This is the fourth part of the list of the "D" codes for MeSH

Mesh

Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...

. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine

United States National Library of Medicine

The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...

.

Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)

--- hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists

--- estrogen receptor modulators

--- estrogen antagonists --- estradiol antagonists --- selective estrogen receptor modulators

--- adrenal cortex hormones

--- 17-ketosteroids --- androstenedione

Androstenedione

Androstenedione is a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol.-Synthesis:Androstenedione is the common precursor of male and female sex...

 --- androsterone

Androsterone

Androsterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. It is made in the liver from the metabolism of testosterone. Its beta-isomer is Epiandrosterone.-History:...

 --- estrone

Estrone

Estrone is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary as well as adipose tissue.Estrone is one of several natural estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol...

 --- etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone is a metabolite of testosterone. Classified a ketosteroid, it causes fever, immunostimulation and leukocytosis; is used to evaluate adrenal cortex function, bone marrow performance and in neoplastic disease for immunostimulation....

 --- dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone

5-Dehydroepiandrosterone is a 19-carbon endogenous steroid hormone. It is the major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal glands and is also produced by the gonads and the brain. DHEA is the most abundant circulating steroid in humans....

 --- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate --- hydroxycorticosteroids

Hydroxycorticosteroids

Hydroxycorticosteroids are corticosteroids that have an additional hydroxy group.There are two main positions where the hydroxy are added: at the 11, and at the 17.-At the 11 position:11-hydroxycorticosteroids include:* aldosterone...

 --- 11-hydroxycorticosteroids --- aldosterone

Aldosterone

Aldosterone is a hormone that increases the reabsorption of sodium ions and water and the release of potassium in the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubule of the kidneys' functional unit, the nephron. This increases blood volume and, therefore, increases blood pressure. Drugs that...

 --- corticosterone

Corticosterone

Corticosterone is a 21-carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands.-Roles:In many species, including amphibians, reptiles, rodents and birds, corticosterone is a main glucocorticoid, involved in regulation of fuel, immune reactions, and stress...

 --- hydrocortisone --- 18-hydroxycorticosterone

18-Hydroxycorticosterone

18-Hydroxycorticosterone is a derivative of corticosterone.It serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of aldosterone by the enzyme aldosterone synthase in the zona glomerulosa:...

 --- tetrahydrocortisol

Tetrahydrocortisol

Tetrahydrocortisol is a steroid....

 --- 17-hydroxycorticosteroids --- cortisone

Cortisone

Cortisone is a steroid hormone. It is one of the main hormones released by the adrenal gland in response to stress. In chemical structure, it is a corticosteroid closely related to corticosterone. It is used to treat a variety of ailments and can be administered intravenously, orally,...

 --- cortodoxone

Cortodoxone

Cortodoxone, also known as cortexolone or 11-deoxycortisol, is a steroid that can be oxygenated to cortisol . It was first synthesized by Tadeusz Reichstein....

 --- hydrocortisone --- tetrahydrocortisol

Tetrahydrocortisol

Tetrahydrocortisol is a steroid....

 --- tetrahydrocortisone

Tetrahydrocortisone

Tetrahydrocortisone is a steroid....

 --- desoxycorticosterone --- 18-hydroxydesoxycorticosterone --- pregnenolone

Pregnenolone

Pregnenolone is a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. As such it is a prohormone. Pregnenolone sulfate is a GABAA antagonist and increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus.-Chemistry:Like other steroids,...

 --- 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone

--- gastrointestinal hormones

--- cholecystokinin

Cholecystokinin

Cholecystokinin is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein...

 --- sincalide

Sincalide

Sincalide is a cholecystokinetic drug administered by injection to aid in diagnosing disorders of the gallbladder and pancreas. It is the 8-amino acid C-terminal fragment of cholecystokinin, and also known as CCK-8....

 --- epidermal growth factor

Epidermal growth factor

Epidermal growth factor or EGF is a growth factor that plays an important role in the regulation of cell growth, proliferation, and differentiation by binding to its receptor EGFR...

 --- gastric inhibitory polypeptide --- gastrin-releasing peptide --- gastrins --- pentagastrin

Pentagastrin

Pentagastrin is a synthetic polypeptide that has effects like gastrin when given parenterally. It stimulates the secretion of gastric acid, pepsin, and intrinsic factor, and has been used as a diagnostic aid as the pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin test.Pentagastrin binds to the cholecystokinin-B...

 --- tetragastrin --- glucagon precursors --- enteroglucagons --- glucagon-like peptide 1 --- motilin

Motilin

Motilin is a 22-amino acid polypeptide hormone in the motilin family that, in humans, is encoded by the MLN gene.Motilin is secreted by endocrine M cells that are numerous in crypts of the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. Based on amino acid sequence, motilin is unrelated...

 --- peptide yy

Peptide YY

Peptide YY is a short protein released by cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding. In humans it appears to reduce appetite.It is also known as PYY, Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine, or Pancreatic Peptide YY3-36....

 --- secretin

Secretin

Secretin is a hormone that controls the secretions into the duodenum, and also separately, water homeostasis throughout the body. It is produced in the S cells of the duodenum in the crypts of Lieberkühn...

 --- vasoactive intestinal peptide

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

Vasoactive intestinal peptide also known as the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP is a peptide hormone containing 29 amino acid residues that is produced in many tissues of vertebrates including the gut, pancreas and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain...

--- gonadal hormones

--- activins

Activin and inhibin

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle...

 --- inhibin-beta subunits

Activin and inhibin

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle...

 --- corpus luteum hormones --- progesterone

Progesterone

Progesterone also known as P4 is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis of humans and other species...

 --- relaxin

Relaxin

Relaxin is a protein hormone first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.The relaxin-like peptide family belongs in the insulin superfamily and consists of 7 peptides of high structural but low sequence similarity; relaxin-1 , 2 and 3 , and the insulin-like peptides, INSL3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6...

 --- gonadal steroid hormones --- estradiol congeners --- equilenin

Equilenin

Equilenin is a estrogenic steroid hormone obtained from the urine of pregnant mares. It is used as one of the components in Premarin.-External Links:**...

 --- equilin

Equilin

Equilin is an estrogen from horses with the chemical name 3-hydroxyestra-1,3,5,7-tetraen-17-one. Equilin is one of the estrogens present in the mixture of estrogens isolated from horse urine and marketed as Premarin. Premarin became the most commonly used form of estrogen for hormone replacement...

 --- estradiol

Estradiol

Estradiol is a sex hormone. Estradiol is abbreviated E2 as it has 2 hydroxyl groups in its molecular structure. Estrone has 1 and estriol has 3 . Estradiol is about 10 times as potent as estrone and about 80 times as potent as estriol in its estrogenic effect...

 --- estriol

Estriol

Estriol is one of the three main estrogens produced by the human body.-Synthesis:Estriol is only produced in significant amounts during pregnancy as it is made by the placenta from 16-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone sulfate , an androgen steroid made in the fetal liver and adrenal glands.The human...

 --- estetrol

Estetrol

Estetrol is an estrogen steroid hormone, found in detectable levels in maternal serum at around week 20.Estetrol is a human steroid, produced by the fetal liver during pregnancy only. This natural hormone was discovered in urine of pregnant women by Diczfalusy and coworkers in 1965...

 --- estrogenic steroids, alkylated --- ethinyl estradiol --- ethinyl estradiol-norgestrel combination --- mestranol

Mestranol

Mestranol is the 3-methyl ether of ethinylestradiol. It was the estrogen used in many of the first oral contraceptives.It is a biologically inactive prodrug of ethinylestradiol to which it is demethylated in the liver with a conversion efficiency of 70% ....

 --- quinestrol

Quinestrol

Quinestrol is synthetic estrogen used in hormone replacement therapy, and occasionally to treat breast cancer and prostate cancer....

 --- estrogens, catechol --- hydroxyestrones --- estrogens, conjugated (usp) --- estrogens, esterified (usp) --- estrone

Estrone

Estrone is an estrogenic hormone secreted by the ovary as well as adipose tissue.Estrone is one of several natural estrogens, which also include estriol and estradiol...

 --- progesterone congeners --- pregnenolone

Pregnenolone

Pregnenolone is a steroid hormone involved in the steroidogenesis of progesterone, mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, androgens, and estrogens. As such it is a prohormone. Pregnenolone sulfate is a GABAA antagonist and increases neurogenesis in the hippocampus.-Chemistry:Like other steroids,...

 --- 17-alpha-hydroxypregnenolone --- progesterone

Progesterone

Progesterone also known as P4 is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy and embryogenesis of humans and other species...

 --- 20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone

20-alpha-dihydroprogesterone

20α-Dihydroprogesterone is a reduced form of progesterone....

 --- 5-alpha-dihydroprogesterone --- hydroxyprogesterones --- 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone --- pregnanetriol

Pregnanetriol

Pregnanetriol is a steroid.-Urine testing:Urine excretion of pregnanetriol can be measured over a period of 24 hours. Elevated urine pregnanetriol levels suggest adrenogenital syndrome...

 --- pregnanediol

Pregnanediol

Pregnanediol is an inactive product that forms when the body breaks down the hormone progesterone. A test can be done to measure the amount of pregnanediol in urine. The urine test offers an indirect way to measure progesterone levels in the body....

 --- testosterone congeners --- androstane-3,17-diol --- androstenediol

Androstenediol

Androstenediol may refer to:* 4-Androstenediol, the steroid androgen that can be converted to testosterone* 5-Androstenediol, steroid* Methandriol, a synthetic androstenediol derivative...

 --- androstenedione

Androstenedione

Androstenedione is a 19-carbon steroid hormone produced in the adrenal glands and the gonads as an intermediate step in the biochemical pathway that produces the androgen testosterone and the estrogens estrone and estradiol.-Synthesis:Androstenedione is the common precursor of male and female sex...

 --- androsterone

Androsterone

Androsterone is a steroid hormone with weak androgenic activity. It is made in the liver from the metabolism of testosterone. Its beta-isomer is Epiandrosterone.-History:...

 --- dehydroepiandrosterone

Dehydroepiandrosterone

5-Dehydroepiandrosterone is a 19-carbon endogenous steroid hormone. It is the major secretory steroidal product of the adrenal glands and is also produced by the gonads and the brain. DHEA is the most abundant circulating steroid in humans....

 --- dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate --- dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone

Dihydrotestosterone is an androgen or male sex hormone. The enzyme 5α-reductase synthesises DHT in the prostate, testes, hair follicles, and adrenal glands...

 --- etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone

Etiocholanolone is a metabolite of testosterone. Classified a ketosteroid, it causes fever, immunostimulation and leukocytosis; is used to evaluate adrenal cortex function, bone marrow performance and in neoplastic disease for immunostimulation....

 --- nandrolone

Nandrolone

Nandrolone is an anabolic steroid that may be present naturally in the human body, albeit in minute quantities of less than 0.4 ng/ml. Nandrolone is most commonly sold commercially as its decanoate ester and less commonly as a phenylpropionate ester...

 --- testosterone

Testosterone

Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group and is found in mammals, reptiles, birds, and other vertebrates. In mammals, testosterone is primarily secreted in the testes of males and the ovaries of females, although small amounts are also secreted by the adrenal glands...

 --- epitestosterone

Epitestosterone

Epitestosterone is a natural steroid, an inactive epimer of the hormone testosterone. Structurally, it differs from testosterone only in the configuration at the OH-bearing carbon, C17...

 --- testosterone propionate --- inhibins

Activin and inhibin

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle...

 --- inhibin-beta subunits

Activin and inhibin

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle...

 --- testicular hormones

--- gonadotropins

--- chorionic gonadotropin --- chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit, human --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- gonadotropins, equine --- gonadotropins, pituitary --- follicle stimulating hormone --- follicle stimulating hormone, beta subunit --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH called the LH surge triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone , it stimulates Leydig cell...

 --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- luteinizing hormone, beta subunit --- menotropins

Menotropins

Menotropin is an active substance for the treatment of fertility disturbances. It consists of gonadotropins that are extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women, usually luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone...

 --- urofollitropin

Urofollitropin

Urofollitropin is a purified form of follicle-stimulating hormone that is manufactured by extraction from human urine and then purified to remove various proteins and other substances. FSH is important in the development of follicles produced by the ovaries...

 --- prolactin

Prolactin

Prolactin also known as luteotropic hormone is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRL gene.Prolactin is a peptide hormone discovered by Henry Friesen...

--- hypothalamic hormones

--- pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide --- pituitary hormone release inhibiting hormones --- msh release-inhibiting hormone --- prolactin release-inhibiting hormone --- somatostatin

Somatostatin

Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones.Somatostatin...

 --- pituitary hormone-releasing hormones --- corticotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone , originally named corticotropin-releasing factor , and also called corticoliberin, is a polypeptide hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the stress response...

 --- gonadorelin --- buserelin

Buserelin

Buserelin is a Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist . By causing constant stimulation of the pituitary, it decreases pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone...

 --- goserelin

Goserelin

Goserelin acetate is an injectable gonadotropin releasing hormone superagonist , also known as a luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist. Structurally, it is a decapeptide...

 --- leuprolide

Leuprolide

Leuprorelin or leuprolide acetate is a GnRH analog. Proper Sequence: Pyr-His-Trp-Ser-Tyr-D-Leu-Leu-Arg-Pro-NHEt - Mode of action:Leuprolide acts as an agonist at pituitary GnRH receptors...

 --- nafarelin

Nafarelin

Nafarelin is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist . By causing constant stimulation of the pituitary, it decreases pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone...

 --- triptorelin

Triptorelin

Triptorelin, a decapeptide , is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist used at the acetate or pamoate salts. By causing constant stimulation of the pituitary, it decreases pituitary secretion of gonadotropins luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone...

 --- msh-releasing hormone --- prolactin-releasing hormone --- somatotropin-releasing hormone --- sermorelin

Sermorelin

Sermorelin, sometimes called GRF 1-29, is a growth hormone releasing hormone analogue. It is a 29-amino acid polypeptide representing the 1-29 fragment from endogenous human growth hormone releasing hormone, and is thought to be the shortest fully functional fragment of GHRH. It is used as a test...

 --- thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone

Thyrotropin-releasing hormone , also called thyrotropin-releasing factor , thyroliberin or protirelin, is a tropic tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone and prolactin by the anterior pituitary...

--- invertebrate hormones

--- insect hormones --- ecdysteroids --- ecdysone

Ecdysone

Ecdysone is a steroidal prohormone of the major insect molting hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone, which is secreted from the prothoracic glands. Insect molting hormones are generally called ecdysteroids. Ecdysteroids act as moulting hormones of arthropods but also occur in other related phyla where they...

 --- ecdysterone --- juvenile hormones --- diflubenzuron

Diflubenzuron

Diflubenzuron is an insecticide of the benzamide class. It is used in forest management and on field crops to selectively control insect pests, particularly forest tent caterpillar moths, boll weevils, gypsy moths, and other types of moths. The mechanism of action of diflubenzuron involves...

 --- methoprene

Methoprene

Methoprene is a juvenile hormone analog which can be used as an insecticide that acts as a growth regulator. Methoprene is an amber-colored liquid with a faint fruity odor which is essentially nontoxic to humans when ingested or inhaled. It is used in drinking water cisterns to control mosquitoes...

--- pancreatic hormones

--- glucagon precursors --- glucagon

Glucagon

Glucagon, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels. Its effect is opposite that of insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels. The pancreas releases glucagon when blood sugar levels fall too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is...

 --- insulin

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....

 --- insulin, isophane --- insulin, long-acting --- proinsulin

Proinsulin

Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the INS gene.- Synthesis and post-translational modification :...

 --- c-peptide

C-peptide

C-peptide is a protein that is produced in the body along with insulin. First preproinsulin is secreted with an A-chain, C-peptide, a B-chain, and a signal sequence. The signal sequence is cut off, leaving proinsulin...

 --- pancreatic polypeptide

Pancreatic polypeptide

Pancreatic polypeptide is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas predominantly in the head of the pancreas. It consists of 36 amino acids and has molecular weight about 4200 Da....

 --- somatostatin

Somatostatin

Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones.Somatostatin...

--- peptide hormones

--- activins

Activin and inhibin

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle...

 --- inhibin-beta subunits --- adiponectin

Adiponectin

Adiponectin is a protein which in humans is encoded by the ADIPOQ gene.- Structure :...

 --- bombesin

Bombesin

Bombesin is a 14-amino acid peptide originally isolated from the skin of a frog. It has two known homologs in mammals called neuromedin B and gastrin-releasing peptide. It stimulates gastrin release from G cells. It activates three different G-protein-coupled receptors known as BBR1, -2, and -3. It...

 --- calcitonin

Calcitonin

Calcitonin is a 32-amino acid linear polypeptide hormone that is producedin humans primarily by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. It acts to reduce blood calcium , opposing the effects of parathyroid hormone . Calcitonin has been found...

 --- corticotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone

Corticotropin-releasing hormone , originally named corticotropin-releasing factor , and also called corticoliberin, is a polypeptide hormone and neurotransmitter involved in the stress response...

 --- gastric inhibitory polypeptide --- gastrins --- glucagon precursors --- enteroglucagons --- glucagon-like peptide 1 --- glucagon

Glucagon

Glucagon, a hormone secreted by the pancreas, raises blood glucose levels. Its effect is opposite that of insulin, which lowers blood glucose levels. The pancreas releases glucagon when blood sugar levels fall too low. Glucagon causes the liver to convert stored glycogen into glucose, which is...

 --- inhibins

Activin and inhibin

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle...

 --- inhibin-beta subunits

Activin and inhibin

Activin and inhibin are two closely related protein complexes that have almost directly opposite biological effects. Activin enhances FSH biosynthesis and secretion, and participates in the regulation of the menstrual cycle...

 --- insulin

Insulin

Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle....

 --- insulin, isophane --- insulin, long-acting --- proinsulin

Proinsulin

Proinsulin is the prohormone precursor to insulin made in the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans, specialized regions of the pancreas. In humans, proinsulin is encoded by the INS gene.- Synthesis and post-translational modification :...

 --- c-peptide

C-peptide

C-peptide is a protein that is produced in the body along with insulin. First preproinsulin is secreted with an A-chain, C-peptide, a B-chain, and a signal sequence. The signal sequence is cut off, leaving proinsulin...

 --- leptin

Leptin

Leptin is a 16 kDa protein hormone that plays a key role in regulating energy intake and energy expenditure, including appetite and metabolism. It is one of the most important adipose derived hormones...

 --- motilin

Motilin

Motilin is a 22-amino acid polypeptide hormone in the motilin family that, in humans, is encoded by the MLN gene.Motilin is secreted by endocrine M cells that are numerous in crypts of the small intestine, especially in the duodenum and jejunum. Based on amino acid sequence, motilin is unrelated...

 --- msh release-inhibiting hormone --- msh-releasing hormone --- natriuretic peptides --- atrial natriuretic factor --- natriuretic peptide, brain --- natriuretic peptide, c-type --- pancreatic polypeptide

Pancreatic polypeptide

Pancreatic polypeptide is a polypeptide secreted by PP cells in the endocrine pancreas predominantly in the head of the pancreas. It consists of 36 amino acids and has molecular weight about 4200 Da....

 --- parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone

Parathyroid hormone , parathormone or parathyrin, is secreted by the chief cells of the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids...

 --- teriparatide

Teriparatide

Teriparatide is a recombinant form of parathyroid hormone, used in the treatment of some forms of osteoporosis. It is manufactured and marketed by Eli Lilly and Company.-Administration:...

 --- parathyroid hormone-related protein

Parathyroid hormone-related protein

Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a protein member of the parathyroid hormone family. It is occasionally secreted by cancer cells . However, it also has normal functions.- Function :PTHrP acts as an endocrine, autocrine, paracrine, and intracrine hormone...

 --- peptide phi

Peptide PHI

Peptide PHI is a peptide which functions as a hormone.It plays a role in the regulation of prolactin in humans....

 --- peptide yy

Peptide YY

Peptide YY is a short protein released by cells in the ileum and colon in response to feeding. In humans it appears to reduce appetite.It is also known as PYY, Peptide Tyrosine Tyrosine, or Pancreatic Peptide YY3-36....

 --- pituitary hormone release inhibiting hormones --- pituitary hormone-releasing hormones --- pituitary hormones --- pituitary hormones, anterior --- gonadotropins, pituitary --- follicle stimulating hormone --- follicle stimulating hormone, beta subunit --- follicle stimulating hormone, human --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH called the LH surge triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone , it stimulates Leydig cell...

 --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- luteinizing hormone, beta subunit --- menotropins

Menotropins

Menotropin is an active substance for the treatment of fertility disturbances. It consists of gonadotropins that are extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women, usually luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone...

 --- urofollitropin

Urofollitropin

Urofollitropin is a purified form of follicle-stimulating hormone that is manufactured by extraction from human urine and then purified to remove various proteins and other substances. FSH is important in the development of follicles produced by the ovaries...

 --- growth hormone

Growth hormone

Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals. Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior...

 --- human growth hormone --- prolactin

Prolactin

Prolactin also known as luteotropic hormone is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRL gene.Prolactin is a peptide hormone discovered by Henry Friesen...

 --- pro-opiomelanocortin --- corticotropin --- alpha-msh --- cosyntropin

Cosyntropin

Cosyntropin is a synthetic derivative of adrenocorticotropic hormone that is used in the ACTH stimulation test to evaluate and diagnose cortisol disorders...

 --- lipotropin

Lipotropin

Lipotropin is a hormone produced by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin . The anterior pituitary gland produces the pro-hormone POMC, which undergoes cleavage to adrenocorticotropin and β-lipotropin .- β-Lipotropin :...

 --- melanocyte-stimulating hormones --- alpha-msh --- beta-msh --- gamma-msh --- thyrotropin --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- thyrotropin, beta subunit --- pituitary hormones, posterior --- oxytocin

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a mammalian hormone that acts primarily as a neuromodulator in the brain.Oxytocin is best known for its roles in sexual reproduction, in particular during and after childbirth...

 --- vasopressins --- argipressin --- deamino arginine vasopressin --- lypressin --- felypressin

Felypressin

Felypressin is a non-catecholamine vasoconstrictor that is chemically related to vasopressin, the posterior pituitary hormone. It is added to some local anaesthetics such as prilocaine in a concentration of 0.03 IU/ml. Felypressin is a Vasopressin 1 agonist, and will thus have affects at all...

 --- ornipressin

Ornipressin

Ornipressin is a vasoconstrictor, haemostatic and renal agent....

 --- vasotocin

Vasotocin

Vasotocin is an oligopeptide hybrid of oxytocin and vasopressin found in all non-mammalian vertebrates including birds, fish, amphibians and in fetal mammals. In mammals it appears to have similar biological properties to both oxytocin and vasopressin...

 --- placental hormones --- chorionic gonadotropin --- chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit, human --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- gonadotropins, equine --- placental lactogen

Placental lactogen

Placental lactogen is a polypeptide placental hormone. Its structure and function is similar to that of growth hormone. It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy supply of the fetus....

 --- relaxin

Relaxin

Relaxin is a protein hormone first described in 1926 by Frederick Hisaw.The relaxin-like peptide family belongs in the insulin superfamily and consists of 7 peptides of high structural but low sequence similarity; relaxin-1 , 2 and 3 , and the insulin-like peptides, INSL3, INSL4, INSL5 and INSL6...

 --- resistin

Resistin

Resistin also known as adipose tissue-specific secretory factor or C/EBP-epsilon-regulated myeloid-specific secreted cysteine-rich protein is a cysteine-rich protein that in humans is encoded by the RETN gene....

 --- secretin

Secretin

Secretin is a hormone that controls the secretions into the duodenum, and also separately, water homeostasis throughout the body. It is produced in the S cells of the duodenum in the crypts of Lieberkühn...

 --- somatostatin

Somatostatin

Somatostatin is a peptide hormone that regulates the endocrine system and affects neurotransmission and cell proliferation via interaction with G-protein-coupled somatostatin receptors and inhibition of the release of numerous secondary hormones.Somatostatin...

 --- urotensins --- vasoactive intestinal peptide

Vasoactive intestinal peptide

Vasoactive intestinal peptide also known as the vasoactive intestinal polypeptide or VIP is a peptide hormone containing 29 amino acid residues that is produced in many tissues of vertebrates including the gut, pancreas and suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus in the brain...

 --- vasopressins --- argipressin --- deamino arginine vasopressin --- lypressin --- felypressin

Felypressin

Felypressin is a non-catecholamine vasoconstrictor that is chemically related to vasopressin, the posterior pituitary hormone. It is added to some local anaesthetics such as prilocaine in a concentration of 0.03 IU/ml. Felypressin is a Vasopressin 1 agonist, and will thus have affects at all...

 --- ornipressin

Ornipressin

Ornipressin is a vasoconstrictor, haemostatic and renal agent....

--- pituitary hormones

--- pituitary hormones, anterior --- gonadotropins, pituitary --- follicle stimulating hormone --- follicle stimulating hormone, beta subunit --- follicle stimulating hormone, human --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone

Luteinizing hormone is a hormone produced by the anterior pituitary gland. In females, an acute rise of LH called the LH surge triggers ovulation and development of the corpus luteum. In males, where LH had also been called interstitial cell-stimulating hormone , it stimulates Leydig cell...

 --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- luteinizing hormone, beta subunit --- menotropins

Menotropins

Menotropin is an active substance for the treatment of fertility disturbances. It consists of gonadotropins that are extracted from the urine of postmenopausal women, usually luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone...

 --- urofollitropin

Urofollitropin

Urofollitropin is a purified form of follicle-stimulating hormone that is manufactured by extraction from human urine and then purified to remove various proteins and other substances. FSH is important in the development of follicles produced by the ovaries...

 --- prolactin

Prolactin

Prolactin also known as luteotropic hormone is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PRL gene.Prolactin is a peptide hormone discovered by Henry Friesen...

 --- growth hormone

Growth hormone

Growth hormone is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration in humans and other animals. Growth hormone is a 191-amino acid, single-chain polypeptide that is synthesized, stored, and secreted by the somatotroph cells within the lateral wings of the anterior...

 --- human growth hormone --- pro-opiomelanocortin --- corticotropin --- alpha-msh --- cosyntropin

Cosyntropin

Cosyntropin is a synthetic derivative of adrenocorticotropic hormone that is used in the ACTH stimulation test to evaluate and diagnose cortisol disorders...

 --- lipotropin

Lipotropin

Lipotropin is a hormone produced by the cleavage of pro-opiomelanocortin . The anterior pituitary gland produces the pro-hormone POMC, which undergoes cleavage to adrenocorticotropin and β-lipotropin .- β-Lipotropin :...

 --- melanocyte-stimulating hormones --- alpha-msh --- beta-msh --- gamma-msh --- thyrotropin --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- thyrotropin, beta subunit --- pituitary hormones, posterior --- oxytocin

Oxytocin

Oxytocin is a mammalian hormone that acts primarily as a neuromodulator in the brain.Oxytocin is best known for its roles in sexual reproduction, in particular during and after childbirth...

 --- vasopressins --- argipressin --- deamino arginine vasopressin --- lypressin --- felypressin

Felypressin

Felypressin is a non-catecholamine vasoconstrictor that is chemically related to vasopressin, the posterior pituitary hormone. It is added to some local anaesthetics such as prilocaine in a concentration of 0.03 IU/ml. Felypressin is a Vasopressin 1 agonist, and will thus have affects at all...

 --- ornipressin

Ornipressin

Ornipressin is a vasoconstrictor, haemostatic and renal agent....

 --- vasotocin

Vasotocin

Vasotocin is an oligopeptide hybrid of oxytocin and vasopressin found in all non-mammalian vertebrates including birds, fish, amphibians and in fetal mammals. In mammals it appears to have similar biological properties to both oxytocin and vasopressin...

--- placental hormones

--- chorionic gonadotropin --- chorionic gonadotropin, beta subunit, human --- glycoprotein hormones, alpha subunit --- gonadotropins, equine --- placental lactogen

Placental lactogen

Placental lactogen is a polypeptide placental hormone. Its structure and function is similar to that of growth hormone. It modifies the metabolic state of the mother during pregnancy to facilitate the energy supply of the fetus....

--- thymus hormones

--- thymic factor, circulating --- thymopoietins --- thymopentin

Thymopentin

Thymopentin is an immunostimulant.It interacts with T cells.It is a thymic polypeptide....

 --- thymosin

Thymosin

Thymosins are small proteins present in many animal tissues. They are named thymosins because they were originally isolated from the thymus, but most are now known to be present in many other tissues...

--- thyroid hormones

--- dextrothyroxine --- diiodotyrosine

Diiodotyrosine

Diiodotyrosine is a precursor of thyroid hormone and results from iodization of monoiodotyrosine at the other meta- position on the phenol ring....

 --- monoiodotyrosine

Monoiodotyrosine

Monoiodotyrosine is a precursor of thyroid hormone and results from iodization of tyrosine at the meta- position of the phenol ring.Two units can combine to form 3,3'-diiodothyronine. One unit can combine with diiodotyrosine to form triiodothyronine, as occurs in the colloid of the thyroid...

 --- thyroid gland, desiccated --- thyronines --- diiodothyronines --- triiodothyronine

Triiodothyronine

Triiodothyronine, C15H12I3NO4, also known as T3, is a thyroid hormone. It affects almost every physiological process in the body, including growth and development, metabolism, body temperature, and heart rate....

 --- triiodothyronine, reverse --- thyroxine

Thyroxine

Thyroxine, or 3,5,3',5'-tetraiodothyronine , a form of thyroid hormones, is the major hormone secreted by the follicular cells of the thyroid gland.-Synthesis and regulation:...