List of subjects in Gray's Anatomy: VI. The Arteries
Encyclopedia

  • anastomoses
  • collateral circulation
    Collateral circulation
    Collateral circulation is when an area of tissue or an organ has a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. This is often as a result of anastamoses - branches formed between adjacent blood vessels....

  • Pulmonary artery
    Pulmonary artery
    The pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs. They are the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood....

     (A. Pulmonalis)

  • right branch of the pulmonary artery (ramus dexter a. pulmonalis)
  • left branch of the pulmonary artery (ramus sinister a. pulmonalis)

  • Aorta
    Aorta
    The aorta is the largest artery in the body, originating from the left ventricle of the heart and extending down to the abdomen, where it branches off into two smaller arteries...

  • Ascending aorta
    Ascending aorta
    The ascending aorta is a portion of the aorta commencing at the upper part of the base of the left ventricle, on a level with the lower border of the third costal cartilage behind the left half of the sternum; it passes obliquely upward, forward, and to the right, in the direction of the heart’s...

     (Aorta Ascendens)
    • aortic sinuses
    • bulb of the aorta

  • Coronary arteries
    • Right coronary artery
      Right coronary artery
      The right coronary artery originates above the right cusp of the aortic valve. It travels down the right atrioventricular groove, towards the crux of the heart.At the origin of the RCA is the conus artery....

       (a. coronaria dextra)
      • posterior descending branch
      • marginal branch
    • Left coronary artery
      Left coronary artery
      The left coronary artery, abbreviated LCA and also known as the left main coronary artery , arises from the aorta above the left cusp of the aortic valve.-Branching:...

       (a. coronaria sinistra)
      • anterior descending branch
      • circumflex branch
  • Arch of the aorta (Arcus Aortae; Transverse aorta)
  • Relations
    • aortic isthmus
    • aortic spindle

  • Innominate atery (A. Anonyma; Brachiocephalic artery
    Brachiocephalic artery
    The brachiocephalic artery is an artery of the mediastinum that supplies blood to the right arm and the head and neck....

    )
    • thyreoidea ima (a. thyreoidea ima)
    • thymic branch or bronchial branch
  • Collateral circulation
    Collateral circulation
    Collateral circulation is when an area of tissue or an organ has a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. This is often as a result of anastamoses - branches formed between adjacent blood vessels....


  • superior thyroid artery
    Superior thyroid artery
    The superior thyroid artery arises from the external carotid artery just below the level of the greater cornu of the hyoid bone and ends in the thyroid gland.-Relations:...

     (a. thyreoidea superior)
    • Hyoid branch (ramus hyoideus; infrahyoid branch)
    • Sternocleidomastoid branch (ramus sternocleidomastoideus; sternomastoid branch)
    • Superior laryngeal artery
      Superior laryngeal artery
      The superior laryngeal artery accompanies the internal laryngeal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve, beneath the Thyreohyoideus.This artery branches from the superior thyroid artery near its bifurcation from the external carotid artery...

       (a. laryngea superior)
    • Cricothyroid branch (ramus cricothyreoideus)

  • lingual artery
    Lingual artery
    The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery. It can be located easily in the tongue.-Path:It first runs obliquely upward and medialward to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone....

     (a. lingualis)
    • Hyoid branch (ramus hyoideus; suprahyoid branch)
    • Arteriæ dorsales linguæ (rami dorsales linguæ)
    • Sublingual artery
      Sublingual artery
      The Sublingual Artery arises at the anterior margin of the Hyoglossus, and runs forward between the Genioglossus and Mylohyoideus to the sublingual gland....

       (a. sublingualis)
    • Arteria profunda linguæ (ranine artery; deep lingual artery)
  • external maxillary artery (a. maxillaris externa; facial artery
    Facial artery
    The facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the superficial face.-Structure:...

    )
    • angular artery
      Angular artery
      The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery; it ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit, imbedded in the fibers of the angular head of the Quadratus labii superioris, and accompanied by the angular vein....


  • external maxillary artery (a. maxillaris externa; facial artery
    Facial artery
    The facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the superficial face.-Structure:...

    )
    • Cervical Branches
      • Ascending palatine artery
        Ascending palatine artery
        The ascending palatine artery is an artery in the head that branches off the facial artery and runs up the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.-Structure:...

         (a. palatina ascendens)
      • Tonsillar branch
        Tonsillar branch of the facial artery
        The tonsillar branch of the facial artery ascends between the Pterygoideus internus and Styloglossus, and then along the side of the pharynx, perforating the Constrictor pharyngis superior, to ramify in the substance of the palatine tonsil and root of the tongue....

         (ramus tonsillaris)
      • Glandular branches (rami glandulares; submaxillary branches)
      • Submental artery
        Submental artery
        The submental artery is a branch of the facial artery that runs on the underside of the chin.-Course:The submental artery is the largest of the cervical branches of the facial artery, given off just as that vessel leaves the submandibular gland: it runs forward upon the mylohyoid, just below the...

         (a. submentalis)
      • Muscular branches
    • Facial Branches
      • Inferior labial artery
        Inferior labial artery
        The Iinferior labial artery arises near the angle of the mouth; it passes upward and forward beneath the Triangularis and, penetrating the Orbicularis oris, runs in a tortuous course along the edge of the lower lip between this muscle and the mucous membrane.It supplies the labial glands, the...

         (a. labialis inferior; inferior coronary artery)
      • Superior labial artery
        Superior labial artery
        The superior labial artery is larger and more egregious than the inferior labial artery.It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side.It supplies the upper lip, and gives...

         (a. labialis superior; superior coronary artery)

  • external maxillary artery (a. maxillaris externa; facial artery
    Facial artery
    The facial artery is a branch of the external carotid artery that supplies structures of the superficial face.-Structure:...

    )
    • Facial Branches
      • Superior labial artery
        Superior labial artery
        The superior labial artery is larger and more egregious than the inferior labial artery.It follows a similar course along the edge of the upper lip, lying between the mucous membrane and the Orbicularis oris, and anastomoses with the artery of the opposite side.It supplies the upper lip, and gives...

         (a. labialis superior; superior coronary artery)
        • septal branch
        • alar branch
      • Lateral nasal branch
      • Angular artery
        Angular artery
        The angular artery is the terminal part of the facial artery; it ascends to the medial angle of the eye's orbit, imbedded in the fibers of the angular head of the Quadratus labii superioris, and accompanied by the angular vein....

         (a. angularis)
      • Muscular branches

  • occipital artery
    Occipital artery
    The occipital artery arises from the external carotid artery opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles...

     (a. occipitalis)
    • Muscular branches (rami musculares)
    • Sternocleidomastoid artery
      Sternocleidomastoid branches of occipital artery
      The sternocleidomastoid branches of occipital artery generally arises from the occipital close to its commencement, but sometimes springs directly from the external carotid....

       (a. sternocleidomastoidea; sternomastoid artery)
    • Auricular branch (ramus auricularis)

  • occipital artery
    Occipital artery
    The occipital artery arises from the external carotid artery opposite the facial artery, its path is below the posterior belly of digastric to the occipital region. This artery supplies blood to the back of the scalp and sterno-mastoid muscles...

     (a. occipitalis)
    • Auricular branch (ramus auricularis)
      • mastoid branch
    • Meningeal branch
      Meningeal branch of occipital artery
      The meningeal branch of occipital artery ascends with the internal jugular vein, and enters the skull through the jugular foramen and condyloid canal, to supply the dura mater in the posterior fossa....

       (ramus meningeus; dural branch)
    • Descending branch (ramus descendens; arteria princeps cervicis)
  • posterior auricular artery
    Posterior auricular artery
    The posterior auricular artery is a small artery and arises from the external carotid artery, above the Digastric muscle and Stylohyoid muscle, opposite the apex of the styloid process....

     (a. auricularis posterior)
    • Stylomastoid artery
      Stylomastoid artery
      The stylomastoid artery enters the stylomastoid foramen and supplies the tympanic cavity, the tympanic antrum and mastoid cells, and the semicircular canals...

       (a. stylomastoidea)
    • Auricular branch (ramus auricularis)
    • Occipital branch (ramus occipitalis)

  • ascending pharyngeal artery
    Ascending pharyngeal artery
    The ascending pharyngeal artery, the smallest branch of the external carotid, is a long, slender vessel, deeply seated in the neck, beneath the other branches of the external carotid and under the Stylopharyngeus...

     (a. pharyngea ascendens)
    • Pharyngeal branches
      Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery
      The pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery are small branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery.They are three or four in number. Two of these descend to supply the Constrictores pharyngis medius and inferior and the Stylopharyngeus, ramifying in their substance and in the mucous...

       (rami pharyngei)
    • Palatine branch
    • Prevertebral branches
    • Inferior tympanic artery
      Inferior tympanic artery
      The inferior tympanic artery is a small branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery.It is a small branch which passes through a minute foramen in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, in company with the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve, to supply the medial wall of the tympanic...

       (a. tympanica inferior)
    • Meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery
      Meningeal branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery
      The posterior meningeal arteries are small vessels which are branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery which supply the dura mater.It passes through the mastoid foramen before entering the cranium via the jugular foramen....

      • posterior meningeal artery

  • superficial temporal artery
    Superficial temporal artery
    In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery....

     (a. temporalis superficialis)
    • Transverse facial artery
      Transverse facial artery
      The transverse facial artery is an artery that branches from the superficial temporal artery and runs across the face.-Course:The transverse facial artery is given off from the superficial temporal artery before that vessel leaves the parotid gland; running forward through the substance of the...

       (a. transversa faciei)
    • Middle temporal artery
      Middle temporal artery
      The middle temporal artery arises immediately above the zygomatic arch, and, perforating the temporal fascia, gives branches to the Temporalis, anastomosing with the deep temporal branches of the internal maxillary....

       (a. temporalis media)
      • zygomaticoörbital branch

  • superficial temporal artery
    Superficial temporal artery
    In human anatomy, the superficial temporal artery is a major artery of the head. It arises from the external carotid artery when it bifurcates into the superficial temporal artery and maxillary artery....

     (a. temporalis superficialis)
    • Anterior auricular branches (rami auriculares anteriores)
    • Frontal branch (ramus frontalis; anterior temporal)
    • Parietal branch
      Parietal branch of superficial temporal artery
      The parietal branch of superficial temporal artery , larger than the frontal, curves upward and backward on the side of the head, lying superficial to the temporal fascia, and anastomosing with its fellow of the opposite side, and with the posterior auricular and occipital arteries....

       (ramus parietalis; posterior temporal)
  • internal maxillary artery
    Internal maxillary artery
    The maxillary artery is an artery that supplies deep structures of the face. It branches from the external carotid artery just deep to the neck of the mandible.-Structure:...

     (a. maxillaris interna)
    • first or mandibular portion
    • second or pterygoid portion
    • third or pterygopalatine portion

  • Anterior tympanic artery
    Anterior tympanic artery
    The anterior tympanic artery usually arises as a branch of the mandibular part of the maxillary artery. It passes upward behind the temporomandibular articulation, enters the tympanic cavity through the petrotympanic fissure, and ramifies upon the tympanic membrane, forming a vascular circle...

     (a. tympanica anterior; tympanic artery)
  • Deep auricular artery
    Deep auricular artery
    The deep auricular artery often arises in common with the anterior tympanic artery.It ascends in the substance of the parotid gland, behind the temporomandibular articulation, pierces the cartilaginous or bony wall of the external acoustic meatus, and supplies its cuticular lining and the outer...

     (a. auricularis profunda)
  • Middle meningeal artery
    Middle meningeal artery
    The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part of the maxillary artery, one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery...

     (a. meningea media; medidural artery)

  • Middle meningeal artery
    Middle meningeal artery
    The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part of the maxillary artery, one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery...

     (a. meningea media; medidural artery)
    • superficial petrosal
    • superior tympanic artery
      Superior tympanic artery
      The superior tympanic artery, a branch of the middle meningeal on entering the cranium, runs in the canal for the Tensor tympani, and supplies this muscle and the lining membrane of the canal....

    • Orbital branches
    • Temporal branches
      Middle meningeal artery
      The middle meningeal artery is typically the third branch of the first part of the maxillary artery, one of the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery...

  • Accessory meningeal branch (ramus meningeus accessorius; small meningeal or parvidural branch)
  • Inferior alveolar artery
    Inferior alveolar artery
    - Course :It descends with the inferior alveolar nerve to the mandibular foramen on the medial surface of the ramus of the mandible.It runs along the mandibular canal in the substance of the bone, accompanied by the nerve, and opposite the first premolar tooth divides into two branches, incisor and...

     (a. alveolaris inferior; inferior dental artery)
    • incisor branch
    • mental branch
    • lingual branch
      Lingual artery
      The lingual artery arises from the external carotid between the superior thyroid and facial artery. It can be located easily in the tongue.-Path:It first runs obliquely upward and medialward to the greater cornu of the hyoid bone....

    • mylohyoid branch

  • Deep temporal branches
  • Pterygoid branches (rami pterygoidei)
  • Masseteric artery
    Masseteric artery
    The masseteric artery is small and passes laterally through the mandibular notch to the deep surface of the masseter muscle, which it supplies.It anastomoses with the masseteric branches of the external maxillary artery and with the transverse facial artery....

     (a. masseterica)
  • Buccinator artery
    Buccinator artery
    The buccal artery is small and runs obliquely forward, between the Pterygoideus internus and the insertion of the Temporalis, to the outer surface of the Buccinator, to which it is distributed, anastomosing with branches of the facial artery and with the infraorbital....

     (a. buccinatoria; buccal artery)

  • Posterior superior alveolar artery
    Posterior superior alveolar artery
    The posterior superior alveolar artery is given off from the maxillary, frequently in conjunction with the infraorbital artery just as the trunk of the vessel is passing into the pterygopalatine fossa.-Branches:...

     (a. alveolaris superior posterior; alveolar or posterior dental artery)
  • Infraorbital artery
    Infraorbital artery
    The infraorbital artery is an artery in the head that runs in the maxilla, emerging through the infraorbital foramen, just under the orbit of the eye.-Course:...

     (a. infraorbitalis)
    • orbital branches
    • anterior superior alveolar branches
  • Descending palatine artery
    Descending palatine artery
    -Course:It descends through the pterygopalatine canal with the anterior palatine branch of the sphenopalatine ganglion, and, emerging from the greater palatine foramen, runs forward in a groove on the medial side of the alveolar border of the hard palate to the incisive canal; the terminal branch...

     (a. palatina descendens)
  • Artery of the pterygoid canal
    Artery of the pterygoid canal
    The artery of the pterygoid canal is an artery that can arise from the internal carotid or external carotid , or serve as an anastomosis between these arteries.It more commonly arises from the ECA....

     (a. canalis pterygoidei; Vidian artery)
  • Pharyngeal branch
    Pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery
    The pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery are small branches of the ascending pharyngeal artery.They are three or four in number. Two of these descend to supply the Constrictores pharyngis medius and inferior and the Stylopharyngeus, ramifying in their substance and in the mucous...

  • Sphenopalatine artery
    Sphenopalatine artery
    The sphenopalatine artery is an artery of the head, commonly known as the artery of epistaxis.-Course:The sphenopalatine artery is a branch of the maxillary artery which passes through the sphenopalatine foramen into the cavity of the nose, at the back part of the superior meatus...

     (a. sphenopalatina; nasopalatine artery)
    • posterior lateral nasal branches
    • posterior septal branches

  • anterior triangle
    • Inferior carotid triangle
      Inferior carotid triangle
      The inferior carotid triangle , is bounded, in front, by the median line of the neck from the hyoid bone to the sternum; behind, by the anterior margin of the Sternocleidomastoideus; above, by the superior belly of the Omohyoideus....

      , or Muscular triangle

  • anterior triangle
    • Superior carotid triangle
      Superior carotid triangle
      The carotid triangle is a portion of the anterior triangle of the neck.-Coverings and boundaries:It is bounded:* posteriorly by the Sternocleidomastoideus;* inferiorly, by the superior belly of the Omohyoideus...

      , or Carotid triangle
    • Submaxillary triangle
      Submaxillary triangle
      The submandibular triangle corresponds to the region of the neck immediately beneath the body of the mandible.-Boundaries and coverings:It is bounded:...

       or Digastric triangle

  • anterior triangle
    • Suprahyoid triangle
      Suprahyoid triangle
      The submental triangle is a division of the anterior triangle of the neck.-Boundaries:It is limited:* behind by the anterior belly of the Digastricus,...

  • Posterior triangle
    • Occipital triangle
      Occipital triangle
      The occipital triangle, the larger division of the posterior triangle, is bounded, in front, by the Sternocleidomastoideus; behind, by the Trapezius; below, by the Omohyoideus....

    • Subclavian triangle
      Subclavian triangle
      The subclavian triangle , the smaller division of the posterior triangle, is bounded, above, by the inferior belly of the Omohyoideus; below, by the clavicle; its base is formed by the posterior border of the Sternocleidomastoideus.Its floor is formed by the first rib with the first digitation of...


  • Cervical portion
    Cervical portion
    The Cervical portion of the internal carotid begins at the bifurcation of the common carotid, opposite the upper border of the thyroid cartilage, and runs perpendicularly upward, in front of the transverse processes of the upper three cervical vertebræ, to the carotid canal in the petrous portion...

  • Petrous portion
    Petrous portion of the internal carotid artery
    Petrous portion of the internal carotid artery .—When the internal carotid artery enters the canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, it first ascends a short distance, then curves forward and medially, and again ascends as it leaves the canal to enter the cavity of the skull between the...

  • Cavernous portion
  • Cerebral portion

  • Petrous portion
    Petrous portion of the internal carotid artery
    Petrous portion of the internal carotid artery .—When the internal carotid artery enters the canal in the petrous portion of the temporal bone, it first ascends a short distance, then curves forward and medially, and again ascends as it leaves the canal to enter the cavity of the skull between the...

    • caroticotympanic branch (ramus caroticotympanicus; tympanic branch)
    • artery of the pterygoid canal
      Artery of the pterygoid canal
      The artery of the pterygoid canal is an artery that can arise from the internal carotid or external carotid , or serve as an anastomosis between these arteries.It more commonly arises from the ECA....

       (a. canilis pterygoidei; Vidian artery)
  • Cavernous portion
    • cavernous branches
    • hypophyseal branches
    • semilunar branches
    • anterior meningeal branch (a. meningea anterior)
    • ophthalmic artery
      Ophthalmic artery
      The ophthalmic artery is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus. Branches of the OA supply all the structures in the orbit as well as some structures in the nose, face and meninges...

       (a. ophthalmica)

  • Cavernous portion
    • ophthalmic artery
      Ophthalmic artery
      The ophthalmic artery is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus. Branches of the OA supply all the structures in the orbit as well as some structures in the nose, face and meninges...

       (a. ophthalmica)
      • orbital group
        • Lacrimal artery
          Lacrimal artery
          The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit....

           (a. lacrimalis)
          • lateral palpebral arteries
          • zygomatic branches
            Lacrimal artery
            The lacrimal artery arises close to the optic foramen, and is one of the largest branches derived from the ophthalmic artery: not infrequently it is given off before the artery enters the orbit....

          • recurrent branch
        • Supraorbital artery (a. supraorbitalis)

  • Cavernous portion
    • ophthalmic artery
      Ophthalmic artery
      The ophthalmic artery is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus. Branches of the OA supply all the structures in the orbit as well as some structures in the nose, face and meninges...

       (a. ophthalmica)
      • orbital group
        • Ethmoidal arteries
          • posterior ethmoidal artery
            Posterior ethmoidal artery
            The posterior ethmoidal artery is an artery of the head which supplies the nasal septum. It is smaller than the anterior ethmoidal artery.-Course:...

          • anterior ethmoidal artery
            Anterior ethmoidal artery
            The anterior ethmoidal artery, also anterior ethmoid artery is an artery of the head.-Course:Once branching from the ophthalmic artery, it accompanies the nasociliary nerve through the anterior ethmoidal canal to supply the anterior and middle ethmoidal cells, frontal sinus, and anterosuperior...

        • Medial palpebral arteries
          Medial palpebral arteries
          The medial palpebral arteries are arteries of the head. They are two in number, superior and inferior, arise from the ophthalmic, opposite the pulley of the Obliquus superior.-Course:...

           (aa. palpebrales mediales; internal palpebral arteries)
          • superior palpebral anastomoses
          • inferior palpebral anastomoses
        • Frontal artery (a. frontalis)

  • Cavernous portion
    • ophthalmic artery
      Ophthalmic artery
      The ophthalmic artery is the first branch of the internal carotid artery distal to the cavernous sinus. Branches of the OA supply all the structures in the orbit as well as some structures in the nose, face and meninges...

       (a. ophthalmica)
      • orbital group
        • Dorsal nasal artery
          Dorsal nasal artery
          The dorsal nasal artery is an artery of the head. It is one of the two terminal branches of the ophthalmic artery.-Course:...

           (a. dorsalis nasi; nasal artery)
      • ocular group
        • Central artery of the retina (a. centralis retinœ)
        • Ciliary arteries
          Ciliary arteries
          The ciliary arteries are divisible into three groups, the long posterior, short posterior, and the anterior.* The short posterior ciliary arteries from six to twelve in number, arise from the ophthalmic as it crosses the optic nerve....

           (aa. ciliares)
          • short posterior ciliary arteries
            Short posterior ciliary arteries
            The short posterior ciliary arteries from six to twelve in number, arise from the ophthalmic as it crosses the optic nerve.-Course and target:...

          • long posterior ciliary arteries
            Long posterior ciliary arteries
            The long posterior ciliary arteries are arteries of the head arising, together with the other ciliary arteries, from the ophtalmic artery. There are two in each eye.-Course:...

            • circulus arteriosus major
              Circulus arteriosus major
              circulus arteriosus major : also named "major circulus arteriosus of iris" CIA or CIAMit is formed by anastomosis of the anterior ciliary arteries with the posterior long ciliary arteries at the ciliary body. It supplies the iris, ciliary body and choroid.The veinous drainage of CIA is : 4 vortex...

            • circulus arteriosus minor
          • anterior ciliary arteries
            Anterior ciliary arteries
            The 7 anterior ciliary arteries are derived from the muscular branches of the Ophthalmic Artery.-Course:They run to the front of the eyeball in company with the extraocular muscles, form a vascular zone beneath the conjunctiva, and then pierce the sclera a short distance from the cornea and end in...

        • Muscular branches (rami musculares)
    • anterior cerebral artery (a. cerebri anterior)
      • anterior communicating artery
        Anterior communicating artery
        In human anatomy, the anterior communicating artery is a blood vessel of the brain that connects the left and right anterior cerebral arteries....

      • Antero-medial ganglionic branches

  • Cerebral portion

  • Cerebral portion
    • middle cerebral artery
      Middle cerebral artery
      -External links:*...

       (a. cerebri media)
      • Antero-lateral ganglionic branches
        • internal striate
        • external striate
        • artery of cerebral hemorrhage
      • inferior lateral frontal
      • ascending frontal
      • ascending parietal
      • parietotemporal
      • temporal branches
    • posterior communicating artery
      Posterior communicating artery
      In human anatomy, the posterior communicating artery is one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it connects to the internal carotid artery prior the terminal bifurcation of the ICA...

       (a. communicans posterior)

  • Cerebral portion
    • posterior communicating artery
      Posterior communicating artery
      In human anatomy, the posterior communicating artery is one of a pair of right-sided and left-sided blood vessels in the circle of Willis. It connects the three cerebral arteries of the same side. Anteriorly, it connects to the internal carotid artery prior the terminal bifurcation of the ICA...

       (a. communicans posterior)
      • postero-medial ganglionic branches
    • anterior choroidal artery
      Anterior choroidal artery
      The anterior choroidal artery originates from the internal carotid artery, though it also rarely arises from the middle cerebral artery.-Structures supplied:The anterior choroidal artery serves many structures in the cerebrum:...

       (a. chorioidea; choroid artery)

  • Ganglionic system
    • antero-medial group
    • postero-medial group
    • antero-lateral groups
    • postero-lateral groups
    • terminal arteries
  • Cortical arterial system (cortical system)
    • long arteries, or medullary arteries
    • short vessels

  • First Part of the Left subclavian artery
  • Second and Third Parts of the Subclavian artery
    Subclavian artery
    In human anatomy, the subclavian arteries are two major arteries of the upper thorax , below the clavicle . They receive blood from the top of the aorta...


  • branches of the vertebral artery
    Vertebral artery
    The vertebral arteries are major arteries of the neck. They branch from the subclavian arteries and merge to form the single midline basilar artery in a complex called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of the circle of Willis and thus significant portions of the...

  • Cervical Branches.
    • Spinal branches (rami spinales)
    • Muscular branches
  • Cranial Branches
    • Meningeal branch
      Meningeal branches of vertebral artery
      The meningeal branches of vertebral artery springs from the vertebral opposite the foramen magnum, ramifies between the bone and dura mater in the cerebellar fossa, and supplies the falx cerebelli....

       (ramus meningeus; posterior meningeal branch)
    • Posterior spinal artery
      Posterior spinal artery
      The posterior spinal artery arises from the vertebral artery, adjacent to the medulla oblongata.-Path:It passes posteriorly to descend the medulla passing in front of the posterior roots of the spinal nerves...

       (a. spinalis posterior; dorsal spinal artery)
    • Anterior spinal artery
      Anterior spinal artery
      In human anatomy, the anterior spinal artery is the blood vessel that supplies the anterior portion of the spinal cord. It arises from branches of the vertebral arteries and is supplied by the anterior segmental medullary arteries, including the artery of Adamkiewicz, and courses along the anterior...

       (a. spinalis anterior; ventral spinal artery)

  • Cranial Branches
    • Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
      Posterior inferior cerebellar artery
      The posterior inferior cerebellar artery , the largest branch of the vertebral artery, is one of the three main arterial blood supplies for the cerebellum, part of the brain...

       (a. cerebelli inferior posterior)
    • Medullary arteries (bulbar arteries)
  • Basilar artery
    Basilar artery
    In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood.The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with...

     (a. basilaris)
    • branches of basilar artery
      Basilar artery
      In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood.The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with...

    • pontine branches (rami ad pontem; transverse branches)
    • internal auditory artery
      Internal auditory artery
      The labyrinthine artery , a long slender branch of the basilar or anterior inferior cerebellar arteryThe labyrinthine artery (auditory artery, internal auditory artery), a long slender branch of the basilar (85%-100% cases) or anterior inferior cerebellar arteryThe labyrinthine artery (auditory...

       (a. auditiva interna; auditory artery)
    • anterior inferior cerebellar artery
      Anterior inferior cerebellar artery
      The anterior inferior cerebellar artery arises from the basilar artery at the level of the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons in the brainstem. It passes backward to be distributed to the anterior part of the undersurface of the cerebellum, anastomosing with the posterior inferior...

       (a. cerebelli inferior anterior)
    • superior cerebellar artery
      Superior cerebellar artery
      The superior cerebellar artery arises near the termination of the basilar artery.It passes lateralward, immediately below the oculomotor nerve, which separates it from the posterior cerebral artery, winds around the cerebral peduncle, close to the trochlear nerve, and, arriving at the upper...

       (a. cerebelli superior)
    • posterior cerebral artery
      Posterior cerebral artery
      -External links: - Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke* at strokecenter.org* at State University of New York Upstate Medical University* at psyweb.com* at neuropat.dote.hu...

       (a. cerebri posterior)
      • branches of the posterior cerebral artery
        Posterior cerebral artery
        -External links: - Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke* at strokecenter.org* at State University of New York Upstate Medical University* at psyweb.com* at neuropat.dote.hu...


  • Basilar artery
    Basilar artery
    In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood.The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with...

     (a. basilaris)
    • branches of basilar artery
      Basilar artery
      In human anatomy, the basilar artery is one of the arteries that supplies the brain with oxygen-rich blood.The two vertebral arteries and the basilar artery are sometimes together called the vertebrobasilar system, which supplies blood to the posterior part of circle of Willis and anastomoses with...

      • branches of the posterior cerebral artery
        Posterior cerebral artery
        -External links: - Posterior Cerebral Artery Stroke* at strokecenter.org* at State University of New York Upstate Medical University* at psyweb.com* at neuropat.dote.hu...

        • Ganglionic
          • postero-medial ganglionic branches
          • posterior choroidal branches
          • postero-lateral ganglionic branches
        • Cortical
          • anterior temporal
            Temple (anatomy)
            Temple indicates the side of the head behind the eyes. The bone beneath is the temporal bone as well as part of the sphenoid bone.-Anatomy:Cladists classify land vertebrates based on the presence of an upper hole, a lower hole, both, or neither in the cover of dermal bone which formerly covered the...

          • posterior temporal
          • calcarine
          • parietoöccipital

  • Inferior thyroid artery
    Inferior thyroid artery
    The inferior thyroid artery arrises from the thyrocervical trunk and passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and Longus colli, then turns medially behind the carotid sheath and its contents, and also behind the sympathetic trunk, the middle cervical ganglion resting upon the...

     (a. thyreoidea inferior)
    • branches of the inferior thyroid artery
      Inferior thyroid artery
      The inferior thyroid artery arrises from the thyrocervical trunk and passes upward, in front of the vertebral artery and Longus colli, then turns medially behind the carotid sheath and its contents, and also behind the sympathetic trunk, the middle cervical ganglion resting upon the...

    • inferior laryngeal artery
      Inferior laryngeal artery
      The inferior laryngeal artery ascends upon the trachea to the back part of the larynx under cover of the Constrictor pharyngis inferior, in company with the recurrent nerve, and supplies the muscles and mucous membrane of this part, anastomosing with the branch from the opposite side, and with the...

       (a. laryngea inferior)
    • tracheal branches (rami tracheales)
    • esophageal branches (rami æsophagei)
    • ascending cervical artery
      Ascending cervical artery
      The ascending cervical artery is a small branch which arises from the inferior thyroid artery as that vessel is passing behind the carotid sheath; it runs up on the anterior tubercles of the transverse processes of the cervical vertebræ in the interval between the Scalenus anterior and Longus...

       (a. cervicalis ascendens)
    • muscular branches

  • Transverse scapular artery (a. transversa scapulæ, suprascapular artery
    Suprascapular artery
    The suprascapular artery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk.-Course:At first, it passes downward and laterally across the scalenus anterior and phrenic nerve, being covered by the sternocleidomastoid muscle; it then crosses the subclavian artery and the brachial plexus, running behind and...

    )
    • suprasternal branch
    • acromial branch
  • Transverse cervical artery
    Transverse cervical artery
    The transverse cervical artery is a branch of the thyrocervical trunk, running at a higher level than the suprascapular artery.-Path:...

     (a. transversa colli; transversalis colli artery)
    • ascending branch (ramus ascendens; superficial cervical artery)
    • descending branch (ramus descendens; posterior scapular artery)

  • musculophrenic artery
    Musculophrenic artery
    The musculophrenic artery arises from the internal thoracic artery, directed obliquely downward and laterally, behind the cartilages of the false ribs; it perforates the diaphragm at the eighth or ninth costal cartilage, and ends, considerably reduced in size, opposite the last intercostal space.It...

     and superior epigastric artery
    Superior epigastric artery
    In human anatomy, superior epigastric artery refers to a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood and arises from the internal thoracic artery...

  • branches of the internal mammary artery
    • Pericardiacophrenic artery
      Pericardiacophrenic artery
      The pericardiacophrenic artery is a long slender branch of the internal thoracic artery. It accompanies the phrenic nerve, between the pleura and pericardium, to the diaphragm, to which it is distributed. It anastomoses with the musculophrenic and inferior phrenic arteries.-External links: -...

       (a. pericardiacophrenica; a. comes nervi phrenici)
    • Anterior mediastinal arteries (aa. mediastinales anteriores; mediastinal arteries)
    • Pericardial branches
    • Sternal branches (rami sternales)
      • subpleural mediastinal plexus
    • Intercostal branches (rami intercostales; anterior intercostal arteries)
    • Perforating branches (rami perforantes)
    • Musculophrenic artery
      Musculophrenic artery
      The musculophrenic artery arises from the internal thoracic artery, directed obliquely downward and laterally, behind the cartilages of the false ribs; it perforates the diaphragm at the eighth or ninth costal cartilage, and ends, considerably reduced in size, opposite the last intercostal space.It...

       (a. musculophrenica)

  • branches of the internal mammary artery
    • Superior epigastric artery
      Superior epigastric artery
      In human anatomy, superior epigastric artery refers to a blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood and arises from the internal thoracic artery...

       (a. epigastrica superior)

  • highest intercostal artery
    Highest intercostal artery
    The highest intercostal artery is an artery in the human body that usually gives rise to the first and second posterior intercostal arteries, which supply blood to their corresponding intercostal space...

  • Profunda cervicalis (a. cervicalis profunda; deep cervical branch)

  • Collateral circulation
    Collateral circulation
    Collateral circulation is when an area of tissue or an organ has a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. This is often as a result of anastamoses - branches formed between adjacent blood vessels....

     after Ligature
    Ligature (medicine)
    In surgery or medical procedure, a ligature consists of a piece of thread tied around an anatomical structure, usually a blood vessel or another hollow structure to shut it off. With a blood vessel the surgeon will clamp the vessel perpendicular to the axis of the artery or vein with a hemostat,...

     of the Axillary artery
    Axillary artery
    In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla and the upper limb...

     (Scapular anastomosis
    Scapular anastomosis
    The scapular anastomosis is a system connecting each subclavian artery and the corresponding axillary artery, forming an anastomosis around the scapula. It allows blood to flow past the joint regardless of the position of the arm...

    )
  • branches of the axillary artery
    Axillary artery
    In human anatomy, the axillary artery is a large blood vessel that conveys oxygenated blood to the lateral aspect of the thorax, the axilla and the upper limb...

  • first part
    • highest thoracic artery (a. thoracalis suprema; superior thoracic artery
      Superior thoracic artery
      The superior thoracic artery is a small vessel normally arising from the first division of the axillary artery, but may arise from the thoracoacromial artery, itself a branch of the second division of the axillary artery....

      )

  • second part
    • thoracoacromial artery
      Thoracoacromial artery
      The thoracoacromial artery is a short trunk, which arises from the forepart of the axillary artery, its origin being generally overlapped by the upper edge of the Pectoralis minor.-Branches:...

       (a. thoracoacromialis; acromiothoracic artery; thoracic axis)
    • lateral thoracic artery
      Lateral thoracic artery
      In human anatomy, the lateral thoracic artery is a blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the lateral structures of the thorax and breast....

       (a. thoracalis lateralis; long thoracic artery; external mammary artery)
      • external mammary branch
  • third part
    • subscapular artery
      Subscapular artery
      The subscapular artery, the largest branch of the axillary artery, arises at the lower border of the Subscapularis muscle, which it follows to the inferior angle of the scapula, where it anastomoses with the lateral thoracic and intercostal arteries and with the descending branch of the transverse...

       (a. subscapularis)
      • scapular circumflex artery
    • Scapular circumflex artery (a. circumflexa scapulæ; dorsalis scapulæ artery)

  • third part
    • posterior humeral circumflex artery
      Posterior humeral circumflex artery
      The posterior humeral circumflex artery arises from the axillary artery at the lower border of the subscapularis, and runs posteriorally with the axillary nerve through the quadrangular space.It winds around the neck of the humerus and is distributed to the Deltoid muscle and shoulder-joint,...

       (a. circumflexa humeri posterior; posterior circumflex artery)
    • anterior humeral circumflex artery
      Anterior humeral circumflex artery
      The anterior humeral circumflex artery , considerably smaller than the posterior, arises nearly opposite it, from the lateral side of the axillary artery....

       (a. circumflexa humeri anterior; anterior circumflex artery)

  • arteria profunda brachii
    Profunda brachii
    The arteria profunda brachii is a large vessel which arises from the lateral and posterior part of the brachial artery, just below the lower border of the Teres major.-Course:...

     (superior profunda artery)
    • nutrient artery
      Nutrient artery
      The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals. Nutrient Arteries are the most apparent blood vessels of the bones....

    • middle collateral branch
    • radial collateral branch
  • nutrient artery
    Nutrient artery
    The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals. Nutrient Arteries are the most apparent blood vessels of the bones....

     (a. nutricia humeri)
  • superior ulnar collateral artery
    Superior ulnar collateral artery
    The superior ulnar collateral artery , of small size, arises from the brachial a little below the middle of the arm; it frequently springs from the upper part of the a...

     (a. collateralis ulnaris superior; inferior profunda artery)

  • inferior ulnar collateral artery
    Inferior ulnar collateral artery
    The inferior ulnar collateral artery arises about 5 cm. above the elbow.-Course:It passes medialward upon the Brachialis, and piercing the medial intermuscular septum, winds around the back of the humerus between the Triceps brachii and the bone, forming, by its junction with the profunda brachii,...

     (a. collateralis ulnaris inferior; anastomotica magna artery)
  • muscular branches (rami musculares)

  • deep volar arch
  • branches of the radial artery
    Radial artery
    In human anatomy, the radial artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the lateral aspect of the forearm.-Course:The radial artery arises from the bifurcation of the brachial artery in the cubital fossa. It runs distally on the anterior part of the forearm...

  • In the Forearm
    Forearm
    -See also:*Forearm flexors*Forearm muscles...

    • radial recurrent artery
      Radial recurrent artery
      The radial recurrent artery arises from the radial artery immediately below the elbow.It ascends between the branches of the radial nerve, lying on the Supinator and then between the Brachioradialis and Brachialis, supplying these muscles and the elbow-joint, and anastomosing with the terminal part...

       (a. recurrens radialis)
    • muscular branches (rami musculares)
    • volar carpal branch (ramus carpeus volaris; anterior radial carpal artery)
      • volar carpal net-work
    • superficial volar branch (ramus volaris superficialis; superficialis volœ artery)
      • superficial volar arch
  • At the Wrist
    Wrist
    In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as 1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand;...

    • dorsal carpal branch (ramus carpeus dorsalis; posterior radial carpal artery)
      • dorsal carpal network
      • dorsal metacarpal arteries
        Dorsal metacarpal arteries
        Most of the dorsal metacarpal arteries arise from the dorsal carpal arch and run downward on the second, third, and fourth dorsal interossei of the hand and bifurcate into the dorsal digital arteries. Near their origin, they anastomose with the deep palmar arch by perforating arteries...

      • superior perforating arteries
      • inferior perforating arteries

  • At the Wrist
    Wrist
    In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as 1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand;...

    • first dorsal metacarpal
  • In the Hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...

    • arteria princeps pollicis
    • arteria volaris indicis radialis (radialis indicis artery)
      • first volar metacarpal artery
      • deep volar arch (arcus volaris profundus; deep palmar arch
        Deep palmar arch
        The deep palmar arch is an arterial network found in the palm. It is usually formed mainly from the terminal part of the radial artery, with the ulnar artery contributing via its deep palmar branch...

        )
    • volar metacarpal arteries
      Volar metacarpal arteries
      The palmar metacarpal arteries , three or four in number, arise from the convexity of the deep volar arch...

       (aa. metacarpeæ volares; palmar interosseous arteries)
    • perforating branches (rami perforantes)
    • recurrent branches

  • branches of the ulnar artery
    Ulnar artery
    The ulnar artery is the main blood vessel, with oxygenated blood, of the medial aspect of the forearm. It arises from the brachial artery and terminates in the superficial palmar arch, which joins with the superficial branch of the radial artery...

  • In the Forearm
    Forearm
    -See also:*Forearm flexors*Forearm muscles...

    • anterior ulnar recurrent artery
      Anterior ulnar recurrent artery
      The anterior ulnar recurrent artery arises immediately below the elbow-joint, runs upward between the Brachialis and Pronator teres, supplies twigs to those muscles, and, in front of the medial epicondyle, anastomoses with the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries....

       (a. recurrentes ulnaris anterior)
    • posterior ulnar recurrent artery
      Posterior ulnar recurrent artery
      The posterior ulnar recurrent artery is much larger than the anterior ulnar recurrent artery, and arises somewhat lower than it.It passes backward and medialward on the Flexor digitorum profundus, behind the Flexor digitorum sublimis, and ascends behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus.In the...

       (a. recurrentes ulnaris posterior)
    • common interosseous artery
      Common interosseous artery
      The common interosseous artery, about 1 cm. in length, arises immediately below the tuberosity of the radius from the Ulnar artery.Passing backward to the upper border of the interosseous membrane, it divides into two branches, the anterior interosseous and posterior interosseous arteries....

       (a. interossea communis)
      • Volar interosseous artery
        Volar interosseous artery
        The anterior interosseous artery is an artery of the forearm.-Course:It passes down the forearm on the volar surface of the interosseous membrane....

         (a. interossea volaris; anterior interosseous artery)
        • arteria mediana
      • Dorsal interosseous artery (a. interossea dorsalis; posterior interosseous artery
        Posterior interosseous artery
        The posterior interosseous artery is an artery of the forearm.It passes backward between the oblique cord and the upper border of the interosseous membrane...

        )

  • In the Forearm
    Forearm
    -See also:*Forearm flexors*Forearm muscles...

    • common interosseous artery
      Common interosseous artery
      The common interosseous artery, about 1 cm. in length, arises immediately below the tuberosity of the radius from the Ulnar artery.Passing backward to the upper border of the interosseous membrane, it divides into two branches, the anterior interosseous and posterior interosseous arteries....

       (a. interossea communis)
      • interosseous recurrent artery
        Interosseous recurrent artery
        The interosseous recurrent artery is an artery of the forearm which arises from the posterior interosseous artery near its origin. It ascends to the interval between the lateral epicondyle and olecranon, on or through the fibers of the supinator but beneath the anconeus. It anastomoses with the...


  • In the Forearm
    Forearm
    -See also:*Forearm flexors*Forearm muscles...

    • muscular branches (rami musculares)
  • At the Wrist
    Wrist
    In human anatomy, the wrist is variously defined as 1) the carpus or carpal bones, the complex of eight bones forming the proximal skeletal segment of the hand;...

    • volar carpal branch (ramus carpeus volares; anterior ulnar carpal artery)
    • dorsal carpal branch (ramus carpeus dorsalis; posterior ulnar carpal artery)
  • In the Hand
    Hand
    A hand is a prehensile, multi-fingered extremity located at the end of an arm or forelimb of primates such as humans, chimpanzees, monkeys, and lemurs...

    • deep volar branch (ramus volaris profundus; profunda branch)
    • superficial volar arch (arcus volaris superficialis; superficial palmar arch
      Superficial palmar arch
      The superficial palmar arch is formed predominantly by the ulnar artery, with a contribution from the superficial palmar branch of the radial artery...

      )
  • Relations
    • Common volar digital arteries
      Common volar digital arteries
      Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles....

       (aa. digitales volares communes; palmar digital arteries)
    • proper volar digital arteries (aa. digitales volares propriæ; collateral digital arteries)

  • Branches of the Thoracic aorta
    Thoracic aorta
    The thoracic aorta is contained in the posterior mediastinal cavity.It begins at the lower border of the fourth thoracic vertebra where it is continuous with the aortic arch, and ends in front of the lower border of the twelfth thoracic vertebra, at the aortic hiatus in the diaphragm where it...

  • Visceral
    • pericardial branches (rami pericardiaci)
    • bronchial arteries (aa. bronchiales)
      • right bronchial artery
      • left bronchial arteries
    • esophageal arteries
      Esophageal arteries
      The esophageal arteries four or five in number, arise from the front of the aorta, and pass obliquely downward to the esophagus, forming a chain of anastomoses along that tube, anastomosing with the esophageal branches of the inferior thyroid arteries above, and with ascending branches from the...

       (aa. æsophageæ)
    • mediastinal branches (rami mediastinales)
  • Parietal
    • Intercostal arteries
      Intercostal arteries
      The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs , called the intercostal space.* Highest intercostal artery - first and second intercostal spaces...

       (aa. intercostales)

  • Parietal
    • Intercostal arteries
      Intercostal arteries
      The intercostal arteries are a group of arteries that supply the area between the ribs , called the intercostal space.* Highest intercostal artery - first and second intercostal spaces...

       (aa. intercostales)
      • Anterior ramus
        • collateral intercostal branch
        • Muscular branches
        • lateral cutaneous branches
        • Mammary branches
      • Posterior ramus
        • spinal branch
    • subcostal arteries
      Subcostal arteries
      The subcostal arteries, so named because they lie below the last ribs, constitute the lowest pair of branches derived from the thoracic aorta, and are in series with the intercostal arteries....

    • superior phrenic branches
      • aberrant artery

  • Collateral circulation
    Collateral circulation
    Collateral circulation is when an area of tissue or an organ has a number of different pathways for blood to reach it. This is often as a result of anastamoses - branches formed between adjacent blood vessels....

  • Visceral branches
    • celiac artery
      Celiac artery
      The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta anterior to the upper border of L1 vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta The celiac (or coeliac) artery, also known as...

       (a. cæliaca; celiac axis)
      • Left gastric artery
        Left gastric artery
        In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery, and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Branches also supply the lower esophagus...

         (a. gastrica sinistra; gastric artery
        Left gastric artery
        In human anatomy, the left gastric artery arises from the celiac artery, and runs along the superior portion of the lesser curvature of the stomach. Branches also supply the lower esophagus...

         or coronary artery)
      • Hepatic artery (a. hepatica)
        • foramen of Winslow

  • Visceral branches
    • celiac artery
      Celiac artery
      The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta anterior to the upper border of L1 vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta The celiac (or coeliac) artery, also known as...

       (a. cæliaca; celiac axis)
      • Hepatic artery (a. hepatica)
        • right gastric artery
          Right gastric artery
          The right gastric artery arises from the common hepatic artery, above the pylorus, descends to the pyloric end of the stomach, and passes from right to left along its lesser curvature, supplying it with branches, and anastomosing with the left gastric artery.-Additional images:-External links: -...

           (a. gastrica dextra; pyloric artery)
        • gastroduodenal artery
          Gastroduodenal artery
          In anatomy, the gastroduodenal artery is a small blood vessel in the abdomen.It supplies blood directly to the pylorus and proximal part of the duodenum, and indirectly to the pancreatic head .It most commonly arises from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk, but there are...

           (a. gastroduodenalis)
        • right gastroepiploic artery (a. gastroepiploica dextra)

  • Visceral branches
    • celiac artery
      Celiac artery
      The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta anterior to the upper border of L1 vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta The celiac (or coeliac) artery, also known as...

       (a. cæliaca; celiac axis)
      • Hepatic artery (a. hepatica)
        • superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
          Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery
          The superior pancreaticoduodenal artery is an artery that supplies blood to the duodenum and pancreas. It is a branch of the gastroduodenal artery, which most commonly arises from the common hepatic artery of the celiac trunk...

           (a. pancreaticoduodenalis superior)
        • cystic artery
          Cystic artery
          -Most common arrangement:In the classic arrangement, occurring with a frequency of approximately 70%, a singular cystic artery originates from the geniculate flexure of the right hepatic artery in the upper portion of the hepatobiliary triangle...

           (a. cystica)
      • Lienal artery or Splenic artery
        Splenic artery
        In anatomy, the splenic artery is the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas.-Branches:...

         (a. lienalis)

  • Visceral branches
    • celiac artery
      Celiac artery
      The celiac artery, also known as the celiac trunk, is the first major branch of the abdominal aorta. Branching from the aorta anterior to the upper border of L1 vertebra in humans, it is one of three anterior/ midline branches of the abdominal aorta The celiac (or coeliac) artery, also known as...

       (a. cæliaca; celiac axis)
      • Lienal artery or Splenic artery
        Splenic artery
        In anatomy, the splenic artery is the blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the spleen. It branches from the celiac artery, and follows a course superior to the pancreas.-Branches:...

         (a. lienalis)
        • pancreatic branches (rami pancreatici)
          • arteria pancreatica magna
            Arteria pancreatica magna
            In human anatomy, the arteria pancreatica magna, also great pancreatic artery and greater pancreatic artery, is the largest blood vessel that supplies oxygenated blood to the pancreas and arises from the splenic artery.-Pathology:...

        • short gastric arteries
          Short gastric arteries
          The short gastric arteries consist of from five to seven small branches, which arise from the end of the splenic artery, and from its terminal divisions....

           (aa. gastricæ breves; vasa brevia)
        • left gastroepiploic artery (a. gastroepiploica sinistra)
    • superior mesenteric artery
      Superior mesenteric artery
      In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas.-Location...

       (a. mesenterica superior)

  • Visceral branches
    • superior mesenteric artery
      Superior mesenteric artery
      In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas.-Location...

       (a. mesenterica superior)
      • Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
        Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
        The inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery or from its first intestinal branch, opposite the upper border of the inferior part of the duodenum....

         (a. pancreaticoduodenalis inferior)
      • Intestinal arteries
        Intestinal arteries
        The intestinal arteries arise from the convex side of the superior mesenteric artery. They are usually from twelve to fifteen in number, and are distributed to the jejunum and ileum.-Nomenclature:...

         (aa. intestinales; vasa intestini tenuis)
      • Ileocolic artery
        Ileocolic artery
        The ileocolic artery is the lowest branch arising from the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery.It passes downward and to the right behind the peritoneum toward the right iliac fossa, where it divides into a superior and an inferior branch; the inferior anastomoses with the end of the...

         (a. ileocolica)
        • colic branch
        • anterior cecal branch and posterior cecal branch
        • appendicular artery
          Appendicular artery
          The appendicular artery, also appendiceal artery, is a terminal branch of the ileocolic artery that descends behind the termination of the ileum and enters the mesoappendix of the vermiform appendix. It runs near the free margin of the mesoappendix and ends in branches which supply the...

        • ileal branch

  • Visceral branches
    • superior mesenteric artery
      Superior mesenteric artery
      In human anatomy, the superior mesenteric artery arises from the anterior surface of the abdominal aorta, just inferior to the origin of the celiac trunk, and supplies the intestine from the lower part of the duodenum through two-thirds of the transverse colon, as well as the pancreas.-Location...

       (a. mesenterica superior)
      • Right colic artery
        Right colic artery
        The Right Colic Artery arises from about the middle of the concavity of the superior mesenteric artery, or from a stem common to it and the ileocolic....

         (a. colica dextra)
      • Middle colic artery
        Middle colic artery
        The middle colic artery is a branch of the superior mesenteric artery that mostly supplies the transverse colon. It arises just below the pancreas, and, passing downward and forward between the layers of the transverse mesocolon, divides into two branches: right and left.* The right branch...

         (a. colica media)
    • inferior mesenteric artery
      Inferior mesenteric artery
      In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery, often abbreviated as IMA, supplies the large intestine from the left colic flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum...

       (a. mesenterica inferior)

  • Visceral branches
    • inferior mesenteric artery
      Inferior mesenteric artery
      In human anatomy, the inferior mesenteric artery, often abbreviated as IMA, supplies the large intestine from the left colic flexure to the upper part of the rectum, which includes the descending colon, the sigmoid colon, and part of the rectum...

       (a. mesenterica inferior)
      • Left colic artery
        Left colic artery
        The left colic artery is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery that runs to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the psoas major muscle, and after a short, but variable, course divides into an ascending and a descending branch; the stem of the artery or its branches cross the left...

         (a. colica sinistra)
      • Sigmoid arteries
        Sigmoid arteries
        The sigmoid arteries, two or three in number, run obliquely downward and to the left behind the peritoneum and in front of the Psoas major, ureter, and internal spermatic vessels....

         (aa. sigmoideæ)
      • Superior hemorrhoidal artery (a. hæmorrhoidalis superior)
    • middle suprarenal arteries
      Middle suprarenal arteries
      The middle suprarenal arteries are two small vessels which arise, one from either side of the abdominal aorta, opposite the superior mesenteric artery....

       (aa. suprarenales media; middle capsular arteries; suprarenal arteries)
    • renal arteries (aa. renales)
      • inferior suprarenal branches

  • Visceral branches
    • internal spermatic arteries (aa. spermaticæ internæ; spermatic arteries)
    • ovarian arteries (aa. ovaricæ)

  • Parietal Branches
    • inferior phrenic arteries
      Inferior phrenic arteries
      The inferior phrenic arteries are two small vessels, which supply the diaphragm but present much variety in their origin.They may arise separately from the front of the aorta, immediately above the celiac artery, or by a common trunk, which may spring either from the aorta or from the celiac artery...

       (aa. phrenicæ inferiores)
    • lumbar arteries
      Lumbar arteries
      The lumbar arteries are in parallel with the intercostals.They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebræ....

       (aa. lumbales)

  • common iliac arteries
  • external iliac artery
    External iliac artery
    The external iliac arteries are two major arteries which bifurcate off the common iliac arteries anterior to the sacroiliac joint of the pelvis. They proceed anterior and inferior along the medial border of the psoas major muscles...

     and hypogastric artery

  • umbilical arteries
  • lateral umbilical ligament
    Lateral umbilical ligament
    The lateral umbilical fold overlies the inferior epigastric artery and its accompanying veins. Unlike the median and medial umbilical folds, the contents of the Lateral Umbilical fold remain functional after birth....

     (obliterated hypogastric artery)
  • branches of the hypogastric artery
  • superior vesical artery
    Superior vesical artery
    The superior vesical artery supplies numerous branches to the upper part of the bladder.From one of these a slender vessel, the artery to the ductus deferens, takes origin and accompanies the duct in its course to the testis, where it anastomoses with the internal spermatic artery.Other branches...

     (a. vesicalis superior)
    • artery to the ductus deferens
      Artery to the ductus deferens
      The artery to the ductus deferens, as its name suggests, is an artery in males that provides blood to the vas deferens.-Course:The artery usually arises from the anterior trunk of the superior vesical artery. It accompanies the vas deferens into the testis, where it anastomoses with the testicular...

  • middle vesical artery
    Middle vesical artery
    The middle vesical artery, usually a branch of the superior vesical artery, is distributed to the fundus of the bladder and the seminal vesicles....

     (a. vesicalis medialis)
  • inferior vesical artery
    Inferior vesical artery
    The inferior vesical artery is an artery in the pelvis that supplies the lower part of the bladder.-Structure:The inferior vesical artery is a branch of the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It frequently arises in common with the middle rectal artery, and is distributed to the...

     (a. vesicalis inferior)
  • middle hemorrhoidal artery (a. hæmorrhoidalis media)
  • uterine artery
    Uterine artery
    -Structure:The uterine artery usually arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It travels to the uterus, crossing the ureter anteriorly, reaching the uterus by traveling in the cardinal ligament....

     (a. uterina)

  • uterine artery
    Uterine artery
    -Structure:The uterine artery usually arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. It travels to the uterus, crossing the ureter anteriorly, reaching the uterus by traveling in the cardinal ligament....

     (a. uterina)
    • azygos arteries of the vagina
      Azygos arteries of the vagina
      The uterine artery supplies branches to the cervix uteri and others which descend on the vagina; the latter anastomose with branches of the vaginal arteries and form with them two median longitudinal vessels—the vaginal branches of uterine artery —one of which runs down in front of and the other...

  • vaginal artery
    Vaginal artery
    -Terminology:The vaginal artery is usually defined as a branch of the internal iliac artery.Some sources say that the vaginal artery can arise from the internal iliac artery or the uterine artery...

     (a. vaginalis)
  • obturator artery
    Obturator artery
    The obturator artery is a branch of the internal iliac artery that passes antero-inferiorly on the lateral wall of the pelvis, to the upper part of the obturator foramen, and, escaping from the pelvic cavity through the obturator canal, it divides into both an anterior and a posterior...

     (a. obturatoria)

  • internal pudendal artery
    Internal pudendal artery
    The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia.The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery...

     (a. pudenda interna; internal pudic artery)
    • internal pudendal artery in the male
    • dorsal and deep arteries of the penis

  • internal pudendal artery
    Internal pudendal artery
    The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia.The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery...

     (a. pudenda interna; internal pudic artery)
    • accessory pudendal
    • branches of the internal pudendal artery
      Internal pudendal artery
      The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia.The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery...


  • internal pudendal artery
    Internal pudendal artery
    The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia.The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery...

     (a. pudenda interna; internal pudic artery)
    • Inferior hemorrhoidal artery (a. hæmorrhoidalis inferior)
    • Perineal artery
      Perineal artery
      The perineal artery arises from the internal pudendal artery, and turns upward, crossing either over or under the Transversus perinæi superficialis, and runs forward, parallel to the pubic arch, in the interspace between the Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus, both of which it supplies, and...

       (a. perinei; superficial perineal artery)
    • posterior scrotal branches
      Posterior scrotal arteries
      -External links:* http://anatomy.uams.edu/AnatomyHTML/arteries_pelvis&perineum.html...

    • transverse perineal artery
    • Artery of the urethral bulb
      Artery of the urethral bulb
      The artery of the urethral bulb is a short vessel of large caliber which arises from the internal pudendal between the two layers of fascia of the urogenital diaphragm; it passes medialward, pierces the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, and gives off branches which ramify in the bulb of...

       (a. bulbi urethræ)
    • Urethral artery
      Urethral artery
      The urethral artery arises from the internal pudendal artery a short distance in front of the artery of the urethral bulb.In the male, it runs forward and medially, pierces the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm and enters the corpus cavernosum urethræ, in which it is continued forward to...

       (a. urethralis)

  • internal pudendal artery
    Internal pudendal artery
    The internal pudendal artery is an artery that branches off the internal iliac artery, providing blood to the external genitalia.The internal pudendal artery is the terminal branch of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery...

     (a. pudenda interna; internal pudic artery)
    • Deep artery of the penis
      Deep artery of the penis
      The deep artery of the penis , one of the terminal branches of the internal pudendal, arises from that vessel while it is situated between the two fasciæ of the urogenital diaphragm ....

       (a. profunda penis; artery to the corpus cavernosum)
    • Dorsal artery of the penis
      Dorsal artery of the penis
      The Dorsal Artery of the Penis is a branch of the internal pudendal artery which ascends between the crus penis and the pubic symphysis, and, piercing the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm, passes between the two layers of the suspensory ligament of the penis, and runs forward on the...

       (a. dorsalis penis)
    • internal pudendal artery in the female
  • inferior gluteal artery
    Inferior gluteal artery
    The inferior gluteal artery , the larger of the two terminal branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, is distributed chiefly to the buttock and back of the thigh....

     (a. glutæa inferior; sciatic artery)
    • Muscular branches
    • Coccygeal branches
    • Arteria comitans nervi ischiadici
    • Anastomotic branch
      • crucial anastomosis
    • Articular branch

  • inferior gluteal artery
    Inferior gluteal artery
    The inferior gluteal artery , the larger of the two terminal branches of the anterior trunk of the internal iliac artery, is distributed chiefly to the buttock and back of the thigh....

     (a. glutæa inferior; sciatic artery)
    • Cutaneous branches
  • iliolumbar artery
    Iliolumbar artery
    The iliolumbar artery is the first branch of the posterior trunk of the internal iliac artery.-Course:The iliolumbar artery turns upward behind the obturator nerve and the external iliac artery and vein, to the medial border of the psoas major, behind which it divides into:* Lumbar branch of...

     (a. iliolumbalis)
    • Lumbar branch (ramus lumbalis)
    • Iliac branch (ramus iliacus)
  • lateral sacral arteries (aa. sacrales laterales)

  • superior gluteal artery
    Superior gluteal artery
    The superior gluteal artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel....

     (a. glutæa superior; gluteal artery
    Superior gluteal artery
    The superior gluteal artery is the largest branch of the internal iliac artery, and appears to be the continuation of the posterior division of that vessel....

    )

  • inferior epigastric artery
    Inferior epigastric artery
    In human anatomy, inferior epigastric artery refers to the artery that arises from the external iliac artery and anastomoses with the superior epigastric artery...

     (a. epigastrica inferior; deep epigastric artery)
  • external spermatic artery (cremasteric artery)
  • deep iliac circumflex artery (a. circumflexa ilium profunda)

  • femoral sheath
    Femoral sheath
    The femoral sheath is formed by a prolongation downward, behind the inguinal ligament, of the fasciæ which line the abdomen, the transversalis fascia being continued down in front of the femoral vessels and the iliac fascia behind them....

     (crural sheath)
    • deep crural arch
      Deep crural arch
      The iliopubic tract is a thickened band of fibers curving over the external iliac vessels, at the spot where they become femoral, on the abdominal side of the inguinal ligaments and loosely connected with it...

    • femoral canal
      Femoral canal
      The femoral sheath has three compartments. The lateral compartment contains the femoral artery, the intermediate compartment contains the femoral vein, and the medial and smallest compartment is called the femoral canal. The femoral canal contains efferent lymphatic vessels and a lymph node...

    • femoral ring
      Femoral ring
      The femoral ring is the base of the femoral canal. It is directed upward and is oval in form, its long diameter being directed transversely and measuring about 1.25 cm.-Boundaries:The femoral ring is bounded as follows:...


  • femoral sheath
    Femoral sheath
    The femoral sheath is formed by a prolongation downward, behind the inguinal ligament, of the fasciæ which line the abdomen, the transversalis fascia being continued down in front of the femoral vessels and the iliac fascia behind them....

     (crural sheath)
    • septum femorale (crural septum)
    • femoral fossa
  • femoral triangle
    Femoral triangle
    The femoral triangle is an anatomical region of the upper inner human thigh.-Boundaries:It is bounded by:* the inguinal ligament* the medial border of the adductor longus muscle...

     (trigonum femorale; Scarpa's triangle)

  • adductor canal
    Adductor canal
    The adductor canal is an aponeurotic tunnel in the middle third of the thigh, extending from the apex of the femoral triangle to the opening in the Adductor magnus, the Adductor hiatus.-Boundary:...

     (canalis adductorius; Hunter's canal)
  • Relations of the Femoral artery
    Femoral artery
    The femoral artery is a general term comprising a few large arteries in the thigh. They begin at the inguinal ligament and end just above the knee at adductor canal or Hunter's canal traversing the extent of the femur bone....


  • superficial epigastric artery
    Superficial epigastric artery
    The superficial epigastric artery arises from the front of the femoral artery about 1 cm below the inguinal ligament, and, passing through the femoral sheath and the fascia cribrosa, turns upward in front of the inguinal ligament, and ascends between the two layers of the superficial fascia of the...

     (a. epigastrica superficialis)
  • superficial iliac circumflex artery
    Superficial iliac circumflex artery
    The superficial iliac circumflex artery , the smallest of the cutaneous branches of the femoral artery, arises close to the superficial epigastric artery, and, piercing the fascia lata, runs lateralward, parallel with the inguinal ligament, as far as the crest of the ilium.It divides into branches...

     (a. circumflexa ilium superficialis)
  • superficial external pudendal artery
    Superficial external pudendal artery
    The superficial external pudendal artery arises from the medial side of the femoral artery, close to the superficial epigastric artery and superficial iliac circumflex artery.-Course and target:...

     (a. pudenda externa superficialis; superficial external pudic artery)
  • deep external pudendal artery
    Deep external pudendal artery
    The deep external pudendal artery , more deeply seated than the superficial external pudendal artery, passes medialward across the Pectineus and the Adductor longus muscles; it is covered by the fascia lata, which it pierces at the medial side of the thigh, and is distributed, in the male, to the...

     (a. pudenda externa profunda; deep external pudic artery)
  • Muscular branches (rami musculares)
  • profunda femoris artery
    Profunda femoris artery
    The profunda femoris artery is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply than the rest of the femoral artery.-Structure:...

     (a. profunda femoris; deep femoral artery)

  • profunda femoris artery
    Profunda femoris artery
    The profunda femoris artery is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply than the rest of the femoral artery.-Structure:...

     (a. profunda femoris; deep femoral artery)
    • fourth perforating artery
    • branches of profunda femoris artery
      Profunda femoris artery
      The profunda femoris artery is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply than the rest of the femoral artery.-Structure:...

    • Lateral femoral circumflex artery
      Lateral femoral circumflex artery
      The lateral circumflex femoral artery is an artery in the upper thigh.-Structure:...

       (a. circumflexa femoris lateralis; external circumflex artery)
    • Medial femoral circumflex artery
      Medial femoral circumflex artery
      The medial circumflex femoral artery is an artery in the upper thigh that helps supply blood to the neck of the femur.-Structure:...

       (a. circumflexa femoris medialis; internal circumflex artery)
      • crucial anastomosis

  • profunda femoris artery
    Profunda femoris artery
    The profunda femoris artery is a branch of the femoral artery that, as its name suggests, travels more deeply than the rest of the femoral artery.-Structure:...

     (a. profunda femoris; deep femoral artery)
    • Perforating arteries
      Perforating arteries
      The perforating arteries, usually three in number, are so named because they perforate the tendon of the Adductor magnus to reach the back of the thigh....

      • first perforating artery (a. perforans prima)
      • second perforating artery (a. perforans secunda)
      • third perforating artery (a. perforans tertia)
    • highest genicular artery (a. genu suprema; anastomotica magna artery)
    • saphenous branch
    • musculo-articular branch

  • popliteal artery
    Popliteal artery
    In human anatomy, the popliteal artery is defined as the extension of the "superficial" femoral artery after passing through the adductor canal and adductor hiatus above the knee...

  • anterior tibial artery
    Anterior tibial artery
    The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery.It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course....

     and posterior tibial artery
    Posterior tibial artery
    The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery...


  • branches of the popliteal artery
    Popliteal artery
    In human anatomy, the popliteal artery is defined as the extension of the "superficial" femoral artery after passing through the adductor canal and adductor hiatus above the knee...

  • superior muscular branches
  • sural arteries
    Sural arteries
    The sural arteries are two large branches, which are distributed to the Gastrocnemius, Soleus, and Plantaris...

     (aa. surales; inferior muscular arteries)
  • cutaneous branches
  • superior genicular arteries
    Superior genicular arteries
    The superior genicular arteries , two in number, arise one on either side of the popliteal artery, and wind around the femur immediately above its condyles to the front of the knee-joint.-See also:...

     (aa. genu superiores; superior articular arteries)
    • medial superior genicular
    • lateral superior genicular
  • middle genicular artery
    Middle genicular artery
    The middle genicular artery is a small branch, arising opposite the back of the knee-joint.-Course and target:It pierces the oblique popliteal ligament, and supplies the ligaments and synovial membrane in the interior of the articulation....

     (a. genu media; azygos articular artery)
  • inferior genicular arteries
    Inferior genicular arteries
    The inferior genicular arteries , two in number, arise from the popliteal beneath the Gastrocnemius.-See also:* inferior medial genicular artery* inferior lateral genicular artery* Patellar anastomosis...

     (aa. genu inferiores; inferior articular arteries)
  • medial inferior genicular

  • lateral inferior genicular
  • Anastomosis around the knee-joint
    • superficial plexus
    • deep plexus

  • dorsalis pedis
  • branches of the anterior tibial artery
    Anterior tibial artery
    The anterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the anterior compartment of the leg and dorsal surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery.It is accompanied by a deep vein, the anterior tibial vein, along its course....

    • posterior tibial recurrent artery
      Posterior tibial recurrent artery
      The posterior tibial recurrent artery, an inconstant branch, is given off from the anterior tibial before that vessel passes through the interosseous space....

       (a. recurrens tibialis posterior)
    • fibular artery
      Fibular artery
      In anatomy, the fibular artery supplies blood to the lateral compartment of the leg and is typically a branch of posterior tibial artery.-Structure:...

    • anterior tibial recurrent artery
      Anterior tibial recurrent artery
      The anterior tibial recurrent artery arises from the anterior tibial, as soon as that vessel has passed through the interosseous space; it ascends in the Tibialis anterior, ramifies on the front and sides of the knee-joint, and assists in the formation of the patellar plexus by anastomosing with...

       (a. recurrens tibialis anterior)
    • muscular branches (rami musculares)
    • anterior medial malleolar artery
      Anterior medial malleolar artery
      The anterior medial malleolar artery arises about 5 cm. above the ankle-joint and passes behind the tendons of the Extensor hallucis longus and Tibialis anterior, to the medial side of the ankle, upon which it ramifies, anastomosing with branches of the posterior tibial and medial plantar arteries...

       (a. malleolaris anterior medialis; internal malleolar artery)
    • anterior lateral malleolar artery
      Anterior lateral malleolar artery
      The anterior lateral malleolar artery passes beneath the tendons of the Extensor digitorum longus and Peronæus tertius and supplies the lateral side of the ankle, anastomosing with the perforating branch of the peroneal artery, and with ascending twigs from the lateral tarsal artery.-External...

       (a. malleolaris anterior lateralis; external malleolar artery)

  • branches of the arteria dorsalis pedis
  • lateral tarsal artery
    Lateral tarsal artery
    The lateral tarsal artery arises from the dorsalis pedis, as that vessel crosses the navicular bone; it passes in an arched direction lateralward, lying upon the tarsal bones, and covered by the Extensor digitorum brevis; it supplies this muscle and the articulations of the tarsus, and anastomoses...

     (a. tarsea lateralis; tarsal artery)
  • medial tarsal arteries
    Medial tarsal arteries
    The medial tarsal arteries are two or three small branches which ramify on the medial border of the foot and join the medial malleolar net-work.-External links:* http://www.dartmouth.edu/~humananatomy/figures/chapter_17/17-3.HTM...

     (aa. tarseæ mediales)
  • arcuate artery
    Arcuate artery of the foot
    The arcuate artery of the foot arises a little anterior to the lateral tarsal artery; it passes lateralward, over the bases of the metatarsal bones, beneath the tendons of the Extensor digitorum brevis, its direction being influenced by its point of origin; and its anastomoses with the lateral...

     (a. arcuata; metatarsal artery)
    • second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries
      Dorsal metatarsal arteries
      The arcuate artery of the foot gives off the second, third, and fourth dorsal metatarsal arteries, which run forward upon the corresponding Interossei dorsales; in the clefts between the toes, each divides into two dorsal digital branches for the adjoining toes.At the proximal parts of the...

  • first dorsal metatarsal artery
    First dorsal metatarsal artery
    The first dorsal metatarsal artery runs forward on the first Interosseous dorsalis, and at the cleft between the first and second toes divides into two branches, one of which passes beneath the tendon of the Extensor hallucis longus, and is distributed to the medial border of the great toe; the...

     (a. dorsalis hallucis)
  • deep plantar artery
    Deep plantar artery
    The deep plantar artery descends into the sole of the foot, between the two heads of the first Interosseous dorsalis, and unites with the termination of the lateral plantar artery, to complete the plantar arch.It sends a branch along the medial side of the great toe and continues forward along the...

     (ramus plantaris profundus; communicating artery)
    • first plantar metatarsal artery

  • branches of the posterior tibial artery
    Posterior tibial artery
    The posterior tibial artery of the lower limb carries blood to the posterior compartment of the leg and plantar surface of the foot, from the popliteal artery...

  • peroneal artery (a. peronæa)
    • branches of the peroneal
    • Muscular branches
    • Nutrient artery
      Nutrient artery
      The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals. Nutrient Arteries are the most apparent blood vessels of the bones....

       (a. nutricia fibulæ)
    • Perforating branch (ramus perforans; anterior peroneal artery)
    • Communicating branch (ramus communicans)
    • Lateral calcaneal (ramus calcaneus lateralis; external calcaneal)
  • nutrient artery
    Nutrient artery
    The medullary or nutrient artery, usually accompanied by one or two veins, sends branches upward and downward to the bone marrow, which ramify in the medullary membrane, and give twigs to the adjoining canals. Nutrient Arteries are the most apparent blood vessels of the bones....

     (a. nutricia tibiæ)

  • muscular branches
  • posterior medial malleolar artery (a. malleolaris posterior medialis; internal malleolar artery)
  • communicating branch (ramus communicans)
  • medial calcaneal (rami calcanei mediales; internal calcaneal)
  • divisions
    • medial plantar artery
      Medial plantar artery
      The medial plantar artery , much smaller than the lateral, passes forward along the medial side of the foot.It is at first situated above the Abductor hallucis, and then between it and the Flexor digitorum brevis, both of which it supplies.At the base of the first metatarsal bone, where it is much...

       (a. plantaris medialis; internal plantar artery)
    • lateral plantar artery
      Lateral plantar artery
      The lateral plantar artery , much larger than the medial, passes obliquely lateralward and forward to the base of the fifth metatarsal bone....

       (a. plantaris lateralis; external plantar artery)
      • plantar arch
        Plantar arch
        The plantar arch is formed from:* deep plantar artery, from the dorsalis pedis - aka dorsal artery of the foot* lateral plantar arteryThe plantar arch supplies the underside, or sole, of the foot....


  • divisions
    • lateral plantar artery
      Lateral plantar artery
      The lateral plantar artery , much larger than the medial, passes obliquely lateralward and forward to the base of the fifth metatarsal bone....

       (a. plantaris lateralis; external plantar artery)
      • branches of the plantar arch
        Plantar arch
        The plantar arch is formed from:* deep plantar artery, from the dorsalis pedis - aka dorsal artery of the foot* lateral plantar arteryThe plantar arch supplies the underside, or sole, of the foot....

      • Perforating branches (rami perforantes)
      • Plantar metatarsal arteries
        Plantar metatarsal arteries
        The plantar metatarsal arteries are four in number, and run forward between the metatarsal bones and in contact with the Interossei.Each divides into a pair of plantar digital arteries which supply the adjacent sides of the toes....

         (aa. metatarseæ plantares; digital branches)
        • anterior perforating branch
        • first plantar metatarsal artery (arteria princeps hallucis)

See also

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