Jastrebarsko
Encyclopedia
Jastrebarsko (ˈjâstrebɐrskɔ; ) is a town in Zagreb County
, Croatia
.
, Klinča Sela
, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica
and a necropolis
consisting of six tumuli
, both dating to the early Roman Empire
period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group of Noric
-Pannonia
n tumuli and they make a very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only in Donji Čehi. The location of this archeological site on the fluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys.
Sveta Marija pod Okićem (Saint Mary under Okić) (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows a migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walled refugia
. This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in the vicinity: Pavlovčani and Plešivica pass
.
word for 'hawk' or 'falcon'. This can be attributed to the practicers of falconry
, who were active in the area of southwest Zagreb County. A remnant of falconry can also be found in the Jastrebarsko coat of arms
, which features a yellow goshawk on a blue blackground. The first mention of this name is found in a 1249 document of the Croatian ban
Stjepan Gutkeled as "lands of Jastraburcza" . The town is therein described as a trade and judicial
center. In 1257 Croato-Hungarian
King Bela IV
awarded Jastrebarsko the status of a "free royal trading center" by the means of a golden bull
. This status helped Jastrebarsko combat the interests of local feudal lords
until the abolishment of the feudal system by ban Josip Jelačić
in 1848.
From 1518 to 1848 Jastrebarsko is heavily influenced by the Croato-Hungarian noble family Erdödy
. The bans Petar II
and Toma II Erdödy
were known for their victories against the spreading Ottoman Empire
. Toma, son of Petar, won the 1593 Battle of Sisak
, a major and decisive battle in the Ottomans' centuries-long occupation of Balkans
. Later, in 1809 during the expansion of Napoleon's First French Empire
, Jastrebarsko was for a short time incorporated in the Illyrian Provinces
. This lasted until Summer 1813, when the French retreated from Croatia.
Jastrebarsko started to rapidly develop following the 1848 abolishment of feudalism. The Zagreb
–Karlovac
railway was built in 1865, providing the town with a major source of employment. The local elementary school, founded in the 17th century, was augmented by a number of other cultural, social and sports organization, including a library, the singing society "Javor", association of tamburica players, a volunteer fire brigade and a theater and others.
The town was the site of a small concentration camp
for children during World War II.
, built around the Reka Creek ' onMouseout='HidePop("48019")' href="/topics/Kajkavian_dialect">Kajkavian dialect
word for river). On the west, Jastrebarsko is bordered by the Žumberak Mountain , a mountain range
spreading through southeast Slovenia
and southwest Prigorje, specifically Žumberak municipality and City of Samobor
. The average altitude of the city is 154 metres (505.2 ft) and the highest elevation in the Jastrebarsko metropolitan area is recorded on the 1181 metres (3,874.7 ft) Sveta Gera summit of the Žumberak mountain, also claimed by Slovenia.
(Adriatic
-Ionian
highway) and Zagreb-Rijeka
(Corridor Vb) rail and road corridors. There is a highway exit near Jastrebarsko on the A1 highway
, located between the Lučko interchange
near Zagreb and the Karlovac
interchange. This 37 kilometres (23 mi) stretch is the oldest modern highway in Croatia, dating back to 1970. The Zagreb–Karlovac–Rijeka magistral railroad M202, part of the Pan-European
corridor Vb, passes through Jastrebarsko. Jastrebarsko is served by a high-speed tilting train
running between Zagreb and Rijeka and commuter trains operating between the town and Zagreb. The city administration has called for a traffic study in 2007 by Ivan Dadić
, a Croatian traffic expert, to solve the transport problems riddling Jastrebarsko's roads. Preliminary opinion by Dadić called for construction of four additional interchanges on the Zagreb–Karlovac stretch that would stop Jastrebarsko from being the bottleneck exit for all commuters living on the A1 corridor.
with a slightly drier winter (Cfwbx in Köppen climate classification system). The city experiences four separate seasons. Winters are mild and summers are cool and the dry season spans through the winter and early spring. The average January low is around -6 °C, while the July high tends to be near 22 °C (71.6 °F). The average yearly temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). Record temperatures have been encountered in July 1983 (35.5 °C (95.9 °F)) and January 1985 (-25.5 °C). There are scientifically documented claims that the global warming
affects the climate in Jastrebarsko by increasing average yearly temperature by 1.2 °C (2.1 °F).
). The settlement (naselje
) of Jastrebarsko encompasses nearly a third of the total population of the town, but less than a tenth of the total area. The records from the earlier censi show a decrease in total population from a high of 17,895 in 1991, although the population of the seat settlement has been continuously increasing since at least 1981.
Jastrebarsko metropolitan area
includes the City of Jastrebarsko and three adjacent municipalities: Klinča Sela
, Krašić
and Žumberak
. The area is fairly large at 628 square kilometres (242.5 sq mi), but has a low population density and encompasses only 29,697 people.
s: Aloysius Stepinac
(1898–1960) and Franjo Kuharić
(1919–2002). Aloysius Stepinac was born in Krašić
municipality in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area and made Archbishop of Zagreb in 1937 and later cardinal in 1952. He is recognized for trying to protect the Jews, Serbs, Roma people and other minorities in Croatia from the Nazi regime during the World War II
-era Croatian puppet state
known as the Independent State of Croatia
. However, after the World War II and takeover by Yugoslav communists
, Stepinac was sentenced in 1946 by a Yugoslav court to 16 years in prison for alleged collaborating with Nazis. He was released five years later and died in home confinement. He was buried in the Zagreb Cathedral
and Franjo Šeper
succeeded him as the new Archbishop of Zagreb. The other cardinal was Franjo Kuharić
, also from Krašić. He became a priest in 1945 and succeeded Šeper (then already a cardinal) as the Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. During the early times of Yugoslavia in 1947–48 there were two attempts on his life by Yugoslav Partisans in Rakov Potok
and Jakovlje
, but he survived both of them. In 1983 pope
John Paul II chose him as a cardinal. Kuharić remained on that duty until his retirement in 1997.
Two influential Croatian politicians are known to have lived in Jastrebarsko. Vladko Maček
, a Croatian politician from the first half of the 20th century also hails from Jastrebarsko. Born in a nearby village, Kupinec
, Maček led the Croatian Peasant Party
fighting for the independence of Croatia since the assassination of Stjepan Radić
until the World War II
and the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia
, which soon sided with the Axis powers
. Ante Starčević
, termed "Father of the Croatian homeland" , fought for the independence and the democratical re-establishment of the medieval Kingdom of Croatia
, opposing the Hungarian sympathizer and ban of Croatia Khuen-Héderváry. He lived in Jastrebarsko for seven years while working in a law practice.
Jastrebarsko (ˈjâstrebɐrskɔ; ) is a town in Zagreb County
, Croatia
.
, Klinča Sela
, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica
and a necropolis
consisting of six tumuli
, both dating to the early Roman Empire
period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group of Noric
-Pannonia
n tumuli and they make a very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only in Donji Čehi. The location of this archeological site on the fluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys.
Sveta Marija pod Okićem (Saint Mary under Okić) (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows a migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walled refugia
. This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in the vicinity: Pavlovčani and Plešivica pass
.
word for 'hawk' or 'falcon'. This can be attributed to the practicers of falconry
, who were active in the area of southwest Zagreb County. A remnant of falconry can also be found in the Jastrebarsko coat of arms
, which features a yellow goshawk on a blue blackground. The first mention of this name is found in a 1249 document of the Croatian ban
Stjepan Gutkeled as "lands of Jastraburcza" . The town is therein described as a trade and judicial
center. In 1257 Croato-Hungarian
King Bela IV
awarded Jastrebarsko the status of a "free royal trading center" by the means of a golden bull
. This status helped Jastrebarsko combat the interests of local feudal lords
until the abolishment of the feudal system by ban Josip Jelačić
in 1848.
From 1518 to 1848 Jastrebarsko is heavily influenced by the Croato-Hungarian noble family Erdödy
. The bans Petar II
and Toma II Erdödy
were known for their victories against the spreading Ottoman Empire
. Toma, son of Petar, won the 1593 Battle of Sisak
, a major and decisive battle in the Ottomans' centuries-long occupation of Balkans
. Later, in 1809 during the expansion of Napoleon's First French Empire
, Jastrebarsko was for a short time incorporated in the Illyrian Provinces
. This lasted until Summer 1813, when the French retreated from Croatia.
Jastrebarsko started to rapidly develop following the 1848 abolishment of feudalism. The Zagreb
–Karlovac
railway was built in 1865, providing the town with a major source of employment. The local elementary school, founded in the 17th century, was augmented by a number of other cultural, social and sports organization, including a library, the singing society "Javor", association of tamburica players, a volunteer fire brigade and a theater and others.
The town was the site of a small concentration camp
for children during World War II.
, built around the Reka Creek ' onMouseout='HidePop("55377")' href="/topics/Kajkavian_dialect">Kajkavian dialect
word for river). On the west, Jastrebarsko is bordered by the Žumberak Mountain , a mountain range
spreading through southeast Slovenia
and southwest Prigorje, specifically Žumberak municipality and City of Samobor
. The average altitude of the city is 154 metres (505.2 ft) and the highest elevation in the Jastrebarsko metropolitan area is recorded on the 1181 metres (3,874.7 ft) Sveta Gera summit of the Žumberak mountain, also claimed by Slovenia.
(Adriatic
-Ionian
highway) and Zagreb-Rijeka
(Corridor Vb) rail and road corridors. There is a highway exit near Jastrebarsko on the A1 highway
, located between the Lučko interchange
near Zagreb and the Karlovac
interchange. This 37 kilometres (23 mi) stretch is the oldest modern highway in Croatia, dating back to 1970. The Zagreb–Karlovac–Rijeka magistral railroad M202, part of the Pan-European
corridor Vb, passes through Jastrebarsko. Jastrebarsko is served by a high-speed tilting train
running between Zagreb and Rijeka and commuter trains operating between the town and Zagreb. The city administration has called for a traffic study in 2007 by Ivan Dadić
, a Croatian traffic expert, to solve the transport problems riddling Jastrebarsko's roads. Preliminary opinion by Dadić called for construction of four additional interchanges on the Zagreb–Karlovac stretch that would stop Jastrebarsko from being the bottleneck exit for all commuters living on the A1 corridor.
with a slightly drier winter (Cfwbx in Köppen climate classification system). The city experiences four separate seasons. Winters are mild and summers are cool and the dry season spans through the winter and early spring. The average January low is around -6 °C, while the July high tends to be near 22 °C (71.6 °F). The average yearly temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). Record temperatures have been encountered in July 1983 (35.5 °C (95.9 °F)) and January 1985 (-25.5 °C). There are scientifically documented claims that the global warming
affects the climate in Jastrebarsko by increasing average yearly temperature by 1.2 °C (2.1 °F).
). The settlement (naselje
) of Jastrebarsko encompasses nearly a third of the total population of the town, but less than a tenth of the total area. The records from the earlier censi show a decrease in total population from a high of 17,895 in 1991, although the population of the seat settlement has been continuously increasing since at least 1981.
Jastrebarsko metropolitan area
includes the City of Jastrebarsko and three adjacent municipalities: Klinča Sela
, Krašić
and Žumberak
. The area is fairly large at 628 square kilometres (242.5 sq mi), but has a low population density and encompasses only 29,697 people.
Zagreb County
Zagreb County is a county in central Croatia. It surrounds – but does not contain – the nation's capital Zagreb, which is a separate territorial unit. For that reason, it is often nicknamed "Zagreb ring"...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
.
Antiquity
In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered in RepišćeRepišce
Repišće is a naselje in the municipality of Klinča Sela, Zagreb County, Croatia. According to the 2001 census, it has 354 inhabitants living in an area of .- References :...
, Klinča Sela
Klinca Sela
Klinča Sela is a municipality in Croatia in the Zagreb county. According to the 2001 census, there are 5,927 inhabitants....
, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica
Villa rustica
Villa rustica was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a villa set in the open countryside, often as the hub of a large agricultural estate . The adjective rusticum was used to distinguish it from an urban or resort villa...
and a necropolis
Necropolis
A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground, usually including structural tombs. The word comes from the Greek νεκρόπολις - nekropolis, literally meaning "city of the dead"...
consisting of six tumuli
Tumulus
A tumulus is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world. A tumulus composed largely or entirely of stones is usually referred to as a cairn...
, both dating to the early Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group of Noric
Noricum
Noricum, in ancient geography, was a Celtic kingdom stretching over the area of today's Austria and a part of Slovenia. It became a province of the Roman Empire...
-Pannonia
Pannonia
Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
n tumuli and they make a very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only in Donji Čehi. The location of this archeological site on the fluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys.
Sveta Marija pod Okićem (Saint Mary under Okić) (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows a migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walled refugia
Refugia
In biology a refugium , sometimes termed simply a refuge, is a location of an isolated or relict population of a once more widespread species. This isolation can be due to climatic changes, geography, or human activities such as deforestation and over-hunting...
. This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in the vicinity: Pavlovčani and Plešivica pass
Mountain pass
A mountain pass is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge. If following the lowest possible route, a pass is locally the highest point on that route...
.
Modern settlement
The name Jastrebarsko is derived from jastreb, the CroatianCroatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
word for 'hawk' or 'falcon'. This can be attributed to the practicers of falconry
Falconry
Falconry is "the taking of wild quarry in its natural state and habitat by means of a trained raptor". There are two traditional terms used to describe a person involved in falconry: a falconer flies a falcon; an austringer flies a hawk or an eagle...
, who were active in the area of southwest Zagreb County. A remnant of falconry can also be found in the Jastrebarsko coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
, which features a yellow goshawk on a blue blackground. The first mention of this name is found in a 1249 document of the Croatian ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
Stjepan Gutkeled as "lands of Jastraburcza" . The town is therein described as a trade and judicial
History of criminal justice
Throughout the history of criminal justice, evolving forms of punishment, added rights for offenders and victims, and policing reforms have reflected changing customs, political ideals, and economic conditions.- Ancient China :...
center. In 1257 Croato-Hungarian
Croatia in personal union with Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia after the succession crisis become a part of Kingdom of Hungary and — depending on sources — either was incorporated into Hungary or Croatia existed in a personal union with Hungary....
King Bela IV
Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV , King of Hungary and of Croatia , duke of Styria 1254–58. One of the most famous kings of Hungary, he distinguished himself through his policy of strengthening of the royal power following the example of his grandfather Bela III, and by the rebuilding Hungary after the catastrophe of the...
awarded Jastrebarsko the status of a "free royal trading center" by the means of a golden bull
Golden Bull
A Golden Bull or chrysobull was a golden ornament representing a seal , attached to a decree issued by Byzantine Emperors and later by monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The term was originally coined for the golden seal itself but came to be applied to the entire decree...
. This status helped Jastrebarsko combat the interests of local feudal lords
Examples of feudalism
Examples of feudalism are helpful to fully understand feudalism and feudal society. Feudalism was practiced in many different ways, depending on location and time period, thus a high-level encompassing conceptual definition does not always provide a reader with the intimate understanding that...
until the abolishment of the feudal system by ban Josip Jelačić
Josip Jelacic
Count Josip Jelačić of Bužim was the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 May 1859...
in 1848.
From 1518 to 1848 Jastrebarsko is heavily influenced by the Croato-Hungarian noble family Erdödy
Erdody
Erdődy is the name of a Hungarian noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary . The Habsburg Monarchy granted them the title Graf / Gräfin....
. The bans Petar II
Petar Erdödy
Péter Erdödy was the ban of Croatia from 1557 to 1567 and the founding member of the Croatian branch of the Erdödy noble family.Péter was born in 1504. He was the son of Peter I...
and Toma II Erdödy
Toma Erdödy
Count Tamás Erdődy was a Croatian ban and member of the Erdödy noble family .He succeeded Krsto Ungnad as ban in 1583. He was the son of former ban Petar Erdödy. During his reign he scored many victories against the Ottoman Empire's armies. His first victory occurred near Slunj in 1584. In 1591...
were known for their victories against the spreading Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. Toma, son of Petar, won the 1593 Battle of Sisak
Battle of Sisak
The Battle of Sisak was fought on June 22, 1593, between Ottoman forces of the Bosnian governor-general, or Beylerbeyi, Hasan-paša Predojević, and forces of the Holy Roman Empire under the supreme command of the Styrian general Ruprecht von Eggenberg...
, a major and decisive battle in the Ottomans' centuries-long occupation of Balkans
Growth of the Ottoman Empire
The Growth of the Ottoman Empire is the period followed after the Rise of the Ottoman Empire in which the Ottoman state reached the Pax Ottomana. In this period, the Ottoman Empire expanded southwestwards into North Africa and battled with the re-emergent Persian Shi'ia Safavid Empire to the east...
. Later, in 1809 during the expansion of Napoleon's First French Empire
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
, Jastrebarsko was for a short time incorporated in the Illyrian Provinces
Illyrian provinces
The Illyrian Provinces was an autonomous province of the Napoleonic French Empire on the north and east coasts of the Adriatic Sea between 1809 and 1816. Its capital was established at Laybach...
. This lasted until Summer 1813, when the French retreated from Croatia.
Jastrebarsko started to rapidly develop following the 1848 abolishment of feudalism. The Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
–Karlovac
Karlovac
Karlovac is a city and municipality in central Croatia. The city proper has a population of 49,082, while the municipality has a population of 59,395 inhabitants .Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County...
railway was built in 1865, providing the town with a major source of employment. The local elementary school, founded in the 17th century, was augmented by a number of other cultural, social and sports organization, including a library, the singing society "Javor", association of tamburica players, a volunteer fire brigade and a theater and others.
The town was the site of a small concentration camp
Jastrebarsko concentration camp
Jastrebarsko Concentration Camp was a concentration camp that housed Serbian children between the ages of one month to fourteen years during World War II, located in Jastrebarsko, Croatia. It was open for two months in 1942. The camp was set up specifically for children from Kozara and from...
for children during World War II.
Geography
Jastrebarsko is located in the Prigorje region of Central CroatiaCentral Croatia
Central Croatia or Croatia proper is a term that refers to the areas of the Republic of Croatia that were part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia which excluded Istria, Slavonia, and Dalmatia...
, built around the Reka Creek ' onMouseout='HidePop("48019")' href="/topics/Kajkavian_dialect">Kajkavian dialect
Kajkavian dialect
The Kajkavian dialect is one of the three main dialects of Croatian. It has low mutual intelligibility with the other two dialects, Štokavian and Čakavian. All three are named after their word for "what?", which in Kajkavian is kaj....
word for river). On the west, Jastrebarsko is bordered by the Žumberak Mountain , a mountain range
Mountain range
A mountain range is a single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, direction, formation, and age; a component part of a mountain system or of a mountain chain...
spreading through southeast Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
and southwest Prigorje, specifically Žumberak municipality and City of Samobor
Samobor
Samobor is a town in the Zagreb County, Croatia. It is part of the Zagreb metropolitan area.-Geography:Samobor is located west of Zagreb, between the eastern slopes of the Samoborsko gorje , in the Sava River valley.-Population:...
. The average altitude of the city is 154 metres (505.2 ft) and the highest elevation in the Jastrebarsko metropolitan area is recorded on the 1181 metres (3,874.7 ft) Sveta Gera summit of the Žumberak mountain, also claimed by Slovenia.
Transport
Jastrebarsko lies on both Zagreb–SplitSplit (city)
Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...
(Adriatic
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
-Ionian
Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea , is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania to the north, and a large number of Greek islands, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and...
highway) and Zagreb-Rijeka
Rijeka
Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
(Corridor Vb) rail and road corridors. There is a highway exit near Jastrebarsko on the A1 highway
A1 (Croatia)
The A1 motorway is the longest motorway in Croatia spanning . As it connects Zagreb, the nation's capital, to Split, the second largest city in the country and the largest city in Dalmatia, the motorway represents a major north–south transportation corridor in Croatia and a significant part of the...
, located between the Lučko interchange
Lučko interchange
The Lučko interchange is a stack interchange in Zagreb, Croatia. It is named after nearby Zagreb neighborhood of Lučko. The interchange represents the northern terminus of the A1 motorway and it connects the A1 route to the A3 motorway between Jankomir interchange and Buzin exit, also representing...
near Zagreb and the Karlovac
Karlovac
Karlovac is a city and municipality in central Croatia. The city proper has a population of 49,082, while the municipality has a population of 59,395 inhabitants .Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County...
interchange. This 37 kilometres (23 mi) stretch is the oldest modern highway in Croatia, dating back to 1970. The Zagreb–Karlovac–Rijeka magistral railroad M202, part of the Pan-European
Pan-European corridors
The ten Pan-European transport corridors were defined at the second Pan-European transport Conference in Crete, March 1994, as routes in Central and Eastern Europe that required major investment over the next ten to fifteen years. Additions were made at the third conference in Helsinki in 1997...
corridor Vb, passes through Jastrebarsko. Jastrebarsko is served by a high-speed tilting train
Tilting train
A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide about or seated passengers to feel squashed by the outboard armrest due to...
running between Zagreb and Rijeka and commuter trains operating between the town and Zagreb. The city administration has called for a traffic study in 2007 by Ivan Dadić
Ivan Dadic
Ivan Dadić, DSc is a Croatian professor working on the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering on the University of Zagreb. He is well known for his proposed changes to alleviate traffic congestion in Zagreb and better the transportation situation in Croatia.Dadić was born in the village of...
, a Croatian traffic expert, to solve the transport problems riddling Jastrebarsko's roads. Preliminary opinion by Dadić called for construction of four additional interchanges on the Zagreb–Karlovac stretch that would stop Jastrebarsko from being the bottleneck exit for all commuters living on the A1 corridor.
Climate
The climate of Jastrebarsko is classified as maritime temperateOceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also called marine west coast climate, maritime climate, Cascadian climate and British climate for Köppen climate classification Cfb and subtropical highland for Köppen Cfb or Cwb, is a type of climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of some of the...
with a slightly drier winter (Cfwbx in Köppen climate classification system). The city experiences four separate seasons. Winters are mild and summers are cool and the dry season spans through the winter and early spring. The average January low is around -6 °C, while the July high tends to be near 22 °C (71.6 °F). The average yearly temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). Record temperatures have been encountered in July 1983 (35.5 °C (95.9 °F)) and January 1985 (-25.5 °C). There are scientifically documented claims that the global warming
Global warming
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans and its projected continuation. In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades...
affects the climate in Jastrebarsko by increasing average yearly temperature by 1.2 °C (2.1 °F).
Demographics
In the 2011 census, the city of Jastrebarsko has a total population of 16,667, 5,491 of whom live in the settlement of Jastrebarsko itself (naseljeNaselje
Naselje is a settlement in Croatia, usually translated as settlement. It is the smallest unit of Croatian territory. Individual settlements are by and large referred to as selo , while naselje is a statistical and administrative category. The units of local government in Croatia, cities and...
). The settlement (naselje
Naselje
Naselje is a settlement in Croatia, usually translated as settlement. It is the smallest unit of Croatian territory. Individual settlements are by and large referred to as selo , while naselje is a statistical and administrative category. The units of local government in Croatia, cities and...
) of Jastrebarsko encompasses nearly a third of the total population of the town, but less than a tenth of the total area. The records from the earlier censi show a decrease in total population from a high of 17,895 in 1991, although the population of the seat settlement has been continuously increasing since at least 1981.
Jastrebarsko metropolitan area
Metropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
includes the City of Jastrebarsko and three adjacent municipalities: Klinča Sela
Klinca Sela
Klinča Sela is a municipality in Croatia in the Zagreb county. According to the 2001 census, there are 5,927 inhabitants....
, Krašić
Krašic
Krašić is a village in central Croatia, located near Jastrebarsko and Ozalj, south of Žumberak and north of Kupa, about 50 km southwest of Zagreb. Krašić comprises an area of about 3.63 km²...
and Žumberak
Žumberak (municipality)
Žumberak is a village and a municipality in Croatia in the Zagreb County. According to the 2001 census, there are 1,185 inhabitants, 95% which are Croats...
. The area is fairly large at 628 square kilometres (242.5 sq mi), but has a low population density and encompasses only 29,697 people.
Settlements
The settlements in the city administrative area are:- Belčići, population 91
- Brebrovac, population 76
- Brezari, population 62
- Breznik Plešivički, population 123
- Bukovac Svetojanski, population 80
- CelineCeline- People with the family name Celine :* Louis-Ferdinand Céline, pen name of French author Louis-Ferdinand Destouches- People with the given name Celine :* Céline Dion, , French-Canadian pop singer.* Celine Helgemo, Norwegian singer...
, population 70 - Crna Mlaka, population 30
- Cvetković, population 618
- Čabdin, population 134
- ČegljeČegljeČeglje is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D1 highway....
, population 376 - Črnilovec, population 119
- Dolanjski Jarak, population 32
- Domagović, population 540
- Donja Reka, population 347
- Donji Desinec, population 802
- Draga Svetojanska, population 159
- Dragovanščak, population 97
- GoljakGoljakGoljak are mountains in the eastern part of Kosovo, bordering the Lab region to the west and Central Serbia to the east. The cities of Pristina and Gnjilane in Kosovo, and Sijarinska Banja in Central Serbia are located by the mountains...
, population 58 - Gorica Svetojanska, population 116
- Gornja Kupčina, population 148
- Gornja Reka, population 355
- Gornji Desinec, population 650
- Grabarak, population 0
- Gračac Slavetićki, population 5
- Guci Draganički, population 301
- Hrastje Plešivičko, population 183
- Hrašća, population 86
- IvančićiIvančićiIvančići is a village in the municipality of Ilijaš, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
, population 200 - Izimje, population 223
- JastrebarskoJastrebarsko- Antiquity :In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered in Repišće, Klinča Sela, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica and a necropolis consisting of six tumuli, both dating to...
, population 5,491 - Jurjevčani, population 100
- Kupeć Dol, population 97
- LanišćeLanišceLanišće is a village and municipality in Istria, Croatia. In 2001, the population of the area was 398, over 95% of the population are Croats....
, population 0 - Lokošin Dol, population 89
- Malunje, population 207
- Miladini, population 57
- Novaki PetrovinskiNovaki PetrovinskiNovaki Petrovinski is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D1 highway....
, population 299 - Orešje Okićko, population 14
- Paljugi, population 10
- Pavlovčani, population 293
- Pesak, population 13
- Petrovina, population 244
- Plešivica, population 301
- Prhoć, population 232
- Prilipje, population 226
- Prodin Dol, population 98
- Rastoki, population 107
- Redovje, population 31
- Slavetić, population 83
- Srednjak, population 45
- StankovoStankovoStankovo is a village in the hills to the south of Velike Malence in the Brežice municipality in eastern Slovenia. The area was traditionally part of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Spodnjeposavska statistical region.The local church is dedicated to Saint...
, population 371 - Špigelski Breg, population 0
- Tihočaj, population 3
- Toplice, population 93
- Vlaškovec, population 117
- Volavje, population 408
- Vranov Dol, population 138
- Vukšin Šipak, population 314
- ZdihovoZdihovoZdihovo is an abandoned settlement in the Kočevje municipality in southern Slovenia. It was inhabited by Gottschee Germans. At the start of the Second World War its original population was expelled...
, population 309
Notable inhabitants
Jastrebarsko was home to two important Croatian Roman Catholic cardinalCardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
s: Aloysius Stepinac
Aloysius Stepinac
Aloysius Viktor Stepinac , also known as Blessed Aloysius Stepinac, was a Croatian Catholic cardinal and Archbishop of Zagreb from 1937 to 1960. In 1998 he was declared a martyr and beatified by Pope John Paul II....
(1898–1960) and Franjo Kuharić
Franjo Kuharic
Franjo Kuharić was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.He was ordained in 1945 and became a bishop in 1964. He was appointed Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. In 1983 he was made a Cardinal by Pope John Paul II...
(1919–2002). Aloysius Stepinac was born in Krašić
Krašic
Krašić is a village in central Croatia, located near Jastrebarsko and Ozalj, south of Žumberak and north of Kupa, about 50 km southwest of Zagreb. Krašić comprises an area of about 3.63 km²...
municipality in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area and made Archbishop of Zagreb in 1937 and later cardinal in 1952. He is recognized for trying to protect the Jews, Serbs, Roma people and other minorities in Croatia from the Nazi regime during the World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
-era Croatian puppet state
Puppet state
A puppet state is a nominal sovereign of a state who is de facto controlled by a foreign power. The term refers to a government controlled by the government of another country like a puppeteer controls the strings of a marionette...
known as the Independent State of Croatia
Independent State of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia was a World War II puppet state of Nazi Germany, established on a part of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia. The NDH was founded on 10 April 1941, after the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers. All of Bosnia and Herzegovina was annexed to NDH, together with some parts...
. However, after the World War II and takeover by Yugoslav communists
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
The Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia was the Yugoslav state that existed from the abolition of the Yugoslav monarchy until it was dissolved in 1992 amid the Yugoslav Wars. It was a socialist state and a federation made up of six socialist republics: Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia,...
, Stepinac was sentenced in 1946 by a Yugoslav court to 16 years in prison for alleged collaborating with Nazis. He was released five years later and died in home confinement. He was buried in the Zagreb Cathedral
Zagreb cathedral
Zagreb Cathedral on Kaptol is the most famous building in Zagreb, and the tallest building in Croatia. It is dedicated to the Holy Virgin's Ascension and to St. Stephen and St. Ladislaus. The cathedral is typically Gothic, as is its sacristy, which is of great architectonic value...
and Franjo Šeper
Franjo Šeper
Franjo Šeper was a Croatian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Prefect of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith from 1968 to 1981, and was elevated to the cardinalate in 1965....
succeeded him as the new Archbishop of Zagreb. The other cardinal was Franjo Kuharić
Franjo Kuharic
Franjo Kuharić was a Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.He was ordained in 1945 and became a bishop in 1964. He was appointed Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. In 1983 he was made a Cardinal by Pope John Paul II...
, also from Krašić. He became a priest in 1945 and succeeded Šeper (then already a cardinal) as the Archbishop of Zagreb in 1970. During the early times of Yugoslavia in 1947–48 there were two attempts on his life by Yugoslav Partisans in Rakov Potok
Rakov Potok
Rakov Potok is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D1 highway.The area is known to have several mass graves from World War II. In 2011, it emerged that the area likely contained the remains of the last government of the Independent State of Croatia executed in 1945.-References:...
and Jakovlje
Jakovlje
Jakovlje is a municipality in Croatia, in Zagreb county. According to the 2001 census there are 3,952 inhabitants, a majority of which are Croats. The municipality consists of three settlements: Igrišće, Jakovlje and Kraljev Vrh.-External links:...
, but he survived both of them. In 1983 pope
Pope
The Pope is the Bishop of Rome, a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide Catholic Church . In the Catholic Church, the Pope is regarded as the successor of Saint Peter, the Apostle...
John Paul II chose him as a cardinal. Kuharić remained on that duty until his retirement in 1997.
Two influential Croatian politicians are known to have lived in Jastrebarsko. Vladko Maček
Vladko Macek
Vladko Maček was a Croatian politician active within the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 20th century. He led the Croatian Peasant Party following the assassination of Stjepan Radić, and all through World War II.- Early life :Maček was born to a Slovene-Czech family in the village...
, a Croatian politician from the first half of the 20th century also hails from Jastrebarsko. Born in a nearby village, Kupinec
Kupinec
Kupinec is a village in Croatia....
, Maček led the Croatian Peasant Party
Croatian Peasant Party
The Croatian Peasant Party is a center and socially conservative political party in Croatia.-Austria-Hungary:The Croatian People's Peasant Party was formed on December 22, 1904 by Antun Radić along with his brother Stjepan Radić. The party contested elections for the first time in the Kingdom of...
fighting for the independence of Croatia since the assassination of Stjepan Radić
Stjepan Radic
Stjepan Radić was a Croatian politician and the founder of the Croatian Peasant Party in 1905. Radić is credited with galvanizing the peasantry of Croatia into a viable political force...
until the World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
and the establishment of the Independent State of Croatia
Independent State of Croatia
The Independent State of Croatia was a World War II puppet state of Nazi Germany, established on a part of Axis-occupied Yugoslavia. The NDH was founded on 10 April 1941, after the invasion of Yugoslavia by the Axis powers. All of Bosnia and Herzegovina was annexed to NDH, together with some parts...
, which soon sided with the Axis powers
Axis Powers
The Axis powers , also known as the Axis alliance, Axis nations, Axis countries, or just the Axis, was an alignment of great powers during the mid-20th century that fought World War II against the Allies. It began in 1936 with treaties of friendship between Germany and Italy and between Germany and...
. Ante Starčević
Ante Starcevic
Ante Starčević , was a Croatian politician and writer whose activities and works laid the foundations for the modern Croatian state.His works are base for Croatian nationalism, he is often referred to as Father of the Fatherland by Croats.-Life:...
, termed "Father of the Croatian homeland" , fought for the independence and the democratical re-establishment of the medieval Kingdom of Croatia
Kingdom of Croatia (medieval)
The Kingdom of Croatia , also known as the Kingdom of the Croats , was a medieval kingdom covering most of what is today Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans.Established in 925, it ruled as a sovereign state for almost two centuries...
, opposing the Hungarian sympathizer and ban of Croatia Khuen-Héderváry. He lived in Jastrebarsko for seven years while working in a law practice.
Jastrebarsko (ˈjâstrebɐrskɔ; ) is a town in Zagreb County
Zagreb County
Zagreb County is a county in central Croatia. It surrounds – but does not contain – the nation's capital Zagreb, which is a separate territorial unit. For that reason, it is often nicknamed "Zagreb ring"...
, Croatia
Croatia
Croatia , officially the Republic of Croatia , is a unitary democratic parliamentary republic in Europe at the crossroads of the Mitteleuropa, the Balkans, and the Mediterranean. Its capital and largest city is Zagreb. The country is divided into 20 counties and the city of Zagreb. Croatia covers ...
.
Antiquity
In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered in RepišćeRepišce
Repišće is a naselje in the municipality of Klinča Sela, Zagreb County, Croatia. According to the 2001 census, it has 354 inhabitants living in an area of .- References :...
, Klinča Sela
Klinca Sela
Klinča Sela is a municipality in Croatia in the Zagreb county. According to the 2001 census, there are 5,927 inhabitants....
, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica
Villa rustica
Villa rustica was the term used by the ancient Romans to denote a villa set in the open countryside, often as the hub of a large agricultural estate . The adjective rusticum was used to distinguish it from an urban or resort villa...
and a necropolis
Necropolis
A necropolis is a large cemetery or burial ground, usually including structural tombs. The word comes from the Greek νεκρόπολις - nekropolis, literally meaning "city of the dead"...
consisting of six tumuli
Tumulus
A tumulus is a mound of earth and stones raised over a grave or graves. Tumuli are also known as barrows, burial mounds, Hügelgrab or kurgans, and can be found throughout much of the world. A tumulus composed largely or entirely of stones is usually referred to as a cairn...
, both dating to the early Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
period. The remnants are deemed to be the westernmost group of Noric
Noricum
Noricum, in ancient geography, was a Celtic kingdom stretching over the area of today's Austria and a part of Slovenia. It became a province of the Roman Empire...
-Pannonia
Pannonia
Pannonia was an ancient province of the Roman Empire bounded north and east by the Danube, coterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia....
n tumuli and they make a very rare occasion of tombstones located directly on top of tumuli, which is in the rest of Croatia recorded only in Donji Čehi. The location of this archeological site on the fluvial terraces of the local Konjava stream is attributed to the peaceful state of the central Roman Empire, which in turn led to formation of settlements in river valleys.
Sveta Marija pod Okićem (Saint Mary under Okić) (locally nicknamed Grič), an archeological site located some 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) north of Repišće dating to 4th century, shows a migration from easily accessible locations to steeper hills and creation of isolated walled refugia
Refugia
In biology a refugium , sometimes termed simply a refuge, is a location of an isolated or relict population of a once more widespread species. This isolation can be due to climatic changes, geography, or human activities such as deforestation and over-hunting...
. This is attributed to the loss of stability in the Pannonian region and in the Empire overall. A necropolis belonging to Sveta Marija was found on the small valley of Popov Dol and small items were excavated therefrom. Those were mostly bronze bracelets and glass chalices, items that Romans buried with their deceased. Two similar sites were found in the vicinity: Pavlovčani and Plešivica pass
Mountain pass
A mountain pass is a route through a mountain range or over a ridge. If following the lowest possible route, a pass is locally the highest point on that route...
.
Modern settlement
The name Jastrebarsko is derived from jastreb, the CroatianCroatian language
Croatian is the collective name for the standard language and dialects spoken by Croats, principally in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, the Serbian province of Vojvodina and other neighbouring countries...
word for 'hawk' or 'falcon'. This can be attributed to the practicers of falconry
Falconry
Falconry is "the taking of wild quarry in its natural state and habitat by means of a trained raptor". There are two traditional terms used to describe a person involved in falconry: a falconer flies a falcon; an austringer flies a hawk or an eagle...
, who were active in the area of southwest Zagreb County. A remnant of falconry can also be found in the Jastrebarsko coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
, which features a yellow goshawk on a blue blackground. The first mention of this name is found in a 1249 document of the Croatian ban
Ban (title)
Ban was a title used in several states in central and south-eastern Europe between the 7th century and the 20th century.-Etymology:The word ban has entered the English language probably as a borrowing from South Slavic ban, meaning "lord, master; ruler". The Slavic word is probably borrowed from...
Stjepan Gutkeled as "lands of Jastraburcza" . The town is therein described as a trade and judicial
History of criminal justice
Throughout the history of criminal justice, evolving forms of punishment, added rights for offenders and victims, and policing reforms have reflected changing customs, political ideals, and economic conditions.- Ancient China :...
center. In 1257 Croato-Hungarian
Croatia in personal union with Hungary
Kingdom of Croatia after the succession crisis become a part of Kingdom of Hungary and — depending on sources — either was incorporated into Hungary or Croatia existed in a personal union with Hungary....
King Bela IV
Béla IV of Hungary
Béla IV , King of Hungary and of Croatia , duke of Styria 1254–58. One of the most famous kings of Hungary, he distinguished himself through his policy of strengthening of the royal power following the example of his grandfather Bela III, and by the rebuilding Hungary after the catastrophe of the...
awarded Jastrebarsko the status of a "free royal trading center" by the means of a golden bull
Golden Bull
A Golden Bull or chrysobull was a golden ornament representing a seal , attached to a decree issued by Byzantine Emperors and later by monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance. The term was originally coined for the golden seal itself but came to be applied to the entire decree...
. This status helped Jastrebarsko combat the interests of local feudal lords
Examples of feudalism
Examples of feudalism are helpful to fully understand feudalism and feudal society. Feudalism was practiced in many different ways, depending on location and time period, thus a high-level encompassing conceptual definition does not always provide a reader with the intimate understanding that...
until the abolishment of the feudal system by ban Josip Jelačić
Josip Jelacic
Count Josip Jelačić of Bužim was the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 May 1859...
in 1848.
From 1518 to 1848 Jastrebarsko is heavily influenced by the Croato-Hungarian noble family Erdödy
Erdody
Erdődy is the name of a Hungarian noble family in the Kingdom of Hungary . The Habsburg Monarchy granted them the title Graf / Gräfin....
. The bans Petar II
Petar Erdödy
Péter Erdödy was the ban of Croatia from 1557 to 1567 and the founding member of the Croatian branch of the Erdödy noble family.Péter was born in 1504. He was the son of Peter I...
and Toma II Erdödy
Toma Erdödy
Count Tamás Erdődy was a Croatian ban and member of the Erdödy noble family .He succeeded Krsto Ungnad as ban in 1583. He was the son of former ban Petar Erdödy. During his reign he scored many victories against the Ottoman Empire's armies. His first victory occurred near Slunj in 1584. In 1591...
were known for their victories against the spreading Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
. Toma, son of Petar, won the 1593 Battle of Sisak
Battle of Sisak
The Battle of Sisak was fought on June 22, 1593, between Ottoman forces of the Bosnian governor-general, or Beylerbeyi, Hasan-paša Predojević, and forces of the Holy Roman Empire under the supreme command of the Styrian general Ruprecht von Eggenberg...
, a major and decisive battle in the Ottomans' centuries-long occupation of Balkans
Growth of the Ottoman Empire
The Growth of the Ottoman Empire is the period followed after the Rise of the Ottoman Empire in which the Ottoman state reached the Pax Ottomana. In this period, the Ottoman Empire expanded southwestwards into North Africa and battled with the re-emergent Persian Shi'ia Safavid Empire to the east...
. Later, in 1809 during the expansion of Napoleon's First French Empire
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
, Jastrebarsko was for a short time incorporated in the Illyrian Provinces
Illyrian provinces
The Illyrian Provinces was an autonomous province of the Napoleonic French Empire on the north and east coasts of the Adriatic Sea between 1809 and 1816. Its capital was established at Laybach...
. This lasted until Summer 1813, when the French retreated from Croatia.
Jastrebarsko started to rapidly develop following the 1848 abolishment of feudalism. The Zagreb
Zagreb
Zagreb is the capital and the largest city of the Republic of Croatia. It is in the northwest of the country, along the Sava river, at the southern slopes of the Medvednica mountain. Zagreb lies at an elevation of approximately above sea level. According to the last official census, Zagreb's city...
–Karlovac
Karlovac
Karlovac is a city and municipality in central Croatia. The city proper has a population of 49,082, while the municipality has a population of 59,395 inhabitants .Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County...
railway was built in 1865, providing the town with a major source of employment. The local elementary school, founded in the 17th century, was augmented by a number of other cultural, social and sports organization, including a library, the singing society "Javor", association of tamburica players, a volunteer fire brigade and a theater and others.
The town was the site of a small concentration camp
Jastrebarsko concentration camp
Jastrebarsko Concentration Camp was a concentration camp that housed Serbian children between the ages of one month to fourteen years during World War II, located in Jastrebarsko, Croatia. It was open for two months in 1942. The camp was set up specifically for children from Kozara and from...
for children during World War II.
Geography
Jastrebarsko is located in the Prigorje region of Central CroatiaCentral Croatia
Central Croatia or Croatia proper is a term that refers to the areas of the Republic of Croatia that were part of the Habsburg Kingdom of Croatia which excluded Istria, Slavonia, and Dalmatia...
, built around the Reka Creek ' onMouseout='HidePop("55377")' href="/topics/Kajkavian_dialect">Kajkavian dialect
Kajkavian dialect
The Kajkavian dialect is one of the three main dialects of Croatian. It has low mutual intelligibility with the other two dialects, Štokavian and Čakavian. All three are named after their word for "what?", which in Kajkavian is kaj....
word for river). On the west, Jastrebarsko is bordered by the Žumberak Mountain , a mountain range
Mountain range
A mountain range is a single, large mass consisting of a succession of mountains or narrowly spaced mountain ridges, with or without peaks, closely related in position, direction, formation, and age; a component part of a mountain system or of a mountain chain...
spreading through southeast Slovenia
Slovenia
Slovenia , officially the Republic of Slovenia , is a country in Central and Southeastern Europe touching the Alps and bordering the Mediterranean. Slovenia borders Italy to the west, Croatia to the south and east, Hungary to the northeast, and Austria to the north, and also has a small portion of...
and southwest Prigorje, specifically Žumberak municipality and City of Samobor
Samobor
Samobor is a town in the Zagreb County, Croatia. It is part of the Zagreb metropolitan area.-Geography:Samobor is located west of Zagreb, between the eastern slopes of the Samoborsko gorje , in the Sava River valley.-Population:...
. The average altitude of the city is 154 metres (505.2 ft) and the highest elevation in the Jastrebarsko metropolitan area is recorded on the 1181 metres (3,874.7 ft) Sveta Gera summit of the Žumberak mountain, also claimed by Slovenia.
Transport
Jastrebarsko lies on both Zagreb–SplitSplit (city)
Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...
(Adriatic
Adriatic Sea
The Adriatic Sea is a body of water separating the Italian Peninsula from the Balkan peninsula, and the system of the Apennine Mountains from that of the Dinaric Alps and adjacent ranges...
-Ionian
Ionian Sea
The Ionian Sea , is an arm of the Mediterranean Sea, south of the Adriatic Sea. It is bounded by southern Italy including Calabria, Sicily and the Salento peninsula to the west, southern Albania to the north, and a large number of Greek islands, including Corfu, Zante, Kephalonia, Ithaka, and...
highway) and Zagreb-Rijeka
Rijeka
Rijeka is the principal seaport and the third largest city in Croatia . It is located on Kvarner Bay, an inlet of the Adriatic Sea and has a population of 128,735 inhabitants...
(Corridor Vb) rail and road corridors. There is a highway exit near Jastrebarsko on the A1 highway
A1 (Croatia)
The A1 motorway is the longest motorway in Croatia spanning . As it connects Zagreb, the nation's capital, to Split, the second largest city in the country and the largest city in Dalmatia, the motorway represents a major north–south transportation corridor in Croatia and a significant part of the...
, located between the Lučko interchange
Lučko interchange
The Lučko interchange is a stack interchange in Zagreb, Croatia. It is named after nearby Zagreb neighborhood of Lučko. The interchange represents the northern terminus of the A1 motorway and it connects the A1 route to the A3 motorway between Jankomir interchange and Buzin exit, also representing...
near Zagreb and the Karlovac
Karlovac
Karlovac is a city and municipality in central Croatia. The city proper has a population of 49,082, while the municipality has a population of 59,395 inhabitants .Karlovac is the administrative centre of Karlovac County...
interchange. This 37 kilometres (23 mi) stretch is the oldest modern highway in Croatia, dating back to 1970. The Zagreb–Karlovac–Rijeka magistral railroad M202, part of the Pan-European
Pan-European corridors
The ten Pan-European transport corridors were defined at the second Pan-European transport Conference in Crete, March 1994, as routes in Central and Eastern Europe that required major investment over the next ten to fifteen years. Additions were made at the third conference in Helsinki in 1997...
corridor Vb, passes through Jastrebarsko. Jastrebarsko is served by a high-speed tilting train
Tilting train
A tilting train is a train that has a mechanism enabling increased speed on regular rail tracks. As a train rounds a curve at speed, objects inside the train experience centrifugal force. This can cause packages to slide about or seated passengers to feel squashed by the outboard armrest due to...
running between Zagreb and Rijeka and commuter trains operating between the town and Zagreb. The city administration has called for a traffic study in 2007 by Ivan Dadić
Ivan Dadic
Ivan Dadić, DSc is a Croatian professor working on the Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering on the University of Zagreb. He is well known for his proposed changes to alleviate traffic congestion in Zagreb and better the transportation situation in Croatia.Dadić was born in the village of...
, a Croatian traffic expert, to solve the transport problems riddling Jastrebarsko's roads. Preliminary opinion by Dadić called for construction of four additional interchanges on the Zagreb–Karlovac stretch that would stop Jastrebarsko from being the bottleneck exit for all commuters living on the A1 corridor.
Climate
The climate of Jastrebarsko is classified as maritime temperateOceanic climate
An oceanic climate, also called marine west coast climate, maritime climate, Cascadian climate and British climate for Köppen climate classification Cfb and subtropical highland for Köppen Cfb or Cwb, is a type of climate typically found along the west coasts at the middle latitudes of some of the...
with a slightly drier winter (Cfwbx in Köppen climate classification system). The city experiences four separate seasons. Winters are mild and summers are cool and the dry season spans through the winter and early spring. The average January low is around -6 °C, while the July high tends to be near 22 °C (71.6 °F). The average yearly temperature is 10 °C (50 °F). Record temperatures have been encountered in July 1983 (35.5 °C (95.9 °F)) and January 1985 (-25.5 °C). There are scientifically documented claims that the global warming
Global warming
Global warming refers to the rising average temperature of Earth's atmosphere and oceans and its projected continuation. In the last 100 years, Earth's average surface temperature increased by about with about two thirds of the increase occurring over just the last three decades...
affects the climate in Jastrebarsko by increasing average yearly temperature by 1.2 °C (2.1 °F).
Demographics
In the 2011 census, the city of Jastrebarsko has a total population of 16,667, 5,491 of whom live in the settlement of Jastrebarsko itself (naseljeNaselje
Naselje is a settlement in Croatia, usually translated as settlement. It is the smallest unit of Croatian territory. Individual settlements are by and large referred to as selo , while naselje is a statistical and administrative category. The units of local government in Croatia, cities and...
). The settlement (naselje
Naselje
Naselje is a settlement in Croatia, usually translated as settlement. It is the smallest unit of Croatian territory. Individual settlements are by and large referred to as selo , while naselje is a statistical and administrative category. The units of local government in Croatia, cities and...
) of Jastrebarsko encompasses nearly a third of the total population of the town, but less than a tenth of the total area. The records from the earlier censi show a decrease in total population from a high of 17,895 in 1991, although the population of the seat settlement has been continuously increasing since at least 1981.
Jastrebarsko metropolitan area
Metropolitan area
The term metropolitan area refers to a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories, sharing industry, infrastructure, and housing. A metropolitan area usually encompasses multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighborhoods, townships,...
includes the City of Jastrebarsko and three adjacent municipalities: Klinča Sela
Klinca Sela
Klinča Sela is a municipality in Croatia in the Zagreb county. According to the 2001 census, there are 5,927 inhabitants....
, Krašić
Krašic
Krašić is a village in central Croatia, located near Jastrebarsko and Ozalj, south of Žumberak and north of Kupa, about 50 km southwest of Zagreb. Krašić comprises an area of about 3.63 km²...
and Žumberak
Žumberak (municipality)
Žumberak is a village and a municipality in Croatia in the Zagreb County. According to the 2001 census, there are 1,185 inhabitants, 95% which are Croats...
. The area is fairly large at 628 square kilometres (242.5 sq mi), but has a low population density and encompasses only 29,697 people.
Settlements
The settlements in the city administrative area are:- Belčići, population 91
- Brebrovac, population 76
- Brezari, population 62
- Breznik Plešivički, population 123
- Bukovac Svetojanski, population 80
- CelineCeline- People with the family name Celine :* Louis-Ferdinand Céline, pen name of French author Louis-Ferdinand Destouches- People with the given name Celine :* Céline Dion, , French-Canadian pop singer.* Celine Helgemo, Norwegian singer...
, population 70 - Crna Mlaka, population 30
- Cvetković, population 618
- Čabdin, population 134
- ČegljeČegljeČeglje is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D1 highway....
, population 376 - Črnilovec, population 119
- Dolanjski Jarak, population 32
- Domagović, population 540
- Donja Reka, population 347
- Donji Desinec, population 802
- Draga Svetojanska, population 159
- Dragovanščak, population 97
- GoljakGoljakGoljak are mountains in the eastern part of Kosovo, bordering the Lab region to the west and Central Serbia to the east. The cities of Pristina and Gnjilane in Kosovo, and Sijarinska Banja in Central Serbia are located by the mountains...
, population 58 - Gorica Svetojanska, population 116
- Gornja Kupčina, population 148
- Gornja Reka, population 355
- Gornji Desinec, population 650
- Grabarak, population 0
- Gračac Slavetićki, population 5
- Guci Draganički, population 301
- Hrastje Plešivičko, population 183
- Hrašća, population 86
- IvančićiIvančićiIvančići is a village in the municipality of Ilijaš, Bosnia and Herzegovina.-References:...
, population 200 - Izimje, population 223
- JastrebarskoJastrebarsko- Antiquity :In 1865, remnants of a Roman settlement were uncovered in Repišće, Klinča Sela, a village in Jastrebarsko metropolitan area. Further archeological investigation in the late 20th century classified them as a villa rustica and a necropolis consisting of six tumuli, both dating to...
, population 5,491 - Jurjevčani, population 100
- Kupeć Dol, population 97
- LanišćeLanišceLanišće is a village and municipality in Istria, Croatia. In 2001, the population of the area was 398, over 95% of the population are Croats....
, population 0 - Lokošin Dol, population 89
- Malunje, population 207
- Miladini, population 57
- Novaki PetrovinskiNovaki PetrovinskiNovaki Petrovinski is a village in Croatia. It is connected by the D1 highway....
, population 299 - Orešje Okićko, population 14
- Paljugi, population 10
- Pavlovčani, population 293
- Pesak, population 13
- Petrovina, population 244
- Plešivica, population 301
- Prhoć, population 232
- Prilipje, population 226
- Prodin Dol, population 98
- Rastoki, population 107
- Redovje, population 31
- Slavetić, population 83
- Srednjak, population 45
- StankovoStankovoStankovo is a village in the hills to the south of Velike Malence in the Brežice municipality in eastern Slovenia. The area was traditionally part of Lower Carniola. It is now included with the rest of the municipality in the Spodnjeposavska statistical region.The local church is dedicated to Saint...
, population 371 - Špigelski Breg, population 0
- Tihočaj, population 3
- Toplice, population 93
- Vlaškovec, population 117
- Volavje, population 408
- Vranov Dol, population 138
- Vukšin Šipak, population 314
- ZdihovoZdihovoZdihovo is an abandoned settlement in the Kočevje municipality in southern Slovenia. It was inhabited by Gottschee Germans. At the start of the Second World War its original population was expelled...
, population 309