ISO 9 - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

International standard

International standards are standards developed by international standards organizations. International standards are available for consideration and use, worldwide...

ISO 9 establishes a system for the transliteration

Transliteration

Transliteration is a subset of the science of hermeneutics. It is a form of translation, and is the practice of converting a text from one script into another...

into Latin characters

Latin alphabet

The Latin alphabet, also called the Roman alphabet, is the most recognized alphabet used in the world today. It evolved from a western variety of the Greek alphabet called the Cumaean alphabet, which was adopted and modified by the Etruscans who ruled early Rome...

of Cyrillic characters

Cyrillic alphabet

The Cyrillic script or azbuka is an alphabetic writing system developed in the First Bulgarian Empire during the 10th century AD at the Preslav Literary School...

constituting the alphabets of many Slavic

Slavic languages

The Slavic languages , a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup of Indo-European languages, have speakers in most of Eastern Europe, in much of the Balkans, in parts of Central Europe, and in the northern part of Asia.-Branches:Scholars traditionally divide Slavic...

and some non-Slavic languages.

The major advantage ISO 9 has over other competing systems is its univocal system of one character for one character equivalents (by the use of diacritics), which faithfully represents the original spelling and allows for reverse transliteration, even if the language is unknown.

Earlier versions of the standard, ISO/R 9:1954, ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1986, were more closely based on the international scholarly system for linguistics (scientific transliteration

Scientific transliteration

Scientific transliteration, variously called academic, linguistic, or scholarly transliteration, is an international system for transliteration of text from the Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet...

), but have diverged in favour of unambiguous transliteration over phonemic representation.
The edition of 1995 cancels and replaces the edition of 1986.

ISO 9:1995

The standard features three mapping tables: the first covers contemporary Slavic languages, the second older Slavic orthographies (excluding letters from the first), and the third non-Slavic languages (including most letters from the first). Several Cyrillic characters included in ISO 9 are not available as precomposed characters in Unicode, neither are some of the transliterations; combining diacritical marks have to be used in these cases. Unicode, on the other hand, includes some historic characters that are not dealt with in ISO 9.

The following combined table shows characters for at least Abkhaz

Abkhaz language

Abkhaz is a Northwest Caucasian language spoken mainly by the Abkhaz people. It is the official language of Abkhazia where around 100,000 people speak it. Furthermore, it is spoken by thousands of members of the Abkhazian diaspora in Turkey, Georgia's autonomous republic of Adjara, Syria, Jordan...

, Altay

Altay language

Altay is a language of the Turkic group of languages. It is an official language of Altai Republic, Russia. The language was called Oyrot prior to 1948. There were ca...

, Belarusian

Belarusian language

The Belarusian language , sometimes referred to as White Russian or White Ruthenian, is the language of the Belarusian people...

, Bulgarian

Bulgarian language

Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language, demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages such as the elimination of case declension, the...

, Buryat

Buryat language

Buryat is a Mongolic variety spoken by the Buryats that is either classified as a language or as a major dialect group of Mongolian. The majority of Buryat speakers live in Russia along the northern border of Mongolia where it is an official language in the Buryat Republic, Ust-Orda Buryatia and...

, Chuvash

Chuvash language

Chuvash is a Turkic language spoken in central Russia, primarily in the Chuvash Republic and adjacent areas. It is the only surviving member of the Oghur branch of Turkic languages....

, Karachay-Balkar

Karachay-Balkar language

The Karachay-Balkar language is a Turkic language spoken by the Karachays and Balkars. It is divided into two dialects: Karachay-Baksan-Chegem which pronounces two phonemes as and , and Balkar, which pronounces the corresponding phonemes as and .- Alphabet :Modern Karachay-Balkar Cyrillic...

, Macedonian

Macedonian language

Macedonian is a South Slavic language spoken as a first language by approximately 2–3 million people principally in the region of Macedonia but also in the Macedonian diaspora...

, Moldavian, Mongolian

Mongolian language

The Mongolian language is the official language of Mongolia and the best-known member of the Mongolic language family. The number of speakers across all its dialects may be 5.2 million, including the vast majority of the residents of Mongolia and many of the Mongolian residents of the Inner...

, Russian

Russian language

Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics...

, Rusyn

Rusyn language

Rusyn , also known in English as Ruthenian, is an East Slavic language variety spoken by the Rusyns of Central Europe. Some linguists treat it as a distinct language and it has its own ISO 639-3 code; others treat it as a dialect of Ukrainian...

, Serbian

Serbian language

Serbian is a form of Serbo-Croatian, a South Slavic language, spoken by Serbs in Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Croatia and neighbouring countries....

, Udmurt

Udmurt language

Udmurt is an Uralic language, part of the Permic subgroup, spoken by the Udmurt natives of the Russian constituent republic of Udmurtia, where it is coofficial with Russian. It is written in the Cyrillic script with five additional characters. Together with Komi and Komi-Permyak languages, it...

, Ukrainian

Ukrainian language

Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet....

, and all Caucasian languages

Languages of the Caucasus

The languages of the Caucasus are a large and extremely varied array of languages spoken by more than ten million people in and around the Caucasus Mountains, which lie between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea....

using páločka

Palochka

Palochka is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. This letter usually has only a capital form, which is also used in lowercase text. The capital form of Palochka often looks like the capital form of the Cyrillic letter Dotted I , the capital form of the Latin letter I , and the lowercase form of the...

ISO 9:1995, GOST 7.79 System A
Cyrillic		Latin		Unicode		Description
А	а	A	a
Ӓ	ӓ	Ä	ä	`00C4`	`00E4`	a diaeresis
Ӓ̄	ӓ̄	Ạ̈	ạ̈	`00C4+0323`	`00E4+0323`	a diaeresis and dot below
Ӑ	ӑ	Ă	ă	`0102`	`0103`	a breve
А̄	а̄	Ā	ā	`0100`	`0101`	a macron
Ӕ	ӕ	Æ	æ	`00C6`	`00E6`	ae ligature
А́	а́	Á	á	`00C1`	`00E1`	a acute
А̊	а̊	Å	å	`00C5`	`00E5`	a ring
Б	б	B	b
В	в	V	v
Г	г	G	g
Ѓ	ѓ	Ǵ	ǵ	`01F4`	`01F5`	g acute
Ғ	ғ	Ġ	ġ	`0120`	`0121`	g dot
Ҕ	ҕ	Ğ	ğ	`011E`	`011F`	g breve
Һ	һ	Ḥ	ḥ	`1E24`	`1E25`	h dot
Д	д	D	d
Ђ	ђ	Đ	đ	`0110`	`0111`	d macron
Е	е	E	e
Ӗ	ӗ	Ĕ	ĕ	`0114`	`0115`	e breve
Ё	ё	Ë	ë	`00CB`	`00EB`	e diaeresis
Є	є	Ê	ê	`00CA`	`00EA`	e circumflex
Ж	ж	Ž	ž	`017D`	`017E`	z caron
Җ	җ	Ž̧	ž̧	`017D+0327`	`017E+0327`	z caron and cedilla
Ӝ	ӝ	Z̄	z̄	Z+`0304`	z+`0304`	z macron
Ӂ	ӂ	Z̆	z̆	Z+`0306`	z+`0306`	z breve
З	з	Z	z
Ӟ	ӟ	Z̈	z̈	Z+`0308`	z+`0308`	z diaeresis
Ӡ	ӡ	Ź	ź	`0179`	`017A`	z acute
Ѕ	ѕ	Ẑ	ẑ	`1E90`	`1E91`	z circumflex
И	и	I	i
Ӣ	ӣ	Ī	ī	`012A`	`012B`	i macron
И́	и́	Í	í	`00CD`	`00ED`	i acute
Ӥ	ӥ	Î	î	`00CE`	`00EE`	i circumflex
Й	й	J	j
І	і	Ì	ì	`00CC`	`00EC`	i grave
Ї	ї	Ï	ï	`00CF`	`00EF`	i diaeresis
І̄	і̄	Ǐ	ǐ	`01CF (012C)`	`01D0 (012D)`	i caron (or breve)
Ј	ј	J̌	ǰ	J+`030C`	`01F0`	j caron
Ј̵	ј̵	J́	j́	J+`0301`	j+`0301`	j acute
К	к	K	k
Ӄ	ӄ	Ḳ	ḳ	`1E32`	`1E33`	k dot below
Ҝ	ҝ	K̂	k̂	K+`0302`	k+`0302`	k circumflex
Ҡ	ҡ	Ǩ	ǩ	`01E8`	`01E9`	k caron
Ҟ	ҟ	K̄	k̄	K+`0304`	k+`0304`	k macron
Қ	қ	Ķ	ķ	`0136`	`0137`	k cedilla
К̨	к̨	K̀	k̀	K+`0300`	k+`0300`	k grave
Ԛ	ԛ	Q	q
Л	л	L	l
Љ	љ	L̂	l̂	L+`0302`	l+`0302`	l circumflex
Л’	Л’	Ĺ	ĺ	`0139`	`013A`	l acute
Ӆ	ӆ	Ļ	ļ	`013B`	`013C`	l cedilla
М	м	M	m
Н	н	N	n
Њ	њ	N̂	n̂	N+`0302`	n+`0302`	n circumflex
Ң	ң	Ņ	ņ	`0145`	`0146`	n cedilla
Ӊ	ӊ	Ṇ	ṇ	`1E46`	`1E47`	n dot below
Ҥ	ҥ	Ṅ	ṅ	`1E44`	`1E45`	n dot
Ԋ	ԋ	Ǹ	ǹ	`01F8`	`01F9`	n grave
Ӈ	ӈ	Ń	ń	`0143`	`0144`	n acute
\|	Ň	ň	`0147`	`0148`	n caron
Н̄	н̄	N̄	n̄	N+`0304`	n+`0304`	n macron
О	о	O	o
Ӧ	ӧ	Ö	ö	`00D6`	`00F6`	o diaeresis
Ө	ө	Ô	ô	`00D4`	`00F4`	o circumflex
Ӫ	ӫ	Ő	ő	`0150`	`0151`	o double acute
Ӫ̄	ӫ̄	Ọ̈	ọ̈	`00D6+0323`	`00F6+0323`	o diaeresis and dot below
Ҩ	ҩ	Ò	ò	`00D2`	`00F2`	o grave
О́	о́	Ó	ó	`00D3`	`00F3`	o acute
О̄	о̄	Ō	ō	`014C`	`014D`	o macron
Œ	œ	Œ	œ	`0152`	`0153`	oe ligature
П	п	P	p
Ҧ	ҧ	Ṕ	ṕ	`1E54`	`1E55`	p acute
\|	P̀	p̀	P+`0300`	p+`0300`	p grave
Р	р	R	r
С	с	S	s
Ҫ	ҫ	Ş	ş	`015E`	`015F`	s cedilla
С̀	с̀	S̀	s̀	S+`0300`	s+`0300`	s grave
Т	т	T	t
Ћ	ћ	Ć	ć	`0106`	`0107`	c acute
Ԏ	ԏ	T̀	t̀	T+`0300`	t+`0300`	t grave
Т̌	т̌	Ť	ť	`0164`	`0165`	t caron
Ҭ	ҭ	Ţ	ţ	`0162`	`0163`	t cedilla
Ќ	ќ	Ḱ	ḱ	`1E30`	`1E31`	k acute
У	у	U	u
Ӱ	ӱ	Ü	ü	`00DC`	`00FC`	u diaeresis
Ӯ	ӯ	Ū	ū	`016A`	`016B`	u macron
Ў	ў	Ŭ	ŭ	`016C`	`016D`	u breve
Ӳ	ӳ	Ű	ű	`0170`	`0171`	u double acute
У́	у́	Ú	ú	`00DA`	`00FA`	u acute
Ӱ̄	ӱ̄	Ụ̈	ụ̈	`00DC+0323`	`00FC+0323`	u diaeresis and dot below
Ү	ү	Ù	ù	`00D9`	`00F9`	u grave
Ұ	ұ	U̇	u̇	U+`0307`	u+`0307`	u dot
Ӯ̈	ӯ̈	Ụ̄	ụ̄	`016A+0323`	`016B+0323`	u macron and dot below
Ԝ	ԝ	W	w
Ф	ф	F	f
Х	х	H	h
Ҳ	ҳ	Ḩ	ḩ	`1E28`	`1E29`	h cedilla
Ц	ц	C	c
Ҵ	ҵ	C̄	c̄	C+`0304`	c+`0304`	c macron
Џ	џ	D̂	d̂	D+`0302`	d+`0302`	d circumflex
Ч	ч	Č	č	`010C`	`010D`	c caron
Ҷ	ҷ	Ç	ç	`00C7`	`00E7`	c cedilla
Ӌ	ӌ	C̣	c̣	C+`0323`	c+`0323`	c dot below
Ӵ	ӵ	C̈	c̈	C+`0308`	c+`0308`	c diaeresis
Ҹ	ҹ	Ĉ	ĉ	`0108`	`0109`	c circumflex
Ч̀	ч̀	C̀	c̀	C+`0300`	c+`0300`	c grave
Ҽ	ҽ	C̆	c̆	C+`0306`	c+`0306`	c breve
Ҿ	ҿ	Ç̆	ç̆	`00C7+0306`	`00E7+0306`	c cedilla and breve
Ш	ш	Š	š	`0160`	`0161`	s caron
Щ	щ	Ŝ	ŝ	`015C`	`015D`	s circumflex
Ъ	ъ	colspan="2"\|ʺ	`02BA`		double prime
Ы	ы	Y	y
Ӹ	ӹ	Ÿ	ÿ	`0178`	`00FF`	y diaeresis
Ы̄	ы̄	Ȳ	ȳ	`0232`	`0233`	y macron
Ь	ь	colspan="2"\|ʹ	`02B9`		prime
Э	э	È	è	`00C8`	`00E8`	e grave
Ә	ә	A̋	a̋	A+`030B`	a+`030B`	a double acute
Ӛ	ӛ	À	à	`00C0`	`00E0`	a grave
Ю	ю	Û	û	`00DB`	`00FB`	u circumflex
Ю̄	ю̄	Ů	ů	`016E`	`016F`	u ring
Я	я	Â	â	`00C2`	`00E2`	a circumflex
Ґ	ґ	G̀	g̀	G+`0300`	g+`0300`	g grave
Ѣ	ѣ	Ě	ě	`011A`	`011B`	e caron
Ѫ	ѫ	Ǎ	ǎ	`01CD`	`01CE`	a caron
Ѳ	ѳ	F̀	f̀	F+`0300`	f+`0300`	f grave
Ѵ	ѵ	Ỳ	ỳ	`1EF2`	`1EF3`	y grave
Ӏ		‡		`2021`		double dagger
’		`		`
ˮ		¨		`00A8`		diaeresis

Example

Here is an example transliteration. The text in Cyrillic is the chorus of the hymn of the Russian Federation

National Anthem of Russia

The National Anthem of the Russian Federation is the name of the official national anthem of Russia. Its musical composition and lyrics were adopted from the anthem of the Soviet Union, composed by Alexander Alexandrov, and lyricists Sergey Mikhalkov and Gabriel El-Registan. The Soviet anthem was...

GOST 7.79

GOST

GOST refers to a set of technical standards maintained by the Euro-Asian Council for Standardization, Metrology and Certification , a regional standards organization operating under the auspices of the Commonwealth of Independent States .All sorts of regulated standards are included, with examples...

7.79 contains two transliteration tables.
System A: one Cyrillic character to one Latin character, some with diacritics – identical to ISO 9:1995
System B: one Cyrillic character to one or many Latin characters without diacritics

GOST 7.79 System B
Cyrillic		Roman		Note
А	а	A	а
Б	б	B	b
В	в	V	v
Г	г	G	g
Ѓ/Ґ	ѓ/ґ	G`	g`	ѓ in Macedonian, ґ in Ukrainian
Д	д	D	d
Е	е	E	e
Ё	ё	Yo	yo	in Russian and Belarusian
Є	є	Ye	ye	in Ukrainian
Ж	ж	Zh	zh
З	з	Z	z
S	ѕ	Z`	z`	in Macedonian
И	и	I, Y`	i, y`	not in Belarusian, y` for Ukrainian
Й/J	й/ј	J	j	ј in Macedonian
I	і	I, I`	i, i`	i` only before consonant for Old Russian and Old Bulgar
Ї	ї	Yi	yi	in Ukrainian
К	к	K	k
Ќ	ќ	K`	k`	in Macedonian
Л	л	L	l
Љ	љ	L`	l`	in Macedonian
М	м	M	m
Н	н	N	n
Њ	њ	N`	n`	in Macedonian
О	о	O	о
П	п	P	p
Р	р	R	r
С	с	S	s
Т	т	T	t
У	у	U	u
Ў	ў	U`	u`	in Belarusian
Ф	ф	F	f
Х	х	X	x
Ц	ц	Cz, C	cz, с	c before i, e, y, j
Ч	ч	Ch	ch
Џ	џ	Dh	dh	in Macedonian
Ш	ш	Sh	sh
Щ	щ	Shh, Sht	shh, sht	shh for Russian and Ukrainian, sht for Bulgarian
Ъ	ъ	A`	a`, ``	two grave accents for Russian, a` for Bulgarian
Ы	ы	Y`	y`	in Russian and Belarusian
Ь	ь		`	grave accent
Э	э	E`	e`	in Russian and Belarusian
Ю	ю	Yu	yu	not in Macedonian
Я	я	Ya	уа	not in Macedonian
	’		'	apostrophe
Ѣ	ѣ	Ye	уе	in Old Russian and Old Bulgar
Ѳ	ѳ	Fh	fh	in Old Russian and Old Bulgar
Ѵ	ѵ	Yh	yh	in Old Russian and Old Bulgar
Ѫ	ѫ	O`	о`	in Old Bulgar
№		#

National adoptions

The verbatim translated text of ISO 9 is adopted as an inter-state standard in the countries listed below (the national designation is shown in parentheses). Other transcription schemes are also used in practice, though.
(GOST 7.79) (GOST 7.79) (GOST 7.79) (GOST 7.79–2000, adopted 2003-03-01) (GOST 7.79) (GOST 7.79) (GOST 7.79) (GOST 7.79) (GOST 7.79)

ISO/R 9:1968

This is an older version of the standard, with different transliteration for different Slavic languages

Slavic languages

, reflecting their phonemic differences. It is closer to the original international system of slavist scientific transliteration

Scientific transliteration

Scientific transliteration, variously called academic, linguistic, or scholarly transliteration, is an international system for transliteration of text from the Cyrillic to the Latin alphabet...

.

The languages covered are Bulgarian, Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian, Serbian and Macedonian. ISO 9:1995 is shown for comparison.

style="font-weight:bold;"|ISO/R 9:1968 and ISO 9:1995
Cyrillic		1968		1995		Note
А A (Cyrillic) A is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents an open front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨a⟩ in "father".The Cyrillic letter A is romanized using the Latin letter A.-History:...	а	A	a	A	a
Б Be (Cyrillic) Be is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It commonly represents the voiced bilabial plosive , like the English pronunciation of ⟨b⟩ in "bee"...	б	B	b	B	b
В Ve (Cyrillic) Ve is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiced labiodental fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨v⟩ in "very"....	в	V	v	V	v
Г Ge (Cyrillic) Ge is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is also known in some languages as He. In Unicode this letter is called "Ghe".It commonly represents the voiced velar plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨g⟩ in "go"....	г	G, H	g, h	G	g	h for Belarusian and Ukrainian, g else (see table below)
Ґ Ge with upturn Ge with upturn is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. In Ukrainian, Urum and Rusyn, this letter is called "Ge", and the letter ⟨Г⟩ is called "He"...	ґ	G	g	G̀	g̀	in Ukrainian
Д De (Cyrillic) De is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.De commonly represents the voiced dental plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨d⟩ in admit.De is romanized using the Latin letter D.-History:...	д	D	d	D	d
Ѓ Gje Gje is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It is used in Macedonian to represent the voiced palatal plosive or the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate , similar to the pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ in "jet"....	ѓ	Ǵ	ǵ	Ǵ	ǵ	in Macedonian
Ђ Dje Dje is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.Dje is the sixth letter of the Serbian Cyrillic alphabet and of the Montenegrin Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Serbian language to represent the voiced alveolo-palatal affricate , similar to the pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ in "jet".Dje corresponds to the Latin...	ђ	Đ	đ	Đ	đ	in Serbian
Е Ye (Cyrillic) Ye is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. In some languages this letter is called E.It commonly represents the vowel or , like the pronunciation of ⟨e⟩ in "yes".Ye is romanized using the Latin letter E....	е	E	e	E	e
Ё Yo (Cyrillic) Yo is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. In Unicode, the letter ⟨Ё⟩ is named CYRILLIC CAPITAL/SMALL LETTER IO.It commonly represents the sounds , like the pronunciation of ⟨Yo⟩ in "York"....	ё	Ë	ë	Ë	ë	in Russian and Belarusian
Є Ukrainian Ye Ukrainian Ye is a character of the Cyrillic script. It is considered as an individual letter of modern Ukrainian alphabet and as a variant form of Ye in modern Church Slavonic language...	є	Je	je	Ê	ê	in Ukrainian
Ж Zhe (Cyrillic) Zhe is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiced postalveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨s⟩ in "treasure".Zhe is romanized as ⟨zh⟩ or ⟨ž⟩.-History:...	ж	Ž, Zh	ž, zh	Ž	ž	see table below
З Ze (Cyrillic) Ze is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiced alveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨z⟩ in "zoo".Ze is romanized using the Latin letter ⟨z⟩....	з	Z	z	Z	z
Ѕ Dze Dze is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used in the Macedonian language to represent the voiced alveolar affricate , pronounced like ⟨ds⟩ in "pods"....	ѕ	Dz	dz	Ẑ	ẑ	in Macedonian
И I (Cyrillic) I is a letter used in almost all ancient and modern Cyrillic alphabets.It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in "machine", or the near-close near-front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in "bin".-History:The Cyrillic letter I was...	и	I, Y	i, y	I	i	not in Belarusian, y for Ukrainian, i else (see table below)
I Ukrainian I Dotted I , also called Decimal I, is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in "machine"....	і	I, Ī	i, ī	Ì	ì	not in Bulgarian, Serbian and Macedonian, archaic in Russian (see table below)
Ї Yi (Cyrillic) Yi is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It represents the iotated vowel sound , like the pronunciation of ⟨yi⟩ in "playing", and is used in the Rusyn and Ukrainian alphabets....	ї	Ï	ï	Ï	ï	in Ukrainian
Й Short I Short I is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is made of the Cyrillic letter И with a breve.Short I represents the palatal approximant , like the pronunciation of ⟨y⟩ in toy....	й	J, Ĭ	j, ĭ	J	j	not in Serbian and Macedonian (see table below)
Ј Je (Cyrillic) Je is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the palatal approximant , like the pronunciation of ⟨y⟩ in "yes".-Usage:-Related letters and other similar characters:...	ј	J	j	J̌	ǰ	in Serbian and Macedonian
К Ka (Cyrillic) Ka is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless velar plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨k⟩ in "king".-History:...	к	K	k	K	k
Л El (Cyrillic) El is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.El commonly represents the alveolar lateral approximant , like the pronunciation of ⟨l⟩ in "lip".-Form:...	л	L	l	L	l
Љ Lje Lje is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.Lje represents a palatal lateral , a sound similar to the palatalized alveolar lateral which is represented by the digraph ЛЬ and pronounced like the ⟨ll⟩ in "million".Lje was invented by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić...	љ	Lj	lj	L̂	l̂	in Serbian and Macedonian
М Em (Cyrillic) Em is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.Em commonly represents the bilabial nasal consonant , like the pronunciation of ⟨m⟩ in "him".It is derived from the Greek letter Mu ....	м	M	m	M	m
Н En (Cyrillic) En is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the alveolar nasal consonant , like the pronunciation of ⟨n⟩ in "nice".-History:The Cyrillic letter En was derived from the Greek letter Nu ....	н	N	n	N	n
Њ Nje Nje is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It is a ligature of the Cyrillic letters En ⟨Н⟩ and Soft Sign ⟨Ь⟩. It was invented by Vuk Stefanović Karadžić. It corresponds to the digraph ⟨nj⟩ in the Serbian Latin and Croatian alphabets.It is used in Macedonian and Serbian, where it represents a...	њ	Nj	nj	N̂	n̂	in Serbian and Macedonian
О O (Cyrillic) O is a letter of the Cyrillic script.O commonly represents the close-mid back rounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨o⟩ in "go".-History:The Cyrillic letter O was derived from the Greek letter Omicron ....	о	O	o	O	o
П Pe (Cyrillic) Pe is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless bilabial plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨p⟩ in "pack".-History:...	п	P	p	P	p
Р Er (Cyrillic) Er is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the alveolar trill , like the "rolled" sound in the Scottish pronunciation of ⟨r⟩ in "curd".-History:...	р	R	r	R	r
С Es (Cyrillic) Es is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨s⟩ in "sand".-History:...	с	S	s	S	s
Т Te (Cyrillic) Te is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨t⟩ in "tick".-History:...	т	T	t	T	t
Ќ Kje Kje is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used only in the Macedonian alphabet, where it It represents the voiceless palatal plosive , or the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate . Kje is the 24th letter In this alphabet...	ќ	Ḱ	ḱ	Ḱ	ḱ	in Macedonian
Ћ Tshe Tshe is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, used only in the Serbian, Bosnian and Montenegrin alphabets, where it represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal affricate , somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨ch⟩ in "chew". The sound of Tshe is produced from the voiceless alveolar plosive by iotation....	ћ	Ć	ć	Ć	ć	in Serbian
У U (Cyrillic) U is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It commonly represents the close back rounded vowel , somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "boot"...	у	U	u	U	u
Ў	ў	Ŭ	ŭ	Ŭ	ŭ	in Belarusian
Ф	ф	F	f	F	f
Х	х	Ch, H	ch, h	H	h	h for Serbian and Macedonian, ch else (see table below)
Ц Tse (Cyrillic) Tse is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar affricate , like the pronunciation of ⟨ts⟩ in "cats".In English, Tse is commonly romanized as ⟨ts⟩...	ц	C, Ts	c, ts	C	c	see table below
Ч Che (Cyrillic) Che or Cha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate , like the pronunciation of ⟨ch⟩ in "change"....	ч	Č, Ch	č, ch	Č	č	see table below
Џ Dzhe Dzhe is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet used in Serbian and Macedonian to represent the voiced postalveolar affricate , like the pronunciation of ⟨j⟩ in "jump"...	џ	Dž	dž	D̂	d̂	in Serbian and Macedonian
Ш	ш	Š, Sh	š, sh	Š	š	see table below
Щ Shcha (Cyrillic) Shcha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. In Russian, it represents the voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative , similar to the pronunciation of ⟨sh⟩ in sheep ; in Ukrainian and Rusyn it represents the consonant cluster ; and in Bulgarian, it represents the consonant cluster .In English, Shcha is...	щ	Šč, Št, Shch	šč, št, shch	Ŝ	ŝ	not in Belarusian, Serbian and Macedonian, št for Bulgarian, šč else (see table below)
Ъ Yer The letter yer of the Cyrillic alphabet, also spelled jer or er, is known as the hard sign in the modern Russian and Rusyn alphabets and as er golyam in the Bulgarian alphabet...	ъ	Ă \|ʺ, ă	\|ʺ	not in Serbian and Macedonian, archaic in Belarusian and Ukrainian, ă for Bulgarian, ʺ else (see table below)
Ы Yery Yery or Yeru is a letter in the Cyrillic alphabet. It represents the phoneme after non-palatalised consonants in the Belarusian and Russian alphabets...	ы	Y	y	Y	y	Russian and Belarusian
Ь Soft sign The soft sign , also known as yer, is a letter of the Cyrillic script. In Old Church Slavonic, it represented a short front vowel. As with its companion, the back yer, the vowel phoneme it designated was later partly dropped and partly merged with other vowels...	ь	\|ʹ	\|ʹ	not in Serbian and Macedonian
Ѣ Yat Yat or Jat is the thirty-second letter of the old Cyrillic alphabet. Its name in Old Church Slavonic is jěd’ or iad’ . In the common scientific Latin transliteration for old Slavic languages, the letter is represented by e with caron: .The yat represented a Common Slavic long vowel...	ѣ	Ě	ě	Ě	ě	not in Serbian and Macedonian, archaic else
Э E (Cyrillic) E , also known as Backwards E from , E oborotnoye, is a letter found amongst Slavonic languages only in Russian and Belarusian, representing the sounds and...	э	Ė	ė	È	è	in Russian and Belarusian
Ю Yu (Cyrillic) Yu is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. After a palatalized consonant, it represents the close back rounded vowel , somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "boot"; elsewhere it is a so-called iotated vowel representing the combination , like the pronunciation of ⟨you⟩ in "youth"...	ю	Ju, Yu	ju, yu	Û	û	not in Serbian and Macedonian (see table below)
Я Ya (Cyrillic) Ya is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus . Among modern Slavonic languages it is used by Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Bulgarian to represent both the combination in initial or post-vocalic position and after a palatalised consonant; in...	я	Ja, Ya	ja, ya	Â	â	not in Serbian and Macedonian (see table below)
’ Apostrophe The apostrophe is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritic mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet or certain other alphabets...		″		’		in Belarusian and Ukrainian, archaic in Russian
Ѫ	ѫ	Ȧ, ʺ̣	ȧ, ʺ̣	Ǎ	ǎ	archaic in Bulgarian (see table below)
Ѳ Fita Fita is a letter of the Early Cyrillic alphabet. The shape and the name of the letter are derived from the Greek letter Theta .In the Cyrillic numeral system, Fita has a value of 9.- Shape :...	ѳ	Ḟ	ḟ	F̀	f̀	archaic in Russian
Ѵ Izhitsa Izhitsa is a letter of the early Cyrillic alphabet. It was used to represent ypsilon in words derived from Greek, such as . It represented the same sound /i/ as the normal letter и in Russian...	ѵ	Ẏ	ẏ	Ỳ	ỳ	archaic in Russian

Bulgarian: ъ and ѫ are not transliterated at the end of a word.
Russian and Belarusian: ъ is not transliterated at the end of a word.

Sub-standards

ISO/R 9 - 1968 permits some deviations from the main standard. In the table below, they are listed in the columns sub-standard 1 and sub-standard 2.

The first sub-standard defines some language-dependent transliterations for Russian (ru), Ukrainian (uk), Belarusian (be) and Bulgarian (bg).
The second sub-standard permits, in countries where tradition favours it, a set of alternative transliterations, but only as a group.


Cyrillic	ISO/R 9 - 1968
Cyrillic
variant 1	main	variant 2
г Ge (Cyrillic) Ge is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is also known in some languages as He. In Unicode this letter is called "Ghe".It commonly represents the voiced velar plosive , like the pronunciation of ⟨g⟩ in "go"....	h ^{(ukUkrainian language Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet.... , beBelarusian language The Belarusian language , sometimes referred to as White Russian or White Ruthenian, is the language of the Belarusian people... )}	g
ж Zhe (Cyrillic) Zhe is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiced postalveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨s⟩ in "treasure".Zhe is romanized as ⟨zh⟩ or ⟨ž⟩.-History:...		ž	zh
и I (Cyrillic) I is a letter used in almost all ancient and modern Cyrillic alphabets.It commonly represents the close front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in "machine", or the near-close near-front unrounded vowel , like the pronunciation of ⟨i⟩ in "bin".-History:The Cyrillic letter I was...	y ^{(ukUkrainian language Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet.... )}	i
і	i ^{(ukUkrainian language Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet.... , beBelarusian language The Belarusian language , sometimes referred to as White Russian or White Ruthenian, is the language of the Belarusian people... )}	ī
й Short I Short I is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It is made of the Cyrillic letter И with a breve.Short I represents the palatal approximant , like the pronunciation of ⟨y⟩ in toy....		j	ĭ
х Kha Kha or Ha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless velar fricative , like the Scottish pronunciation of ⟨ch⟩ in "loch".Kha is romanized as ⟨kh⟩.-History:...	ch ^{(ukUkrainian language Ukrainian is a language of the East Slavic subgroup of the Slavic languages. It is the official state language of Ukraine. Written Ukrainian uses a variant of the Cyrillic alphabet.... , beBelarusian language The Belarusian language , sometimes referred to as White Russian or White Ruthenian, is the language of the Belarusian people... , ruRussian language Russian is a Slavic language used primarily in Russia, Belarus, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan. It is an unofficial but widely spoken language in Ukraine, Moldova, Latvia, Turkmenistan and Estonia and, to a lesser extent, the other countries that were once constituent republics... )}	h	kh
ц Tse (Cyrillic) Tse is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless alveolar affricate , like the pronunciation of ⟨ts⟩ in "cats".In English, Tse is commonly romanized as ⟨ts⟩...		c	ts
ч Che (Cyrillic) Che or Cha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet.It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar affricate , like the pronunciation of ⟨ch⟩ in "change"....		č	ch
ш Sha For other uses, see Sha .Sha is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. It commonly represents the voiceless postalveolar fricative , like the pronunciation of ⟨sh⟩ in "sheep", or the somewhat similar voiceless retroflex fricative . It is used in every variation of the Cyrillic alphabet, for Slavic and...		š	sh
щ	št ^{(bgBulgarian language Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language, demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages such as the elimination of case declension, the... )}	šč	shch
ъ Yer The letter yer of the Cyrillic alphabet, also spelled jer or er, is known as the hard sign in the modern Russian and Rusyn alphabets and as er golyam in the Bulgarian alphabet...	ă ^{(bgBulgarian language Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language, demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages such as the elimination of case declension, the... )}	ʺ
ю Yu (Cyrillic) Yu is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet. After a palatalized consonant, it represents the close back rounded vowel , somewhat like the pronunciation of ⟨oo⟩ in "boot"; elsewhere it is a so-called iotated vowel representing the combination , like the pronunciation of ⟨you⟩ in "youth"...		ju	yu
я Ya (Cyrillic) Ya is a letter of the Cyrillic alphabet, the civil script variant of Old Cyrillic Little Yus . Among modern Slavonic languages it is used by Russian, Belarusian, Ukrainian and Bulgarian to represent both the combination in initial or post-vocalic position and after a palatalised consonant; in...		ja	ya
ѫ Yus Little Yus and Big Yus , or Jus, are letters of the Cyrillic script, representing two Common Slavonic nasal vowels in the early Cyrillic and Glagolitic alphabets. Each can occur in iotified form , formed as ligatures with the letter Decimal I...	ȧ ^{(bgBulgarian language Bulgarian is an Indo-European language, a member of the Slavic linguistic group.Bulgarian, along with the closely related Macedonian language, demonstrates several linguistic characteristics that set it apart from all other Slavic languages such as the elimination of case declension, the... )}	ʺ̣

External links

Online Russian Transliterator, which supports ISO 9 Standard - "ISO 9" transliteration method must be selected.
Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts - A collection of writing systems and transliteration tables, by Thomas T. Pedersen. PDF reference charts include ISO 9.
ISO 9:1995 at ISO.org
Umschrift des russischen Alphabets—Russian transliteration in several systems, including DIN 1460 (1982) [= ISO/R9:1968].
Transliteration of Russian into various European languages
Online Transliteration (JavaScript)
CyrAcademisator Bi-directional online transliteration of Russian for ALA-LC (diacritics), scientific, ISO/R 9, ISO 9, GOST 7.79B and others. Supports Old Slavonic characters
Lingua::Translit Perl
Perl
Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Perl was originally developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions and become widely popular...

module and online service covering a variety of writing systems. Transliteration according to several standards including ISO 9 and DIN 1460 for Cyrillic.

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