List of human clusters of differentiation
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of human clusters of differentiation
(or CD) molecules.
Cluster of differentiation
The cluster of differentiation is a protocol used for the identification and investigation of cell surface molecules present on white blood cells, providing targets for immunophenotyping of cells...
(or CD) molecules.
| CD1 CD1 For the album by Throbbing Gristle, see CD1 CD1 is a family of glycoproteins expressed on the surface of various human antigen-presenting cells. They are related to the class I MHC molecules, and are involved in the presentation of lipid antigens to T cells... |
an MHC Major histocompatibility complex Major histocompatibility complex is a cell surface molecule encoded by a large gene family in all vertebrates. MHC molecules mediate interactions of leukocytes, also called white blood cells , which are immune cells, with other leukocytes or body cells... -like molecule that presents lipid molecules |
| CD2 CD2 CD2 is a cell adhesion molecule found on the surface of T cells and natural killer cells.It has also been called T-cell surface antigen T11/Leu-5, LFA-2, LFA-3 receptor, erythrocyte receptor and rosette receptor.... |
a type I transmembrane protein found on thymocytes, T cells, and some natural killer cells that acts as a ligand for CD58 and CD59 and is involved in signal transduction and cell adhesion; expressed in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. |
| CD3 CD3 CD3 or CD-3 may be:* CD3 , an antigen, cluster of differentiation protein , part of the T cell receptor complex on a mature T lymphocyte* Ford CD3 platform* MediaMax CD-3, copy protection scheme* MiniCD, a 3-inch CD... |
the signaling component of the T cell receptor T cell receptor The T cell receptor or TCR is a molecule found on the surface of T lymphocytes that is responsible for recognizing antigens bound to major histocompatibility complex molecules... (TCR) complex |
| CD4 CD4 CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984... |
a co-receptor for MHC Class II; also a receptor used by HIV to enter T cells |
| CD5 CD5 (protein) CD5 is a cluster of differentiation found on a subset of IgM-secreting B cells called B-1 cells, and also on T cells. B-1 cells have limited diversity of their B-cell receptor due to their lack of the enzyme terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase and are potentially self-reactive... |
a type I transmembrane protein found on T cells, thymocytes, and some B cells that is a ligand for CD72 and is involved in cellular activation or adhesion; expressed in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia and T-cell lymphoma. |
| CD6 CD6 CD6 is a human protein encoded by the gene.... |
adhesion molecule linking developing thymus-cells to thymus epithelial cells; co-stimulator to mature T cells |
| CD7 CD7 CD7 is a human protein encoded by the gene.-External links:... |
a type I transmembrane protein found on thymocytes, some T cells, monocytes, natural killer cells, and hemopoietic stem cells; expressed in patients with mycosis fungoides Mycosis fungoides -External links:* * *... , some patients with T-cell acute lymphoblastic lymphoma, and a few patients with acute nonlymphocytic lymphoma. |
| CD8 CD8 CD8 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that serves as a co-receptor for the T cell receptor . Like the TCR, CD8 binds to a major histocompatibility complex molecule, but is specific for the class I MHC protein. There are two isoforms of the protein, alpha and beta, each encoded by a different gene... |
a co-receptor for MHC Class I; also found on a subset of myeloid dendritic cells. |
| CD9 CD9 CD9 antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD9 gene.-Interactions:CD9 has been shown to interact with TSPAN4, PTGFRN, CD81, CD117, CD46, CD29 and CD49c.-Further reading:... |
a member of the Tetraspanin Tetraspanin Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes.Tetraspanins, also called tetraspans or the transmembrane 4 superfamily , have four transmembrane domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and two extracellular domains, one short and one longer, typically 100... superfamily expressed in a variety of cells, including: pre B cells, eosinophils, basophils and platelets. |
| CD10 | a type II transmembrane protein found on pre-B cells, germinal-center B cells, some neutrophils, kidney cells, T-cell precursors, and epithelial cells that acts as a zinc metalloprotease cleaving peptide bonds on the amino side of hydrophobic amino acids; expressed in acute lymphocytic leukemia and follicular-center-cell lymphomas. |
| CD11a CD11a Integrin, alpha L , also known as ITGAL, is a human gene which functions in the immune system. It is involved in cellular adhesion and costimulatory signaling... |
Integrin Alpha L (ITGAL), the alpha subunit of LFA-1 LFA-1 Lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1, also known as LFA-1 is found on all T-cells and also on B-cells, macrophages and neutrophils and is involved in recruitment to the site of infection. It binds to ICAM-1 on antigen-presenting cells and functions as an adhesion molecule. LFA-1 is the first... , a membrane glycoprotein that provides cell-cell adhesion by interaction with ICAM-1 ICAM-1 ICAM-1 also known as CD54 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ICAM1 gene. This gene encodes a cell surface glycoprotein which is typically expressed on endothelial cells and cells of the immune system... |
| CD11b | Integrin Alpha M (ITGAM), the alpha subunit of Mac-1 Mac-1 MAC-1 may refer to:* Macrophage-1 antigen* Integrin alpha M... , a complement receptor ("CR3") consisting of CD11b and CD18 CD18 Integrin beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB2 gene.It is the beta subunit of four different structures:* LFA-1 * Macrophage-1 antigen * Integrin alphaXbeta2... . |
| CD11c CD11c CD11c, also known as Integrin, alpha X , is a human gene.CD11c is a type I transmembrane protein found at high levels on most human dendritic cells, but also on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and some B cells that induces cellular activation and helps trigger neutrophil respiratory burst;... |
Integrin Alpha X (ITGAX), the alpha subunit of (iC3b) receptor 4 (CR4). It is a type I transmembrane protein found on monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and some B cells that induces cellular activation and helps trigger neutrophil respiratory burst; expressed in hairy cell leukemias, acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. Also one of the defining markers for dendritic cell Dendritic cell Dendritic cells are immune cells forming part of the mammalian immune system. Their main function is to process antigen material and present it on the surface to other cells of the immune system. That is, dendritic cells function as antigen-presenting cells... s and hairy cell leukemia Hairy cell leukemia Hairy cell leukemia is an uncommon hematological malignancy characterized by an accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes. It is usually classified as a sub-type of chronic lymphoid leukemia... cells. |
| CD12w | phosphoprotein of unknown function present on monocytes, granulocytes, and NK cells and absent from basophils, AML blasts, and bone marrow precursors. |
| CD13 | a zinc metalloproteinase, also known as aminopeptidase N, which is found naturally on myelomonocytic cells from early differentiation through maturity; usually present on acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia , also known as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. AML is the most common acute... blasts and rarely found in some forms of lymphoma Lymphoma Lymphoma is a cancer in the lymphatic cells of the immune system. Typically, lymphomas present as a solid tumor of lymphoid cells. Treatment might involve chemotherapy and in some cases radiotherapy and/or bone marrow transplantation, and can be curable depending on the histology, type, and stage... and lymphocytic leukemia |
| CD14 CD14 Cluster of differentiation 14 also known as CD14 is a human gene.The protein encoded by this gene is a component of the innate immune system. CD14 exists in two forms. Either it is anchored into the membrane by a glycosylphosphatidylinositol tail or it appears in a soluble form... |
a membrane protein found on macrophage Macrophage Macrophages are cells produced by the differentiation of monocytes in tissues. Human macrophages are about in diameter. Monocytes and macrophages are phagocytes. Macrophages function in both non-specific defense as well as help initiate specific defense mechanisms of vertebrate animals... s which binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharide Lipopolysaccharides , also known as lipoglycans, are large molecules consisting of a lipid and a polysaccharide joined by a covalent bond; they are found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, act as endotoxins and elicit strong immune responses in animals.-Functions:LPS is the major... . |
| CD15 CD15 CD15 is a cluster of differentiation antigen - an immunologically significant molecule. CD15 is a carbohydrate adhesion molecule that can be expressed on glycoproteins, glycolipids and proteoglycans.- Function :... |
a carbohydrate adhesion molecule (not a protein) that mediates phagocytosis and chemotaxis, found on neutrophils; expressed in patients with Hodgkin disease, some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias, acute lymphoblastic leukemias, and most acute nonlymphocytic leukemias. It is also called Lewis x and SSEA-1 (stage specific embryonic antigen 1) and represents a marker for murine pluripotent stem cells, in which it plays an important role in adhesion and migration of the cells in the preimplantation embryo. |
| CD16 CD16 CD16 is a low affinity Fc receptor.It is a cluster of differentiation found on the surface of natural killer cells, neutrophil polymorphonuclear leukocytes, monocytes and macrophages... |
FcγRIII, a low-affinity Fc receptor for IgG. Found on NK cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. |
| CDw17 | possible role in phagocytosis. Bacteria binding. |
| CD18 CD18 Integrin beta-2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB2 gene.It is the beta subunit of four different structures:* LFA-1 * Macrophage-1 antigen * Integrin alphaXbeta2... |
adhesion and signaling in the hematopoietic system. |
| CD19 CD19 B-lymphocyte antigen CD19 also known as CD19 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD19 gene.- Function :... |
B-lymphocyte surface antigen B4 |
| CD20 CD20 B-lymphocyte antigen CD20 or CD20 is an activated-glycosylated phosphoprotein expressed on the surface of all B-cells beginning at the pro-B phase and progressively increasing in concentration until maturity.... |
a type III transmembrane protein found on B cells that forms a calcium channel in the cell membrane allowing for the influx of calcium required for cell activation; expressed in B-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, and B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Important for therapy of those diseases, as an antibody against CD20 exists: Rituximab Rituximab Rituximab, sold under the trade names Rituxan and MabThera, is a chimeric monoclonal antibody against the protein CD20, which is primarily found on the surface of B cells... |
| CD21 | CR2, a type I transmembrane protein found in the cytoplasm of pre-B cells and on the surface of mature B cells, follicular dendritic cells, pharyngeal and cervical epithelial cells, some thymocytes, and some T cells that plays a role in signal transduction; expressed in hairy cell leukemia, B-cell lymphoma, and some T-cell acute lymphocytic leukemias. Receptor for complement (C3d) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV). |
| CD22 CD22 CD22 or cluster of differentiation-22, is a molecule belonging to the SIGLEC family of lectins. It is found on the surface of mature B cells and to a lesser extent on some immature B cells... |
a sugar binding transmembrane protein that specifically binds sialic acid with an immunoglobulin (Ig) domain located at its N-terminus. It is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily Immunoglobulin superfamily The immunoglobulin superfamily is a large group of cell surface and soluble proteins that are involved in the recognition, binding, or adhesion processes of cells. Molecules are categorized as members of this superfamily based on shared structural features with immunoglobulins ; they all possess a... and the SIGLEC SIGLEC Siglecs, short for sialic acid binding Ig-like lectins are cell surface receptors and members of the immunoglobulin superfamily that recognize sugars. Their ability to recognize carbohydrates using an immunoglobulin domain places them in the group of I-type lectins... family. CD22 functions as an inhibitory receptor for B cell receptor (BCR) signalling. |
| CD23 CD23 CD23, also known as Fc epsilon RII, or FcεRII, is the "low-affinity" receptor for IgE, an antibody isotype involved in allergy and resistance to parasites, and is important in regulation of IgE levels. Unlike many of the antibody receptors, CD23 is a C-type lectin... |
a type II transmembrane protein found on mature B cells, monocytes, activated macrophages, eosinophils, platelets, and dendritic cells that enhances capture and processing of antigen complexed with IgE. |
| CD24 CD24 Signal transducer CD24 also known as cluster of differentiation 24 or heat stable antigen CD24 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD24 gene. CD24 is a cell adhesion molecule.- Function :... |
a glycoprotein expressed at the surface of most B lymphocytes and differentiating neuroblasts. This gene encodes a sialoglycoprotein that is expressed on mature granulocytes and in many B cells. The encoded protein is anchored via a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) link to the cell surface. An alignment of this gene's sequence finds genomic locations with similarity on chromosomes 3p26, 15q21, 15q22, 20q11.2 and Yq11.1. Whether transcription, and corresponding translation, occurs at each of these other genomic locations needs to be experimentally determined (source: NCBI). Is also known as Heat Stable Antigen (HSA). |
| CD25 CD25 CD25 is the alpha chain of the IL-2 receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2.CD25 is... |
a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T cells, activated B cells, some thymocytes, myeloid precursors, and oligodendrocytes that associates with CD122 to form a heterodimer that can act as a high-affinity receptor for IL-2; expressed in most B-cell neoplasms, some acute nonlymphocytic leukemias, and neuroblastomas. |
| CD26 | Membrane-bound protease. T-cell costimulatory molecule. Cell adhesion molecule |
| CD27 CD27 CD27 is a tumor necrosis factor receptor.-Interactions:CD27 has been shown to interact with SIVA1, TRAF2 and TRAF3.-External links:... |
TNF-receptor. Present on the surface of resting memory B cells. |
| CD28 CD28 CD28 is one of the molecules expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatory signals, which are required for T cell activation. CD28 is the receptor for CD80 and CD86 . When activated by Toll-like receptor ligands, the CD80 expression is upregulated in antigen presenting cells... |
present on all T-cells, and when matched with the appropriate ligand, labeled B7 which can be either CD80 or CD86, it has costimulatory effect on the T-cell. It is also expressed on Eosinophil granulocyte Eosinophil granulocyte Eosinophil granulocytes, usually called eosinophils or eosinophiles , are white blood cells that are one of the immune system components responsible for combating multicellular parasites and certain infections in vertebrates. Along with mast cells, they also control mechanisms associated with... s, especially after tissue infiltration. There its ligation leads to release of potent neurotoxins, IL-2 and IL-13 as well as IFN-γ |
| CD29 CD29 Integrin beta-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB1 gene. CD29 is an integrin unit associated with very late antigen receptors. It is known to conjoin with alpha-3 subunit to create α3β1 complex that reacts to such molecules as netrin-1 and reelin.Integrins are heterodimeric... |
AKA integrin beta-1 - a cell adhesion molecule. |
| CD30 CD30 CD30, also known as TNFRSF8, is a cell membrane protein of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family and tumor marker.This receptor is expressed by activated, but not by resting, T and B cells. TRAF2 and TRAF5 can interact with this receptor, and mediate the signal transduction that leads to the... |
a type I transmembrane protein present on activated T and B cells that may play a role in cell activation and/or differentiation; expressed in Hodgkin disease, some T-cell lymphomas, and anaplastic large cell lymphomas. |
| CD31 CD31 Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule also known as cluster of differentiation 31 is a protein that in human is encoded by the PECAM1 gene found on chromosome 17... |
PECAM-1, a cell adhesion molecule Cell adhesion Cellular adhesion is the binding of a cell to a surface, extracellular matrix or another cell using cell adhesion molecules such as selectins, integrins, and cadherins. Correct cellular adhesion is essential in maintaining multicellular structure... on platelet Platelet Platelets, or thrombocytes , are small,irregularly shaped clear cell fragments , 2–3 µm in diameter, which are derived from fragmentation of precursor megakaryocytes. The average lifespan of a platelet is normally just 5 to 9 days... s and endothelial Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells are called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart... cells |
| CD32 CD32 CD32 is a surface receptor protein and part of a large population of B cell co-receptors, which act to modulate signaling.It has a low-affinity for IgG antibodies and down-regulates antibody production in the presence of IgG... |
FcγRII, a receptor for the Fc (constant) region of immunoglobulin G (IgG) |
| CD33 CD33 CD33 or Siglec-3 is a transmembrane receptor expressed on cells of myeloid lineage. It is usually considered myeloid-specific, but it can also be found on some lymphoid cells.It binds sialic acids, therefore is a member of the SIGLEC family of lectins.... |
a marker of unknown function found on immature myeloid cells, including acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia Acute myeloid leukemia , also known as acute myelogenous leukemia, is a cancer of the myeloid line of blood cells, characterized by the rapid growth of abnormal white blood cells that accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells. AML is the most common acute... blasts and mature monocytes |
| CD34 CD34 CD34 molecule is a cluster of differentiation molecule present on certain cells within the human body. It is a cell surface glycoprotein and functions as a cell-cell adhesion factor. It may also mediate the attachment of stem cells to bone marrow extracellular matrix or directly to stromal cells... |
stem cell Stem cell This article is about the cell type. For the medical therapy, see Stem Cell TreatmentsStem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells... marker, adhesion Adhesion Adhesion is any attraction process between dissimilar molecular species that can potentially bring them in close contact. By contrast, cohesion takes place between similar molecules.... , found on hematopoietic precursors (found in high concentrations in umbilical cord blood Umbilical cord In placental mammals, the umbilical cord is the connecting cord from the developing embryo or fetus to the placenta... ), capillary Capillary Capillaries are the smallest of a body's blood vessels and are parts of the microcirculation. They are only 1 cell thick. These microvessels, measuring 5-10 μm in diameter, connect arterioles and venules, and enable the exchange of water, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and many other nutrient and waste... endothelium Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells are called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart... , and embryo Embryo An embryo is a multicellular diploid eukaryote in its earliest stage of development, from the time of first cell division until birth, hatching, or germination... nic fibroblasts |
| CD35 | Complement receptor 1 Complement receptor 1 Erythrocyte complement receptor 1 is a human gene.... (C3b/C4b receptor) |
| CD36 CD36 CD36 is an integral membrane protein found on the surface of many cell types in vertebrate animals and is also known as FAT, SCARB3, GP88, glycoprotein IV and glycoprotein IIIb . CD36 is a member of the class B scavenger receptor family of cell surface proteins... |
Platelet glycoprotein IV or IIIb (GP IV / GP IIIb) |
| CD37 CD37 Leukocyte antigen CD37 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD37 gene.-External links:... |
A leucocyte Leucocyte Leucocyte may refer to:*White blood cells*Leucocyte , a 2008 album by the jazz band E.S.T.... restricted tetraspanin Tetraspanin Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes.Tetraspanins, also called tetraspans or the transmembrane 4 superfamily , have four transmembrane domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and two extracellular domains, one short and one longer, typically 100... expressed primarily in B cells, but also found on T cells, Monocytes and Granulocytes. |
| CD38 CD38 CD38 , also known as cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase is a glycoprotein found on the surface of many immune cells , including CD4+, CD8+, B and natural killer cells... |
involved in ecto-ADP Adenosine diphosphate Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleoside diphosphate. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ADP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase adenine.... -ribosyl cyclase Cyclase A cyclase is an enzyme, almost always a lyase, that catalyzes a chemical reaction to form a cyclic compound. Important cyclase enzymes include:* Adenylyl cyclase, which forms cyclic AMP from adenosine triphosphate... and cell activation on many hematopoietic, plasma Blood plasma Blood plasma is the straw-colored liquid component of blood in which the blood cells in whole blood are normally suspended. It makes up about 55% of the total blood volume. It is the intravascular fluid part of extracellular fluid... , and B & T activated cells; marker increases with HIV seroconversion, coexpression with CD8 associated with progression (indicates persistent viral stimulation) |
| CD39 | Also known as Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 (ENTPD1 ENTPD1 Ectonucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase 1 also known as CD39 , is a human gene.... ). Hydrolyzes nucleotide substrates at extremely high turnover rates, converting ATP directly into AMP without releasing ADP. Forms oligomers that are essential for its enzymatic activity. |
| CD40 | a costimulatory protein found on antigen presenting cells. CD40 combines with CD154 CD154 CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules. It binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells , which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type... (CD40L) on T cells to induce antibody isotype switching in B cells. |
| CD41 | Integrin subunit αIIb; Gene ITGA2B. Glycoprotein IIb (GPIIb): Component of the integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) fibrinogen Fibrinogen Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma glycoprotein, synthesised by the liver, that is converted by thrombin into fibrin during blood coagulation. This is achieved through processes in the coagulation cascade that activate the zymogen prothrombin to the serine protease thrombin, which is responsible for... receptor; major role is in platelet Platelet Platelets, or thrombocytes , are small,irregularly shaped clear cell fragments , 2–3 µm in diameter, which are derived from fragmentation of precursor megakaryocytes. The average lifespan of a platelet is normally just 5 to 9 days... aggregation. Mutations in ITGA2B can be causative for Glanzmann thrombasthenia. |
| CD42 | the platelet Glycoprotein Ib/V/IX complex(GPIb/V/IX). Expressed on platelets and is a late, specific marker of megakaryocyte differentiation. The Glycoprotein Ib/V/IX complex is essential for normal haemostasis; deficiency results in Bernard-Soulier Syndrome, a syndrome of thrombocytopenia and giant platelets. |
| CD43 CD43 Leukosialin also known as sialophorin or CD43 is a transmembrane cell surface protein that in humans is encoded by the SPN gene.- Function :... |
CD43 is a sialomucin. |
| CD44 CD44 The CD44 antigen is a cell-surface glycoprotein involved in cell–cell interactions, cell adhesion and migration. In humans, the CD44 antigen is encoded by the CD44 gene.- Tissue distribution and isoforms :... |
A family of matrix adhesion molecules formed by alternative mRNA splicing, that adhere to hyaluronate, collagen, laminin, and fibronectin. Helps maintain polarization of epithelial cells. Found on bone marrow stromal cells and many other cells. |
| CD45 CD45 Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C also known as PTPRC is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRC gene. PTPRC is also known as CD45 antigen , which was originally called leukocyte common antigen.- Function :The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the protein tyrosine... |
leucocyte common antigen, a type I transmembrane protein present on all hemopoietic cells except erythrocytes that assists in cell activation; expressed in lymphomas, B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, and acute nonlymphocytic leukemia. |
| CD46 CD46 CD46 complement regulatory protein also known as CD46 and Membrane Cofactor Protein is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD46 gene. CD46 is an inhibitory complement receptor.- Gene :... |
Inhibitory complement receptor which is ubiquitously expressed on human cells. |
| CD47 CD47 CD47 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD47 gene.- Function :CD47 is a membrane protein, which is involved in the increase in intracellular calcium concentration that occurs upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix... |
Membrane protein, which is involved in the increase in intracellular calcium concentration that occurs upon cell adhesion to extracellular matrix. |
| CD48 CD48 CD48 is a human protein encoded by the gene.... |
CD48 is a human protein encoded by the CD48 gene. It is a universal cell membrane molecule present on all leukocytes. |
| CD49b CD49b CD49b is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD49b gene.The CD49b protein is an integrin alpha subunit. It makes up half of the α2β1 integrin duplex. Integrins are heterodimeric integral membrane glycoproteins composed of a distinct alpha chain and a common beta chain... |
Very late antigen (VLA) alpha 2 chain; found on platelets and activated B and T cells. |
| CD49c CD49c Integrin alpha-3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGA3 gene.ITGA3 is an integrin alpha subunit. Together with beta-1 subunit, it makes up half of the α3β1 integrin duplex that plays a role in neural migration and corticogenesis, acted upon by such factors as netrin-1 and reelin.ITGA3... |
Very late antigen (VLA) alpha 3 chain; found on nonhematopoietic bone marrow cells. Receptor for collagen, laminin, fibronectin, and thrombospondin. |
| CD53 CD53 Leukocyte surface antigen CD53 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD53 gene.-External links:... |
A leucocyte Leucocyte Leucocyte may refer to:*White blood cells*Leucocyte , a 2008 album by the jazz band E.S.T.... restricted tetraspanin Tetraspanin Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes.Tetraspanins, also called tetraspans or the transmembrane 4 superfamily , have four transmembrane domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and two extracellular domains, one short and one longer, typically 100... expressed by B cells, T cells, dendritic cells, monocytes, NK cells and Granulocytes. |
| CD54 | Intercellular adhesion molecule Intercellular adhesion molecule Intercellular adhesion molecules are members of the family of cell adhesion molecules. They include the following:* ICAM-1 * ICAM2* ICAM3* ICAM4* ICAM5... -1 (ICAM-1): facilitates adhesion between leukocytes to endothelial cells during the immune and inflammatory responses |
| CD55 | Complement Decay-Accelerating Factor (DAF): regulatory factor in one of the three pathways of the immune system complement cascade |
| CD56 | 140 kD isoform of NCAM (neural cell adhesion molecule), a marker for natural killer cell Natural killer cell Natural killer cells are a type of cytotoxic lymphocyte that constitute a major component of the innate immune system. NK cells play a major role in the rejection of tumors and cells infected by viruses... s and some T-lymphocytes |
| CD57 | Is expressed by Natural Killer Cells subsets of T Cells, B Cells, and Monocytes. Represents a carbohydrate epitope that contains a sulfoglucuronyl residue. |
| CD58 CD58 CD58, or lymphocyte function-associated antigen 3 , is a cell adhesion molecule expressed on Antigen Presenting Cells , particularly macrophages.... |
a membrane protein present on many hemopoietic cells and fibroblasts that acts as a ligand for CD2 and may be involved in T-cell function. |
| CD59 CD59 Protectin, a complement regulatory protein, also known as ', or MIRL is a human gene and protein.... |
Membrane attack complex inhibition factor (MACIF); MAC-inhibitory protein (MAC-IP); Antigen MEM43; Protectin: Immune system complement cascade regulatory factor |
| CD61 CD61 Integrin beta-3 or CD61 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ITGB3 gene. CD61 is a cluster of differentiation found on thrombocytes.-Structure and function:... |
Integrin subunit β3; Gene ITGB3. Glycoprotein IIIa (GPIIIa): Component of the integrin αIIbβ3 (GPIIb-IIIa) fibrinogen Fibrinogen Fibrinogen is a soluble plasma glycoprotein, synthesised by the liver, that is converted by thrombin into fibrin during blood coagulation. This is achieved through processes in the coagulation cascade that activate the zymogen prothrombin to the serine protease thrombin, which is responsible for... receptor; major role is in platelet Platelet Platelets, or thrombocytes , are small,irregularly shaped clear cell fragments , 2–3 µm in diameter, which are derived from fragmentation of precursor megakaryocytes. The average lifespan of a platelet is normally just 5 to 9 days... aggregation. Mutations in ITGB3 can be causative for Glanzmann thrombasthenia. |
| CD62E | E-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule expressed only on endothelial cells activated by cytokines. |
| CD62L | L-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule found on leukocytes. |
| CD62P | P-selectin is a cell adhesion molecule (CAM) found in granules in endothelial cells (cells lining blood vessels) and activated platelets. |
| CD63 CD63 CD63 antigen is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD63 gene.CD63 is a good marker for flow cytometric quantification of in vitro activated basophils for diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy. The test is commonly designated as basophil activation test -Interactions:CD63 has been shown to... |
Member of the Tetraspanin Tetraspanin Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes.Tetraspanins, also called tetraspans or the transmembrane 4 superfamily , have four transmembrane domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and two extracellular domains, one short and one longer, typically 100... family expressed in activated platelets, monocytes and macrophages. |
| CD68 CD68 CD68 is a glycoprotein which binds to low density lipoprotein.It is expressed on monocytes/macrophages.The mouse equivalent is called "macrosialin".-Use in pathology:... |
110 kDa highly glycosylated transmembrane protein which is mainly located in lysosomes. Present in macrophages in many human tissues including Kupffer’s cells and macrophages in the red pulp of the spleen, in lung alveoli, in lamina propria of the gut, and in the bone marrow. Used as immunocytochemical marker for staining of monocytes/macrophages. |
| CD69 CD69 CD69 is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the gene.-Further reading:... |
An early activation marker on T cells and NK cells. |
| CD71 | Transferrin Transferrin Transferrins are iron-binding blood plasma glycoproteins that control the level of free iron in biological fluids. In humans, it is encoded by the TF gene.Transferrin is a glycoprotein that binds iron very tightly but reversibly... receptor, mediates cellular uptake of iron Iron Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust... |
| CD72 CD72 CD72 , also known in murine biology as Lyb-2, is a protein active in the immune system of animals. It consists of two identical halves, each of about 39-43 daltons, and is a C-type lectin. Its primarily locus of expression is B-cells, where it appears to mediate aspects of B-cell - T-cell... |
Mediator of B-cell - T-cell interactions |
| CD73 | Also known as 5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase. Is expressed on subsets of B-cells and T-cells, endothelial cells, pericytes, follicular dendritic cells Follicular dendritic cells Follicular dendritic cells are cells of the immune system found in lymph follicles of secondary lymphoid organs and tertiary lymphoid organs. They are probably not of hematopoietic origin, though they look similar to true dendritic cells due to their filiform dendritic processes, but are of... , fibroblasts, epithelial cells, cardiomyocytes, neurons, osteoblasts and trophoblasts. Is also expressed on and used as an identification marker of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Mesenchymal stem cell Mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs, are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of cell types, including: osteoblasts , chondrocytes and adipocytes... s. Catalyzes the conversion of AMP to bioactive adenosine at neutral pH. Also has functions independent of its enzyme activity and can transmit potent activation signals in T-cells when ligated by antibodies. Upon binding of the antibody on lymphocytes, but not on endothelial cells, CD73 delivers a tyrosine phosphorylation inducing signal. Also functions as a cell adhesion molecule and mediates lymphocyte Lymphocyte A lymphocyte is a type of white blood cell in the vertebrate immune system.Under the microscope, lymphocytes can be divided into large lymphocytes and small lymphocytes. Large granular lymphocytes include natural killer cells... binding to endothelial cells and adhesion between B-cells and follicular dendritic cells Follicular dendritic cells Follicular dendritic cells are cells of the immune system found in lymph follicles of secondary lymphoid organs and tertiary lymphoid organs. They are probably not of hematopoietic origin, though they look similar to true dendritic cells due to their filiform dendritic processes, but are of... |
| CD74 CD74 HLA class II histocompatibility antigen gamma chain also known as HLA-DR antigens-associated invariant chain or CD74 , is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD74 gene. The invariant chain is a polypeptide involved in the formation and transport of MHC class II protein... |
Transmembrane protein that assists and maintains the assembly of MHC-II complexes in the ER Endoplasmic reticulum The endoplasmic reticulum is an organelle of cells in eukaryotic organisms that forms an interconnected network of tubules, vesicles, and cisternae... until its loaded with peptide in Endosome Endosome In biology, an endosome is a membrane-bound compartment inside eukaryotic cells. It is a compartment of the endocytic membrane transport pathway from the plasma membrane to the lysosome. Molecules internalized from the plasma membrane can follow this pathway all the way to lysosomes for... s. Present in all professional APCs Antigen-presenting cell An antigen-presenting cell or accessory cell is a cell that displays foreign antigen complexes with major histocompatibility complex on their surfaces. T-cells may recognize these complexes using their T-cell receptors... expressing MHC-II. It is more commonly named "Invariant chain" and coded in the HLA-II Human leukocyte antigen The human leukocyte antigen system is the name of the major histocompatibility complex in humans. The super locus contains a large number of genes related to immune system function in humans. This group of genes resides on chromosome 6, and encodes cell-surface antigen-presenting proteins and... gene cluster. |
| CD80 CD80 Cluster of Differentiation 80 is a protein found on activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival... |
when bound to CD28 on T-cells, can provide the costimulatory effect; also referred to as B7.1, one of the B7 B7 (protein) B7 is a type of peripheral membrane protein found on activated antigen presenting cells that, when paired with either a CD28 or CD152 surface protein on a T cell, can produce a costimulatory signal to enhance or decrease the activity of a MHC-TCR signal between the APC and the T cell, respectively... molecules. Causes up-regulation of a high affinity IL-2 receptor allowing T cells to proliferate. |
| CD81 CD81 CD81 molecule, also known as CD81 , is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CD81 gene... |
A tetraspanin Tetraspanin Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes.Tetraspanins, also called tetraspans or the transmembrane 4 superfamily , have four transmembrane domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and two extracellular domains, one short and one longer, typically 100... expressed in a wide variety of tissues, which plays an important role in B cell B cell B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of antigen-presenting cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction... s as part of the B cell B cell B cells are lymphocytes that play a large role in the humoral immune response . The principal functions of B cells are to make antibodies against antigens, perform the role of antigen-presenting cells and eventually develop into memory B cells after activation by antigen interaction... co-receptor complex with CD19, Leu 13 and CD21. Also expressed in T cells, NK cells, Dendritic cells, Monocytes and blood progenitors. |
| CD82 | Member of the tetraspanin Tetraspanin Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes.Tetraspanins, also called tetraspans or the transmembrane 4 superfamily , have four transmembrane domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and two extracellular domains, one short and one longer, typically 100... family of transmembrane proteins. Broad tissue distribution including B cells, T cells, Granulocytes, Monocytes and CD34 CD34 CD34 molecule is a cluster of differentiation molecule present on certain cells within the human body. It is a cell surface glycoprotein and functions as a cell-cell adhesion factor. It may also mediate the attachment of stem cells to bone marrow extracellular matrix or directly to stromal cells... + progenitors. |
| CD83 CD83 CD83 is a human protein encoded by the gene.... |
a 45 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein of the Ig superfamily. Expressed on cultured dendritic cells, interdigitating, follicular, and circulating dendritic cells as well as some proliferating lymphocyte of all human cell lines. Functionally unclear, but can serve as a useful marker for mature human blood dendritic cells. |
| CD86 CD86 Cluster of Differentiation 86 is a protein expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival... |
when bound to CD28 on T-cells, can provide the costimulatory effect; also referred to as B7.2, one of the B7 B7 (protein) B7 is a type of peripheral membrane protein found on activated antigen presenting cells that, when paired with either a CD28 or CD152 surface protein on a T cell, can produce a costimulatory signal to enhance or decrease the activity of a MHC-TCR signal between the APC and the T cell, respectively... molecules. Causes up-regulation of a high affinity IL-2 receptor allowing T cells to proliferate. |
| CD87 | also referred to as the urokinase type plasminogen activator receptor, provides a binding point for urokinase type plasminogen activator |
| CD88 | C5a receptor |
| CD89 | FcalphaRI - receptor for IgA |
| CD90 CD90 Thy-1 or CD90 is a 25–37 kDa heavily N-glycosylated, glycophosphatidylinositol anchored conserved cell surface protein with a single V-like immunoglobulin domain, originally discovered as a thymocyte antigen. Thy-1 can be used as a marker for a variety of stem cells and for the axonal processes... |
Thy-1 Thymus cell antigen. |
| CD91 | Low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) (also known as α2-macroglobulin receptor), a major endocytotic receptor with over 35 known ligands including amyloid precursor protein (APP), ApoE, and many proteins involved with protease regulation |
| CD95 | Fas Receptor- receptor for Fas ligand, an extrinsic apoptotic signal |
| CD96 CD96 CD96 or Tactile is a T cell-specific receptor and shares sequence similarity with CD226 .... |
|
| CD100 | also known as semaphorin 4D and is known as a potent proagiogenic molecule. |
| CD103 | a type I transmembrane protein present on intestinal intraepithelial lymphocytes, some circulating leukocytes, and some T cells that facilitates adhesion to epithelia; expressed in hairy cell leukemia and some B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemias. |
| CD105 | Endoglin, a regulatory component of the TGF-beta receptor-cell complex. Mediates cellular response to TGFbeta. |
| CD106 | VCAM-1; Alpha 4 beta 1 ligand. Adhesion molecule involved in white blood cell migration. |
| CD109 CD109 CD109 is a human gene.... |
r150, Gov alloantigen, an accessory receptor of the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Mediates cellular response to TGFbeta. Presents Gov alloantigens and ABH blood antigens. |
| CD117 CD117 Mast/stem cell growth factor receptor also known as proto-oncogene c-Kit or tyrosine-protein kinase Kit or CD117 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the KIT gene... |
c-kit Tyrosine kinase A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.... , the receptor Receptor (biochemistry) In biochemistry, a receptor is a molecule found on the surface of a cell, which receives specific chemical signals from neighbouring cells or the wider environment within an organism... for Stem Cell Factor, a glycoprotein Glycoprotein Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycosylation. In proteins that have segments extending... that regulates cellular differentiation Cellular differentiation In developmental biology, cellular differentiation is the process by which a less specialized cell becomes a more specialized cell type. Differentiation occurs numerous times during the development of a multicellular organism as the organism changes from a simple zygote to a complex system of... , particularly in hematopoiesis |
| CD120 CD120 CD120 , also known as the tumor necrosis factor receptor . This protein is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily.- Receptor subtypes :... |
a receptor for Tumour Necrosis Factor, an inflammatory cytokine Cytokine Cytokines are small cell-signaling protein molecules that are secreted by the glial cells of the nervous system and by numerous cells of the immune system and are a category of signaling molecules used extensively in intercellular communication... |
| CD127 | the IL-7 receptor alpha chain |
| CD133 CD133 CD133, originally known as AC133. CD133 is a glycoprotein also known in humans and rodents as Prominin 1 . Currently the function of CD133 is unknown... |
a hematopoietic and CNS stem cell marker. A 5 transmembrane domain protein, with no known function. Also known as AC133. |
| CD134 CD134 CD134, also known as OX40, is a member of the TNFR-superfamily of receptors which is not constitutively expressed on resting naïve T cells, unlike CD28. OX40 is a secondary costimulatory molecule, expressed after 24 to 72 hours following activation; its ligand, OX40L, is also not expressed on... |
Also known as OX40; A T cell secondary costimulatory molecule which enances proliferation, cytokine production and survival. |
| CD135 CD135 Cluster of differentiation antigen 135 also known as Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 or receptor-type tyrosine-protein kinase FLT3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FLT3 gene... |
Also known as fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-3 (Flt3) or fetal liver kinase-2 (Flk2); A cytokine receptor Cytokine receptor Cytokine receptors are receptors that bind cytokines.In recent years, the cytokine receptors have come to demand the attention of more investigators than cytokines themselves, partly because of their remarkable characteristics, and partly because a deficiency of cytokine receptors has now been... for Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) important in early hematopoiesis. |
| CD138 | a plasma cell-surface glycoprotein Glycoprotein Glycoproteins are proteins that contain oligosaccharide chains covalently attached to polypeptide side-chains. The carbohydrate is attached to the protein in a cotranslational or posttranslational modification. This process is known as glycosylation. In proteins that have segments extending... , known as syndecan-1. Syndecan functions as the alpha receptor for collagen, fibronectin and thrombospondin. |
| CD141 | Thrombomodulin Thrombomodulin Thrombomodulin, CD141 or BDCA-3 is an integral membrane protein expressed on the surface of endothelial cells. In humans, thrombomodulin is encoded by the THBD gene... or BDCA-3, an integral membrane protein Integral membrane protein An integral membrane protein is a protein molecule that is permanently attached to the biological membrane. Proteins that cross the membrane are surrounded by "annular" lipids, which are defined as lipids that are in direct contact with a membrane protein... . On endothelial Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells are called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart... cells, it is involved in anticoagulation. It also occurs, with unknown function, on a very rare subtype of dendritic cells. |
| CD142 | Tissue factor Tissue factor Tissue factor, also called platelet tissue factor, factor III, thrombokinase, or CD142 is a protein present in subendothelial tissue, platelets, and leukocytes necessary for the initiation of thrombin formation from the zymogen prothrombin. An incorrect synonym is thromboplastin... , a major initiator of blood-clotting Coagulation Coagulation is a complex process by which blood forms clots. It is an important part of hemostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, wherein a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a platelet and fibrin-containing clot to stop bleeding and begin repair of the damaged vessel... |
| CD143 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme Angiotensin-converting enzyme Angiotensin I-converting enzyme , an exopeptidase, is a circulating enzyme that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin system , which mediates extracellular volume , and arterial vasoconstriction... |
| CD144 | VE-Cadherin, a calcium-dependent adhesion molecule at intercellular junctions, found mainly in the vascular endothelium Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells are called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart... . Recent research indicates that CD144 may be present on some leucocytes as well. |
| CD147 | Neurothelin. An extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer. |
| CD151 CD151 CD151 molecule , also known as CD151 , is a human gene.-Further reading:... |
Tetraspanin Tetraspanin Tetraspanins are a family of membrane proteins found in all multicellular eukaryotes.Tetraspanins, also called tetraspans or the transmembrane 4 superfamily , have four transmembrane domains, intracellular N- and C-termini and two extracellular domains, one short and one longer, typically 100... with a wide tissue distribution, including platelets, Megakaryocytes, Granulocytes and erythroleukemia. |
| CD152 | Also called Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4 CTLA-4 CTLA4 also known as CD152 is a protein that plays an important regulatory role in the immune system... ). Expressed in CD4 CD4 CD4 is a glycoprotein expressed on the surface of T helper cells, monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. It was discovered in the late 1970s and was originally known as leu-3 and T4 before being named CD4 in 1984... + T Lymphocytes but also found in some B Lymphocytes. Binds to CD80 CD80 Cluster of Differentiation 80 is a protein found on activated B cells and monocytes that provides a costimulatory signal necessary for T cell activation and survival... and CD86 CD86 Cluster of Differentiation 86 is a protein expressed on antigen-presenting cells that provides costimulatory signals necessary for T cell activation and survival... receptors with a higher affinity than CD28 CD28 CD28 is one of the molecules expressed on T cells that provide co-stimulatory signals, which are required for T cell activation. CD28 is the receptor for CD80 and CD86 . When activated by Toll-like receptor ligands, the CD80 expression is upregulated in antigen presenting cells... , and inhibits T cell activation. |
| CD154 CD154 CD154, also called CD40 ligand or CD40L, is a protein that is primarily expressed on activated T cells and is a member of the TNF superfamily of molecules. It binds to CD40 on antigen-presenting cells , which leads to many effects depending on the target cell type... |
The ligand for CD40. This is a costimulatory molecule that plays many roles, best known for activating B cells but also known to induce the activation of an APC in association with T cell receptor stimulation by MHC molecules on the APC. |
| CD156 | A member of A Disinetgrin And Metalloprotease family ADAM8. |
| CD158 | Killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) with two extracellular domains, variously expressed on NK cells. CD158a is KIR2DL1, CD158b is KIR2DL3, CD158d is KIR2DL4. |
| CD163 CD163 CD163 is a human protein encoded by the gene.... |
M130; HbSR; RM3/1 antigen. A glycoprotein endocytic scavenger receptor for haptoglobin-hemoglobin complexes. Found specifically on monocytes/macrophages and some dendritic cells. Involved in anti-iflammatory processes. Soluble form shed upon Toll-like receptor activation. |
| CD166 | activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM). |
| CD168 | receptor for hyaluronan-mediated motility (RHAMM). |
| CD184 | CXCR4, Stromal Derived Factor 1 (SDF1). Receptor for the CXC chemokine SDF1. A receptor involved in mesenchymal stem cell homing and migration. |
| CDw186 | CXCR6, a G-protein-coupled receptor for the chemokine Chemokine Chemokines are a family of small cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells. Their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells; they are chemotactic cytokines... CXCL16 |
| CD195 | CCR5, a beta chemokine recpeptor to which the natural chemokine Chemokine Chemokines are a family of small cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells. Their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells; they are chemotactic cytokines... ligands Ligand (biochemistry) In biochemistry and pharmacology, a ligand is a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. In a narrower sense, it is a signal triggering molecule, binding to a site on a target protein.The binding occurs by intermolecular forces, such as ionic bonds, hydrogen... RANTES RANTES Chemokine ligand 5 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the CCL5 gene. It is also known as RANTES .- Function :... and macrophage inflammatory protein Macrophage Inflammatory Protein Macrophage Inflammatory Proteins belong to the family of chemotactic cytokines known as chemokines. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 , MIP-1 and MIP-1 are chemokines crucial for immune responses towards infection and inflammation. In humans, there are two major forms, MIP-1α and MIP-1β that are... bind. It is commonly used by HIV HIV Human immunodeficiency virus is a lentivirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome , a condition in humans in which progressive failure of the immune system allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive... as a co-receptor Co-receptor A co-receptor is a cell surface receptor that binds a signalling molecule in addition to a primary receptor in order to facilitate ligand recognition and initiate biological processes, such as entry of a pathogen into a host cell.-Co-receptor Properties:... to enter its target cells. |
| CD197 | CCR7, a beta chemokine recpeptor to which chemokines Chemokine Chemokines are a family of small cytokines, or proteins secreted by cells. Their name is derived from their ability to induce directed chemotaxis in nearby responsive cells; they are chemotactic cytokines... involved in the migration of T lymphocytes across high endothelial venules High endothelial venules High endothelial venules are specialized post-capillary venous swellings characterized by plump endothelial cells as opposed to the usual thiner endothelial cells found in regular venules... bind. |
| CD209 | DC-SIGN, C-type lectin Lectin Lectins are sugar-binding proteins that are highly specific for their sugar moieties. They play a role in biological recognition phenomena involving cells and proteins. For example, some viruses use lectins to attach themselves to the cells of the host organism during infection... receptor found on dendritic cell subsets |
| CD202a | Tie2, the receptor for angiopoietins, a family of angiogenic Angiogenesis Angiogenesis is the physiological process involving the growth of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels. Though there has been some debate over terminology, vasculogenesis is the term used for spontaneous blood-vessel formation, and intussusception is the term for the formation of new blood... factors |
| CD220 | The insulin receptor Insulin receptor In molecular biology, the insulin receptor is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin. It belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors.... (INSR) is a transmembrane receptor with intrinsic tyrosine kinase Tyrosine kinase A tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from ATP to a protein in a cell. It functions as an "on" or "off" switch in many cellular functions.... activity whose ligand is insulin Insulin Insulin is a hormone central to regulating carbohydrate and fat metabolism in the body. Insulin causes cells in the liver, muscle, and fat tissue to take up glucose from the blood, storing it as glycogen in the liver and muscle.... . It plays a crucial role in the regulation of various metabolic pathways, as well as regulating aspects of the cell cycle, such as cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis Apoptosis Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death that may occur in multicellular organisms. Biochemical events lead to characteristic cell changes and death. These changes include blebbing, cell shrinkage, nuclear fragmentation, chromatin condensation, and chromosomal DNA fragmentation... . Mutations in the insulin receptor have been found to be associated with both Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Diabetes mellitus Diabetes mellitus, often simply referred to as diabetes, is a group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar, either because the body does not produce enough insulin, or because cells do not respond to the insulin that is produced... . |
| CD235a | Glycophorin Glycophorin A Glycophorin is a sialoglycoprotein of the membrane of a red blood cell. It is a membrane-spanning protein and carries sugar molecules. It is heavily glycosylated . Glycophorins are rich in sialic acid, which gives the red cells a very hydrophilic-charged coat... , a protein Protein Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of... on blood Blood Blood is a specialized bodily fluid in animals that delivers necessary substances such as nutrients and oxygen to the cells and transports metabolic waste products away from those same cells.... cells Cell (biology) The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all known living organisms. It is the smallest unit of life that is classified as a living thing, and is often called the building block of life. The Alberts text discusses how the "cellular building blocks" move to shape developing embryos.... |
| CD271 | is the p75 Nerve Growth factor receptor (NGFR) |
| CD303 | BDCA-2, a type II transmembrane C-type lectin Lectin Lectins are sugar-binding proteins that are highly specific for their sugar moieties. They play a role in biological recognition phenomena involving cells and proteins. For example, some viruses use lectins to attach themselves to the cells of the host organism during infection... which is involved in endocytosis Endocytosis Endocytosis is a process by which cells absorb molecules by engulfing them. It is used by all cells of the body because most substances important to them are large polar molecules that cannot pass through the hydrophobic plasma or cell membrane... of antigen Antigen An antigen is a foreign molecule that, when introduced into the body, triggers the production of an antibody by the immune system. The immune system will then kill or neutralize the antigen that is recognized as a foreign and potentially harmful invader. These invaders can be molecules such as... s for processing Antigen processing Antigen processing is a biological process that prepares antigens for presentation to special cells of the immune system called T lymphocytes. This process involves two distinct pathways for processing of antigens from an organism's own proteins or intracellular pathogens , or from phagocytosed... in plasmacytoid dendritic cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are innate immune cells that circulate in the blood and are found in peripheral lymphoid organs. They constitute... s. Activation decreases type I interferon Interferon Interferons are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens—such as viruses, bacteria, or parasites—or tumor cells. They allow communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors.IFNs belong to... production. |
| CD304 | Neuropilin-1 (NP-1) or BDCA-4, has a wide range of functions. On neuron Neuron A neuron is an electrically excitable cell that processes and transmits information by electrical and chemical signaling. Chemical signaling occurs via synapses, specialized connections with other cells. Neurons connect to each other to form networks. Neurons are the core components of the nervous... s, it is a receptor for axon Axon An axon is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body or soma.... growth guidance class-3 semaphorin Semaphorin Semaphorins are a class of secreted and membrane proteins that act as axonal growth cone guidance molecules. They primarily act as short-range inhibitory signals and signal through multimeric receptor complexes. They are usually cues to deflect axons from inappropriate regions, especially... s SEMA3A and plexin-1, on endothelial Endothelium The endothelium is the thin layer of cells that lines the interior surface of blood vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. These cells are called endothelial cells. Endothelial cells line the entire circulatory system, from the heart... and some tumor cells it is a VEGF165 receptor, and on plasmacytoid dendritic cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cell Plasmacytoid dendritic cells are innate immune cells that circulate in the blood and are found in peripheral lymphoid organs. They constitute... s it has a similar role to CD303 but does not decrease interferon production upon activation. |
| CD326 | Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) or Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 1 (TACSTD1). Expressed on epithelial cells and on many tumors; used as a target for anti-tumor drugs. CD326 is expressed in pluripotent stem cells. |