Africa

• Ashanti Confederacy -
  1. Akyampon Panyin, Chair of the Kwasafomanhyiamu (1884–1887)
  2. Owusu Sekyere II, Regent (1887–1888)
• Burundi
  Burundi
  Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...
  
   - Mwezi IV Gisabo, King of Burundi (1852–1908)
• Dahomey - Glele
  Glele
  Badohou, who took the throne name Glele, is considered to be the tenth King of the Aja kingdom of Dahomey . He succeeded his father, Ghezo, and ruled from 1858 to 1889....
  
  , King of Dahomey (1856–1889)
• Ethiopia
  Ethiopian Empire
  The Ethiopian Empire also known as Abyssinia, covered a geographical area that the present-day northern half of Ethiopia and Eritrea covers, and included in its peripheries Zeila, Djibouti, Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia...
  
   - Yohannes IV
  Yohannes IV of Ethiopia
  Yohannes IV , born Lij Kassay Mercha Ge'ez, was Emperor of Ethiopia from 1872 until his death.-Early life:...
  
  , Emperor of Ethiopia
  Emperor of Ethiopia
  The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...
  
   (1871–1889)
• Liberia
  Liberia
  Liberia , officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country in West Africa. It is bordered by Sierra Leone on the west, Guinea on the north and Côte d'Ivoire on the east. Liberia's coastline is composed of mostly mangrove forests while the more sparsely populated inland consists of forests that open...
  
   - Hilary R. W. Johnson
  Hilary R. W. Johnson
  Hilary Richard Wright Johnson served as the 11th President of Liberia from 1884 to 1892. He was elected four times. He served as Secretary of State before his presidency, under the administration of Edward James Roye....
  
  , President of Liberia (1884–1892)
• Orange Free State
  Orange Free State
  The Orange Free State was an independent Boer republic in southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century, and later a British colony and a province of the Union of South Africa. It is the historical precursor to the present-day Free State province...
  
   - Johannes Henricus Brand, State President of the Orange Free State (1864–1888)
• Sokoto Caliphate
  • Caliph - Umar bin Ali, Sokoto Caliph (1881–1891)
  • Grand Vizier - Muhammad Bukhari, Sokoto Grand Vizier
    Sokoto Grand Vizier
    The Wazirin Sakkwato, or "Sokoto Grand Vizier", was the Grand Vizier to the Sultan of Sokoto of the Fulani Empire, in fact rather suzerain of the Fulani Jihad states.-List of Grand Viziers:*Gidago dan Laima...
    
     (1886–1910)
• South African Republic
  South African Republic
  The South African Republic , often informally known as the Transvaal Republic, was an independent Boer-ruled country in Southern Africa during the second half of the 19th century. Not to be confused with the present-day Republic of South Africa, it occupied the area later known as the South African...
  
   - Paul Kruger
  Paul Kruger
  Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger , better known as Paul Kruger and affectionately known as Uncle Paul was State President of the South African Republic...
  
  , State President of the South African Republic (1883–1902)
• Zanzibar
  Zanzibar
  Zanzibar ,Persian: زنگبار, from suffix bār: "coast" and Zangi: "bruin" ; is a semi-autonomous part of Tanzania, in East Africa. It comprises the Zanzibar Archipelago in the Indian Ocean, off the coast of the mainland, and consists of numerous small islands and two large ones: Unguja , and Pemba...
  
   - Barghash ibn Sa'id, Sultan of Zanzibar (1870–1888)

Asia

• Afghanistan
  Afghanistan
  Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...
  
   - Abdur Rahman Khan
  Abdur Rahman Khan
  Abdur Rahman Khan was Emir of Afghanistan from 1880 to 1901.The third son of Mohammad Afzal Khan, and grandson of Dost Mohammad Khan, Abdur Rahman Khan was considered a strong ruler who re-established the writ of the Afghan government in Kabul after the disarray that followed the second...
  
  , King of Afghanistan (1880–1901)
• China (Qing Dynasty
  Qing Dynasty
  The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
  
  ) - Guangxu, Emperor of China
  Emperor of China
  The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...
  
   (1875–1908)
• Japan
  Empire of Japan
  The Empire of Japan is the name of the state of Japan that existed from the Meiji Restoration on 3 January 1868 to the enactment of the post-World War II Constitution of...
  
  
  • Monarch - Meiji Emperor, Emperor of Japan
    Emperor of Japan
    The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...
    
     (1867–1912)
  • Prime Minister - Ito Hirobumi
    Ito Hirobumi
    Prince was a samurai of Chōshū domain, Japanese statesman, four time Prime Minister of Japan , genrō and Resident-General of Korea. Itō was assassinated by An Jung-geun, a Korean nationalist who was against the annexation of Korea by the Japanese Empire...
    
    , Prime Minister of Japan
    Prime Minister of Japan
    The is the head of government of Japan. He is appointed by the Emperor of Japan after being designated by the Diet from among its members, and must enjoy the confidence of the House of Representatives to remain in office...
    
     (1885–1888)
• Korea
  Korea
  Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...
  
   (Joseon Dynasty
  Joseon Dynasty
  Joseon , was a Korean state founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul...
  
  ) - Gojong, King of Joseon (1864–1907, Emperor after 1897)
• Oman
  Oman
  Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...
  
   - Turki bin Said
  Turki bin Said, Sultan of Muscat and Oman
  Sayyid Turki bin Said, GCSI was Sultan of Muscat and Oman from January 30, 1871 to June 4, 1888. He was the fifth son of Said bin Sultan, Sultan of Muscat and Oman.On Turki's death, he was succeeded by his second son, Faisal bin Turki....
  
  , Sultan of Oman
  Sultan of Oman
  -List of Imams :-Nabhan Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Banu Ghafir Dynasty :-Ya'ariba Dynasty :-Al Said Dynasty :-See also:...
  
   (1871–1888)
• Persia - Nasser-al-Din Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia
  Qajar dynasty
  The Qajar dynasty was an Iranian royal family of Turkic descent who ruled Persia from 1785 to 1925....
  
   (1848–1896)
• Umm al-Quwain
  Umm al-Quwain
  Umm al-Quwain is one of the emirates in the United Arab Emirates, located in the north of the country. The emirate was ruled until his death by Rashid bin Ahmad Al Mu'alla, who was a member of the UAE's Supreme Council since 1981. The emirate had 62,000 inhabitants in 2003 and has an area of 750...
  
   - Sheikh Ahmad I bin `Abd Allah Al Mu`alla, Emir (1873–1904)

Europe

• Andorra
  Andorra
  Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...
  
  
  • Co-Princes -
    • French Co-Prince -
      1. Jules Grévy
         Jules Grévy
         François Paul Jules Grévy was a President of the French Third Republic and one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republicans faction. Given that his predecessors were monarchists who tried without success to restore the French monarchy, Grévy is seen as the first real republican President of...
         
         , President of France (1879–1887)
      2. Marie François Sadi Carnot
         Marie François Sadi Carnot
         Marie François Sadi Carnot was a French statesman and the fourth president of the Third French Republic. He served as the President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894.-Early life:...
         
         , President of France (1887–1894)
    • Episcopal Co-Prince - Salvador Casañas y Pagés, Bishop of Urgell (1879–1901)
  • First Syndic - Francesc Maestre, First Syndic of Andorra (1886–1888)
• Austria-Hungary
  Austria-Hungary
  Austria-Hungary , more formally known as the Kingdoms and Lands Represented in the Imperial Council and the Lands of the Holy Hungarian Crown of Saint Stephen, was a constitutional monarchic union between the crowns of the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary in...
  
   - Franz Joseph I, Emperor of Austria
  Emperor of Austria
  The Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...
  
   and King of Hungary
  King of Hungary
  The King of Hungary was the head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1918.The style of title "Apostolic King" was confirmed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all the Kings of Hungary, so after this date the kings are referred to as "Apostolic King of...
  
   (1848–1916)
  • Joint Foreign Minister - Count Gustav Kálnoky
    Gustav Kálnoky
    Count Gustav Siegmund Kálnoky , Austro-Hungarian statesman, was born on December 29, 1832 in Letovice , Moravia to an old Transylvanian family which had held countly rank in Hungary from the 17th century...
    
    , Joint Minister of Foreign Affairs
  • Minister-President of Austria - Count Eduard von Taaffe, Minister-President of Austria (1879–1893)
  • Minister-President of Hungary - Kálmán Tisza
    Kálmán Tisza
    Kálmán Tisza de Borosjenő was the Hungarian prime minister between 1875 and 1890. He is credited for the formation of a consolidated Magyar government, the foundation of the new Liberal Party and major economic reforms that would both save and eventually lead to a government with popular...
    
    , Minister-President of Hungary (1875–1890)
• Belgium
  • Monarch - Léopold II
    Leopold II of Belgium
    Leopold II was the second king of the Belgians. Born in Brussels the second son of Leopold I and Louise-Marie of Orléans, he succeeded his father to the throne on 17 December 1865 and remained king until his death.Leopold is chiefly remembered as the founder and sole owner of the Congo Free...
    
    , King of the Belgians (1865–1909)
  • Cabinet Chief - August Beernaert, Cabinet Chief of Belgium (1884–1894)
• Denmark
  • Monarch - Christian IX
    Christian IX of Denmark
    Christian IX was King of Denmark from 16 November 1863 to 29 January 1906.Growing up as a prince of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Glücksburg, a junior branch of the House of Oldenburg which had ruled Denmark since 1448, Christian was originally not in the immediate line of succession to the Danish...
    
    , King of Denmark (1863–1906)
  • Prime Minister - Jakob Brønnum Scavenius Estrup, Prime Minister of Denmark
    Prime Minister of Denmark
    The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....
    
     (1875–1894)
• France
  French Third Republic
  The French Third Republic was the republican government of France from 1870, when the Second French Empire collapsed due to the French defeat in the Franco-Prussian War, to 1940, when France was overrun by Nazi Germany during World War II, resulting in the German and Italian occupations of France...
  
   -
  • President -
    1. Jules Grévy
       Jules Grévy
       François Paul Jules Grévy was a President of the French Third Republic and one of the leaders of the Opportunist Republicans faction. Given that his predecessors were monarchists who tried without success to restore the French monarchy, Grévy is seen as the first real republican President of...
       
       , President of France (1879–1887)
    2. Marie François Sadi Carnot
       Marie François Sadi Carnot
       Marie François Sadi Carnot was a French statesman and the fourth president of the Third French Republic. He served as the President of France from 1887 until his assassination in 1894.-Early life:...
       
       , President of France (1887–1894)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. René Goblet
       René Goblet
       René Goblet was a French politician, Prime Minister of France for a period in 1886–1887.He was born at Aire-sur-la-Lys, Pas-de-Calais and was trained in law. Under the Second Empire, he helped found a Liberal journal, Le Progrès de la Somme, and in July 1871 he was sent by the département of the...
       
       , President of the Council
       Prime Minister of France
       The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
       
        (1886–1887)
    2. Maurice Rouvier
       Maurice Rouvier
       Maurice Rouvier was a French statesman.He was born in Aix-en-Provence, and spent his early career in business at Marseille. He supported Léon Gambetta's candidature there in 1867, and in 1870 he founded an anti-imperial journal, L'Egalité. Becoming secretary general of the prefecture of...
       
       , President of the Council
       Prime Minister of France
       The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
       
        (1887)
    3. Pierre Tirard
       Pierre Tirard
       Pierre Emmanuel Tirard was a French politician.He was born to French parents in Geneva, Switzerland. After studying in his native town, Tirard became a civil engineer. After five years of government service he resigned to become a jewel merchant...
       
       , President of the Council
       Prime Minister of France
       The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...
       
        (1887–1888)
• German Empire
  German Empire
  The German Empire refers to Germany during the "Second Reich" period from the unification of Germany and proclamation of Wilhelm I as German Emperor on 18 January 1871, to 1918, when it became a federal republic after defeat in World War I and the abdication of the Emperor, Wilhelm II.The German...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Wilhelm I, Kaiser
    Kaiser
    Kaiser is the German title meaning "Emperor", with Kaiserin being the female equivalent, "Empress". Like the Russian Czar it is directly derived from the Latin Emperors' title of Caesar, which in turn is derived from the personal name of a branch of the gens Julia, to which Gaius Julius Caesar,...
    
     (1871–1888)
  • Chancellor - Prince Otto von Bismarck
    Otto von Bismarck
    Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince of Bismarck, Duke of Lauenburg , simply known as Otto von Bismarck, was a Prussian-German statesman whose actions unified Germany, made it a major player in world affairs, and created a balance of power that kept Europe at peace after 1871.As Minister President of...
    
    , Chancellor of Germany (1871–1890)
  • see also List of German rulers in 1887
• Greece
  Kingdom of Greece
  The Kingdom of Greece was a state established in 1832 in the Convention of London by the Great Powers...
  
  
  • Monarch - George I
    George I of Greece
    George I was King of Greece from 1863 to 1913. Originally a Danish prince, George was only 17 years old when he was elected king by the Greek National Assembly, which had deposed the former king Otto. His nomination was both suggested and supported by the Great Powers...
    
    , King of the Hellenes (1863–1913)
  • Prime Minister - Charilaos Trikoupis
    Charilaos Trikoupis
    Charilaos Trikoupis was a Greek politician who served as a Prime Minister of Greece seven times from 1875 until 1895....
    
    , Prime Minister of Greece
    Prime Minister of Greece
    The Prime Minister of Greece , officially the Prime Minister of the Hellenic Republic , is the head of government of the Hellenic Republic and the leader of the Greek cabinet. The current interim Prime Minister is Lucas Papademos, a former Vice President of the European Central Bank, following...
    
     (1886–1890)
• Italy
  Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
  The Kingdom of Italy was a state forged in 1861 by the unification of Italy under the influence of the Kingdom of Sardinia, which was its legal predecessor state...
  
  
  • Monarch - Umberto I
    Umberto I of Italy
    Umberto I or Humbert I , nicknamed the Good , was the King of Italy from 9 January 1878 until his death. He was deeply loathed in far-left circles, especially among anarchists, because of his conservatism and support of the Bava-Beccaris massacre in Milan...
    
    , King of Italy
    King of Italy
    King of Italy is a title adopted by many rulers of the Italian peninsula after the fall of the Roman Empire...
    
     (1878–1900)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Agostino Depretis
       Agostino Depretis
       Agostino Depretis was an Italian statesman.-Biography:Depretis was born at Mezzana Corte, near Stradella, in the province of Pavia ....
       
       , Prime Minister of Italy
       Prime minister of Italy
       The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
       
        (1881–1887)
    2. Francesco Crispi
       Francesco Crispi
       Francesco Crispi was a 19th-century Italian politician of Arbëreshë ancestry. He was instrumental in the unification of Italy and was its 17th and 20th Prime Minister from 1887 until 1891 and again from 1893 until 1896.-Sicily:Crispi’s paternal family came originally from the small agricultural...
       
       , Prime Minister of Italy
       Prime minister of Italy
       The Prime Minister of Italy is the head of government of the Italian Republic...
       
        (1887–1891)
• Liechtenstein
  Liechtenstein
  The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...
  
   - Johann II, Prince of Liechtenstein (1858–1929)
• Luxembourg
  Luxembourg
  Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...
  
  
  • Monarch - William III
    William III of the Netherlands
    William III was from 1849 King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg until his death and the Duke of Limburg until the abolition of the Duchy in 1866.-Early life:William was born in Brussels as son of William II of the Netherlands and...
    
    , Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    Grand Duke of Luxembourg
    The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...
    
     (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister - Édouard Thilges, Prime Minister of Luxembourg (1885–1888)
• Monaco
  Monaco
  Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...
  
   - Charles III, Prince of Monaco
  Charles III, Prince of Monaco
  Charles III was Prince of Monaco and Duke of Valentinois from 20 June 1856 to his death. He was the founder of the famous casino in Monte Carlo, as his title in Monegasque and Italian was Carlo III.-Birth:...
  
   (1856–1889)
• Montenegro
  Montenegro
  Montenegro Montenegrin: Crna Gora Црна Гора , meaning "Black Mountain") is a country located in Southeastern Europe. It has a coast on the Adriatic Sea to the south-west and is bordered by Croatia to the west, Bosnia and Herzegovina to the northwest, Serbia to the northeast and Albania to the...
  
  
  • Monarch - Nicholas I
    Nicholas I of Montenegro
    Nikola I Mirkov Petrović-Njegoš was the only king of Montenegro, reigning as king from 1910 to 1918 and as prince from 1860 to 1910. He was also a poet, notably penning "Onamo, 'namo!", a popular song from Montenegro.-Early life:Nikola was born in the village of Njeguši, the ancient home of the...
    
    , Prince of Montenegro (1860–1910)
  • Prime Minister - Bozo Petrovic-Njegos, Prime Minister of Montenegro
    Prime Minister of Montenegro
    The Prime Minister of Montenegro , is the head of the Government of Montenegro. The role of the Prime Minister is to direct the work of the Government, and to submit to the Parliament the Government's Program, including a list of proposed ministers...
    
     (1879–1905)
• Netherlands -
  • Monarch - William III
    William III of the Netherlands
    William III was from 1849 King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg until his death and the Duke of Limburg until the abolition of the Duchy in 1866.-Early life:William was born in Brussels as son of William II of the Netherlands and...
    
    , King of the Netherlands (1849–1890)
  • Prime Minister - Jan Heemskerk
    Jan Heemskerk
    Jan Heemskerk Abrahamszoon was a Dutch politician, who became the prime minister of the Netherlands in 1874 until 1877, and again in 1883, until 1888. His son, Theo Heemskerk was also prime minister, in the period 1908-1913.-History:Heemskerk was born in Amsterdam in 1818...
    
    , Chairman of the Dutch Council of ministers
    Prime Minister of the Netherlands
    The Prime Minister of the Netherlands is the chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Netherlands. He is the de facto head of government of the Netherlands and coordinates the policy of the government...
    
     (1874–1877, 1883–1888)
• Norway - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway
  • Monarch - Oscar II
    Oscar II of Sweden
    Oscar II , baptised Oscar Fredrik was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until 1905. The third son of King Oscar I of Sweden and Josephine of Leuchtenberg, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden through his mother.-Early life:At his birth in Stockholm, Oscar...
    
    , King of Norway (1872–1905)
  • Prime Minister - Johan Sverdrup
    Johan Sverdrup
    Johan Sverdrup was a Norwegian politician from the Liberal Party. He was the first Prime Minister of Norway after the introduction of parliamentarism. Sverdrup was Prime Minister from 1884 to 1889.- Early years :...
    
    , Prime Minister of Norway
    Prime Minister of Norway
    The Prime Minister of Norway is the political leader of Norway and the Head of His Majesty's Government. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Stortinget , to their political party, and ultimately the...
    
     (1884–1889)
• Ottoman (Turkish) Empire
  Ottoman Empire
  The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
  
  
  • Monarch - Abdulhamid II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1876–1909)
  • Grand Vizier - Kibrisli Mehmed Kamil Pasha
    Kibrisli Mehmed Kamil Pasha
    Kâmil Pasha , also spelled as Kiamil Pasha was an Ottoman statesman of Turkish Cypriot origin in the late 19th century and early 20th century, who became, as aside regional or international posts within the Ottoman state structure, grand vizier of the Empire during four different periods.He was...
    
    , Grand Vizier
    Grand Vizier
    Grand Vizier, in Turkish Vezir-i Azam or Sadr-ı Azam , deriving from the Arabic word vizier , was the greatest minister of the Sultan, with absolute power of attorney and, in principle, dismissable only by the Sultan himself...
    
     (1885–1891)
  • Bulgaria
    Principality of Bulgaria
    The Principality of Bulgaria was a self-governing entity created as a vassal of the Ottoman Empire by the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. The preliminary treaty of San Stefano between the Russian Empire and the Porte , on March 3, had originally proposed a significantly larger Bulgarian territory: its...
    
    
    • Head of State -
      1. Regency Council (1886–1887)
      2. Ferdinand I, Prince of Bulgaria (1887–1908)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Vasil Radoslavov
         Vasil Radoslavov
         Vasil Radoslavov was a leading Bulgarian liberal politician who twice served as Prime Minister. He was Premier of the country throughout most of World War I....
         
         , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1886–1887)
      2. Konstantin Stoilov
         Konstantin Stoilov
         Konstantin Stoilov was a leading Bulgarian politician and twice Prime Minister. Simeon Radev described him as the most European-like of all Bulgarian politicians....
         
         , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1887)
      3. Stefan Stambolov
         Stefan Stambolov
         Stefan Nikolov Stambolov was a Bulgarian politician, who served as Prime Minister and regent. He is considered one of the most important and popular "Founders of Modern Bulgaria", and is sometimes referred to as "the Bulgarian Bismarck".- Early years :Stambolov was born in Veliko Tarnovo...
         
         , Prime Minister of Bulgaria (1887–1894)
• Portugal
  Kingdom of Portugal
  The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...
  
   -
  • Monarch - Luis, King of Portugal (1861–1889)
  • Prime Minister - Luciano de Castro, Prime Minister of Portugal
    Prime Minister of Portugal
    Prime Minister is the current title of the chief of the Portuguese Government. As chief executive, the Prime Minister coordinates the action of ministers, representing the Government from the other organs of state, accountable to Parliament and keeps the President informed...
    
     (1886–1890)
• Romania
  • Monarch - Carol I
    Carol I of Romania
    Carol I , born Prince Karl of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen was reigning prince and then King of Romania from 1866 to 1914. He was elected prince of Romania on 20 April 1866 following the overthrow of Alexandru Ioan Cuza by a palace coup...
    
    , King of Romania
    King of Romania
    King of the Romanians , rather than King of Romania , was the official title of the ruler of the Kingdom of Romania from 1881 until 1947, when Romania was proclaimed a republic....
    
     (1881–1914)
  • Prime Minister - Ion Brătianu
    Ion Bratianu
    Ion C. Brătianu was one of the major political figures of 19th century Romania. He was the younger brother of Dimitrie, as well as the father of Ionel, Dinu, and Vintilă Brătianu...
    
    , Prime Minister of Romania
    Prime Minister of Romania
    The Prime Minister of Romania is the head of the Government of Romania. Initially, the office was styled President of the Council of Ministers , when the term "Government" included more than the Cabinet, and the Cabinet was called The Council of Ministers...
    
     (1881–1888)
• Russia
  Russian Empire
  The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
  
   - Alexander III
  Alexander III of Russia
  Alexander Alexandrovich Romanov , historically remembered as Alexander III or Alexander the Peacemaker reigned as Emperor of Russia from until his death on .-Disposition:...
  
  , Emperor of Russia (1881–1894)
• Serbia -
  • Monarch - Milan I, King of Serbia (1882–1889)
  • Prime Minister -
    1. Milutin Garasanin, Prime Minister of Serbia (1884–1887)
    2. Jovan Ristic
       Jovan Ristic
       Jovan Ristić, or Ristitch was a Serbian statesman and diplomat....
       
       , Prime Minister of Serbia (1887–1888)
• Spain -
  • Monarch - Alfonso XIII
    Alfonso XIII of Spain
    Alfonso XIII was King of Spain from 1886 until 1931. His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority...
    
    , King of Spain (1886–1931), under the regency of his mother Queen Maria Christina
    Maria Christina of Austria
    Maria Christina of Austria was Queen consort of Spain as the second wife of King Alfonso XII of Spain...
    
     (1885–1902)
  • Prime Minister - Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
    Práxedes Mateo Sagasta
    Práxedes Mariano Mateo Sagasta y Escolar was a Spanish politician who served as Prime Minister on eight occasions between 1870 and 1902—always in charge of the Liberal Party—as part of the turno pacifico, alternating with the Liberal-Conservative leader Antonio Cánovas...
    
    , Prime Minister of Spain
    Prime Minister of Spain
    The President of the Government of Spain , sometimes known in English as the Prime Minister of Spain, is the head of Government of Spain. The current office is established under the Constitution of 1978...
    
     (1885–1890)
• Sweden -
  • Monarch - Oscar II
    Oscar II of Sweden
    Oscar II , baptised Oscar Fredrik was King of Sweden from 1872 until his death and King of Norway from 1872 until 1905. The third son of King Oscar I of Sweden and Josephine of Leuchtenberg, he was a descendant of Gustav I of Sweden through his mother.-Early life:At his birth in Stockholm, Oscar...
    
    , King of Sweden (1872–1907)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Themptander
    Robert Themptander
    Robert Themptander was a politician, public official, Finance Minister, Prime Minister of Sweden from 1884 to 1888 during the reign of King Oscar II, and Governor of Stockholm District from 1888 to 1896.-Biography:...
    
    , Prime Minister of Sweden
    Prime Minister of Sweden
    The Prime Minister is the head of government in the Kingdom of Sweden. Before the creation of the office of a Prime Minister in 1876, Sweden did not have a head of government separate from its head of state, namely the King, in whom the executive authority was vested...
    
     (1884–1888)
• Switzerland - Numa Droz
  Numa Droz
  Numa Droz was a Swiss politician and member of the Swiss Federal Council .Born in La Chaux-de-Fonds, he was elected to cantonal government of Neuchâtel in 1871 and to the Swiss Council of States in 1872....
  
  , President of the Swiss Confederation (1887)
• United Kingdom
  United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
  The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it....
  
   -
  • Monarch - Victoria
    Victoria of the United Kingdom
    Victoria was the monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837 until her death. From 1 May 1876, she used the additional title of Empress of India....
    
    , Queen of the United Kingdom (1837–1901)
  • Prime Minister - Robert Arthur Talbot Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
    The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...
    
     (1886–1892)

North America and the Caribbean

• Canada -
  • Governor-General - The Marquess of Lansdowne
    Henry Petty-FitzMaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne
    Henry Charles Keith Petty-Fitzmaurice, 5th Marquess of Lansdowne, KG, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC was a British politician and Irish peer who served successively as the fifth Governor General of Canada, Viceroy of India, Secretary of State for War, and Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs...
    
    , Governor-General of Canada (1883–1888)
  • Prime Minister - Sir John A. Macdonald, Prime Minister of Canada
    Prime Minister of Canada
    The Prime Minister of Canada is the primary minister of the Crown, chairman of the Cabinet, and thus head of government for Canada, charged with advising the Canadian monarch or viceroy on the exercise of the executive powers vested in them by the constitution...
    
     (1878–1891)
• Costa Rica
  Costa Rica
  Costa Rica , officially the Republic of Costa Rica is a multilingual, multiethnic and multicultural country in Central America, bordered by Nicaragua to the north, Panama to the southeast, the Pacific Ocean to the west and the Caribbean Sea to the east....
  
   - Bernardo Soto Alfaro
  Bernardo Soto Alfaro
  Ramón Bernardo Soto Alfaro was President of Costa Rica from 1885 to 1889.He took office when his father-in-law, President Próspero Fernández, died in office in 1885, and in a gesture of national conciliation following the fiercely disputed election for his successor, decided to hold himself apart...
  
  , President of Costa Rica (1885–1890)
• Dominican Republic
  Dominican Republic
  The Dominican Republic is a nation on the island of La Hispaniola, part of the Greater Antilles archipelago in the Caribbean region. The western third of the island is occupied by the nation of Haiti, making Hispaniola one of two Caribbean islands that are shared by two countries...
  
   -
  1. Alejandro Woss, President of the Dominican Republic (1885–1887)
  2. Ulises Heureaux
     Ulises Heureaux
     Ulises Heureaux Lebert was president of the Dominican Republic from 1 September 1882 to 1 September 1883, from 6 January to 27 February 1887 and again from 30 April 1889 until his assassination, maintaining power between his terms.-Early life:Heureaux, affectionately known as Lilís, was born in...
     
     , President of the Dominican Republic (1887–1889)
• El Salvador
  El Salvador
  El Salvador or simply Salvador is the smallest and the most densely populated country in Central America. The country's capital city and largest city is San Salvador; Santa Ana and San Miguel are also important cultural and commercial centers in the country and in all of Central America...
  
   - Francisco Menéndez
  Francisco Menéndez
  Francisco Menéndez was Provisional President of El Salvador 22 June 1885 to 1 March 1887, thenPresident of El Salvador 1 March 1887 until his death 22 June 1890....
  
  , President of El Salvador
  President of El Salvador
  This page contains a list of Presidents of El Salvador.-Heads of State of El Salvador within the Federal Republic of Central America :*Pedro Barriere : 21 September 1821 - 28 November 1821*José Matías Delgado : 28 Nov 1821 - 9 February 1823...
  
   (1885–1890)
• Guatemala
  Guatemala
  Guatemala is a country in Central America bordered by Mexico to the north and west, the Pacific Ocean to the southwest, Belize to the northeast, the Caribbean to the east, and Honduras and El Salvador to the southeast...
  
   - Manuel Lisandro Barillas, President of Guatemala
  President of Guatemala
  The title of President of Guatemala has been the usual title of the leader of Guatemala since 1839, when that title was assumed by Mariano Rivera Paz...
  
   (1885–1892)
• Haiti
  Haiti
  Haiti , officially the Republic of Haiti , is a Caribbean country. It occupies the western, smaller portion of the island of Hispaniola, in the Greater Antillean archipelago, which it shares with the Dominican Republic. Ayiti was the indigenous Taíno or Amerindian name for the island...
  
   - Lysius Salomon
  Lysius Salomon
  Lysius Salomon was the President of Haiti from . Salomon is best remembered for instituting Haiti's first postal system, and his lively enthusiasm to modernize the country.....
  
  , President of Haiti
  President of Haiti
  The President of the Republic of Haiti is the head of state of Haiti. Executive power in Haiti is divided between the president and the government headed by the Prime Minister of Haiti...
  
   (1879–1888)
• Honduras
  Honduras
  Honduras is a republic in Central America. It was previously known as Spanish Honduras to differentiate it from British Honduras, which became the modern-day state of Belize...
  
   - Luis Bográn
  Luis Bográn
  Luis Bográn Barahona was a President of Honduras, who served two consecutive presidential terms from 30 November 1883 to 30 November 1891. He was born in the northern Honduran department of Santa Bárbara on 3 June 1849 to Saturnino Bográn Bonilla and Gertrudis Barahona Leiva. He was a member of a...
  
  , President of Honduras
  President of Honduras
  This page lists the Presidents of Honduras.Colonial Honduras declared its independence from Spain on 15 September 1821. From 5 January 1822 to 1 July 1823, Honduras was part of the First Mexican Empire of Agustín de Iturbide....
  
   (1883–1891)
• Mexico - Porfirio Díaz
  Porfirio Díaz
  José de la Cruz Porfirio Díaz Mori was a Mexican-American War volunteer and French intervention hero, an accomplished general and the President of Mexico continuously from 1876 to 1911, with the exception of a brief term in 1876 when he left Juan N...
  
  , President of México (1884–1911)
• Nicaragua
  Nicaragua
  Nicaragua is the largest country in the Central American American isthmus, bordered by Honduras to the north and Costa Rica to the south. The country is situated between 11 and 14 degrees north of the Equator in the Northern Hemisphere, which places it entirely within the tropics. The Pacific Ocean...
  
   -
  1. Adán Cárdenas
     Adán Cárdenas
     Adán Cárdenas del Castillo was a Nicaraguan politician and doctor. He also served as the President of Nicaragua between 1 March 1883 and 1 March 1887. He was a member of the Conservative Party of Nicaragua....
     
     , President of Nicaragua
     President of Nicaragua
     The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
     
      (1883–1887)
  2. Evaristo Carazo
     Evaristo Carazo
     Evaristo Carazo Aranda was the President of Nicaragua from 1 March 1887 until his death in 1 August 1889. He was a member of the Conservative Party of Nicaragua. He reached the ranks of Coronel in 1856 in the war against William Walker.He was a son of Lorenzo Carazo Alvarado and María del Rosario...
     
     , President of Nicaragua
     President of Nicaragua
     The position of President of Nicaragua was created in the Constitution of 1854. From 1825 until the Constitution of 1838 the title of the position was known as Head of State and from 1838 to 1854 as Supreme Director .-Heads of State of Nicaragua within the Federal Republic of Central America...
     
      (1887–1889)
• United States - Grover Cleveland
  Grover Cleveland
  Stephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents...
  
  , President of the United States
  President of the United States
  The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
  
   (1885–1889)

Oceania

• Hawaii
  Kingdom of Hawaii
  The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lānai, Kauai and Niihau by the chiefdom of Hawaii into one unified government...
  
   - Kalākaua
  Kalakaua
  Kalākaua, born David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and sometimes called The Merrie Monarch , was the last reigning king of the Kingdom of Hawaii...
  
  , King of Hawaii  (1874–1891)
• Niue
  Niue
  Niue , is an island country in the South Pacific Ocean. It is commonly known as the "Rock of Polynesia", and inhabitants of the island call it "the Rock" for short. Niue is northeast of New Zealand in a triangle between Tonga to the southwest, the Samoas to the northwest, and the Cook Islands to...
  
   -
  1. Tui-toga, King of Niue (1875–1887)
  2. Fata-a-iki, King of Niue (1887–1896)
• Samoa
  Samoa
  Samoa , officially the Independent State of Samoa, formerly known as Western Samoa is a country encompassing the western part of the Samoan Islands in the South Pacific Ocean. It became independent from New Zealand in 1962. The two main islands of Samoa are Upolu and one of the biggest islands in...
  
   - Malietoa Laupepa
  Malietoa Laupepa
  Susuga Malietoa Laupepa was the ruler of Samoa in the late 19th century.-Personal life: Laupepa was born in 1841 in Sapapali'i, Savaii, Samoa. His father was King Malietoa Moli and mother was Fa’alaituio Fuatino Su’a. He was raised in Malie, received a religious education at Malua Seminary and...
  
  , Malietoa
  Malietoa
  Malietoa is a state dynasty and chiefly title in Samoa. Literally translated as "great warrior," the title's origin comes from the final words of the Tongan warriors as they were fleeing on the beach to their boats, "Malie To`a, Malie tau"....
  
   (1880–1898)
• Tonga
  Tonga
  Tonga, officially the Kingdom of Tonga , is a state and an archipelago in the South Pacific Ocean, comprising 176 islands scattered over of ocean in the South Pacific...
  
   -
  • Monarch - George Tupou I
    George Tupou I of Tonga
    George Tupou I, King of Tonga , originally known as Tāufaāhau I with some extra names: Tupou Maeakafaua Ngininginiofolanga , but took the name Siaosi when baptised in 1831...
    
    , King of Tonga (1845–1893)
  • Prime Minister - Shirley Waldemar Baker
    Shirley Waldemar Baker
    Shirley Waldemar Baker was a missionary and premier of Tonga.-Early life:Baker was born in London, England of a Devonshire family. He studied medicine, went to Australia in 1852 as a stowaway. He worked as a farm hand, miner and apothecary's assistant on the goldfields in Victoria...
    
    , Prime Minister of Tonga
    Prime Minister of Tonga
    This is a list of Prime Ministers of Tonga from the establishment of that office in 1876 until the present day.-List of Premiers/Prime Ministers of Tonga :-External links:*...
    
    , (1880–1890)

South America

• Argentina
  Argentina
  Argentina , officially the Argentine Republic , is the second largest country in South America by land area, after Brazil. It is constituted as a federation of 23 provinces and an autonomous city, Buenos Aires...
  
   - Miguel Juárez Celman, President of Argentina
  President of Argentina
  The President of the Argentine Nation , usually known as the President of Argentina, is the head of state of Argentina. Under the national Constitution, the President is also the chief executive of the federal government and Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces.Through Argentine history, the...
  
   (1886–1890)
• Bolivia
  Bolivia
  Bolivia officially known as Plurinational State of Bolivia , is a landlocked country in central South America. It is the poorest country in South America...
  
   - Gregorio Pacheco
  Gregorio Pacheco
  Gregorio Pacheco Leyes was the constitutional President of Bolivia from 1884 to 1888. A native of Potosí, Pacheco won a disputed election that was a virtual three-way tie between him, Conservative leader Aniceto Arce, and Liberal chief Eliodoro Camacho. Pacheco was a wealthy man and the country's...
  
  , President of Bolivia
  President of Bolivia
  The President of Bolivia is head of state and head of government of Bolivia. According to the current Constitution, the president is elected by popular vote to a five year term, renewable once...
  
   (1884–1888)
• Brazil -
  • Monarch - Pedro II
    Pedro II of Brazil
    Dom Pedro II , nicknamed "the Magnanimous", was the second and last ruler of the Empire of Brazil, reigning for over 58 years. Born in Rio de Janeiro, he was the seventh child of Emperor Dom Pedro I of Brazil and Empress Dona Maria Leopoldina and thus a member of the Brazilian branch of...
    
    , Emperor of Brazil (1831–1889)
  • Prime Minister - Baron of Cotegipe, Chairman of the Council of Ministers
    Prime Minister of Brazil
    During two periods in the political history of Brazil was a parliamentary system of Government put in place, with a prime minister heading the Cabinet....
    
     (1885–1888)
• Chile
  Chile
  Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...
  
   - José Manuel Balmaceda
  José Manuel Balmaceda
  José Manuel Emiliano Balmaceda Fernández was the 11th President of Chile from September 18, 1886 to August 29, 1891. Balmaceda was part of the Castilian-Basque aristocracy in Chile...
  
  , President of Chile
  President of Chile
  The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...
  
   (1886–1891)
• Colombia
  Colombia
  Colombia, officially the Republic of Colombia , is a unitary constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. The country is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the east by Venezuela and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the...
  
   - Rafael Núñez
  Rafael Núñez (politician)
  Rafael Wenceslao Núñez Moledo was a Colombian author, lawyer, journalist and politician, who was elected President of Colombia in 1880 and in 1884. Rafael Núñez was born in Cartagena de Indias, on September 28, 1825. He died in Cartagena on September 18, 1894.-Early life:Little is known about the...
  
  , President of Colombia
  President of Colombia
  The President of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of "la Gran Colombia"...
  
   (1887–1892)
  • Eliseo Payán
    Eliseo Payán
    José Eliseo Payán Hurtado was a Colombian lawyer, politician, and military officer. Payán as Vice President of Colombia assumed the Presidency of Colombia due to the absence of President Rafael Núñez in 1887.- Biographic data :...
    
    , acting Acting President of Colombia
    President of Colombia
    The President of Colombia is the head of state and head of government of the Republic of Colombia. The office of president was established upon the ratification of the Constitution of 1819, by the Congress of Angostura, convened in December 1819, when Colombia was part of "la Gran Colombia"...
    
     (1887)
• Ecuador
  Ecuador
  Ecuador , officially the Republic of Ecuador is a representative democratic republic in South America, bordered by Colombia on the north, Peru on the east and south, and by the Pacific Ocean to the west. It is one of only two countries in South America, along with Chile, that do not have a border...
  
   - José María Plácido Caamaño, President of Ecuador (1883–1888)
• Paraguay
  Paraguay
  Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...
  
   - Patricio Escobar
  Patricio Escobar
  -His life:He was born in San José de los Arroyos on March 17, 1843. His parents were José Escobar and Ana Bella Cáceres. He was married first with Ignacia Garcete and later with Estalación E. The General Escobar was a hero in War of Paraguay against the Triple Alliance.He was a private in the base...
  
  , President of Paraguay
  President of Paraguay
  The President of Paraguay is according to the Paraguayan Constitution the Chief of the Executive branch of the Government of Paraguay...
  
   (1886–1890)
• Peru
  Peru
  Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....
  
   - Andrés Avelino Cáceres
  Andrés Avelino Cáceres
  Andrés Avelino Cáceres Dorregaray was three times President of Peru during the 19th century, from 1884 to 1885, then from 1886 to 1890, and again from 1894 to 1895...
  
  , President of Peru (1886–1890)
• Uruguay
  Uruguay
  Uruguay ,officially the Oriental Republic of Uruguay,sometimes the Eastern Republic of Uruguay; ) is a country in the southeastern part of South America. It is home to some 3.5 million people, of whom 1.8 million live in the capital Montevideo and its metropolitan area...
  
   - Máximo Tajes
  Máximo Tajes
  -Background:Tajes came from a military background. He was a member of the Colorado Party , which ruled the country almost uninterruptedly for a century....
  
  , President of Uruguay (1886–1890)
• Venezuela
  Venezuela
  Venezuela , officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela , is a tropical country on the northern coast of South America. It borders Colombia to the west, Guyana to the east, and Brazil to the south...
  
   - Antonio Guzmán Blanco
  Antonio Guzmán Blanco
  Antonio Leocadio Guzmán Blanco was President of Venezuela for three separate terms, from 1870–1877, from 1879–1884, and from 1886–1887....
  
  , President of Venezuela (1886–1888)