bottle is a bottle that can squirt, spray or mist fluids. A common use for spray bottles is dispensing cool cleaners, cosmetics, and chemical specialties. Another wide use of spray bottles is mixing down concentrates such as pine oil with water....
or aerosol spray
Aerosol spray
Aerosol spray is a type of dispensing system which creates an aerosol mist of liquid particles. This is used with a can or bottle that contains a liquid under pressure. When the container's valve is opened, the liquid is forced out of a small hole and emerges as an aerosol or mist...
nozzle
Nozzle
A nozzle is a device designed to control the direction or characteristics of a fluid flow as it exits an enclosed chamber or pipe via an orifice....
, it sprays evenly over the hair. May leave hair feeling "crunchy" unless brushed out. Hair spray was first developed and manufactured in 1948 by Chase Products Company, based in Broadview
Broadview, Illinois
Broadview is a village in Cook County, Illinois west of Chicago. The population was 8,264 at the 2000 census.-About Broadview:Broadview was incorporated as a village in 1914. It is located in Proviso Township along the western edge of Cook County....
, Illinois
Illinois
Illinois is the fifth-most populous state of the United States of America, and is often noted for being a microcosm of the entire country. With Chicago in the northeast, small industrial cities and great agricultural productivity in central and northern Illinois, and natural resources like coal,...
.
Its active ingredient is a suitable polymer or the chemical elastesse. Elastesse is a form of liquid elastic that keeps the hair stiff and firm without snapping.
The solvent
Solvent
A solvent is a liquid, solid, or gas that dissolves another solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution that is soluble in a certain volume of solvent at a specified temperature...
used was once a compound
Chemical compound
A chemical compound is a pure chemical substance consisting of two or more different chemical elements that can be separated into simpler substances by chemical reactions. Chemical compounds have a unique and defined chemical structure; they consist of a fixed ratio of atoms that are held together...
of carbon
Carbon
Carbon is the chemical element with symbol C and atomic number 6. As a member of group 14 on the periodic table, it is nonmetallic and tetravalent—making four electrons available to form covalent chemical bonds...
, fluorine
Fluorine
Fluorine is the chemical element with atomic number 9, represented by the symbol F. It is the lightest element of the halogen column of the periodic table and has a single stable isotope, fluorine-19. At standard pressure and temperature, fluorine is a pale yellow gas composed of diatomic...
, and chlorine
Chlorine
Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is the second lightest halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. The element forms diatomic molecules under standard conditions, called dichlorine...
(a chlorofluorocarbon
Chlorofluorocarbon
A chlorofluorocarbon is an organic compound that contains carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as a volatile derivative of methane and ethane. A common subclass are the hydrochlorofluorocarbons , which contain hydrogen, as well. They are also commonly known by the DuPont trade name Freon...
, or CFC). CFC
Haloalkane
The haloalkanes are a group of chemical compounds derived from alkanes containing one or more halogens. They are a subset of the general class of halocarbons, although the distinction is not often made. Haloalkanes are widely used commercially and, consequently, are known under many chemical and...
s are nontoxic, nonflammable, and make almost ideal aerosol
Aerosol
Technically, an aerosol is a suspension of fine solid particles or liquid droplets in a gas. Examples are clouds, and air pollution such as smog and smoke. In general conversation, aerosol usually refers to an aerosol spray can or the output of such a can...
propellants. However, when it was learned that they cause destruction of stratospheric ozone, they were replaced with other solvents, like alcohols and hydrocarbons.
One of the polymers used is polyvinylpyrrolidine, which is also used to glue the layers of wood in plywood together. A non-water soluble polymer called polydimethylsiloxane
Polydimethylsiloxane
Polydimethylsiloxane belongs to a group of polymeric organosilicon compounds that are commonly referred to as silicones. PDMS is the most widely used silicon-based organic polymer, and is particularly known for its unusual rheological properties. PDMS is optically clear, and, in general, is...
is added to make the hold last a bit longer (the polyvinylpyrrolidine is water soluble). Pytocalcious chemicals are another family of ingredients in hair spray, which increase the amount of minerals in the hair's root causing the hair to become stiff.
Other polymers used in plastic-based hairsprays are copolymers with vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetate
Vinyl acetate is an organic compound with the formula CH3COOCH=CH2. A colorless liquid with a pungent odor, it is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, an important polymer in industry.-Production:...
and copolymers with maleic anhydride
Maleic anhydride
Maleic anhydride is an organic compound with the formula C2H22O. It is the acid anhydride of maleic acid and in its pure state it is a colourless or white solid with an acrid odour....
.
Some hair sprays use natural polymers and solvents like vegetable gums dissolved in alcohol
Alcohol
In chemistry, an alcohol is an organic compound in which the hydroxy functional group is bound to a carbon atom. In particular, this carbon center should be saturated, having single bonds to three other atoms....
. One popular ingedient is gum arabic
Gum arabic
220px|thumb|right|Acacia gumGum arabic, also known as acacia gum, chaar gund, char goond, or meska, is a natural gum made of hardened sap taken from two species of the acacia tree; Acacia senegal and Acacia seyal...
is made from the sap of certain trees that grow in the Sudan
Sudan
Sudan , officially the Republic of the Sudan , is a country in North Africa, sometimes considered part of the Middle East politically. It is bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the...
. Gum tragacanth
Tragacanth
Tragacanth is a natural gum obtained from the dried sap of several species of Middle Eastern legumes of the genus Astragalus, including A. adscendens, A. gummifer, A. brachycalyx, and A. tragacanthus. Some of these species are known collectively under the common names "goat's thorn" and "locoweed"...
is another herbal gum that is used to stiffen calico and crepe
Crêpe
A crêpe or crepe , is a type of very thin pancake, usually made from wheat flour or buckwheat flour . The word is of French origin, deriving from the Latin crispa, meaning "curled". While crêpes originate from Brittany, a region in the northwest of France, their consumption is widespread in France...
, as well as hair.
Hair Volumizer
Hair volumizers are used to temporarily add volume, body and shine to thin or flat hair. Hair volumizers are also used by balding men to make their hair mass look dense. They come in many forms like shampoos, conditioners, sprays, pomades and lotions.Hair volumizers contains humectants which work by attracting moisture from the surrounding areas to the hair strand, thereby swelling the hair and making it look thicker. Various polymers present in the volumizer, coat the hair strand making it look thicker and shiny.
Shampoo and conditioner forms of the volumizers are used just like ordinary shampoo or conditioners. The spray and lotion form of volumizers are used in damp hair, near the roots of the hair; the person flips her/his head downwards and gradually blow dries the hair, with the air being blown along the shaft of the hair; once hair are dry the person can flip his/her head up.
Misc
Other types of products include serums, leave-in conditionerConditioner
A conditioner is something that improves the quality of another material. See:* Conditioner * Hair conditioner* Air conditioner* Conditioner * Fabric conditioner* Yarn conditioner* Power conditioner* Condition number...
, hair tonic, and heat protection spray.
Hairstyling product brands
- Toni & GuyToni & Guy- History :Toni & Guy is a global hairdressing and education business founded in London, United Kingdom in 1963 by brothers Giuseppe and Gaetano Mascolo. They were later joined by younger brothers Bruno and Anthony...
- SchwarzkopfSchwarzkopfSchwarzkopf refers to:- Place name :Germany:* Schwarzkopf , a mountain of Bavaria, Germany* Schwarzkopf , Berg im Nordschwarzwald* Schwarzkopf , a mountain of Bavaria, GermanyCzech Republic...
- John FriedaJohn FriedaJohn Frieda is an English celebrity hairstylist and founder of hair salon and hair product businesses. The hair product business was acquired in 2002 by Kao Corporation, Japan. The hair products he created are widely available in the United States and many other countries.-Early life:Frieda was...
- Lee StaffordLee StaffordLee Stafford is an award-winning celebrity hairdresser.-Biography:Stafford opened his hair salon in 1984 in Essex called The House That Hair Built. His career took off in 1997 when he won the title of Men's British Hairdresser of the Year. In 2000 he opened his second hair salon in Wardour Street,...
- Trevor SorbieTrevor SorbieTrevor John Sorbie MBE , is a British celebrity hairdresser.-Career:Born in Scotland, his parents moved south when he was aged 11. Dropping out of school aged 15, Sorbie started cutting hair as an apprentice to his father in Ilford in 1964...
- TresemméTRESemméTRESemmé is a brand of haircare products first manufactured by Godefroy Manufacturing Company in St. Louis, Missouri starting in 1947. The brand name is a word play and reference to Edna L...
- L’Oréal
- L'Oréal ProfessionnelL'Oréal ProfessionnelL'Oréal Professionnel is a brand of the professional products division of L'Oréal Group.L'Oréal Professionnel offers a range of professional hair color, forme, styling and home haircare products. The products are divided into two categories: in-salon and home care products...
- KérastaseKérastaseKérastase is a luxury haircare brand developed by Recherche avancée L’Oréal under the professional products division of the L'Oréal Group....
- Shu UemuraShu Uemurawas a Japanese make-up artist and founder of the Shu Uemura international cosmetics line which bears his name.-Career:A native of Tokyo, Shu Uemura reportedly first became interested in hairstyling and make up as a teenager while recovering from a severe illness which left him bedridden...
- Kiehl'sKiehl'sKiehl's is an American cosmetics brand retailer that specializes in making premium skin, hair, and body care products. Founded as a single pharmacy in New York City's East Village in 1851, Kiehl’s was purchased by the L'Oréal Group in 2000 and currently has more than 30 retail stores worldwide,...
- RedkenRedkenRedken is an American hair care brand owned by L'Oréal Group under the Professional Products division.The company was founded in 1960 by hairdresser/chemist Jheri Redding and actress/model Paula Kent, thus the name, "Red-ken."...
- L'Oréal Professionnel
- Estée LauderEstée LauderEstée Lauder may refer to:* Estée Lauder * Estée Lauder Companies...
- AvedaAvedaAveda Corporation is a company headquartered in Blaine, Minnesota, that manufactures skin care, cosmetics, perfume, hair care products, and trains students in cosmetology and esthiology at the Aveda Institutes in Minneapolis, New York City, Washington, DC, Vancouver, Calgary, Toronto and many other...
- Bumble and bumbleBumble and bumbleBumble and bumble is one of 27 brands owned by Estée Lauder Companies, Inc. It was founded as a New York City hair salon in 1977 by hairdresser and entrepreneur Michael Gordon. The company operates two flagship salons in Manhattan: a midtown location on East 56th Street and on the top two floors...
- Aveda
- Mandom
See also
- Hair mousseHair mousseHair mousse is a hairstyling product added to hair for extra volume and shine. It is often dispensed in an aerosol foam spray or in a cream form. Hair mousse adds volume to hair and often provides both conditioning and hold, without any clumps or buildup. Hair mousse is a purple color while in the...
- Hair waxHair waxHair wax is a thick hairstyling product containing wax, used to assist with holding the hair. In contrast with hair gel, most of which contain alcohol, hair wax remains pliable and has less chance of drying out...
- PomadePomadePomade is a greasy or waxy substance that is used to style hair. Pomade makes hair look slick and shiny. Unlike hair spray and hair gel, pomade does not dry and often takes several washes to remove...
- Hair gelHair gelHair gel is a hairstyling product that is used to stiffen hair into a particular hairstyle. The results it produces are usually similar to, but stronger than, those of hair spray and hair wax, and weaker than those of hair glue.-Types:...
- Hair sprayHair sprayHair spray is a common cosmetic product that is sprayed onto hair to keep it stiff or in a certain style...
- CombCombA comb is a toothed device used in hair care for straightening and cleaning hair or other fibres. Combs are among the oldest tools found by archaeologists...
- HairbrushHairbrushA hairbrush is a stick brush with rigid or soft bristles used in hair care for smoothing, styling, and detangling human hair, or for grooming an animal's fur.-Human use:...
- Hair dryer
- Hair ironHair ironA hair iron or hair tong is a tool used to change the structure of the hair using heat. There are three general kinds: curling irons, used to make the hair curly, straightening irons, commonly called straighteners or flat irons, used to straighten the hair, and crimping irons, used to create crimps...