Minuscule 482
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 482 ε 1017 (in the Soden numbering), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon
to the year 1285 (altered to 985).
Scrivener
labelled it by number 570. The manuscript has complex context, but faded in parts. The text exhibits more numerous and bolder textual variants than usual manuscripts of the four Gospels. Marginal apparatus is given fully.
The manuscript was written by an inaccurate copyist, who made a large number of errors.
The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospel
s on folios 6v-288v, without any lacunae
. The manuscript has faded in parts.
The writing is in one column per page, 22-23 lines per page.
The margins are wide, the dimensions of text are 14.0 by 9.0 cm. It contains the decorated headpieces (in four colours) and the decorated initial letters at the beginning of each Gospel (folios 7, 91, 143, 227). The large initial letters at the beginning are written in gold and blue, small initials in brown. The titles of the Gospels are written in uncial letters in gold. The breathings and accents are given fully but carelessly written, sometimes varying even in the same verse (e.g. in Luke 3:8). According to Scrivener it was written by "clear but inelegant hand". The nomina sacra
are written in an abbreviated way.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin of the text, and their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, whose numbers are written at the margin, with references to the Eusebian Canons. The references are written below the numbers of the Ammonian Sections. Number of sections is usual.
It contains the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning (folios 3r-6r), tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), and portraits of the four Evangelists before each Gospel (Matthew on folio 6 verso, Mark on folio 90 verso, Luke on folio 142 verso, John on folio 226 verso).
The Church lessons are marked and the days on which they are used. Each lesson is begins with a capital letter. In result the manuscript was adapted for liturgical use. Synaxarion (table of lessons) and Menologion of Saint days were added by later hand, Synaxarion (ff. 290-317) on parchment, Menologion on paper.
The text of the Gospels has many corrections made by two hands. Corrections were made by the same hand as Synaxarion and Menologion.
N ephelkystikon appears 20 times in Matthew 1-15. There are a few occurrences or the error of itacism, but some of them are unusual (e.g. κοποιωντες in Matthew 11:28, οις for εις in John 6:17). The corrections made by a second hand contain even more itacisms than the original text. It does not mean, however, that the original scribe was accurate copyist.
The original scribe (prima manu) made many errors of homoioteleuton (repetition of endings), and rare grammar forms (e.g. εζητειν in Luke 3:9; εδιδουν in Luke 3:16), transpositions of words, and synonymous words are constantly substituted. There are also many other errors (e.g. incorrect spelling). There are also inconsistencies in spelling, e.g. city Nazareth
is spelled in two ways, as ναζαρεθ in John 1:46 and as ναζαρετ in John 1:47; κραββατον in Mark 2 and κραβαττον in John 5. Scrivener stated "the scribe was far from accurate copyist".
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the family Ikc. Kurt Aland
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx
in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it belongs to the family Πa.
Although it has element of the family Π usually it is not classified as a member of that family, as it has also some Kx element.
It has many singular and unusual readings. Scrivener gave a list of the singular readings of the codex: Matthew 7:18; 8:22; 10:30; 15:23; 17:25; 22:6; 25:17; 26:7.10.22; 27:7; Mark 1:16; 5:35.38; 7:18; 8:7; 10:29; 13:27; Luke 1:21.75; 4:24; 5:5; 6:15.16; 7:11; 8:32; 10:32; 11:52; 14:32; 16:25; 18:32; 22:64; John 2:11; 4:21.39.42; 10:12; 13:24; 14:25; 16:14; 17:4; 18:20. In Mark 13:27 it has unusual additional reading αγγελους μου μετα σαλπιγγος φωνης μεγαλης (angels with a loud trumpet call), the reading was derived from Matthew 24:31 (angels with a loud trumpet call), and does not occur in any other manuscript. It has addition in Luke 6:16 (και λεμβαιον ητοι θαδδαιον).
In some passages codex agrees with the oldest uncial manuscripts (e.g. Matthew 1:6.10; 5:16; 6:19; 7:13.14; etc.), like Codex Vaticanus
, Codex Ephraemi, Codex Bezae
, Codex Cyprius
, Codex Regius
, Codex Campianus
, and Codex Dublinensis
. According to F. H. A. Scrivener it is close textually to minuscule 489
, which belongs to Πa.
Singular readings
The words before the brackets are the readings of Textus Receptus
, the words after the brackets are the readings of the codex.
Old-Byzantine readings
The place of origin of the codex is unknown. It is believed that Constantinople
can be possible place of its origin. On the folio 7 there is erased Greek inscription from the 16th century.
The manuscript once belonged to Charles Burney
, classical scholar, along with codices: Minuscule 480
, 481
, 484
, 485
, and ℓ 184
. It is unknown in which way Burney acquired the manuscript, but after his death it was proved that some manuscripts he had stolen from the university library
in Cambridge. After his death it was purchased to the British Museum
in 1818 from his son Charles Parr Burney. The manuscript was rebound in 1964.
The manuscript was examined and collated by Scrivener
, who published its text in 1852. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (570) and C. R. Gregory (482). Gregory saw it in 1883.
It is currently housed at the British Library
(Burney 20) in London
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...
to the year 1285 (altered to 985).
Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
The Reverend Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, LL.D. was an important text critic of the New Testament and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible...
labelled it by number 570. The manuscript has complex context, but faded in parts. The text exhibits more numerous and bolder textual variants than usual manuscripts of the four Gospels. Marginal apparatus is given fully.
The manuscript was written by an inaccurate copyist, who made a large number of errors.
Description
The whole codex contains 317 parchment leaves (size ). The leaves are arranged in small quarto (four leaves in quire). The parchment is fine and thin. It has several paper flying leaves at the beginning and one at the end (folio 318). Folio 318 is a parchment flyleaf.The codex contains a complete text of the four Gospel
Gospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s on folios 6v-288v, without any lacunae
Lacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
. The manuscript has faded in parts.
The writing is in one column per page, 22-23 lines per page.
The margins are wide, the dimensions of text are 14.0 by 9.0 cm. It contains the decorated headpieces (in four colours) and the decorated initial letters at the beginning of each Gospel (folios 7, 91, 143, 227). The large initial letters at the beginning are written in gold and blue, small initials in brown. The titles of the Gospels are written in uncial letters in gold. The breathings and accents are given fully but carelessly written, sometimes varying even in the same verse (e.g. in Luke 3:8). According to Scrivener it was written by "clear but inelegant hand". The nomina sacra
Nomina sacra
Nomina sacra means "sacred names" in Latin, and can be used to refer to traditions of abbreviated writing of several frequently occurring divine names or titles in early Greek language Holy Scripture...
are written in an abbreviated way.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin of the text, and their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. There is also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections, whose numbers are written at the margin, with references to the Eusebian Canons. The references are written below the numbers of the Ammonian Sections. Number of sections is usual.
It contains the Eusebian Canon tables at the beginning (folios 3r-6r), tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin (for liturgical use), and portraits of the four Evangelists before each Gospel (Matthew on folio 6 verso, Mark on folio 90 verso, Luke on folio 142 verso, John on folio 226 verso).
The Church lessons are marked and the days on which they are used. Each lesson is begins with a capital letter. In result the manuscript was adapted for liturgical use. Synaxarion (table of lessons) and Menologion of Saint days were added by later hand, Synaxarion (ff. 290-317) on parchment, Menologion on paper.
The text of the Gospels has many corrections made by two hands. Corrections were made by the same hand as Synaxarion and Menologion.
N ephelkystikon appears 20 times in Matthew 1-15. There are a few occurrences or the error of itacism, but some of them are unusual (e.g. κοποιωντες in Matthew 11:28, οις for εις in John 6:17). The corrections made by a second hand contain even more itacisms than the original text. It does not mean, however, that the original scribe was accurate copyist.
The original scribe (prima manu) made many errors of homoioteleuton (repetition of endings), and rare grammar forms (e.g. εζητειν in Luke 3:9; εδιδουν in Luke 3:16), transpositions of words, and synonymous words are constantly substituted. There are also many other errors (e.g. incorrect spelling). There are also inconsistencies in spelling, e.g. city Nazareth
Nazareth
Nazareth is the largest city in the North District of Israel. Known as "the Arab capital of Israel," the population is made up predominantly of Palestinian Arab citizens of Israel...
is spelled in two ways, as ναζαρεθ in John 1:46 and as ναζαρετ in John 1:47; κραββατον in Mark 2 and κραβαττον in John 5. Scrivener stated "the scribe was far from accurate copyist".
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Hermann von Soden classified it to the family Ikc. Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category V.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 1. In Luke 10 and Luke 20 it belongs to the family Πa.
Although it has element of the family Π usually it is not classified as a member of that family, as it has also some Kx element.
It has many singular and unusual readings. Scrivener gave a list of the singular readings of the codex: Matthew 7:18; 8:22; 10:30; 15:23; 17:25; 22:6; 25:17; 26:7.10.22; 27:7; Mark 1:16; 5:35.38; 7:18; 8:7; 10:29; 13:27; Luke 1:21.75; 4:24; 5:5; 6:15.16; 7:11; 8:32; 10:32; 11:52; 14:32; 16:25; 18:32; 22:64; John 2:11; 4:21.39.42; 10:12; 13:24; 14:25; 16:14; 17:4; 18:20. In Mark 13:27 it has unusual additional reading αγγελους μου μετα σαλπιγγος φωνης μεγαλης (angels with a loud trumpet call), the reading was derived from Matthew 24:31 (angels with a loud trumpet call), and does not occur in any other manuscript. It has addition in Luke 6:16 (και λεμβαιον ητοι θαδδαιον).
In some passages codex agrees with the oldest uncial manuscripts (e.g. Matthew 1:6.10; 5:16; 6:19; 7:13.14; etc.), like Codex Vaticanus
Codex Vaticanus
The Codex Vaticanus , is one of the oldest extant manuscripts of the Greek Bible , one of the four great uncial codices. The Codex is named for the residence in the Vatican Library, where it has been stored since at least the 15th century...
, Codex Ephraemi, Codex Bezae
Codex Bezae
The Codex Bezae Cantabrigensis, designated by siglum Dea or 05 , δ 5 , is a codex of the New Testament dating from the 5th century written in an uncial hand on vellum. It contains, in both Greek and Latin, most of the four Gospels and Acts, with a small fragment of the 3 John...
, Codex Cyprius
Codex Cyprius
Codex Cyprius, designated by Ke or 017 , ε 71 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the four Gospels, on parchment. It was variously dated in the past , currently it is dated to the 9th century. It was brought from Cyprus to Paris...
, Codex Regius
Codex Regius (New Testament)
Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 , ε 56 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia....
, Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus
Codex Campianus designated by M or 021 , ε 72 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated palaeographically to the 9th century...
, and Codex Dublinensis
Codex Dublinensis
Codex Dublinensis designated by Z or 035 , ε 26 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 6th century. The manuscript is lacunose.- Description :...
. According to F. H. A. Scrivener it is close textually to minuscule 489
Minuscule 489
Minuscule 489 , δ 459 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on paper...
, which belongs to Πa.
Singular readings
The words before the brackets are the readings of Textus Receptus
Textus Receptus
Textus Receptus is the name subsequently given to the succession of printed Greek texts of the New Testament which constituted the translation base for the original German Luther Bible, the translation of the New Testament into English by William Tyndale, the King James Version, and for most other...
, the words after the brackets are the readings of the codex.
- Matthew 7:18 – σαπρον (bad) ] πονηρον (evil)
- Matthew 8:22 – αφες τους νεκρους ] αφες τοις νεκροις
- Matthew 10:30 – της κεφαλης πασαι ηριθμημεναι ] πασαι της κεφαλης απηριθμημεναι
- Matthew 15:23 – αυτη ] αυτης
- Matthew 17:25 – αυτον ] αυτους
- Matthew 22:6 – υβρισαν (insulted) ] εδειραν (beat)
- Matthew 25:17 – δυο ] δυο ταλαντα
- Matthew 26:7 – κατεχεεν ] κατεεχεν αυτο
- Matthew 26:10 – ειργασατο ] εποιησεν
- Matthew 26:22 – λυπουμενοι ] λυπουμενος
- Matthew 27:7 – τον ] omit
- Mark 1:16 – βαλλοντας ] βαλλοντος
- Mark 5:35 – ερχονται ] ερχεται
- Mark 5:35 – λεγοντες ] λεγοντος
- Mark 5:38 – κλαιοντας και αλαλαζοντας ] κλαιοντα και αλαλαζοντα
- Mark 7:18 – ουτως ] οντος
- Mark 8:7 – ειπεν ] ειχεν
- Mark 10:29 – ευαγγελιου ] ευαγγελιου μου
- Mark 13:27 – αγγελους μου ] αγγελους μου μετα σαλπιγγος φωνης μεγαλης
- Luke 1:21 – χρονιζειν ] εγχρονιζειν
- Luke 1:75 – ημων ] αυτου
- Luke 5:5 – χαλασω ] χαλασωμεν
- Luke 6:15.16 – και σιμωνα τον καλουμενον ζηλωτην και ιουδαν ιακωβου και ιουδαν ισκαριωτην ] και τον και κανανιτην σιμωνα τον καλουμενον ζηλωτην και ιουδαν τον και λεμβαιον ητοι θαδδαιον ιακωβου και ιουδαν ισκαριωτην
- Luke 7:11 – επορευθη ] πορευεσθαι
- Luke 8:32 – εκει ] εκεισε
- Luke 10:32 – ελθων ] omit
- Luke 11:52 – εισερχομενους ] εισελθειν
- Luke 14:32 – προς ] εις
- Luke 16:25 – ομοιως ] omit
- Luke 18:32 – γαρ ] γαρ εν
- Luke 22:64 – αυτον ετυπτον ] omit
- John 2:11 – την αρχην των σημειων ] των σημειων την αρχην
- John 4:21 – προσκυνησετε ] προσκυνησεσθε
- John 4:39 – εις αυτον ] omit
- John 4:42 – οιδαμεν ] οιδαμεν και εγνωκαμεν
- John 10:12 – τα προβατα ] omit
- John 13:24 – τουτω ] αυτω
- John 14:25 – υμιν ] omit
- John 16:14 – εμε ] εμοι
- John 16:14 – οτι ] το
- John 16:14 – αναγγελει ] αναγγελη
- John 17:4 – επι της γης ] omit
- John 18:20 – τω κοσμω ] εν τω κοσμω
Old-Byzantine readings
- Matthew 1:6 – ο βασιλευς is omitted as in codices Papyrus 1, Sinaiticus, Vaticanus, 036Codex Tischendorfianus IVCodex Tischendorfianus IV – designated by Γ or 036 , ε 70 – is a Greek uncial manuscript of the Gospels, dated palaeographically to the 10th century...
, f1, f13, 700Minuscule 700Minuscule 700 , ε 133 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the Gospels. Formerly it was labelled as 604 in all catalogues , Gregory gave it the number 700.... - Matthew 1:10 it reads Αμως (as א, B, C, Γ, Δ, Θ, f1, 33Minuscule 33Minuscule 33 , δ 48 , formerly it was called Codex Colbertinus 2844, is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on parchment, dated palaeographically to the 9th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia...
), the majority reads Αμων (LCodex Regius (New Testament)Codex Regius designated by siglum Le or 019 , ε 56 , is a Greek uncial manuscript of the New Testament, dated paleographically to the 8th century. The manuscript is lacunose. It has marginalia....
, WCodex WashingtonianusThe Codex Washingtonianus or Codex Washingtonensis, designated by W or 032 , ε 014 , also called the Washington Manuscript of the Gospels, and The Freer Gospel, contains the four biblical gospels and was written in Greek on vellum in the fourth or fifth century...
, f13, the Byzantine text, Textus Receptus). - Matthew 5:16 – ιδωσιν υμων τα καλα εργα ] ιδωσι τα καλα υμων εργα
- Matthew 7:13 – εισερχομενοι ] ερχομενοι
- Matthew 7:14 – τι ] οτι
- Matthew 26:7 – βαρυτιμου ] πολυτιμου
History
There is a colophon on the page 592, which states: ετελειωθη κατα τον μαιον μηνα εις τας τριακοντα (?) ημερα τεταρτη της ενισταμενης ετους ςψζγ ινδικτ ιγ followed by a few iambics with name of scribe. It means, the manuscript was written on 30 May of the year 6793 of the era of Constantinople (i.e. 1285 CE). This date was changed by a later hand. Scrivener stated: "some silly person has changed the Ψ into Υ (very awkwardly), which would throw it back to A.D. 985." The name of scribe was Theophilus, a monk.The place of origin of the codex is unknown. It is believed that Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
can be possible place of its origin. On the folio 7 there is erased Greek inscription from the 16th century.
The manuscript once belonged to Charles Burney
Charles Burney (scholar)
Charles Burney, Junior FRS, DD was an English classical scholar, schoolmaster and clergyman.-Family and education:...
, classical scholar, along with codices: Minuscule 480
Minuscule 480
Minuscule 480 , δ 462 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1366. The manuscript is lacunose....
, 481
Minuscule 481
Minuscule 481 , ε 1017 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 10th century.Scrivener labeled it by number 569....
, 484
Minuscule 484
Minuscule 484 , ε 322 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on thick cotton paper . Dated by a Colophon to the year 1291/1292....
, 485
Minuscule 485
Minuscule 485 , ε 247 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment...
, and ℓ 184
Lectionary 184
Lectionary 184, designated by siglum ℓ 184 is a Greek manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Westcott and Hort labelled it by 39e, Scrivener by 259e...
. It is unknown in which way Burney acquired the manuscript, but after his death it was proved that some manuscripts he had stolen from the university library
Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Gonville and Caius College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge in Cambridge, England. The college is often referred to simply as "Caius" , after its second founder, John Keys, who fashionably latinised the spelling of his name after studying in Italy.- Outline :Gonville and...
in Cambridge. After his death it was purchased to the British Museum
British Museum
The British Museum is a museum of human history and culture in London. Its collections, which number more than seven million objects, are amongst the largest and most comprehensive in the world and originate from all continents, illustrating and documenting the story of human culture from its...
in 1818 from his son Charles Parr Burney. The manuscript was rebound in 1964.
The manuscript was examined and collated by Scrivener
Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener
The Reverend Frederick Henry Ambrose Scrivener, LL.D. was an important text critic of the New Testament and a member of the English New Testament Revision Committee which produced the Revised Version of the Bible...
, who published its text in 1852. The manuscript was added to the list of New Testament manuscripts by Scrivener (570) and C. R. Gregory (482). Gregory saw it in 1883.
It is currently housed at the British Library
British Library
The British Library is the national library of the United Kingdom, and is the world's largest library in terms of total number of items. The library is a major research library, holding over 150 million items from every country in the world, in virtually all known languages and in many formats,...
(Burney 20) in London
London
London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- F. H. A. Scrivener, A Full and Exact Collation of About 20 Greek Manuscripts of the Holy Gospels (Cambridge and London, 1852), p. XLIX-LI. (as p)
External links
- Minuscule 482 at the Encyclopedia of Textual Criticism
- Minuscule 482 at the British Library